!

 

1911 1918.

 

#8=AB>= !. '5@G8;;L.

 

 

!>:@0IQ==>5 8 ?5@5A<>B@5==>5 8740=85

! 4>?>;=8B5;L=>9 3;02>9 > A@065=88 ?@8 0@=5.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

=830 2. 1915. 5@52545=> Crusoe (crusoe.livejournal.com), 2007 20083, A 8740=8O:

 

The World Crisis, 1911-1918 (Paperback) by Winston Churchill (Author), Martin Gilbert (Introduction). Free Press, Published by Simon & Shuster New York

 

ISBN-13: 978-0-7432-8343-4

ISBN-10: 0-7432-8343-0

 

 

 

'0ABL 2B>@0O

 

A5<, :B> 45@705B.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


3;02;5=85.

;020 18. "C?8: =0 0?045.

;020 19. @>8AE>645=85 B0=:>2 8 4K<>2.

;020 20. K1>@.

;020 21. >9 C >335@-10=:8, 24 O=20@O.

;020 21. 5@5>F5=:0 8 >:>=G0B5;L=>5 @5H5=85.

;020 22. 5=578A 0@<59A:>9 0B0:8.

;020 24. 045=85 2=5H=8E ?>@B>2 8 2B>@>5 ?@54;>65=85 @5F88.

;020 25. >2>5 @5H5=85.

;020 26. >A5<=04F0B>5 <0@B0.

;020 27. 4<8@0; 45 >15: <5=O5B ?;0=.

;020 28. 5@2>5 ?>@065=85 35@<0=A:8E AC1<0@8=.

;020 29. 0ABCI85 =5C4>2>;LAB28O.

;020 30. 8B20 =0 ?;O60E. 25 0?@5;O 1915 3>40.

;020 30. >A;5 2KA04:8.

;020 32. 045=85 ?@028B5;LAB20.

;020 33. ?CA:05BAO BL<0.

;020 34. =8 !C2;K.

;020 35. C8=K 0;:0=.

;020 36. B:07 >B 0@40=5;;.

;020 37. B>38 8 ?>A;54AB28O 1915 3>40.

 


;020 18. "C?8: =0 0?045.

 

1915 3>4C 2K?0;> AB0BL =5AG0AB=59H8< 4;O A>N7=8:>2 8 2A53> <8@0. H81:8 MB>3> 3>40 =5 40;8 C45@60BL ?>60@ 2 :>=B@>;8@C51H8@=KE ?@545;0E, >3>=L 701CH520; 8 =5 CB8E, ?>:0 =5 ?>6@0; A0< A51O. >B>: A>1KB89 ?5@5E;5AB=C; 2A5 @07C<=K5 3@0=8FK. ;0AB8 8 ;N48 7042830;8AL ?>4 @8B< B@035488, A<8@8;8AL A =5>1E>48<>ABLN 15760;>AB=>3> =0A8;8O, G5;>25G5AB2> 70:>2K;O;> G5@57 2@5<5=0 87185=8O 8 2AQ 1>;LH53> @0AB>G8B5;LAB20. 0 2@59 2>9=K :0@:0A <8@>2>3> >1I568B8O ?>AB@040; 1>;55 G5< 70 2AQ ?@54K4CI55 AB>;5B85, 8 ?>=5AQ==K5 >1I5AB2>< C25GLO 2?>;=5 <>3;8 1K C<5@B28BL F828;870F8N. > 5IQ 2 O=20@5 1915 3>40 <>6=> 1K;> C9B8 >B C60A=>3> @0728B8O 45;. 5:>B>@>5 2@5AB020;>AL 2 @C:0E G5;>25:0. >1540 2 1915 3>4C A?@0254;820O, ?;>4>=>A=0O, A2>52@5<5==0O <>3;0 1K C15@5GL <8@ >B 8AB>I5=8O, =0@>4K >B :@0E0, 8 B @0A?040, 2@>?C >B @07@CH5=8O.

> =5 A;CG8;>AL. '5;>25G5AB2> =5 >4>;5;> @C:>B2>@=>5 =5AG0ABL5 :@0BG09H8< ?CBQ<. >@4K=O >:070;0AL ?>2A5<5AB=> ?>A@0<;5=0, =8:B> =5 ?>;CG8; C4>2;5B2>@5=8O. =0<5=0B5;L=K5 4>AB865=8O =5 C25=G0;8AL 1;8AB0B5;L=K< <8@><. 5@B2K 2>9=K >AB0;8AL =5>?;0G5==K<8. &5=0 ?>154K GCBL ;8 =5 C@02=O;0 5Q A ?>@065=85<. >1548B5;8 =5 ?>;CG8;8 4065 30@0=B89 1C4CI59 157>?0A=>AB8. !;>20: «0 25;8:8< A;>2>< 8@» =0ABC?8B B8H8=0»[1] =5 A1K;8AL. A;54 70 A>4@>30=8O<8 1>@L1K ?@8H;> 15A?;>4=>5, 15A?>@O4>G=>5 2@5@>4=K5 =04564K, 2KA>:>5 B>20@8I5AB2>, AB@5<;5=85 : A;025 ?@825;8 2A5 157 8A:;NG5=8O =0@>4K : @07>G0@>20=8N, >B@572;5=8N, ?@>AB@0F88. !B@040=8O 8 8AB>I5=85 AB@5=>68;8 1>52>9 ?>@K2, ?>@065=85 ?@825;> : :@0EC, ?CH:8 70<>;G0;8, => =5=028ABL =5 =0H;0 C4>2;5B2>@5=8O, 0 A?>@ @07@5H5=8O. !0<0O A>:@CH8B5;L=0O 70 2AN <8@>2CN 8AB>@8N ?>1540 2>>@C65==>9 A8;K =5 A<>3;0 @5H8BL 52@>?59A:CN ?@>1;59=K.

=0G0;C =>2>3> 3>40 25;8:85 70?04=K5 A>?5@=8:8 >:070;8AL 2 3;CE>< BC?8:5, =0 <>@5 8 =0 ACH5. 5@<0=A:89 D;>B C:@K;AO 2 3020=OE, 8 1@8B0=A:>5 4<8@0;B59AB2> =5 2845;> A?>A>10 2KB0I8BL 53> 87-70 C:@5?;5=89. !?;>H=K5 ;8=88 B@0=H59 ?@>BO=C;8AL >B ;L? 4> <>@O, 2>7<>6=>AB59 4;O <0=Q2@0 =5 >AB0;>AL. 4<8@0;K =045O;8AL =0 1;>:04C, 35=5@0;K >1@0B8;8AL : 2>9=5 =0 8AB>I5=85 8 A@54AB2C ?>AB@0H=55: : ?>?KB:0< ?@>@20BL 2@065A:CN >1>@>=C. 8 >4=0 87 2>9= ?@>H;>3> =5 <>3;0 8 >B40;Q==> A@02=8BLAO A 1>@L1>9 =0 <0;>?>4286=><, A?;>H=>< D@>=B5. 0AB8>=K 4;8=>9 2 350 <8;L ?>4 =5CAK?=>9 70I8B>9 <8;;8>=>2 ;N459 8 BKAOG >@C489 ?@>ABQ@;8AL >B 3@0=8FK (259F0@88 4> !525@=>3> <>@O. >:BO1@5 8 =>O1@5, :>340 >1>@>=8B5;L=K5 ;8=88 1K;8 5IQ B>=:8 8 A;01K, 35@<0=FK ?>?KB0;8AL ?@>@20BL D@>=B, => ?>B5@?5;8 ?>@065=85 8 ?>=5A;8 BO6Q;K9 C@>=. ">340 D@0=FC7A:><0=4>20=8N ?@54AB028;AO A;CG09 2>>G8N C1548BLAO 2 A8;5 :>;NG59 ?@>2>;>:8 8 ?C;52 2 B@0=H5OE.

>;55 A>@>:0 ;5B =0704, 65AB>:89 >3>=L A>2@5<5==>3> >@C68O C?@074=8; D@>=B0;L=CN 0B0:C. > D@0=:>-?@CAA:>9 2>9=5, 35@<0=FK >45@6820;8 25;8:85 ?>154K >1E>4>< B>3> 8;8 8=>3> =5?@8OB5;LA:>3> D;0=30 7=0G8B5;L=K<8 A8;0<8. >1548B5;8 2 @CAA:>-O?>=A:>9 2>9=5 =5C:;>==> 8A?>;L7>20;8 B>B 65 <5B>4. C@>:8 ?@8 O>O=5 >:@C68; ;52K9 @CAA:89 D;0=3; 0@<8O 35=5@0;0 >38 1K;0 ?5@51@>H5=0 >B >@B-@BC@0 : C:45=C A?5F80;L=>, GB>1K >1>9B8 =5?@8OB5;O A?@020. $@>=B0;L=0O 0B0:0 >1>94QBAO 704>@>3> 8, A:>@55 2A53>, ?@>20;8BAO 157 >4=>2@5<5==>3> D;0=3>2>3> <0=Q2@0 B0:8< 1K;> >1I55 <=5=85. > B5?5@L =0 D@>=B0E $@0=F88 8 $;0=4@88 2 ?5@2K9 @07 70 2AN ?8A0=CN 8AB>@8N 2>9= ?@>AB> =5 >:070;>AL D;0=3>2. !B0@59H89 87 2>5==KE <0=Q2@>2 AB0; =52>7<>65=. 59B@0;L=0O B5@@8B>@8O 8 A>;Q=0O 2>40 ?@5A5:;8 40;L=59H55 @0A?@>AB@0=5=85 1>52KE ;8=89. 3@><=K5 0@<88 AB>O;8 2?;>B=CN 4@C3 : 4@C3C 8 >1<5=820;8AL A28@5?K<8 273;O40<8 157 2AO:>3> ?@54AB02;5=8O > B><, GB> 45;0BL 40;LH5.

