!>= 2 ;5B=NN =>GL 8;8 @5;8:28O 4><0 5A3@592>2.

Crusoe, 05-2008.

 

1. !5:@5B=K5 @530;88.

&

G5B25@B>< -- A0< 8 @ A848B,

!848B >= 25:0 70 25:0<8

0 :0<5==>< B@>=5, > :0<5==K9 AB>;

2C?8@0OAL @C:0<8.

 

>3=5==>-@K60O 1>@>40

!2>1>4=> 4> ?>;C 2L5BAO.

"> A428=5B >= 1@>28, B> 24@C3 ?>4<83=5B,

5 7=05HL, A5@48B 8;L A<55BAO.

 

4C<05B >= 8;8 A?8B,

>4G0A 70B@C4=8HLAO >B25B><.

> 45=L ?@845B -- 8 2AB0=5B >=,

#6 2K ?>25@LB5 <=5 2 MB>

 

= 4>1@K9 A2>9 ?>4=8<5B ABO3

:@8:=5B CA=C2H8< 35@>O<:

"> :>=O :>=O

@5< AB@>5<.

 

=0 :>=L A04OBAO, 0 :>=8 8 @6CB,

@>NB ?5A>: 8E :>?KB0,

B@C1K 3@5<>;>4FK,

A8=OO 40;L 8< >B:@KB0.

 

5=@8E 59=5. «5@<0=8O».

 

>@>;52A:85 @530;88 (>B;0=488, @8BC0;L=K5 ?@54<5BK, A8<2>;K <>=0@H59 2;0AB8 B@8 ?@54<5B0: :>@>=0, A:8?5B@ 8 <5G.

>A;54=89 :>@>;L AC25@5==>3> H>B;0=4A:>3> 3>AC40@AB20 0:>2 VI :>@>=>20;AO 8<8 29 8N;O 1567 3>40; 70B5<, ?>A;5 A<5@B8 ;87025BK =3;89A:>9, 0:>2 >1J548=8; 420 ?@5AB>;0 =3;88 8 (>B;0=488 - ?>4 8<5=5< 0:>20 I. 0G0;0AL B0: =07K205<0O «;8G=0O C=8O» 42CE 3>AC40@AB2.

0:>2C I =0A;54>20; 0@; I. !=0G0;0 >= ?>65;0; 4>AB028BL H>B;0=4A:85 :>@>=C, A:8?5B@ 8 <5G 2 >=4>=, =0 :>@>=0F8N, => =0B>;:=C;AO =0 C?>@=>5 A>?@>B82;5=85 8 2K=C645= 1K; A0< ?@85E0BL : @530;8O< 2 -48=1C@3 (G5@57 8 ;5B ?>A;5 2>AE>645=8O =0 ?@5AB>; =3;88) 8 ?@8=OBL H>B;0=4A:CN :>@>=C 2 H>B;0=4A:>9 65 AB>;8F5.

'5@57 =5:>B>@>5 2@5;NF8O.

30 O=20@O 1649 3>40 0@;0 I :07=8;8.

!K= >1573;02;5==>3>, 0@; II 2KA048;AO 2 (>B;0=488, ?>>15I0; H>B;0=4F0< 2A53>, G53> >=8 >B =53> ?>65;0;8 8, 1 O=20@O 1652 3>40, :>@>=>20;AO 2 !:>=5 B5<8 A0<8: :>@>=>9, A:8?5B@>< 8 <5G><. 070;>AL, GB> C=8O @0A?0;0AL, => @><25;L ?>HQ; =0 (>B;0=48N 2>9=>9. 1AB>OB5;LAB20 AB0;8 =51;03>?@8OB=K 4;O <>=0@E88; A0<> ACI5AB2>20=85 2A5E <>=0@E8G5A:8E CAB0=>2;5=89 8 0B@81CB>2 >:070;>AL 2 1>;LH>9 >?0A=>AB8. B>340 H>B;0=4A:89 ?0@;0<5=B ?@8=O; <5@K 4;O A>:@KB8O :>@>;52A:8E 7=0:>2 >B 2@030.

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

8 8N;O 1651 3>40 2 0==>B0@5 @07<5AB8;AO A?5F80;L=K9 30@=87>= ?>4 =0G0;>< 5>@30 38;28 87 0@0; ;>@4-<0@H0; =07=0G8; 38;28 ;59B5=0=B-3C15@=0B>@>< (?@54AB028B5;5< <>=0@E0) 2 :@5?>AB8. 0==>B0@ 4>AB028;8 :>@>;52A:CN 0@B8;;5@8N, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 1>;LH>5 >@C485 ?> 8<5=8 >=A M33: ;535=40 3;0A8;0, GB> >3@><=>9 ?CH:5 A;CG8;>AL A=5AB8 <0GBK 0=3;89A:>3> AC4=0 =0 2E>45 2 3020=L !B>=E525= A @0AAB>O=8O 2 ?>;B>@K <8;8.

=3;8G0=5 ?@81;860;8AL, :@5?>ABL 3>B>28;0AL : A:>@>9 8 =587156=>9 >A045. AB@52>65==K5 3@0640=A:85 2;0AB8 0==>B0@0 ?@8=O;8AL =0AB>OB5;L=> C3>20@820BL 38;28 C257B8 :>@>;52A:>5 4>1@> 2 >48= 87 3>@=KE 70<:>2. 38;28 =5 ?>440;AO 402;5=8N 8 >1@0B8;AO 70 ?@8:07>< : :0=F;5@C (>B;0=488, 3@0DC 0C4>=C. 0=F;5@ >B25B8;, GB> ?>:0 0==>B0@ 45@68BAO, 38;28 4>;65= ?>701>B8BLAO > A>E@0==>AB8 :>@>==KE 0B@81CB>2 2 70<:5 ;>@40-<0@H0;0, => 5A;8 @5H8B, GB> ?045=85 :@5?>AB8 =5<8=C5<> <>65B ?5@5?@OB0BL 8E ?> A2>5<>B@5=8N, 2 3>@0E 8;8 345-=81C4L 5IQ =>, 2 ;N1>< A;CG05, =5 >B4020BL 2> 2@065A:85 @C:8.

=3;8G0=5 >A048;8 70<>:. 20 =>O1@O 38;28 >1@0B8;AO A ?8AL<>< : 0@;C II; ;59B5=0=B-3C15@=0B>@ ?@>A8; :>@>;O 2KA;0BL ;Q3:89 :>@01;L 8 C25AB8 @530;88 70 <>@5, => >1AB>OB5;LAB20 =5 40;8 0@;C 2>7<>6=>AB8 8A?>;=8BL ?@>AL1C 38;28.

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

@8AB8=0 $;5BG5@ A?@OB0;0 :>@>=C ?>4 >4564>9, 2KH;0 87 70<:0 8 A?CAB8;0AL : A2>59 ;>H048 (70<>: AB>8B =0 A:0;5, BC40 =52>7<>6=> 2J5E0BL 25@E><) 2 ;035@L 0=3;8G0=, 345 A0< 35=5@0; =5?@8OB5;O ;N157=> ?><>3 59 27>1@0BLAO 2 A54;>. !;C60=:5 <8AA8A $;5BG5@ 4>AB0;8AL :>@>;52A:85 <5G 8 A:8?5B@; >=0 2K=5A;0 8E 2 A2Q@B:5 A ;L=><, O:>1K 4;O ?@O45=8O. 0H;8 G5@57 >A04=K9 ;035@L, 25@=C;8AL 2 8=5DD 8 ?5@540;8 :>@>==K5 4@03>F5==>AB8 ?@5?>4>1=>B ?@8=O; @530;88 8 >B25B8; 24>2AB2CNI59 <0B5@8 ;>@40-<0@H0;0 A;54CNI8< ?8AL<><: (31 <0@B0 1652 3>40)

 

/, 659OB5;L 8=5DD0, 15@C ?>?5G5=85 =04 7=0:0<8 3>AC40@AB25==>9 G5AB8, 0 8<5==>: :>@>=0, A:8?5B@, <5G. 'B> :0A05BAO :>@>=K 8 A:8?5B@0: =>GLN, O ?>4=O; ?;8BC ?>;0 ?@O<> 70 :0D54@>9, 2K@K; O;>68; BC40 25I8 8 7045;0; ?;8BC B0:, GB> =8:0:>9 @01>BK =5 284=>; C=QA 2K:>?0==K9 3@C=B, 8 B5?5@L =8:B> =5 4>30405BAO, GB> :0<5=L ?>4=8<0;8. 'B> 4> <5G0: O A?@OB0; 53> 2 70?04=>< :>=F5 F5@:28 A@548 A:0<59 ?@8E>60=: 2K@K; O<56 42CE ?5@2KE @O4>2 A845=89, C;>68; <5G 2 =>6=0E 2 75<;N, 70:>?0;, C1@0; 2A5 A;54K 8 =8 >4=0 6820O 4CH0 =5 =094QB 53>. A;8 >3C C3>4=> 1C45B ?@8720BL <5=O 4> A@>:C, 2K, 20H0 <8;>ABL, =094QB5 2AQ 2 C:070==KE <=>N <5AB0E.

 

<05 1652 3>40 0==>B0@ :0?8BC;8@>20; ?5@54 35=5@0;>< 8=>< =0 ?>GQB=KE CA;>28OE: 38;28 >15I0;8 A2>1>4C, => :>340 2KOA=8;>AL, GB> @530;88 8AG57;8, >= 8 53> AC?@C30 ?>425@3;8AL A0<>:>1@0I5=8N. E B0A:0;8 ?> BN@L<0<, =0:07K20;8, ;8H8;8 8B5@O;0 74>@>2L5 8 G5@57 420 3>40 ?>A;5 :0?8BC;OF88 C<5@;0. 535=40 3>2>@8B, GB> =0AB>OB5;L 8=5DD0 8 53> 65=0 B0:65 >:070;8AL ?>4 ?>4>7@5=85<, => =5 2K40;8 ?@024K 8 ?>4 ?KB:0<8.

564C B5< <0BCH:0 <0@H0;0 (>B;0=488 ?CAB8;0 2@030 ?> ;>6=>AB@0=8;0 70 3@0=8F59 A2545=8O, GB> B09=> ?5@540;0 @530;88 A2>5<;04H5=C 59BC, 0 B>B C2Q7 :>@>==K5 4@03>F5==>AB8 70 <>@5. >340 AM@ 6>= 59B 25@=C;AO 2 =3;8N, B>, A @8A:>< 4;O 687=8 40; ;>6=K5 ?>:070=8O: >=, 45, >B2Q7 @530;88 2 0@86 8 ;8G=> ?5@540; 0@;C II. 0 MB> B ?@5B5@?5; 65AB>G09H85

530;88 H>B;0=4A:8E :>@>;59 AG0AB;82> >AB0;8AL 2 B09=8:5. @5B 2@5<5=8, =0AB>OB5;L 8 53> 65=0 2K=8<0;8 8E, <5=O;8 >1Q@B:C, A?0A0;8 >B AK@>AB8 8 ?@>G8E 154.

>A;5 @5AB02@0F88, <0BL ;>@40-<0@H0;0 8 ;59B5=0=B-3C15@=0B>@ 38;28 >B:@K;8AL 0@;C II. 0B5O;AO A?>@ > B><, G59 2:;04 2 45;> A?0A5=8O @530;89 25A><55; AB>@>=K ?>1@0=8;8AL, ?>BO30;8AL 8 ?>;CG8;8 >B 0@;0 II 2AO:85 1;03>40@=>AB8: 6>= 59B AB0; 3@0D>< 8=B>@A:8<, 38;28 10@>=5B><, @8AB8=0 $;5BG5@ 8 659

;CG8;8 2000 H>B;0=4A:8E 45=53 ?0@;0<5=BA:8< C:07><. @5;8:288 2=>2L CB25@48;8AL 2 -48=1C@35.

@>H;> =5A:>;L:> 2@5<5=8, >BHC<5;8 :>5-:0:85 (=5ACI5AB25==K5 4;O =0H59 8AB>@88) A>1KB8O 8 =0G0;0AL 1>@L10 70 C=8N =3;88 8 (>B;0=488. !=0G0;0 @530;88 E>B5;8 C257B8 2 >=4>=, AB>;8FC B5?5@L C65 !>548=Q==>3> >@>;52AB20, => H>B;0=4FK 3>@OG> 2>A?@>B828;8AL, 8 2 4>3>2>@5 >1 #=88 >:070;0AL A;54CNI0O AB0BLO: «>@>=0, A:8?5B@, <5G, ?0@;0<5=BA:85 :=838 8 ?@>G55 >AB0=CBAO B0<, 345 =0E>4OBAO A59G0A, 2 B>9 G0AB8 !>548=Q==>3> >@>;52AB20, GB> 7>2QBAO (>B;0=4859 8 >AB0=CBAO B0< =0 2A5 2@5<5=0, =5A<>B@O =0 #=8N».

"5< 8 ?>@5H8;8. > :>@>=0, <5G 8 A:8?5B@ 2>71C640;8 =0@>4 2>>1I5, O:>18B>2 2 G0AB=>AB8 8 8E @5H8;8 C1@0BL A 3;07 4>;>9. 26 <0@B0 1707 3>40 :>@>;52A:85 0B@81CBK B>@65AB25==> >B=5A;8 2 A?5F80;L=CN :><=0BC -48=1C@3A:>3> 70<:0, C;>68;8 2 AC=4C: 8 70?5@;8 =0 B@8 :@5?:8E 70<:0; A0<0 65 :><=0B0 1K;0 87@O4=> C:@5?;5=0: >:=0 8 4K<>E>4 701@0=K 65;57=K<8 AB02=O<8, 2E>4 ?5@53>@06820;8 425 425@8 >4=0 87 4C10, 2B>@0O 87 65;57=KE ?>;>A, >15 A> H:2>@=O<8, 65;57=K<8 70A>20<8, <>3CG8<8 70<:0<8. A5 :;NG8 A@07C 65 A?@OB0;8.

!>:@>28I0 A>:@K;8AL >B ;N4A:>3> 27>@0. 5<54;5==> ?>?>;7;8 A;CE8, GB> 8E B09=> C257;8 2 >=4>=. >@>=C 2@>45 1K 2845;8 2 "0CM@5. @028B5;LAB2> =5 2K:07K20;> 65;0=8O 2KAB028BL @530;88 =0?>:07, >?0A0OAL 2A?;5A:0 A5?0@0B87<0. 48= @07, 23 45:01@O 1794 3>40, ?> 8<5==>@>;52A:><=0BC 2>H;0 A?5F80;L=0O :><8AA8O ?>8A:0BL :0:85-B> =C6=K5 1C<038. C<03 =5 >:070;>AL; :><8AA8>=5@K 2845;8 AC=4C:, => =5 8<5;8 ?@020 53> >B:@K20BL 8 :><=0BC 2=>2L 70?5@;8.

1817 3>4C, ?@8=F-@535=B 1C4CI89 5>@3 IV =5 157 ?><>I8 >4=>3> 70<5G0B5;L=>3> G5;>25:0, > :>B>@>< A:06C =865 - @5H8;, GB> 1>;55 =5B =8:0:8E ?>;8B8G5A:8E ?@8G8= A:@K20BL >B H>B;0=4F52 4@52=85 A8<2>;K 8E 1K;>9 =57028A8<>AB8. '5B2Q@B>3> D52@0;O 1818 3>40 2 :><=0BC 2>H;0 =07=0G5==0O @535=B>< :><8AA8O 87 45AOB8 G5;>25: 6 206=KE >D8F80;L=KE ;8F 8 4 ?@54AB028B5;O H>B;0=4A:>9 >1I5AB25==>AB8 4 MA:209@0; A@548 =8E < 8BB0.