=0ABC?82H8E >1AB>OB5;LAB20E, 2KAH55 :><0=4>20=85 $@0=F88 >1@0B8;>AL 8 C2;5:;> 1@8B0=A:>3> A>N7=8:0 : 157=04Q6=>B25@3=CB>H;K<, 3>@L:8< >?KB>< A@54AB2C D@>=B0;L=>9 0B0:5. 0;> B>3>, GB> A> 2@5-O?>=A:>9 2>9=K A8;0 >3=5AB@5;L=>3> >@C68O C42>8;0AL, CB@>8;0AL 8 @>A;0 A :064K< 4=Q<: =0 ?>;5 1>O ?>O28;0AL :>;NG0O ?@>2>;>:0, 0 2<5AB5 A =59 ?@8H;0 =5>1E>48<>ABL C=8GB>60BL 703@0645=8O ?@5420@8B5;L=K<8 8 4>;38<8 1><10@48@>2:0<8; 2AO:89 H0=A =0 2=570?=>ABL 8AG57. @<88 B>3> 2@5<5=8 =5 <>3;8 CA?5H=> =0ABC?0BL 2> $@0=F88 F5=B@ ?@>@20BL =52>7<>6=>, D;0=3>2 4;O >1E>40 =5B. >5==>5 8A:CAAB2> 70H;> 2 BC?8: 8 =5 4020;> >B25B0; 2>5=0G0;L=8:8 8 35=5@0;L=K5 HB01K 2>?@5:8 2A5?KBC 8 7=0=8O< =5 8<5;8 =8:0:>3> ?;0=0 459AB289 :@><5 >4=>9 ;8HL ;>1>2>9 0B0:8. 48=AB25==>9 AB@0B53859 >AB0;0AL AB@0B538O 87<>@0.

5B 2>9=K :@>2>?@>;8B=55, G5< 2>9=0 =0 8AB>I5=85. 5B ?;0=0 15A?;>4=55, =565;8 ?;0= D@>=B0;L=>9 0B0:8. > 2>5==K5 02B>@8B5BK $@0=F88 8 @8B0=88 >AB0=>28;8AL 8<5==> =0 MB8E <5B>40E 8 B@8 ?>A;54>202H8E 3>40 @0AB>G0;8 F25B =0F89 2 C60A=KE ?>?KB:0E. >;55 B>3>, 1@59 1>9=8 =0 >15A:@>2;820=85 ;53;> =0 ?@>B82=8:>2 @07=>9 BO65ABLN. =3;>-D@0=FC7A:85 =0ABC?;5=8O 1915, 1916 8 1917 3>4>2 :064>5 8, =5A><=5==>, 2 A>2>:C?=>AB8 >1>H;8AL >1>@>=O2H8<0=F0< :C40 :0: 45H52;5 G5< A>N7=8:0<. 87=L =5 <5=O;0AL =0 687=L. 0 :064>3> C18B>3> 2@030 =587<5==> ?@8E>48;>AL ?> 420, 0 B> 8 ?> B@8 A>N7=8G5A:8E A>;40B0. !B@0H=K5 :0;L:C;OF88 ?>:07K20;8, GB> 4;O 7025@H5=8O 45;0 $@0=F88 8 @8B0=88 ?@84QBAO ?>:@KBL =54>AB0GC =5A:>;L:8<8 <8;;8>=0<8 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE 4CH. K;:>5 8 35@>8G5A:>5 =0A5;5=85 A?>;=0 >?;0B8;> 4>:B@8=K 2>5==KE A?5F80;8AB>2. C4CI85 ?>:>;5=8O A>GBCB MB> C60A=K< 8 4065 =525@>OB=K< 45;><.

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

>9=K 2K83@K20NBAO :@>2LN 8 <0=Q2@><. =0<5=8BK5 ?>;:>2>4FK 1>;55 ?>;030;8AL =0 <0=Q2@, G5< =0 :@>2>?@>;8B85. "5>@8O, AB02OI0O 2> 3;02C C3;0 «2>9=C =0 87=C@5=85»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

A:CAAB2> 2>9=K =0AG8BK205B <=>3> 284>2 <0=Q2@0, => 40;5:> =5 2A5 >=8 ?@8<5=ONBAO =0 A0<>< ?>;5 1>O. 0=Q2@ - =5 B>;L:> 42865=85 ?@>B82 D;0=30 8;8 BK;0. 0AGQB 2@5<5=8, 48?;><0B8O, <5E0=8G5A:85 CAB@>9AB20, ?A8E>;>38O 2A5 MB8 <0=Q2@K C40;Q=K >B <5AB0 A@065=8O, => 70G0ABCN 8 A0< >1@07>< 2;8ONB =0 53> 8AE>4; F5;L ;N1>3> 87 =8E C9B8 >B 1>9=8 8 ?@89B8 : @5H5=8N =08;53G09H8< >1@07><. ;O =570H>@5==>3> 27>@0 @07=8FK <564C AB@0B53859 8 ?>;8B8:>9 =5B. ! =5:>B>@>9 2KA>BK 284=>, GB> 8AB8==0O ?>;8B8:0 8 AB@0B538O ACBL >4=> 8 B> 65. >;8B8G5A:89 <0=Q2@ 2>2;5:05B 2 2>9=C A>N7=8:0 ?>;L70, @02=0O :@C?=>9 ?>1545 ?>A;5 C40G=>3> 1>52>3> <0=Q2@0. >65B >:070BLAO, GB> C=OBL 8;8 CAB@0H8BL ?>:0 5IQ =59B@0;L=CN, => >?0A=> =5CAB>9G82CN 45@602C =5 <5=55 ?>;57=>, G5< 2K83@0BL 206=K9 AB@0B538G5A:89 ?C=:B C<5;K< <0=52@8@>20=85<. =0G0;5 2>9=K =0< =5 E20B0;> >1I53> A>25B0, =5:>B>@>9 ?0;0BK 2708<=KE @0AGQB>2, 345 @07=>@>4=K5 A>N7=8G5A:85 F5==>AB8 <>3;8 1K 1KBL 2725H5=K 8 >1<5=5=K. O=20@5 1915 3>40 >1I0O 8 >A=>20B5;L=0O :>=D5@5=F8O 3@0640=A:8E 8 2>5==KE ;845@>2 =B0=BK <>3;0 1K ?@54>B2@0B8BL 157<5@=K5 =5AG0ABLO. 4=0 ;8HL ?5@5?8A:0 =8:>340 =8G53> =5 @5H0;0. ;0AB=K5 ?5@A>=K 4>;6=K 1K;8 A>1@0BLAO 8 2KAB@>8BL A>2<5AB=K5 ?;0=K. <5AB> MB>3>, :064K9 87 A>N7=8:>2 AB0@0;AO 45@60BL A>1AB25==K9 :C@A, ?@54>AB02;OO A>@0B=8:0< ?>;=CN 8;8 =5 >G5=L 8=D>@<0F8N > A2>8E 459AB28OE. @<88 8 D;>BK :064>9 87 45@602 68;8 >B45;L=>9 1>52>9 687=LN. !>N7=8:8 BO=C;8 2>7 2>9=K 2 @07=K5 AB>@>=K. > 2>9=0 548=0, >=0 =545;8<0 <564C D@0=FC70<8, @CAA:8<8 8 1@8B0=F0<8, <564C ACH59, <>@5< 8 2>74CE><, <564C 25@H8B5;O<8 18B2 8 AB@>8B5;O<8 A>N7>2, <564C B@C65=8:0<8 D@>=B0 8 BK;0, <564C ?@>?030=48AB0<8 8 B5E=8:0<8. 48=>5 ?>;5, <5AB> ?@8;>65=8O 2A5E A8; 8 CA8;89 2>5==>3> 2@5<5=8 >15@=C;>AL G5@5A?>;>A8F59. >=04>18;8AL 3>4K 65AB>:8E C@>:>2 ?>:0 ;=>9 <5@5, => =0CG8;8AL :>;;5380;L=> 87CG0BL >1AB0=>2:C, 2<5AB5 @07;840@=> >B4020BL ?@8:07K 8 4@C6=> 459AB2>20BL. 5;L7O ?@8?8AK20BL ;N4O< 0G0;0 @07C<5=85 ;N459 >=F0. < ?@54AB>O;> 2A5 ?>:0 >4=8 <54;5==> CG8;8AL, A>2A5< 4@C385 4>;3> AB@040;8.