@8OB5;L ?@8=F0-@535=B0 0;LB5@ !:>BB 2<5AB5 A ?@>G8<8 :><8AA8>=5@0<8 >A<>B@5; =0945==K5 2 F5;>AB8 :>@>;52A:85 @530;88 8 A>AB028; >BGQB «DESCRIPTION OF THE REGALIA OF SCOTLAND BY WALTER .SCOTT, BART». AQ 87;>65==>5 2KH5 :@0B:89 ?5@5A:07 MB>3> 4>:C<5=B0 2 G0AB8, :0A0NI59AO 8AB>@88 :>@>;52A:8E 0B@81CB>2. > E>4C 45;0, O 2AB028; =5:>B>@K5, =5>1E>48<>9 273;O4, @0AH8D@>2:8 8AB>@8G5A:8E ?5@8?5B89. A?>;L7>20=> -48=1C@3A:>5 8740=85 «Description&» 1864 3>40.

 

>B 53> M;5:B@>==0O :>?8O.

 

>B 3@02N@0 =0945==KE 2 :><=0B5 A>:@>28I.


2>B 70<>: 0==>B0@.


"5?5@L, ?>A;5 =5>1E>48<> 4>;3>3> 2ABC?;5=8O, ?>3>2>@8< > 4@C3>< 25;8:>< H>B;0=4A:>< 02B>@5 M48=1C@6F5 @BC@5 >=0= >9;5 8 53> @0AA:075 «1@O4 4><0 59A3@52>2».

 

2. !B@0==>AB8 %0@;AB>=A:>3> 45;0.

 

- >?09B5, :>?09B5, @51OB0, - A:070; !8;L25@ A E>;>4=>9 =0A<5H:>9.  -

2>AL 2K:>?05B5 420-B@8 75<;O=KE >@5E0. E B0: ;N1OB A28=L8.

 - 20-B@8 >@5E0! -  2  15H5=AB25  272873=C;  5@@8.  -  ">20@8I8,  2K A;KH0;8, GB> >= A:070;? >2>@N 20<: >= 7=0; 2A5  70@0=55!  ;O=LB5  5, B0< MB> OA=> =0?8A0=>.

 

>15@B !B825=A>=, «AB@>2 !>:@>28I».

 

'B>-6, B5?5@L <, :0: ?@OB0;8 >B @><25;O :>@>;52A:85 @530;88. >102;N: 2> 2@5<5=0 3@0640=A:>9 2>9=K, 70 A=>H5=8O A 0@;>< II 3@>78;0 A<5@B=0O :07=L 157 ?@020 0?5;;OF88, 0 70 53> 3>;>2C BKAOG0 DC=B>2.

K <>65< @073;O45BL 2 MB>9 8AB>@88 :>5-GB> 5IQ: 8AB>: D01C;K @0AA:070 4@C3>3> 25;8:>3> M48=1C@6F0 @BC@0 >=0= >9;O - «1@O4 4><0 59A3@52>2».

/ =5 286C A 2>B ?5@52>4, 2>B @5?@8=B ?5@2>3> 8740=8O. '8B09B5, 4@C7LO. ?@>G5<, C25@5=: G8B0;8, 7=05B5, ;N18B5.

@8AB0;L=K9 273;O4 @0A?>7=05B 2 «1@O45» =5<0;>5 G8A;> =5;5?>AB59. 5@5G8A;N 8E.

1. K 7=05< 8AB>@8N H>B;0=4A:8E :>@>==KE F5==>AB59. 5 AB@0==> ;8, GB> <5AB>< CB0820=8O :>@>=K !BN0@B>2 AB0; 4@>2O=>9 ?>420;, :0<5==K9 <5H>: ?>4 ?;8B>9 A 2K7K20NI5 B>@G0I8< 65;57=K< :>;LF> ;8, GB> 70 230 ;5B (>B 1650 4> 1880, ?@54?>;>68B5;L=>5 2@5B 1879 4> 1881) =8:B> =5 ?>8=B5@5A>20;AO 0 GB> MB> ?>4 ?;8B>N ;568B? ;8 =86=89 @O4 4@>2 C65 230 ;5B :0: =5 C18@0;8? 5 A;8H:>< ;8 ;53:>5 C1568I5 >B 8I55: AM@0 ;825@0 @><25;O? 5 A;8H:>< ;8 >18B0B5;8 70<:0 ;5=82K 8 =5;N1>?KB=K? AQ-65 230 ;5B.

2. @09B>= ?> A;>20< %>;25: =570C@O4=>3> C<0, B0: GB> <=5 =5 ?@8E>48;>AL ?@8=8<0BL  2  @0AG5B  @07=8FC <564C C@>2=5< 53> 8 <>53> %>; 65 @09B>=?

&.

5468=0;L4 5A3@592 273;O=C; =0 <5=O A 1>;LH8< C482;5=85<.

- "5?5@L O ?@8?><8=0N, - A:070; >=, -  GB>  =5A:>;L:>  <5AOF52  =0704 @09B>= 459AB28B5;L=> A?@0H820; <5=O > 2KA>B5  MB>3>  45@520.  065BAO,  C =53> 2KH5; :0:>9-B> A?>@ A 3@C<><.

& 2  ?@>H;K9  G5B25@3 =>GLN - O =8:0: =5 <>3 CA=CBL&

2>@5F:89 @09B>=, A>25@H5==> >45BK9, A845; 2 :@5A;5.  0  :>;5=OE  C =53> 1K; @07;>65= ;8AB 1C<038,  ?>E>689  =0  35>3@0D8G5A:CN  :0@BC,  8  >= A<>B@5; =0 =53> 2 3;C1>:>9 704CAB8. AB>;15=52  >B  87C<;5=8O,  O  =5 H525;8;AO 8 =01;N40; 70  =8<ý  87  B5<=>BK.  ><=0B0  1K;0  A;01>  >A25I5=0 >30@:>< A25G8. 4@C3 @09B>= 2AB0;, ?>4>H5; :  1N@>,  AB>O2H5B?5@ 53> 8 2K428=C; >48= 87 OI8:>2.  K=C2  >BBC40  :0:CN-B>  1C<03C,  >= A=>20 A5; =0 ?@56=55 <5AB>, ?>;>68; 55 =0 AB>; 2>7;5  A25G8,  @073;048;  8 AB0; 2=8<0B5;L=> @0AA<0B@820BL.

 

B0:, @09B>= A?@0H8205B :0: 8 %>;

BC 2O70. @>E>48B =5A:>;L:> <5AOF52, 0 >= 2AQ 5IQ =5 =0HQ; A>:@>28I0, => ;8HL 87CG05B :0:CN-B> :0@BC 8 ?>A;5 ?>8<:8 70 MB8< 45;>< ?@>A8B 5IQ <5AOF A@>:C. ;8 E>BO 1K 425 =545;8. 'B> 65 70=8<0;> @09B>=0? 04 G5< >= 4C<0; =5A:>;L:> <5AOF52 A @5H5=85< :0: MB> :065BAO 2 :0@<0=5? '5< 1K;> 2K720=> 181;8>B5G=>5 145=85?

3. 0: @09B>= 8 59G5; ?>4=O;8 ?;8BC? %>; «?@8?>4=8<0O ?;8BC, @09B>= 8 53> ?><>I=8F0 22>48;8 MB8 ?>;5=LO 2 I5;L, ?>:0  >B25@AB85 =5 @0AH8@8;>AL =0AB>;L:>, GB> 2 =53> C65 <>6=> 1K;>  ?@>=8:=CBL,  0  ?>B>< ?>4?5@;8 ?;8BC 5I5 >4=8< ?>;5=><, ?>AB0282 53> 25@B8:0;L=>,  B0:  GB>  >=> 2?>;=5 <>3;> >1;><0BLAO =0 =86=5< :>=F5 - 254L ?;8B0 4028;0 =0  =53>  2A5< A2>8< 25A><ý». > ?;8BC 5;5 ?>H525;8;8 42>5 :@5?:8E ;= 8 B>;L:> ?>4=O2H0OAO A ?>AB5;8 ?>A;5 BO6:>9 1>;57=8 3>@=8G=0O («>=0 A;53;0, => ?>B><ý  2K74>@>25;0  8  B5?5@L  E>48B  - 25@=55, E>48;0 4> 2G5@0H=53> 4=O :0: B5=L; C =55 >AB0;8AL >4=8 3;070») A<>3;8 «?@8?>4=OBL» B0:>9 25A 8 ?>4AC=CBL ?> =53> ?>;5=>? ;8B0 1K;0 ?;>B=> ?@8;065=0 : ?>;C, B0: ?;>B=>, GB> @09B>= 704>E=C;AO. 0: 65 ?>4:>2K@=CBL B0:>9 :0<5=L BC?K< ?>;5=>

4. >G5= A>1@0;AO 70 A>:@>28I5< 2 H;Q?0=F0E: «His slippers, too, were gone, but his boots were left behind» 8 :0: >= ?@>HQ; 2 ?>420;, =5 2KE>4O 87 4>

5. 'B> 70 AB@0==0O =0E>4:0? «Mass of old rusted and discoloured metal and several dull-coloured pieces of pebble or glass» (CG:0 @602>3>, 15AF25B=>3> <5B0;;0 8 =5A:>;L:> :CA>G:>2 BCA:;>3> >:0BKH0 8;8 AB5:;0). >@>=K ?@028B5;59 @8B0=88 45;0;8 87 1;03>@>4=KE <5B0;;>2 8 C:@0H0;8 4@03>F5==K<8 :0<=O<8. 5=5G=>, <>3 8 2KA>E=CBL 70 230 ;5B, => =5 «70A25@:0; 1K :0: 8A:@0» ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: %>;BQ@ :0<5=L > @C:02. 2@>?5 5ABL >4=0 :>@>=0 87 65;570 5;57=0O :>@>=0 ><10@488 - => 2 =59 87 65;570 ;8HL >4=0 ?>;>A:0, A45;0==0O, ?> ?@540=8N 87 32>74O @0A?OB8O %@8AB>20, ?@>G55 4@03>F5==K9 <5B0;;. 0Q45==K5 @602K5 >1;><:8 8<5NB 284 «42>9=>3> >1@CG0» 8 >B:@KB>9 48045 :>@>;52A:85 :>@>=K @8B0=88 C:@0H5=K 0@:0<8 A =025@H85< ?>25@E =03>;>2=>9 G0AB8. B<5B8<, GB> =0E>4:C =5 ?@87=0;8 4@03>F5==>9 8 59G5;, 8 5A3@592, 8 ?>=0G0;C A0< (5@;>: %>;

6. ?5@2>9 (A<. @5?@8=B ?5@2>3> 8740=8O 2 «!B@5=45») @540:F88, >1@O4 72CG8B B0::

 
"> ?@8=04;568B?"
""> CH5;".
"> 1C45B ?@8=04;560BL?"
""> ?@845B".
"45 1K;> A>;=F5?"
"04 4C1><".
"45 1K;0 B5=L?"
">4 2O7><".
"!:>;L:> =04> A45;0BL H03>2?"
"0 A525@ - 45AOBL 8 45AOBL, =0 2>AB>: - ?OBL 8 ?OBL, =0 N3 -  420  8
420, =0 70?04 - >48= 8 >48= 8 ?>B>< 2=87".
"'B> B4048< 70 MB>?"
"A5, GB> C =0A 5ABL".
" 048 G53> >B4048< ?"
"> 8;30".

 

?>74=59H8E 8740=8OE, 02B>@ 4>1028; 425 AB@>:8:

 
" :0:>< <5AOF5 MB> 1K;>?"
" H5AB><, =0G8=0O A ?5@2>3>".

 

0G5 =C6=>? 'B> E>B5; A:070BL >=0= >9;L?

 

B0:, 6 2>?@>A>2. 52O7:8, =5;5?>AB8, 5ABL ;8 A?>A>1 8E >1JOA=8BL? / ?>?@>1>20; A45;0BL MB> 8 ?>;CG8; =5>6840==K9 8 5A;8 =525@=K9, B> 70102=K9 >B25B. =5 4>AB028;0 C4>2>;LAB285 MB0 83@0 =045NAL, GB> 8 2K =5 70A:CG05B5.

 

3. !B@0==0O :>@>=0.

 

/ ?>=8<0;, GB> A5:@5B CA?5E0 0@85BB0 2 =5 <5=LH59  <5@5, =565;8 ><5@0,  8;LB>=0 8  5@38;8O,  B08BAO 2 2K1>@5 2A5< 7=0:><>3>, ;535=40@=>3> ?@54<5B0 ?>25AB2>20=8O; ?@8G5<ý  G8B0B5;O ?@54C254><;O5B  >1 MB>< C65 B8BC;L=K9 ;8AB;  8  O  AB0; ;><0BL A515 3>;>2C 2 ?>8A:0E :0:>3>-;81> ?>25@LO, :>B>@>5 C:@0A8;> 1K B>;L:> GB> 704C<0==CN :=83C 8  AB0;> 1K >A=>2>9 ?>25AB2>20=8O.

>15@B !B825=A>=. «0: 2>7=8: ;045B5;L 0;;0=B@M».

 

;O =0G0;0 @0745;05 AB@0==>3> 2840 :>@>=>N, 81> 8AB>G=8: =0< C65 254>< B5 65 «Description» 0;LB5@0 !:>BB0.

>@>=0 (>B;0=488 ?> >?8A0=8N !:>BB0 8<55B 284 42>9=>3> >1@CG0 («5B0;;8G5A:85 G0AB8 8<5;8 284 42>9=>3> >1@CG0» - «1@O4») 8 C:@0H5=0 4@03>F5==K<8 :0<=O<8 157 >3@0=:8, =0 AB0@K9 <0=5@. "5< >1JOA=O5BAO BCA:;K9 284 AB0@KE :0<=59 C >=0= >9;O: =5B >3@0=:8 =5B 8725AB=>3> 1;5A:0 4@03>F5==KE «B>?07>2, 0<5B8AB>2, @C18=>2, 380F8=B>2» (!:>BB). 2>AB>G=KE 650>@8BL =5 ?@8E>48BAO.

@52=OO :>@>=0 (>B;0=488 8<5;0 D>@B:@KB>9 48045:0 0:>2 V =5 4>1028; 425 0@:8. > 4>1028; 65?