0 70?045 45;> 70H;> 2 ?>;=K9 BC?8: 8 2 B> 65 A0<>5 2@51KB8O =0 2>AB>:5 ?@8=O;8 65AB>G09H89 >1>@>B. 3;O=5;3> =0704.

023CAB5 1914 3>40 2KOA=8;>AL, GB> GCBL ;8 =5 2>A5F5=B>2 2A5E =0;8G=KE 35@<0=A:8E A8; 1@>H5=K ?@>B82 $@0=F88, 0 =0 2>AB>:5, C @CAA:8E 3@0=8F >AB0;0AL ;8HL 3>@AB>G:0 2@065A:8E 4828789. @8H;8 1>;LH85 C?>20=8O: A;01K9 2>AB>G=K9 70A;>= <>6=> A<5AB8 8;8 ?@8=C48BL : >BE>4C, 5@<0=8O >B:@KB0 4;O ?@>4>;68B5;L=>3> =0ABC?;5=8O A> AB>@>=K >AA88. A0<0@=A:85 4=8, :>340 ?@8E>48;>AL AG8B0BLAO A 2>7<>6=>9 ?>B5@59 0@860 8 157=04Q6=K< A>?@>B82;5=85< ?> ;8=88 C0@K 9 =0 @CAA:89 :0B>:, 2>>1@060;8, :0: <0AAK A>;40B F0@O :0BOBAO : 0=F83C, @5A;0C, : A5@4FC 35@<0=A:>9 8 ;030;8, GB> ?>AB>O==> =0@0AB0NI55 402;5=85 A 2>AB>:0 >1;53G8B =0H5 ?>;>65=85 8 2K=C48B 35@<0=F52 >B25AB8 0@<88 A 70?04=>3> D@>=B0 =0 70I8BC D0B5@;O=40. K 2845;8, :0: 2 ?5@2K5 65 425 2>5==K5 =545;8 25@=K9 >1O70B5;LAB20< F0@L 3> =0@>40 1@>A8; E@01@K5 @CAA:85 0@<88 2 AB@5<8B5;L=>5 =0ABC?;5=85 =0 >AB>G=CN @CAA8N. K 7=05<, GB> =5@2K 35@<0=A:>3> :><0=4>20=8O =5 2K45@60;8 @CAA:>3> =0B8A:0 8 >;LB:5, 2 A0<0@=A:>3> :@878A0, >B>1@0; >B ?@02>3> :@K;0 =5<5F:8E 0@<89 2 5;L388 420 0@<59A:8E :>@?CA0. >7<>6=>, 8<5==> MB> 8 @5H8;> AC4L1C A@065=8O =0 0@=5 8 5A;8 45;> >1AB>8B B0:   1C4CI85, 1>;55 1;03>40@=K5 ?>:>;5=8O 2>7404CB 4>;6=K5 ?>G5AB8 @CAA:> A>;40B0<.

> >AA8O >?;0B8;0 25;8:>5 4>AB865=85 C60A=>9 F5=>9. 0: B>;L:> 0@<88 AB>;:=C;8AL =0 2>AB>:5, 4C@=><=>3>G8A;5==KE 8 E@01@KE @CAA:8E 2>9A: ?@8H;>AL A>ABO70BLAO A CGQ=K<8 2>5=0G0;L=8:0<8 8 35@<0=A:>9 48AF8?;8=>9. 204F0B8 :020;5@89A:8< 8 ?5E>B=K< 482878O< 5==5=:0 =>20 ?@>B82>AB>O;8 G5BK@=04F0BL 35@<0=A:8E 4828789, => 2> 3;025 <0;5=L:>9, =04Q6=>9 =5<5F:>9 0@<88 AB>O;8 =5?>:>;51848= 35=5@0;-<09>@, B>;L:> GB> >A2>1>482H89AO ?>A;5 CA?5H=>3> 70E20B0 L560. 3> 8:0 =5 =0 A;CEC, => 2A:>@5 2AB0=5B @O4>< A 8<5=0<8 25;8:8E ?>;:>2>4F52 ?@>H;>3>. AB@0H=KE A@065=8OE ?>4 "0==5=15@3>< (25-31 023CAB0) 8 C 07C@A:8E >7Q@ (5-15 A5=BO1@O) @0718B0O 0@<8O !0=>20 ?>B5@O;0 100 000 G5;>25: C18BK<8 8 ?;5==K<8, 0 5==5=:0 ?>@06Q=. 5=LH5 G5< 70 425 =545;8 8=45=1C@3 8 N45=4>@D @0A?@028;8AL A 42C<8O<8, 8 :0640O ?> >B45;L=>AB8 1K;0 A8;L=55, G5< 8E A>1AB25==0O: ?>@078B5;L=>5 ?@54?@8OB85, C4828B5;L=>5 45;> - 548=AB25==> @07C<=K< >1JOA=5=85< :065BAO 87<5=0 2 @CAA:8E @O40E. > 4;O =0H53> @0AA:070 1>;55 2065= @57C;LB0B, ;:=C;8AL A ?>A;54AB28O<8.

CAA:85 0@<88 =0G0;0 2>9=K, ?>:0 5IQ ?>;=K5 A8; 8 E>@>H> M:8?8@>20==K5 =5 <>3;8 A>ABO70BLAO A 35@<0=F0<8, => A>25@H5==> ?@527>H;8 @07=>HQ@AB=K5 2>9A:0 2AB@>-5=35@A:>9 8 @065=89 =0 A525@5, ?@8 "0==5=15@35 8 07C@A:8E >7Q@0E, 0@<88 F0@O ?>H;8 2 0;8F8N 8 70<5G0B5;L=> ?>1548;8 2 G5@545 1C9=KE AE20B>: =0 >1H8@=KE ?@>AB@0=AB20E =0720==KE 18B2>9 ?@8 5<15@35. #A?5E 2 0;8F88 ABG0AB8 C@02=>25A8; =5AG0ABLO =0 A525@5. $@0=FC7A:0O 8 1@8B0=A:0O ?5G0BL @074C;8 ?>154C @CAA:8E 4> B0:>9 AB5?5=8, GB> :0B0AB@>D0 2 >AB>G=>9 @CAA88 ?@>8725;0 =0 ?C1;8:C <0;> 8;8 2>>1I5 =8:0:>3> 2?5G0B;5=8O. 8=45=1C@3 8 N45=4>@D 27O;8 2 A2>8 @C:8 45;> @073@><;5==KE 02AB@89F52, 70=O;8AL C:@5?;5=85< 8 @5>@30=870F859 A>N7=>3> D@>=B0. 0G0;0AL 78<=OO 2>9=0 =0 2>AB>:5. 3@><=K9 D@>=B 42830;AO BC40 8 AN40 2 A=530E 8 3@O78, C40G0 ?>AB>O==> <5=O;0 E>7O8=0, @CAA:85 1>@>;8AL A ?@>B82=8:><. >;>65=85 2> $@0=F88 ?>A;5 0@=K 8 25;8:>5 42865=85 : ?>@B0< 0=0;0 2 >:BO1@5 8 =>O1@5 =5 40;8 35@<0=F0< A=OBL A8;K A 70?040 4;O 2>AB>G=KE 45;. 5@20O :><18=0F8O N45=4>@D0 ?@>B82 0@H02K, 701KG=>9 4;O =53> 45@7>ABLN, >:070;0AL =54 A8;C. 5;8:89 :=O7L >=AB0=B8= C?@O<> 8 C<5;> >B@078; 2@065A:89 =0B8A:, >BE>4 35@<0=F52 ?@8HQ;AO =0 =5>?8AC5<>5 2@5;LA:>9 78 745AL A:070;8AL 2KA>:85 :0G5AB20 =5<5F:8E A>;40B 8 :><0=48@>2: 35@<0=F0< C40;>AL ?@>9B8 A:2>7L ?@52>AE>4OI85 A8;K =5?@8OB5;O. 5A:>;L:> @07 2>9A:0 N45=4>@D0 >:07K20;8AL GCBL ;8 =5 2 ?>;=>< >:@C65=88, => =5?@5<5==>, @5H8B5;L=> 8 2 ?>;=>< ?>@O4:5 2K@K20;8AL 87 >E20B0. CAA:85 ?@>4>;68;8 B5A=8BL 02AB@89F52. IQ 2 =>O1@5 1914 3>40 25;8:89 :=O7L >14C@K2 : A5@4FC 5@<0=88 G5@57 !8;578N.

0B5< ?>;>65=85 A0< >1@07>< ?5@5<5=8;>AL. >AA8O =0G0;0 2>9=C A, ?@81;878B5;L=>, 5 000 >@C489 8 5 000 000 A=0@O4>2. ?5@2K5 B@8 <5AOF0 1>Q2 @CAA:85 0@<88 B@0B8;8 >:>;> 45 000 A=0@O4>2 2 45=L. !>1AB25==K5 D01@8:8 8 3;8 40BL 2>9A:0< 1>;55 55 000 A=0@O4>2 2 <5AOF. =0G0;C 45:01@O 1914 >B 4>2>5==>3> 70?0A0 >AB0;>AL 5420 ;8 300 000 A=0@O4>2 ?>B@51;5=85 >4=>9-548=AB25==>9 =545;8. 2 B>B A0<><5=B, :>340 @CAA:0O 0@<8O 1>;55 G5< :>340-;81> =C640;0AL 2 0@B8;;5@89A:>9 ?>445@6:5, 5Q ?CH:8 70<>;G0;8. @8H;0 8 ;NB0O =C640 2 28=B>2:0E. 65AB>:8E, 15A?>@O4>G=KE, =5?@5@K2=KE 1>OE ?5@2KE B@QE <5AOF52, <8;;8>= 87 ?OB8 A ?>;>28=>9 <8;;8>=>2 28=B>2>: 1K;8 ?>B5@O=K, 70E20G5=K 8;8 C=8GB>65=K. :>=FC 3>40, >AA8O ?>B5@O;0 1 350 000 A>;40B C18BK<8, @0=5=K<8 8;8 ?>;>=Q==K<8. 070@2;5B2>@8B5;L=>5 A=0165=85 A=0@O40<8 =52>7<>6=> 1K;> =0;048BL @0=LH5 <=>38E <5AOF52, 5IQ 1>;LH5 2@5<5=8 4>;6=0 1K;0 70=OBL D01@8:0F8O =5>1E>48<>3> 70?0A0 28=B>2>:, A CGQB>< 8E ACB>G=>3> @0AE>40, 0 ?>:0 @CAA:85 0@<88 - ?0@0;87>20==K5, A ?>4@570==K<8 :@K;LO<8 - 2K6840;8 8 ?@5B5@?520;8 >B 2. >;385 <5AOFK - B0:85 ?5@A?5:B82K >B:@K;8AL 4;O >AA88 8 5Q A>N7=8:>2 5IQ 4> ?5@2>3> 2>5==>3> >645AB20.

@8B0=A:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> C7=0;> >1 8AB8==>< ?>;>65=88 45; 2 =>O1@5 - 45:01@5 >B A2>53> 035=B0 ?@8 @CAA:>< :><0=4>20=88 ?>;:>2=8:0 >:A0, G5;>25:0 @54:>9 ?@>=8F0B5;L=>AB8. 5=5@0; !CE><;8=>2, @CAA:89 2>5==K9 <8=8AB@ <>3 A:>;L:> C3>4=> C?>@AB2>20BL 2 A;5?>< 8;8 ?@5ABC?=>< >?B8<87<5, 0 3;02=K9 HB01 2 5B@>3@045 - 70O2;OBL, GB> «A:>@>ABL @0AE>4>20=8O 1>5?@8?0A>2 =5 2K7K205B >?0A5=89» - B0: @CAA:85 >B25B8;8 =0 B@52>6=K5 45?5H8 >DD@0 2 :>=F5 A5=BO1@O; 25;8:89 :=O7L B@C48;AO =0 ?>;5 1>O 8, 25@>OB=>, =5 2540;, GB> 75<;O >AK?05BAO ?>4 53> =>30<8, => C60A=K5 B09=K @CAA:>9 04<8=8AB@0F88 =5 CH;8 >B 15A?>I04=>3>, 8A?KBCNI53> 27>@0 >:A0. /A=K5 8 65AB>:85 A>>1I5=8O ?>;:>2=8:0 >B:@K;8 =0< 3;070, 8 53> <@0G=K5 ?@>@>G5AB20 >1@CH8;8AL =0 =0A 2 ?>A;54=85 =545;8 1914 3>40.

@5<5=0<8 <0;8, GB> >AA8O =5 CA?55B ?5@52>>@C68BLAO 8 1C45B @0718B0 =0 G0AB8. 0?04=K9 D@>=B ?@51K20; 2 BC?8:5. >DD@ >AB0=>28;AO =0 <5B>45 >B:CAK20=8O» - "Je les grignote" 8 CA048; HB01 70 ?;0=8@>20=85 D@>=B0;L=KE 0B0: A =0ABC?;5=85< 25A=K. >AA8O, A 5Q =58AG5@?05<8 8 ?@>4>2>;LAB25==K<8 70?0A0<8 <>3;0 @CE=CBL A>2A5< 8;8 @0720;8BLAO =0 G0AB8 0 2A;54 70 :@0E>< >AA88 2AO B52B>=A:0O <>IL >1@CH820;0AL =0 87=5<>30NICN $@0=F8N 8 =0 @8B0=8N A 5Q =5?>43>B>2;5==K<8 0@<8O<8. ;CGH5< A;CG05, =0H5N7=8:C ?@54AB>O; 4>;389 ?5@8>4 A;01>AB8, ?0@0;8G0, >BABC?;5=8O.

8:B> =5 A?>A>15= 87<5@8BL 3;C18=C @0725@7H59AO ?5@54 =0<8 ?@>?0AB8. 0 2>AB>:5 CAB0=>28;AO A?;>H=>9 D@>=B, => MB> =5 1K;8 ;8=88 70?04=>3> >1@07F0. C40 :0: 1>;LH85 @0AAB>O=8O, <=>3> EC4H85 :><1>@>=K A >158E AB>@>=. "0:>9 D@>=B <>3;0 A@20BL ;N10O @5H8B5;L=0O 0B0:0 8 G5< 1K >B25B8;8 @CAA:85, A 8E A:C4>ABLN 0@B8;;5@89A:8E A@54AB2, =8GB>6=> <0;K< G8A;>< ?C;52, ?@8 2AQ 2>7@0AB0NI59 =5E20B:5 28=B>2>:? >;55 B>3>, 2 =>O1@5, :>340 ?>;>65=85 2>9A: F0@O :@8B8G5A:8 >BO3G8;>AL, :>340 C =8E 70:>=G8;>AL 1>52>5 A=0@O65=85 2A5E 284>2, 0B0:0 BC@5F:8E 0@<89 2K=C48;0 >AA8N >B:@KBL =>2K9 D@>=B =0 02:075.

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

"0:>2K >A=>2=K5 D0:BK, 548=AB25==> >?@545;82H85 AB@0B538N 8 ?>;8B8:C 1915 3>40.

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

5@E>2=>5 :><0=4>20=85 $@0=F88 60;>20;>AL =0 =52>7<>6=>ABL >1>9B8 2@030 2 B> 2@5340 =51>8E D;0=30E. "@8 O@:8E D0:B0 2>5==>9 A8BC0F88 =0G0;0 1915 3>40: 2>-?5@2KE, BC?8: =0 70?045 - 3;02=>< 8 F5=B@0;L=>< B50B@5; 2>-2B>@KE, A@>G=0O =5>1E>48<>ABL 2K9B8 87 BC?8:0 4> ?>@065=8O >AA88; 2-B@5BL8E, 2>7<>6=>ABL ?@>25AB8 :><18=8@>20==CN <>@A:CN, =075<=CN, ?>;8B8:>-AB@0B538G5A:CN - >?5@0F8N 7=0G8B5;L=KE <0AHB01>2 =0 ;N1>< 87 D;0=3>2 8 B5< 2K9B8 87 BC?8:0.

@>254Q< ?@5420@8B5;L=K9 8 153;K9 >A<>B@ ?>;>65=8O =0 :064>< 87 D;0=3>2 ;8=88 D@>=B0.