0;LB5@ !:>BB ?8H5B, GB> B5?5@5H=OO (B> 5ABL >?8A0==0O 8< :>@>=0) :>?8O =5:>B>@>9 1>;55 4@52=59 @5;8:288. 1057 3>4C 0;:>;< A25@3 0:15B0 8 :>@>=>20;AO 2 !:>=5; 2>7<>6=>, GB> :>@>=>20;AO 8 2 1C:20;L=>< A 5ABL 1K; C25=G0= :>@>=>N. -4C0@4 I ?> <=5=8N 0;LB5@0 !:>BB0 702;045; 4@52=59 :>@>=>9 2 1296 3>4C :>340 - ?>A;5 A25@65=8O >0==0 0;8>;O - C2Q7 2 =3;8N 2A5 A8<2>;K H>B;0=4A:>3> AC25@5=8B5B0, 4065 8 !:>=A:89 :0<5=L C2Q7. 1306 3>4C @NA 2>AAB0=>28; H>B;0=4A:CN =57028A8<>ABL, => :>@>=>20;AO 8=>9 :>@>=>N ?@>ABK< 7>;>BK< >1@CG5<, 81> 4@52=OO @5;8:28O (>B;0=488 >AB0;0AL 2 >=4>=5, => ?@>AB>9 7>;>B>9 >1@CG :C@LQ7=>5 45;>! G5@57 :>@>B:>5 2@5?0; 2 @C:8& B>3> 65 -4C0@40 5@2>3> ?>A;5 @073@><0 @NA0 ?@8 5B25=5. B0:, -4C0@4 I A>1@0; :>;;5:F8N C65 87 42CE H>B;0=4A:8E :>@>=, => 2A:>@5 C<5@, 0 -4C0@4 II 1K; =03>;>2C @0718B @NA>< ?@8 0==>:1C@=5. @NA, 2?@>G5<, =5 70B@51>20; >B >=4>=0 25@=CBL ?0@C AB0@KE :>@>=, => 70:070; B@5BLN 8 =>2CN ?> <=5=8N !:>BB0 8<5==> :>@>=C, >B:@KBCN 2 1818 3>4C.

"0:8< >1@07><, 2 A>:@>28I=8F5 "0CM@0 <>3;0 A>E@0=8BLAO 4@52=59H0O 87 :>@>= <8@0 H>B;0=4A:0O, :>@>=0 0;:>;<0, 157 0@>: (:0: MB> 1K;> ?@8=OB> 4> :>=F0 15 25:0), >B45;0==0O =53@0=Q=K<8 :0<=O<8 8 87 =5?>=OB=>3> <0B5@80;0.

'B> 4> <0B5@80;0: =5CB><8;;5:F8>=5@ @530;89 -4C0@4 I 5IQ 4> H>B;0=4A:8E :>@>= >B=O; C ;825;8=0 "@5BL53> :>@>=C 20;;89A:CN: ;535=40@=>5 «CB@0G5==>5 A>:@>28I5 #M;LA0» 8;8 «:>@>=C @BC@0» (8<5==> ?>4>185<-@5:>=AB@C:F859 MB>9 :>@>=K 4> =0H8E 2@5;0 @8B0=88 ?@8=F0 #M;LA:>3>). ABL A2545=8O, GB> MB> 1K;0 >B:@KB0O 48045<0, 87 65;570 -4C0@4 I >?@028; 5Q 2 7>;>B> 8 GB> >@838=0; C=8GB>65= @><25;5< 2 1649 3>4C.

B0:, >=0= >9; A>>1@078; =5:>B>@K9 381@84 87 :>@>= 0;:>;<0 8 :>@>=K #M;LA0. @52=OO :>@>=0, >B:@KB0O 48045<0, ?@>AB>9 <5B0;; 8;8 ?;>E>5 7>;>B>, 42>9=>9 >1@CG, =53@0=Q=K5 :0<=8. K <>65< 8 =0< =587156=> 7=0BL, GB> (5@;>: %>;

@>=C @BC@0. 'B> A>25@H5==> 5AB5AB25==>.

 

4. 7<5@5=8O %>;

 

&4O4NH:0 =B8D5@ B0: =58AB>2> >@0;, GB> 4@>60;8 AB5:;0:

# <5=O 5ABL 4>;, 4>;, 4>;!

# <5=O 5ABL 3>, 3>, 3>!

# <5=O 5ABL B0, B0, B0!

>;3>B0!

>;3>B0!

>;3>B0!

 

N;L 5@=, «#4828B5;L=K5 ?@8:;NG5=8O 4O4NH:8 =B8D5@0».

 

A?><=8<, :0: %>;:@>28I5. >B AE5<0 53> 459AB289.



1. %>;

 

"45 1K;> A>;=F5?"

"04 4C1><".

"45 1K;0 B5=L?"

">4 2O7><".

 

?>=8<05B 53> B0:: A>;=F5 =04 4C1>< 7=0G8B, =86=89 :@09 A>;=5G=>3> 48A:0 ;568B =0 25@ECH:5 45@520. > ?>;>65=85 A>;=F0 =04 2KA>:8< ?@54<5B>< 7028A8B >B ?>;>65=8O =01;N40B5;O: 2K 84QB5 : 4C1C, 8 A>;=F5 ;>68BAO =0 53> 25@H8=C; 2K >BE>48B5 >B 45@520 8 A>;=F5 «?>4=8<05BAO» =04 :@>=>9. K E>48B5 2>:@C3 AB2>;0 8 A>;=F5 4;O =01;N40B5;O A<5I05BAO 2?@02> 8;8 2;52> >B=>A8B5;L=> >A8 45@520. K948B5 =0 C;8FC 8 ?>?@>1C9B5 MB> 459AB28B5;L=> B0:. / 4065 =0@8A>20; MB> =0 :0@B8=:5.

%>;

G:C =01;N45=8O C 2O70. -B> ;>38G=>: 2 «1@O45» C:070=K ;8HL 2O7 8 4C1; 87-?>4 4C10 =01;N40BL 15AA. =KE B>G5: 2 «1@O45» =5B. >= 4>68405BAO, ?>:0 A>;=5G=K9 48A: 4;O =01;N40B5;O C 2O70 :>A=QBAO 25@ECH:8 4C10.

/A=>, GB> A>;=5G=K9 48A: 4;O =01;N40B5;O ?>4 2O7>< :0A05BAO =86=59 :@><:>9 F5=B@0 (?@81;878B5;L=> F5=B@0) :@>=K 4C10 ;8HL 5A;8 A>;=F5 AB>8B ?> ;8=88 4C1-2O7, B> 5ABL :>340 8 >4=>2@5<5==> 2K?>;=ONBAO 420 CA;>28O:

(0) =86=89 :@09 A>;=F0 =0E>48BAO =0 ;8=88 7@5=8O =01;N40B5;O, 3;O4OI53> 87-?>4 2O70 =0 25@H8=C 4C10;

(1) F5=B@ A>;=5G=>3> 48A:0 ;568B 2 25@B8:0;L=>9 ?;>A:>AB8, ?@>E>4OI59 G5@57 ;8=8N 2O7-4C1.

=K<8 A;>20<8, A>;=F5 4>;6=> =0E>48BLAO 2 B>G:5 A =5:>B>@K<8 2?>;=5 >?@545;Q==K<8 3>@87>=B0;L=K<8 :>>@48=0B0<8 =0 B@51C5<>9 2KA>B5 (C3>; ?>4JQ<0 A25B8;0 =04 3>@87>=B><) 8 ?> 4>;6=> (C3>; >B:;>=5=8O A>;=F0 >B =0?@02;5=8O =0 A525@). "0:>5 A>G5B0=85 A;CG05BAO =5 :064K9 45=L, 4065 A CGQB>< ?@81;878B5;L=>AB8 ?>=OB8O «F5=B@ :@>=K 4C10». >-ACB8, ?@0IC@K 59A3@520 2AB@>8;8 2 «1@O4» A0;=5G=K5 G0AK 3=><>=.

2. > 2>B A>;=F5 :0A05BAO 4C10. %>;

=O; «1@O4» B0:: 2O7 >B1@>A8; B5=L 8 >B :>=F0 MB>9 B5=8 =04;568B 45;0BL C:070==K5 2 <0=CA:@8?B5 H038. B 2O70 :> 2@5<5=8 459AB28O >AB0;AO ;8HL ?5=L, => 53> 2KA>BC 64 DCB0 7=05B 59A3@52. %>;2K9 H5AB, 2BK:05B 53> C ?=O 8 87<5@O5B B5=L 9 DCB>2. =0G8B :0: MB> 7=0; C65 4@52=89 $0;5A 2O7 2 64 DCB0 1@>A8; 1K B5=L 4;8=>N 2 64 E (9 : 6) = 96 DCB>2. %>;B<5@O5B 96 DCB>2 (>:>;> 30 <5B@>2) <5@=>9 25@Q2:>N 8 >:07K205BAO C A0<>9 AB5=K 4><0. "0< >= 45;05B >B<5B:C 8 =0E>48B @O4>< 2 42CE 4N9<0E - ?@56=NN O<:C >B :>;KH:0 4>;6=> 1KBL, 5Q >AB028; @09B>=.