0 A525@=>< D;0=35 @0A?>;>68;8AL 3@C??0 <0;>G8A;5==KE, => 4>2. =8 >B4020;8 4>;6=>5 =5<5F:>9 <>I8 8 1K;8 A2O70=K A 5@<0=859 <=>38<8 C70<8, => =5 65;0;8 >:070BLAO 20AA0;0<8 5@;8=0 ?>A;5 =5<5F:>9 ?>154K, 8 AB@0H8;8AL CG0AB8 >::C?8@>20==>9 5;L388. >;;0=48O, >B<>18;87>20==0O 8 ?@8 ?>;=>< 2>>@C65=88, 2AB0;0 B@52>6=>9 AB@0659 =0 3@0=8F0E >B5G5AB20. 0=8O, 2>@>B0 =0 0;B8:C, >AB020;0AL ?@0:B8G5A:8 15770I8B=>9. >@2538O 8 (25F8O >?0A0;8AL >AA88 =5 <5=LH5 5@<0=88. K;> 1K =525@=> 2?CB0BL ;N1CN 87 MB8E AB@0= 2 2>9=C, =5 ?@54>AB0282 70I8BK =0 <>@5 8 =0 ACH5; @5GL <>3;0 84B8 ;8HL > A>N75 2A5E A525@=KE 45@602, 8 ?@8 B0:>< CA;>288 5@<0=8O ?>?040;0 2 157=04Q6=>5 ?>;>65=85. >;;0=48O @0A?>;030;0 A>;84=>9 0@<859, 5Q >AB@>20 ?@54>AB02;O;8 1@8B0=A:>BC 15AF5==K5 AB@0B538G5A:85 ?@58<>3;0 >B:@KBL <>@A:CN 425@L =0 0;B8:C, 0 3>A?>4AB2> A>N7=8:>2 =0 0;B89A:>< <>@5 >7=0G0;> ?@O<>9 :>=B0:B A >AA859. ">340 5@<0=8O >:07K20;0AL 2 ?>;=>9 1;>:045 A ?>AB>O==> >B:@KBK< 4;O @CAA:>3> 2B>@65=8O A525@=K< ?>15@56L5<.

.6=K9 D;0=3 >:07K20;AO 4065 ?5@A?5:B82=55 A525@=>3>.[2]

"0< @0A?>;030;0AL 35@>8G5A:0O !5@18O, 42064K >B182H0O 02AB@89A:>5 2B>@65=85. "0< ?@>AB8@0;0AL "C@F8O A;010O, @07>1IQ==0O, 4C@=> C?@02;O5<0O AB@0=0, 70?>740;> >1JO282H0O 2>9=C A>N7=8:0<. >A;5 =5402=59 2>9=K B@8 2>8=AB25==K5 45@602K 0;:0= @5F8O, !5@18O 8 C9 >;30@88, => 2A5 G5BK@5 >AB0;8AL 5AB5AB25==K<8 2@030<8 "C@F88, 2AB@88 8 B@048F8>==K<8 4@C7LO<8 @8B0=88. ><8<> ?@>G53>, G5B2Q@:0 AB@0= @0A?>;030;0 >@30=87>20==K<8 0@<8O<8 >1I8< G8A;>< 2 1 100 000 1>9F>2 (!5@18O 250 000, @5F8O 200 000, >;30@8O 300 000, C<55BAO, :C40 :0: 1>;LH8<8 ;N4A:8<8 70?0A0<8 4;O 2>9=K. =8 2K@20;8 C "C@F88 A2>1>4C ?>A;5 <=>3>25:>2>3> 3=QB0. =8 <>3;8 @0AH8@8BLAO ;8HL 70 AGQB 2AB@88 8 "C@F88. B> 2@5<5@BL 4@0;0AL A 2AB@859, >;30@8O 0;G=> ?>3;O4K20;0 =0 4@80=>?>;L, =0 ;8=8N -=>A-848O 8, :>=5G=> 65, =0 >=AB0=B8=>?>;L. "> 65 8 D8=K: <=>65AB2> 3@5:>2 >AB0;>AL ?>4 BC@5F:8< O@<><, ;N48 3@5G5A:>9 :@>28 ?@5>1;040;8 2 =0A5;5=88 1>30B59H8E ?@>28=F89 8 >AB@>2>2 BC@5F:>9 8 AB028;8 CA>18FC 8, ?>4 @C:>2>4AB2>< @8B0=88, 2ABC?8;8 1K 2 2>9=C ?@>B82 "C@F88 8 2AB@88, A:>@>5 ?045=85 "C@F88 1K;> 1K >15A?5G5=>: >BB><0=K, >B@570==K5 >B 2A5E A2>8E A>N7=8:>2, ?>4?8A0;8 1K A5?0@0B=K9 <8@ C65 2 1915 3>4C, 0 =0 A;54CNI89 3>4 A>548=Q==K5 A8;K 0;:0=A:>9 D545@0F88 C40@8;8 1K ?> 2AB@88 A=87C. F5=8< A8;K >A<0=A:>9 8 25:; 5A;8 < A 0;:0= MB>B 2@06451=K9 D0:B>@ 8 >4=>2@5<5==> ?@84Q< =0 ?>;C>AB@>2 A =>2>9, <8;;8>==>9, 0@<859 B>, 2 A>2>:C?=>AB8, CA8;8B82 5@<0=88 8 2AB@88 =0 >48= 8 B@8 G5B25@B8 <8;;8>=0 A>;40B. @>AB>9 @0AGQB - B=O;8 C 2@030 700 000 1>9F>2 8 4>1028;8 1>;55 1 000 000 : =0H59 AB>@>=5. >4>1=K9 >1<5= A8;0<8 =5A><=5==0O 8 ?5@2>:;0AA=0O 2>5==0O F5;L.

B> 65 A0<>5 2@51J548=5=85 0;:0= 8 ?>E>4 =0 "C@F8N =5 <>3;8 >AB028BL B0;8N @02=>4CH=>9. K 7=0;8 > A5@45G=>9 A:;>==>AB8 8<0 : A>N7=8:0<, 2 >A>15==>AB8 : @8B0=88. B0;8O B@048F8>==> 2@064>20;0 A 2AB@859 8 8<5;0 >1H8@=K5 8=B5@5AK =0 B5@@8B>@8OE =5?@8OB5;O - 0;:0=A:>< ?>;C>AB@>25, :>=B8=5=B0;L=KE 75<;OE "C@F88, A@548 BC@5F:8E >AB@>2>2. 5AL<0 25@>OB=>, @5H8B5;L=K5 8 CA?5H=K5 459AB28O 5;8:>1@8B0=88 =0 N6=>< D;0=35 2K=C48;8 1K B0;8N, ?5@2>:;0AA=CN 45@602C A 42CE<8;;8>==>9 0@<859 2>9B8 2 5;8:CN 2>9=C 8 2KABC?8BL =0 =0H59 AB>@>=5.

#A?5E 2KA04:8 8;8 2B>@65=8O A <>@O 7028A8B >B A2>52@5<5==>9 ?>40G8 =0 ?;0F40@< ?@52>AE>4OI8E A8; 8 >B 2>7<>6=>AB8 ?>AB>O==> >13>=OBL =5?@8OB5;O 2 4>AB02:5 ?>4:@5?;5=89. ">340 =075<=0O >1>@>=0 >:07K205BAO 2 :@09=5 =52K3>4=>< ?>;>65=88. 065 ?>A;5 2KE>40 M:A?548F88 2 <>@5 =8:B> =5 A?>A>15= ?@54A:070BL B>G=>3> <5AB0 2KA04:8. &5=B@0;L=K5 45@602K 8<5;8 ?@58 >?5@8@>20=8O ?> 2=CB@5==8< ;8=8O<, => =5 <>3;8 ?@527>9B8 =5A@02=5==CN ?>4286=>ABL <>@A:8E A8;. B5G5=85 2A53> 1915 3>40 @8B0=8O <>3;0 ?5@51@>A8BL 250 000 G5;>25: (5A;8 1K >=8 =0H;8AL) : ;N1K< ?@83>4=K< 4;O 2KA04:8 <5AB0< =0 15@530E >AB>G=>3> !@54875<=><>@LO. 5@<0=FK 8 02AB@89FK <>3;8 4>AB028BL @02=>5 G8A;> A>;40B 70 B> 65 2@5< 65 ?C=:B0<. > 4> A0<>9 ?>A;54=59 <8=CBK 2K1@0==>5 <5AB> 45A0=B8@>20=8O >AB0;>AL 1K 4;O 2@030 B09=>9. 5B A><=5=89, =5?@8OB5;L C7=0; 1K > ?>43>B>2:5 M:A?548F8>==KE G0AB59 8 B@0=A?>@B>2. > >= =5 <>3 7=0BL, :C40 >=8 ?>94CB - =0 N3 8;8 =0 A525@ 4> A0<>3> 2KE>40 :>=2>O 2 <>@5. B0:>9 =5>?@545;Q==>AB8 =52>7<>6=> 701;03>2@5<5==> ?>43>B>28BL >1>@>=C. 5 2B>@65=85 4>?CA:05B 2K18@0BL <564C =5A:>;L:8<8 0;LB5@=0B82=K<8 ?;0=0<8 4> A0<>3> ?>A;54=53> <><5=B0. K <>65< A45;0BL 284, GB> 84Q< =0 A525@ 8 70B5< ?>25@=CBL =0 N3. K <>65< 87<5=8BL =0<5@5=8O 2 ?>A;54=NN <8=CBC. K <>65< ?@8<5=8BL 2A5 C;>2:8 8 E8B@>AB8 2>9=K. @54?>;>68<, GB> =5?@8OB5;L C:@5?8; A525@=K9 D;0=3 MB> 2A53> ;8HL ?@8G8=0 0B0:>20BL N6=K9 8 =0>1>@>B. B0:, >1>@>=ONI5AB0QBAO B>;L:> >4=>: ?>2@5<5=8BL A> 2A5<8 @5H5=8O<8 4> C40@0. 0B5< 8 B>;L:> 70B5< >= <>65B 42830BL 0@<88 : <5ABC @07@0782H53>AO 459AB28O. 065 5A;8 4>@>38 A2>1>4=K 0 =0 N6=>< D;0=35 MB>3> =5 1K;> 42865=85 7=0G8B5;L=KE 0@<89, >1>7>2, >@30=870F8O =>2>3> B50B@0 709<5AOFK. 'B> <>65B ?@54?@8=OBL 70 MB> 2@5<>@O AB>@>=0? @>428=CBLAO 2?5@Q4, 70=OBL :0:85-B> ?>78F88, 2KAB@>8BL >1>@>=C, =0:>?8BL 70?0AK, @073@><8BL 8 C=8GB>68BL ?@>B82=8:0 >:>;> ?;0F40@<0, ?@82;5GL : 45;C A>N7=8:>2? AQ MB> 1K;> 2 =0H8E @C:0E 25A=>9 8 ;5B>< 1915.