"5< A0< 8725AB=0 2KA>B0 A>;=F0 0@:B0=35=A >B H5AB8 452OBKE ?;NA ?>;>28=0 C3;>2>9 25;8G8=K A>;=F0, B> 5ABL 0,5 3@04CA0 : 2 = 0,25 3@04CA0. B>3: A>;=F5 ?>4=O;>AL ?@8<5@=> =0 34 3@04CA0 =04 3>@87>=B><.

3. >=5F B5=8 ?0405B C AB5=K AB0@>3> :@K;0 ?><5ABLO. !B5=0 =0?@02;5=0 =0 A525@ (%>;?@545;O5B MB> ?> :> B<5@O5B 24>;L 740=8O 10 8 10 H03>2. ;8=0 G5;>25G5A:>3> H030 @02=0 ?>;>28=5 @0AAB>O=8O >B 3;07 4> 75<;8; @>AB %>;<5@=> 183 A< («-BN4 2 103@>2KE B>=0E»). %>; 1KBL, ?@>E>48B 17 <5B@>2 =0 A525@. 0;55 5 8 5 H03>2 =0 2>AB>: 8,5 <5B@>2. "CB (A<. @8AC=>:) 45B5:B82 O2=> >38105B C3>; 740=8O, 8=0G5 1KBL =5 <>65B. >2K9 ?>2>@>B 2 8 2 H030, 3,4 <5B@0 (>?OBL 70 C3>;) 8 %>;@>30.

5@54 =8< <>IQ=K9 :>@84>@, O@:> >A25IQ==K9 70:0B=K< A>;=F5<. "0: =0?8A0=> 2 @0AA:075, => B5?5@L 20;8 ?;0= 8 OA=> 2848<, GB> <564C %>;

< 8 A>;=F5< AB5=0. -B> >7=0G05B, GB> 2 ?@>B82>?>;>6=>9 >B %>;18B> >:=>, 8=0G5 :>@84>@ 1K; 1K BQ<5=. MB> >7=0G05B, GB> A>;=5G=K9 078<5@=> 90 3@04CA>2 8=0G5 A>;=F5 =5 703;O=C;> 1K 2 >G5=L C7:>5 B0: >?8A0=> AB0@>5 :@K;> 4><0 59A3@520 >:=> 2 >G5=L B>;AB>9 AB5=5.

"5< A0;=F0.

4. %>;<5H0B5;LAB25. 5@54 =8< <>IQ=K9 AB0@K<8 ?;8B0<8 :>@84>@. @>ABC:820=85 ?;8B =8G53> =5 40QB, ?CAB>B ?>4 ?>;>< =5 A;KH=>, :;04:0 :065BAO =5B@>=CB>9. BCB 59A3@52 2A?><8=05B > ?>420;5 B>< A0<>< ?>420;5; >= AB0@, :0: 4>< 8 ;568B 2 AB>@>=5 >B :>=5G=>9 B>G:8 <0@H@CB0 >1@O40: =04> ?@>9B8 ?> :>@84>@C 8 A?CAB8BLAO ?> 28=B>2>9 ;5AB=8F5.

 

0 MB>< >AB028< <8AB5@0 (5@;>:0 %>;< OA5= 53> <5B>4. 5@594Q< : 2KG8A;5=8O<.

 

5. -D5<5@84K.

 

&A?5@20 =04;560;>  A  ?><>ILN 0;LB89A:>9   #AB0=>2:8  ?@89B8  :   C25@5==>AB8   >B=>A8B5;L=>  A>1AB25==>9 :>>@48=0BK, 0 C6 ?>B>< ?>A<>B@5BL, ?>4B25@640;0AL ;8 MB0 :>>@48=0B0 40==K<8, ?>;CG059  !=0AB8, 8 5A;8 ?>4B25@640;0AL, B> <5B>4 !=0AB8 A;54>20;> >1JO28BL A0< A@548 2A5E.

$0B5@  0A?0@ ?@>25;  1K M:A?5@8<5=B 7=0G8B5;L=> @0=LH5, 5A;8 1K B>;L:> =5 A;CG8;>AL 2A5  B>, GB> A;CG8;>AL. 2>B B5?5@L 2>7<>6=>ABL  5ABL, 8  =04> 459AB2>20BL  =5>B;>6=>:  8  ?>  A>;=FC  8  ?>  0AB@>=><8G5A:8<ý  A?@02>G=8:0< (MD5<5@840<) O2AB2C5B, GB> =K=5H=OO =>GL--B0 A0<0O =>GL.

 

#<15@B> -:>. «AB@>2 =0:0=C=5».

 

AE>4=K5 40==K5.

>4 459AB28O >:>;> 1880-3>.

5=L 459AB28O A@540, :0: MB> ;53:> 2K2>48BAO 87 @0AA:070.

 

=.

'5B25@3

5AA>==8F0 59A3@520.

OB=8F0

>8<:0 @09B>=0 2 181;8>B5:5. 5AL 45=L @09B>= BI0B5;L=> 8A?>;=O5B A2>8 >1O70==>AB8.

!C11>B0

5AL 45=L @09B>= BI0B5;L=> 8A?>;=O5B A2>8 >1O70==>AB8. 4QB 4>64L.

>A:@5A5=L5

! CB@0 >B:@K;>AL 8AG57=>25=85 @09B>=0. >;57=L 59G5;.

>=545;L=8:

>;57=L 59G5;.

B>@=8:

53AB2> 59G5; @0==8< CB@><. >8A:8.

!@540

878B 59A3@520 : %>;;

 

5AB> 459AB28O BCB :><<5=B0B>@K =07K20NB 2-3 <5AB0 2 !0AA5:A5, => >=8 @0A?>;>65=K ?>1;87>AB8 8 @07=8F0 2 :>>@48=0B0E =0 2KG8A;5=8O =5 2;8O5B. >7L?@545;Q==>AB8 5B2>@B %0CA - ?><5ABL5 c 35>3@0D8G5A:8<8 :>>@48=0B0<8 50 3@04. 50 <8=. A525@=>9 H8@>BK 8 0 3@04. 36 <8=. 70?04=>9 4>;3>BK.

 

>;>65=85 A>;=F0:

KA>B0 = 34 3@04CA0.

781E>48<> =5:>B>@>5 @0AAC645=85.

CABL >B 2@5<5=8 70<5@0 2KA>BK A>;=F0 (C48;8I0, B5=L, @0AGQB) %>;

< 4> ?>4E>40 : ?>@>3C :>@84>@0 ?@>H;> ?>;G0A0. ">340, G5@57 ?>;G0A0 ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: A>;=F5 AB>O;> =0 2KA>B5 34 3@04CA0 =04 3>@87>=B><, 53> 078<8=CA 90 3@04CA>2 (8;8 270 3@04CA>2 ?> ?@82KG=>9 4;O =0A H:0;5).

"5?5@L <>65< 27OBL B01;8FK MD5<5@84 (http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi); 2 =0H5< A;CG05 ?>=04>1OBAO 3>@87>=B0;L=K5 A>;=5G=K5 :>>@48=0BK (078B0) 4;O 2A5E A@54 1880 3>40, 4;O <5AB0 A 35>3@0D8G5A:8<8 :>>@48=0B0<8 50 3@04. 50 <8=. A525@=>9 H8@>BK 8 0 3@04. 36 <8=. 70?04=>9 4>;3>BK 8 ?@>25@8BL, 2 :0:85 4=8 (A@54K!) (5@;>: %>;

 

>B @57C;LB0B.

0B0 (A@54K, 1880)

@5340 A>;=F5 AB>O;> =0 2KA>B5 34 3@04CA0

78;=F0 2 <><5=B ?>4JQ<0 A25B8;0 =0 34 3@04CA0 ?>A;5 ?>;C4=O.

78<8=CB ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: A>;=F5 AB>O;> =0 2KA>B5 34 3@04CA0

3 <0@

! 6 >:BO1@O 4> 3 <0@B0 A>;=F5 =5 ?>4=8<05BAO =0 2KA>BC 34 3@04.

10 <0@

13:10

197,32

206,02

17 <0@

13:50

210,41

216,01

24 <0@

14:17

219,8

227,77

31 <0@

14:37

227,24

229,87

7 0?@

14:54

233,8

241,21

14 0?@

15:08

239,46

246,62

21 0?@

15:21

244,69

251,61

28 0?@

15:33

249,44

256,13

5 <09

15:42

253,23

259,74

12 <09

15:52

256,95

263,27

19 <09

16:00

259,91

266,08

26 <09

16:06

262,12

268,19

2 8N=

16:12

264

269,97

9 8N=

16:16

265,14

271,06

16 8N=

16:20

265,97

271,84

23 8N=

16:22

266,1

271,97

30 8N=

16:22

265,57

271,46

7 8N;

16:20

264,4

270,35

14 8N;

16:16

262,61

268,65

21 8N;

16:12

260,67

266,8

28 8N;

16:04

257,74

264,02

4 023

15:54

254,26

260,71

11 023

15:44

250,7

257,32

18 023

15:30

246,16

253

25 023

15:14

241,08

248,17

1 A5=

14:58

235,97

243,27

8 A5=

14:38

229,82

237,39

15 A5=

14:14

222,58

230,46

22 A5=

13:46

214,22

222,4

29 A5=

13:10

203,55

212,08

6 >:B

! 6 >:BO1@O 4> 3 <0@B0 A>;=F5 =5 ?>4=8<05BAO =0 2KA>BC 34 3@04.

 

K 2848<, GB> A 26 <0O ?> 14 8N;O =0H8 CA;>28O 1>;55 8;8 <5=55 2K?>;=ONBAO: A>;=F5 2>AE>48B =0 2KA>BC 34 3@04CA0 ?> 078:>;> 264 3@04CA>2 8 G5@57 ?>;G0A0 CE>48B =0 078<5@=> 2 270 3@04CA>2! 0AA:07 =0?8A0= A 8A:;NG8B5;L=>9 0AB@>=><8G5A:>9 4>AB>25@=>ABLN!

> MB>3> <0;>. "@QE<5AOG=K9 8=B5@20; 4>;389 8 =5>?@545;Q==K9 ?5@8>4. >4:;NG8< 5IQ >4=> A>>1@065=85.

 

/  >B<5@8;  MB> @0AAB>O=85. => ?@825;> <5=O ?>GB8 : A0<>9 AB5=5 4><0,  8  O  2>B:=C;  B0< :>;KH5:. >>1@078B5 <>5 B>@65AB2>, #>BA>=, :>340 2 42CE 4N9<0E >B  :>;KH:0 O C2845;  2  75<;5  :>=CA>>1@07=>5  C3;C1;5=85!  /  ?>=O;,  GB>  MB>  1K;0 >B<5B8=0, A45;0==0O @09B>=>< ?@8 53> 87<5@5=88, 8 GB> O ?@>4>;60N 84B8 ?> 53> A;540<.

 

=5 ?@54AB02;O5BAO @07C<=K<, GB> @09B>= A45;0; >B<5B:C =0:0=C=5 8AG57=>25=8O, B> 5ABL 2 G5B25@3 8;8 2 ?OB=8FC 254L 2AN AC11>BC ;8; 4>64L 8 A>;=5G=K5 87<5@5=8O 1K;8 =52>7<>6=K. ">340 >B G5B25@30 8;8 >B ?OB=8FK 4> A@54K :>=5F B5=8 2O70 CHQ; =0 420 4N9<0, B> 5ABL =0 ?OBL A0=B8<5B@>2, 8 A:>@>ABL ?5@5<5I5=8O :>=F0 B5=8 2 MB8 4=8 (>B G5B25@30-?OB=8FK 4> A@54K, 4=O ?@85740 %>;AB028;0 >B 0,8 4> 1 A0=B8<5B@0 70 45=L (420 4N9<0 ?>45;8BL =0 G8A;> 4=59).

!:>@>ABL ?5@5<5I5=8O :>=F0 B5=8 2O70 A ;Q3:>ABLN 2KG8A;O5BAO 87 ?@82545==KE 2KH5 B01;8F, :0: 29,6 <5B@0 (4;8=0 70<5@5==>9 %>;

< B5=8 2 94 DCB0) C<=>65==K5 =0 @07=8FC 0782 B5=8 >B 2O70 70 =545;N 45;Q==K5 =0 A5B A@54K 4> A@54K). 2>B @57C;LB0B.

 

0B0 (A@54K, 1880)

5@5<5I5=85 :>=F0 B5=8 70 =545;N (?> 4C35), A<

!:>@>ABL ?5@5<5I5=8O :>=F0 B5=8 (?> 4C35) A</45=L

26 <09

114,17

16,31

2 8N=

97,12

13,87

9 8N=

58,89

8,41

16 8N=

42,88

6,13

23 8N=

6,72

0,96

30 8N=

27,38

3,91

7 8N;

60,44

8,63

14 8N;

92,47

13,21

 

B0:, %>;= 25G5@>< 23 8N=O. :0=C= 4=O A2. >0==0. 25G5@ =0:0=C=5 20=0 C?0;K.

 

6. !>= 2 ;5B=NN =>GL.

 

5B8 =8:0: =5 <>3;8 >B>@20BL >B =53> 3;07,  @073;O4K20O A 3>;>2K 4> =>3 -- >B B5<=>-A8=59 H0?>G:8,  ?>E>659 =0 1>;LH>9 F25B>:,  4> 3>;KE, ?>:@KBKE H5@ABLN =>3. 0:>=5F >= @0AA<5O;AO.

-- >60;C9AB0,  =5 A<>B@8B5 =0 <5=O B0:.  K 65 A0<8 <5=O 2K720;8. >3> 65 5I5 2K >6840;8?

-- K =8:>3> =5 >6840;8. -B0 75<;O =0H0.

-- 0H0? -- ?5@5A?@>A8; ?@8H5;5F, >?CA:0OAL =0 B@02C. -- ">340 70G5< 65 2K  83@0;8  "!>=  2  ;5B=NN  =>GL"  B@8 @070 ?>4@O4, 8<5==> 2 20=>2 45=L, 8<5==>  2 F5=B@5 >;LF0 8 @O4><, A>2A5< @O4>< A >4=8< 87 ?@8=04;560I8E <=5 E>;<>2  2  !B0@>9  =3;88? >B E>;=8 65 8 5ABL E>;<>8 E>; 65 OA=> :0: 42064K 420! !<>B@8B5!

 

54LO@4 8?;8=3. «!:07:8 !B0@>9 =3;88».