> <5@5 40;L=59H53> E>40 2>9=K, H0=AK ?>AB>O==> ?040;8, 0 B@C4=>AB8 @>A;8. >A5=8 1915 2KG5@?0==K5 <=>38<8 70?@>A0<8 @5AC@AK 1@8B0=A:>3> B>@3>2>3> D;>B0 C65 =5 <>3;8 A?@028BLAO A ?5@52>7:0<8 =0 N6=K9 B50B@ 8 >15A?5G8BL B0< =5>1E>48<>5 4;O 1KAB@>9 ?>154K G8A;> A>;40B. @545; 8<55B 2AQ, 4065 <>@A:0O A8;0 5;8:>9 AB>O==K5 B@51>20=8O B>==060, =>2K5 0B0:8 8 =>2K5 ?>B5@8 4>25;8 =0A 4> :@09=>AB8. > ?8: <>@A:>9 <>I8 ?@8HQ;AO =0 1915 3>4. <5==> B>340 >B:@K;0AL 25;8:0O ?5@A?5:B820.

1AB>OB5;LAB20 A;>68;8AL B0:, GB> <>3;8 ?@8<5=8BL =0 45;5 420 70<5G0B5;L=KE ?;0=0 8 @072O70BL :@>202K9 70?04=K9 C75; A8;>9 <>@A:>3> >@C68O. 10 B52B>=A:8E D;0=30 C?8@0;8AL 2 70<:=CBK5 A@548 75<5;L 2>4K, >10 A?>A>10 459AB289 ?@54?>;030;8 ?@>@K2 8 3>A?>4AB2> =0 <>@5. >1>8E A;CG0OE <>9 :>=B0:B A >AA859 8 2K@CG0;8 2>AB>G=>3> A>N7=8:0 87 A<5@B5;L=>9 87>;OF88. 10 =0G8=0=8O <>3;8 1K A0< >1@07>< ?>2;8OBL =0 ?>2545=85 3@C??K =59B@0;L=KE AB@0=. A;CG05 CA?5E0, 8 A525@=K9 8 N6=K9 ?@>@K2K ?@>45;0;8 1K =>2CN, >3@><=CN ?@>@5EC 2 @5AC@A0E B52B>=A:>9 8 2K1@0BL: 845@;0=4K, 0=8N, >@2538N, (25F8N 8;8 @5F8N, >;30@8N 8 C< 42865=88 >AB0=>28BLAO: G5@57 5;LBK 2 0;B8:C 8;8 G5@57 0@40=5;;K, : >=AB0=B8=>?>;N, 2 'Q@=>5 <>@5?

5B A><=5=89, >15 AE520==K 4;O 8A?>;=8B5;59 8 BO65;K 4;O @07@01>BG8:>2. @84QBAO ?@8;>68BL 8A:;NG8B5;L=K5 CA8;8O 8 @5H8BLAO =0 =5A><=5==K5 ?>B5@8. > 5A;8 =0 >4=>9 G0H5 25A>2 @8A:, CA8;8O 8 ?>B5@8, B> =0 4@C3>9 BO6Q;K5 ?>A;54AB28O >?0A=>3> 157459AB28O. CABL G8B0B5;L =5 B>@>?8BLAO =07K20BL ?;0=K ?@>@K20 =0 0;B8:C 8;8 D>@A8@>20=8O 0@40=5;; «>?0A=K<8» 8;8 =5?@0:B8G=K<8; ?CABL 2>745@68BAO >B O@;K:0 «=5>A=>20B5;L=K5» =0 ?;0=0E 2B>@65=8O 2 (;57283->;LHB59=, 2KA04:8 0@<88 =0 0;:0=A:89 ?>;C>AB@>2 8;8 0;;8?>;8, => ?@5645 2A?><=8B :@>202CN 1>9=N ?@8 >>A5, !><5 =5AG0ABL5 0?>@5BB>; ?CABL >= 704C<05BAO > 21 <0@B0 1918 3>40, > @52>;NF88 2 >AA88, 153AB25 A>N7=8:0 A ?>;O 1>O, > AB@0H=>9 ?>42>4=>9 2>9=5 1917 3>40. -B> 548=AB25==K9 D>=, =0 :>B>@>< A;54C5B @0AA<0B@820BL ?;0=K =5>6840==KE 8 A;>6=KE <0=Q2@>2, =0H8 AB0@0=8O ?>AB@>8BL 8 ?@8<5=8BL =>2K5 <0H8=K. AQ MB> ?>?KB:8 ?@89B8 : ?>1545 :@0BG09H8< ?CBQ<.

?8A0==K5 2KH5 0;LB5@=0B82K - A;>6=K5 8 48A:CAA8>==K5 =587156=> A;54CNB 87 =5:>B>@KE :;NG52KE ?>AK;>:. A;8 ?>=OBL 8 A>3;0A8BLAO A =8<8, 2K2>4 ?>A;54C5B 5AB5AB25==K< >1@07>< 8 :0640O Q <5AB> 2 ?@>G=>9 A2O78 A> 2A5<8 >AB0;L=K<8. / ?@8254C MB8 AC645=8O BCB 65.

 

0 ACH5.

1. 5H0NI89 B50B@ 2>5==KE 459AB289 <5AB>, 345 2 =5:>B>@>5 2@5<>6=> 4>18BLAO =0ACI=>3> @5H5=8O. ;02=K9 B50B@ <5AB>, 345 =0E>4OBAO 3;02=K5 A8;K 0@<88 8;8 D;>B0. ;02=K9 B50B@ =5 2A5340 @5H0NI89.

2. A;8 D@>=B 8;8 F5=B@ 0@<89 =5 <>65B 1KBL ?@>@20=, =5>1E>48<> >1>9B8 D;0=38. A;8 D;0=38 C?8@0NBAO 2 <>@O, >1E>4 4>;65= >?5@5BLAO =0 <>@A:CN A8;C 8 AB0BL 0<.

3. B0:>20BL A;54C5B =5 A078F8N, => ?>78F8N, 70I8IQ==CN =08EC4H8< >1@07><.

4. A;8 A8;L=59H0O 87 45@602 2 =5:>B>@>< 2@065A:>< A>N75 =5CO728<0, => =5 A?>A>1=0 CAB>OBL 157 A;0159H53> A>N7=8:0 =04> 0B0:>20BL A;0159H53>.

5. 5;L7O =0G8=0BL =075<=>5 =0ABC?;5=85, ?>:0 =5B MDD5:B82=KE A@54AB2 4>25AB8 53> 4> :>=F0 2>9A: ?>4>10NI59 G8A;5==>AB8, 1>5?@8?0A>2, <5E0=8G5A:8E CAB@>9AB2.

 

0 <>@5.

1. 5;L7O @8A:>20BL @0=4 $;8B>< 8=0G5 :0: 2 35=5@0;L=>< <>@A:>< A@065=88.

2. >9=C =0 <>@5 =5>1E>48<> @5H8BL :0: <>6=> A:>@55.

3. 71KB>G=K5 A8;K D;>B0 4>;6=K 0:B82=> ?><>30BL 0@<88.

 

/ A;54>20; MB8<8 ?@028;0< 2AN 2>9=C. 5A><=5==>, >=8 84CB 2@07@57 A 3>A?>4AB2CNI8< 2>5==K< <=5=85< 8, 2 :0:>9-B> AB5?5=8, @0AE>4OBAO 8 A <>@A:>9 ?@0:B8:>9. 1 8E >?@0240=88 45;>< AC48BL =5 <=5, => 8AB>@8O 2>9=K ?@54>AB02;O5B <=>65AB2> ?@8<5@>2 8E ?@8<5=5=8O =0 ?@0:B8:5 8;8 >B:070 >B C:070==KE ?@8=F8?>2 B>9 8;8 4@C3>9 AB>@>=>9 A> 2A5< 8725AB=K<8 ?>A;54AB28O<8.


;020 19. @>8AE>645=85 B0=:>2 8 4K<>2.