 

1892 3>4C %>;

=04>5; >=0= >9;N. = =5 G0O; 871028BLAO >B =53>, >= CAB0;, AG8B0; 8AB>@88 > %>;<5A;5==8G5AB2><, @52=>20; : 7=0<5=8B>872545=8O, E>B5; ?8A0BL 4;O AF5=K 8 8AB>@8G5A:85 @><0=K «2 4CE5 0;LB5@-!:>BB0». «!B@5=4» 70:070; ?8A0B5;N =>2CN A5@8N ?@> %>;9;L 70?@>A8; GB>1K >B2O70;8AL =5A;KE0==CN AC<2. 540! 740B5;8 A>3;0A8;8AL 8 =0 MB>. >9;L A5; 70 @01>BC. !5@8O 1892-1893 3>40 4>;6=0 1K;0 AB0BL ?>A;54=59, >=0 70:0=G8205BAO 3815;LN (5@;>:0 %>;

2B>@ A@548 ?@>G8E 12 @0AA:07>2 A20@8; =5:89 :> B 87 0;LB5@0 !:>BB0, B@C40 !MA:>15;» (8AB>@8O ?>1530 0@;0 II), 4>1028; 0;;N78N =0 7=0<5=8BK9 :>@>;52A:89 4C1 ( >O; C:) 2 25B2OE :>B>@>3> A:@K20;AO <>=0@E-153;5F. 8A0B5;L 8A?>;L7>20; 2 @0AA:075 =5A:>;L:> 87<5=Q==>5 84=>3> 87 ?><>I=8:>2 0@;0 2 153AB25 Thomas Whitgreave A:@K20; 53> 2 >A;8 ;4 %>;;5, =0 A525@>-70?045 =3;88; <55< 45;> A Reginald->< Musgrave 87 25B:8 A525@=KE 59A3@52>2. = 22Q; 2 @0AA:07 70?;5A=525;>5 ?>475<5;L5, >AB0B:8 D5>40;L=>3> 4>=6>=0 (4>< 59A3@520 - venerable wreckage of a feudal keep), 70:@CB8; @0AA:07 2>:@C3 ;535=40@=>9 :>@>=K B> ;8 0;:>;<0 III, B> ;8 ;825;8=0 (0 7=0G8B 8 @BC@0), 2AB@>8; 2 @0AA:07 A>;=5G=K5 G0AK-3=><>= 8 2KAB028; B5=L-AB@5;:C =0 :0=C= A2OB>3> >0==0.

MB>B 25G5@ 2;N1;Q==K5 ?@K30NB G5@57 >3>=L, 1;C640NI85 >3=8 (8;8 F25BK ?0?>@>B=8:0) =02>4OB ;N459 =0 :;04K; 0 :;04K MB8 =5 40NBAO 157 ?@>;8B8O :@>28 8 =0 ?>25@:C >1>@0G820NBAO ?CABK< E;0<><.

 

K ?>4=O;8AL 2 :018=5B 5A3@5920, 8 >= @07;>68; ?5@54> <=>9  >1;><:8. 73;O=C2 =0 =8E, O ?>=O;, ?>G5< =8:0:>3>  7=0G5=8O: <5B0;; 1K; ?>GB8 G5@5=, 0 :0<5H:8 15AF25B=K 8 BCA:;K.&.

'B> :0A05BAO B>9 65=I8=K, >=0 15AA;54=> 8AG57;0. > 2A59 25@>OB=>AB8, >=0 ?>:8=C;0 =3;8N 8 C=5A;0 2 70<>@A:85 :@0O ?0 A2>5< ?@5ABC?;5=88.

 

!1560;8AL ;N48; ?@8=O;8AL ABCG0BL; 2KA048;8 425@L: E>BL 1K 4CH0 >4=0. AO E0B0 ?>;=0 4K<0, 8 ?>A5@548=5 B>;L:>, 345 AB>O;  5B@CAL,  :CG0 ?5?;C,  >B  :>B>@>3>  <5AB0<8  ?>4K<0;AO  5I5  ?0@.  8=C;8AL : <5H:0<: >4=8 18BK5  G5@5?:8  ;560;8  2<5AB>  G5@2>=F52.  K?CG0 3;070  8 @078=C2 @BK, =5 A<5O ?>H525;L=CBL CA><, AB>O;8 :>70:8, 1C4B> 2:>?0==K5 2 75<;N. "0:>9 AB@0E =025;> =0 =8E MB> 482>.&.

'B> 1K;> 40;55, =5 2A?><=N.  84>@:0  40;0  >15B  84B8  =0 1>3><>;L5;  A>1@0;0  >AB02H55AO  ?>A;5  >BF0 8, 8 G5@57 =5A:>;L:> 4=59 55 B>G=> C65 =5 1K;> =0  A5;5.  C40  CH;0  >=0, =8:B>  =5 <>3 A:070BL. #A;C6;82K5 AB0@CE8 >B?@028;8 55 1K;> C65 BC40, :C40 8 5B@> ?>B0I8;AO;  =>  ?@85E02H89  87  8520  :>70: @0AA:070;,  GB>  2845;  2  ;02@5  <>=0E8=N,  2AN  2KA>EHCN, :0: A:5;5B, 8 15A?@5AB0==> <>;OICNAO, 2  :>B>@>9  75<;O:8  ?>  2A5< ?@8<5B0<ý  C7=0;8  84>@:C

 

> «!B@5=4» @0AA:07 27O;. ;N48 2 =53> ?>25@8;8, 2>?@5:8 2A5< =5AC@07=>ABO<, 81> MB> @0AA:07 A0<>3> %>;<5;:CN =5B>G=>ABL <>;, 40BK =5BC. 157 40BK =5;L7O ?> 3=><>=C 8 :;040 =09B8. B>340 25AQ;K9 AM@ @BC@ 2AB028; 2 «1@O4» 425 AB@>:8:

 

" :0:>< <5AOF5 MB> 1K;>?"
" H5AB><, =0G8=0O A ?5@2>3>".

 

">;L:> 254L 2 <0=CA:@8?B5 2@5 I H5AB>9 <5AOF MB> ?> =0H52K9 3>4 2 @8B0=88 4> 1752 3>40 =0G8=0;AO 25 <0@B0, ?;NA 5IQ 8 N;80=A:89 :0;5=40@L. ! 8AB>@8G5A:>9 B>G:8 7@5=8O MB> ;>38G=>: 3 A5=BO1@O 0@; II ?@5B5@?5; ?>4 CAB5@>< 8 4> 15 >:BO1@O A:8B0;AO, A:@K20OAL, ?> =3;88, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 ?> !0AA5:AC. > 5A;8 1K @09B>= 8 %>;<0E=C;8AL 1K <8<> ?>420;0. A8;L=> 1K ?@><0E=C;8AL. =5?@028;L=0O A 8AB>@8G5A:>9 B>G:8 7@5=8O 40B0 B>G=0 0AB@>=><8G5A:8. MB> =>GL A2OB>3> >0==0. > 2A5 >?OBL ?>25@8;8 02B>@C. O B>65 ?>25@8; 8 4>;3> ?KB0;AO =09B8 ;>38G=>5 >1JOA=5=85 =5C2O7:0< C18;-45 A0< 59A3@52 8 2AQ MB> @07K3@0;; ?>4 AC=4C:>< 70@KB> GB>-B> 5IQ; @09B>= A>>@C48; >A>1K9 @KG06=K9 <5E0=87< 87 ?>;5=L52 (AE5<>6=> =0@8A>20BL)&

> ;0@G8:, ?>E>65, >B:@K205BAO ?@>AB>, E>BO, ?>A;5 @0AGQB>2 8 2>?@5:8 2A5< 42865=8O< A25B8; =515A=KE O 8 A59G0A 25@N: %>;@>=C @BC@0. 1> 8=0G5 8 1KBL =5 <>65B!

 

>9 4>@>3>9 4>:B>@ >=0= >9;L,

& -B8< 25G5@><, A@07C 65 ?>A;5 >1540, <=5 ?@8H;> 2 3>;>2C ?5@5A:070BL BC75<5;5 20H @0AA:07: «0;5F 8=65=5@0». & 5A;8 1K 2K 2845;8 MB> =5A:070==>5 2>;=5=85, MB8 3>@OI85 3;070, B> ?>=O;8 1K A@07C 8 =02A5340 GB> B0:>5 A;020.

23 023CAB0 1893 3>40. >15@B C8A !B825=A>=.