! A0<>3> =0G0;0 2>9=K <5E0=87?5@0B82=>9 >1AB0=>2:>9 7025;8 459AB28O =0 ACH5 8 =0 <>@5 2 157KAE>4=K9 BC?8:. ">@?54=0O 8 <8==0O C3@>7K ?0@0;87>20;8 3>A?>4AB2CNI89 D;>B. C;520;8 : <5ABC A8;L=59HCN 87 0@<89. N48 8 :>@01;8 =5 <>3;8 2K9B8 C65 8 =0 8AE>4=K5 4;O 0B0: ?>78F88: ?>B>:8 ?C;L 8 ?>42>4=K5 27@K2K ?>@060;8 8E C65 2 ?CB8. >B 3;02=>5 7;>, ?@8G8=0 2A5E 2>5==KE ?5@54@O3. 0< 1K;> 15A?>;57=> 8A:0BL A?0A5=8O 2 3020=OE 8;8 A:0@<;820BL ?C;53=N =58<>25@=>5 G8A;> <>3;8 >4>;5BL ;8HL 8=65=5@=K5 <5@K. >1540 =04 <5E0=8G5A:8< 7;>< 2>72@0B8;0 1K <>3CI5AB25==>BC 8 A8;L=59H59 0@<88 5AB5AB25==>5 ?@02> =0 =0ABC?;5=85, => ?>:0 <5E0=87@65AB2>20;8 <>@O:8 8 A>;40BK AB@040;8 =0?@0A=>. 0: B>;L:> 8;8 MB>B D0:B - 3;02=CN ?@8G8=C 2>5==KE 70B@C4=5=89, 4>?>4;8==> >B:@K2HCNAO 2 :>=F5 1914 3>40 - 40;L=59H85 @0AAC645=8O =5 A>AB028;8 B@C40. >;6=> 1K;> 87>1@5AB8 =5GB>, ?@54>E@0=ONI55 :>@01;8 >B B>@?54, 0 A>;40B >B =C64K ?>4AB02;OBL =570I8IQ==>5 B5;> ?>4 ?>B>: ?C;53> A28=F0. ">@?540 8;8 <8=0 ?@>45;K20NB 4K@C 2 4=5 AC4=0, 548=AB25==0O ?C;O 87 =5AGQB=>3> ?>B>:0, 8725@305<>3> 1>52>9 AB@5;:>2>9 <0H8=>9 A?>A>1=0 A<5@B5;L=> ?>@078BL G5;>25:0 2>B 2>?8NI55, 157>1@07=>5 7;>, AB>OI55 <56 =0<8 8 ?>154>9; 53> =5;L7O ?@>83=>@8@>20BL, => =04> >A8;8BL. 5H5=85 =0H;>AL 8 >:070;>AL AB>;L ?@>ABK<, GB> <5AOF0<8 8 4065 3>40<8 =5 2>A?@8=8<0;>AL 2A5@LQ7 8 >B25@30;>AL 254CI8<8 2>5==K<8 8 2>5==>-<>@A:8<8 A?5F80;8AB0<8.

A;8 >1>9B8AL 157 ?>4@>1=>AB59: 4>AB0B>G=> ?><5AB8BL ;8AB B>=:>9 AB0;8 <564C 1>@B>< AC4=0 8 ?@81;860NI59AO B>@?54>9 8;8 <564C B5;>< 8 ;5BOI59 ?C;59.

>B >=, D8;>A>DA:89 :0<5=L, A@54AB2> 2K83@0BL 2>9=C C65 2 1915 3>4C! > 2 =53> =8:B> =5 ?>25@8;. #=825@A0;L=K9, 15AF5==K9, GC4>B2>@=K9 :;NG ;560; ?>4 =>30<8, => GCBL ;8 =8 2A5 >B25BAB25==K5 8 ?>;=><>G=K5 A?5F80;8ABK A<>B@5;8 =0 ?0=0F5N =5284OI8< 27>@><. 7@OG8<8 >:070;8AL A>;40BK, <>@O:8, 0280B>@K, 3@0640=A:>5 =0A5;5=85, ;N48 4@C3>3> >1I5AB25==>3> A;>O, 40;Q:85 >B AD5@ >@B>4>:A0;L=KE <=5=89; 8<-B> 8 ?@8H;>AL 4>;3> 1>@>BLAO, => >=8 ?>1548;8 8 70AB028;8 2;0ABL 84=OBL 8 8A?>;L7>20BL :;NG.

:>=5G=>< AGQB5, 2AQ C40;>AL. $;>B =0G0; ?5@2K<, 45;0 =0 ACH5 H;8 A 70B@C4=5=8O<8. >=8B>@K 8 AC40 A ?@>B82><8==K<8 =045;:0<8 (1C;O<8 8 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

040G0 =09B8 A?>A>1 0B0:8 =0 <>@5 8 =0 ACH5 B5A=59H8< >1@07>< A< 206=K< ?@54<5B>< :0: 4K<. @>AB>5 8 >G5284=>5 A@54AB2>: A>740BL 8A:CAAB25==K9 BC<0=, =0:@KBL 8< 0B0:C5<5AB=>AB8, A:@KBL >B 2@030 ?5@542865=8O ;N459 8;8 :>@01;59, ;8H8BL =5?@8OB5;O 2>7<>6=>AB8 ?@8F5;8BLAO. K< 2KABC?0; A>N7=8:>< 8 B>20@8I5< AB0;L=>9 1@>=8. @>=O 8 4K< H;8 @C:0 >1 @C:C, CA8;820OAL >1>N4=>.

K<>20O 7025A0 <>3;0 ?>;CG8BL 40;L=59H55, 7;>25I55 @0728B85 O4>28BK5 307K, 8A?0@5=8O, =5 B>;L:> 70ABOI85 27>@, => 2K540NI85 3;070; BC<0=, =5 B>;L:> >A;5?;ONI89, => 8 4CH0I89 ?C;5

A5 MB8 ;CG8;8 B>G=K5 D>@2:8 5IQ 4> :>=F0 1914 3>40.

?5@2K5 =545;8 2>9=K, 4<8@0;B59AB2C ?>@CG8;8 70I8I0BL @8B0=8N >B 0280=0;QB>2. @03 <>3 @07<5AB8BL F5??5;8=K 8 0M@>?;0=K =0 >::C?8@>20==KE 75<;OE ?>B@51>20;8AL :>=B@<5@K 8 A;0;8 1@8B0=A:85 0280F8>==K5 MA:04@8;L8 =0 15@530 $@0=F88 8 5;L388 A 107>9 2 N=:5@:5. A2>N >G5@54L, 70I8B0 ?>=04>18;0AL 8 2K428=CBK< 2?5@Q4 >B@O40< <>@A:>9 0280F88: B>340 4<8@0;B59AB2> AD>@<8@>20;> 1@>=502B><>18;L=K5 G0AB8. @03, >H0@0H5==K9 ?>O2;5=85< 1@>=502B><>18;59, ?5@5:>?0; 4>@>38 @20<8, 8 O =5<54;5==> ?>B@51>20; =09B8 A@54AB2> 4;O 42865=8O ?> @KB28=0<. @>=502B><>18;8 <=>68;8AL 8 AB0;8 7=0G8<>9 A8;>9; B5< 2@5<5=5< ;8=88 D@>=B>2KE B@0=H59 4>?>;7;8 4> <>@O, =5 >AB0282 ?@>AB@0=AB20 4;O <0=52@0 8 D;0=3>2 4;O >1E>40. > 5A;8 >1>9B8 B@0=H58 =5;L7O, =04> =09B8 A@54AB2> 4;O ?@>E>40 =04 =8<8, ?>25@EC. B0:, 2>9=0 2 2>74CE5 ?@825;0 =0A 2 N=:5@:. 0;55 >4=> ?>A;54>20;> 70 4@C38<: 1@>=502B><>18;8 AB0;8 45BL<8 2>74CE0; B0=:8 2=C:0<8. "0: >1AB>O;8 45;0 =0 2B>@CN =545;N >:BO1@O 1914 3>40.

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

5=5@0; D>= >=>?, =0G0;L=8: 0@B8;;5@88 (35=5@0;-D5;L4F59E<59AB5@), :>;510;AO 2 >F5=:5 «0@B8;;5@89A:>3> =>2H5AB20» 8 2K:070; A><=5=8O 2 2>7<>6=>AB8 ?@>8725AB8 8 8A?>;L7>20BL ?>4>1=>5 >@C485. > 8BG5=5@ C2;Q:AO 84559 8 ?@8:070; =570<54;8B5;L=> 873>B>28BL 30C18FK. / ?>>15I0; M:>=C :><0=4>20=85 =04 >@C48O<8 2> $@0=F88, 5A;8 >= C;>68BAO 2 70O2;5==K5, =51K20;> :>@>B:85 A@>:8. K 70:070;8 30C18FK B>;L:> ?>A;5 ?045=8O 0 04<8@0; 24>E=>28;AO <>8< ?>AC;><, >15A?5G8; 2KA>G09HCN A:>@>ABL ?@>872>4AB20 8 ?5@2K5 87 MB8E GC4>28I 40;8 2KAB@5;K C65 2 A@065=88 ?@8 52-(0?5;5.

/ ?>;CG0; 45B0;L=K5 >BGQBK > :>=AB@C8@>20=88 8 E>45 ?@>872>4AB20 8 A@07C 65 C2845;, GB> 30C18F0, 1>570?0A 8 ?;0BD>@<0 4>AB02;ONBAO =0 ?>;5 1>O ?> G0ABO<, 2>A53@><=K<8 3CA5=8G=K<8 B@0:B>@0<8. >I=K5 BO30G8 2K3;O45;8 <=>3>>15I0NI5; :>340 2 >:BO1@5 04<8@0; M:>= ?>:070; <=5 G5@B568, O =5<54;5==> >A254><8;AO: A?>A>1=K ;8 87>1@06Q==K5 =0 =8E B@0:B>@0 ?5@5A5:0BL B@0=H58 A A>;40B0<8 8 ?CH:0<8 =0 1>@BC? 5;L7O ;8 8E 4;O MB>3> ?@8A?>A>18BL? K >1AC48;8 2>?@>A, 8 04<8@0; @07@01>B0; MA:87K 3CA5=8G=>3> B@0:B>@0 A 2>78@B0B82=K< <>AB><: >= C:;04K20;AO ?>?5@Q: B@0=H58 8 2>72@0I0;AO =0 B@0:B>@ ?>A;5 ?@>E>40 G5@57 ?@5?OBAB285. =0G0;5 =>O1@O 1914 3>40 O ?@54AB028; G5@B568 8BG5=5@C 8 $@5=GC 8 ?>@CG8; M:>=C 873>B>28BL >?KB=K9 >1@075F <0H8=K. 13 D52@0;O 1915 3>40 ?@>H;8 >1=04Q6820NI85 8A?KB0=8O, 8 O 70:070; B@84F0BL CAB@>9AB2. >5==>5 254> >?@>1>20;> ?5@2K9 B@0:B>@ A <>AB8:>< ;8HL 2 <05 8 >B25@3;> 53> <0H8=0 =5 A<>3;0 A?CAB8BLAO A G5BK@QEDCB>2>3> 20;0, ?@5>4>;5BL 2>4=CN ?@53@04C B@QEDCB>2>9 3;C18=K (4> :>=F0 2>9=K =8 >48= B0=: =5 >4>;5; 8 DCB0) 8 =5 >B25B8;0 8=K< - 25AL<0 6QAB:8< 8 A>25@H5==> =04C<0==K< B@51>20=8O<.

/, 2?@>G5<, 8 A0< >B<5=8; 70:07 =0 B@84F0BL <0H8= 5IQ 4> 8A?KB0=89 : B><5=8 8 A>25@H5==> 8=K<8 ?CBO<8 =AB@C:F88. "0: 70:>=G8;0AL ?5@20O 87 ?>?KB>: A>740BL 4;O 5;8:>9 2>9=K B0=: - 1>52CN <0H8=C A> A?>A>1=>ABLN ?@5>4>;520BL B@0=H58.

B>@0O ?>?KB:0 A>740BL B0=: 8 4>18BLAO >B 0@<88 ?>;>68B5;L=>3> : =5B=>H5=8O @072820;0AL B0::

>;:>2=8: !28=B>=, =01;N40B5;L 8 >D8F80;L=K9 :>@@5A?>=45=B, ?@8:><0=48@>20==K9 : AB02:5 D@0=FC7A:>3> 3;02=>3> :><0=4>20=8O, =5 2540; > 2KH5>?8A0==KE @01>B0E 8 @07 2 A5@548=5 8;8 :>=F5 =>O1@O 1914 3>40 >A>7=0; =5>1E>48<>ABL ?>4>1=>3> >@C68O 8 ?@54AB028; 53> 3;02=K5 G5@BK. = ?>45;8;AO <8 A ?>;:>2=8:>< %M=:8.[3] :>=F5 45:01@O, %M=:8 @07>A;0; >B25BAB25==K< 70 E>4 2>9=K G;5=0< 018=5B0 70?8A:C > =5>1E>48<>AB8 A=0148BL D@>=B B0=:0<8.

> 2@5<5=8 ?>O2;5=8O 70?8A:8 %M=:8 04<8@0; M:>= @01>B0; =04 >?KB=K< >1@07F>< 1>52>9 <0H8=K C65 <5AOF, => 4>:C<5=B ?>1C48; <5=O 70=>2> >14C<0BL ?@54<5B ?@8254C A0<5AB0 87 <>53> ?8AL<0 ?@5<8=8AB@C >B 5 O=20@O 1915 3>40:

 

=5 ?@54AB02;O5BAO =5A;>6=K< 8 =54>;38< 45;>< ?@>8725AB8 =5:>B>@>5 :>;8G5AB2> B@0:B>@>2 =0 ?0@>2>9 BO35 A =51>;LH8<8, =5CO728<8@>20==K<8 >BA5:0<8 4;O ;N459 8 ?C;52. A?>;L7>20=85 <0H8= 2 =>G=>5 2@572>;8B C9B8 >B ?>@065=8O 0@B8;;5@89A:8< >3=Q< =0 ;N1>9 48AB0=F88. CA5=8G=K5 B@0:B>@0 ;53:> ?@5>4>;5NB @2K 8 A><=CB A2>59 BO65ABLN 2AO:85 ?@>2>;>G=K5 703@0645=8O. A;8 B>28< A>@>: 8;8 ?OBL45AOB ?>4>1=KE CAB@>9AB2 8 2K2545< 8E =0 8AE>4=K5 ?>78F88 2 AC<5@:0E, B>, 157CA;>2=>, ?@>@2Q:>?>2, A<5BQ< 2A5 ?@53@04K, 2KG8AB8< ?@>B82=8:0 87 B@0=H59 ?C;5< >3=Q< 8 3@0=0B0<8 A :@KH B@0:B>@>2. @8B0=A:0O ?5E>B0 ?>;CG8B <=>3>G8A;5==K5 «B>G:8 >?>@K» >G8I5==K5 CG0AB:8 2@065A:>9 >1>@>=K 8 AB@5<8B5;L=> 2K428=5BAO 2?5@Q4, : 1>52K< <0H8=0<, 2 B> 2@5@0 428=CBAO 0B0:>20BL 2B>@CN ;8=8N C:@5?;5=89. 0AE>4K =525;8:8, =5C40G0 M:A?5@8<5=B0 =8G5< =5 C3@>605B. @8ABC?8BL : MB>9 @01>B5 420 <5AOF0 =0704 1K;> 1K 25AL<0 ?@54CA<>B@8B5;L=>, => A53>4=O MB> >AB@> =5>1E>48<>.

B>@>5, >G5284=>5 8 H8@>:>5 ?>;5 4;O M:A?5@8<5=B>2 - ?C;5=5?@>182058B ;8 48A:CB8@>20BL > =08;CGH59 :>=AB@C:F88? 04> 873>B>28BL <=>3> I8B>2 @07;8G=KE B8?>2 =>A8;QA0<8. !53>4=OH=OO 3@O7L =5 40QB ?@8<5=OBL I8BK 8 B@0:B>@0, => ?>A;5 ?5@2KE 65 70<>@>7:>2 <>65< 8A?>;L7>20BL 8E 2 ?>;=>9 <5@5. 5AOF =0704, O 70:070; 4204F0BL I8B>2 =0 :>;QA0E ?> 25AL<0 8A:CA=>5:BC A;C61 0280F88 D;>B0. A:>@5 >=8 1C4CB 3>B>2K 8, ?@8 =5>1E>48<>AB8, 8A?>;L7>20=K 2 >?KB=KE F5;OE.

"@5B89 284 ?>;57=KE CAB@>9AB2 A H8@>:8< 8 G0ABK< ?@8<5=5=85< 0??0@0BK 4;O ?@>872>4AB20 8A:CAAB25==KE 4K<>2. 51>;LH85 >@C48O, ?CA:0NI85 87 AB2>;>2 AB>;1K 3CAB>3>, GQ@=>3> 4K<0 ?>72>;OB =0< AB028BL 8 @53C;8@>20BL 4K<>2K5 7025AK, :>340 8 345 MB> 1C45B C4>1=>. 0=55, O >1@0I0; 20H5 2=8<0=85 =0 8=K5 2>7<>6=>AB8, A2O70==K5 A 8A:CAAB25==K<8 4K<0<8, => >=8 AC3C1> A5:@5B=K, 8 O =5 4>25@N 8E 1C<035.

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

 

@>H;> 420 8;8 B@8 4=O. A:28B ;8G=> >7=0:><8; 8BG5=5@0 A <>8< ?8AL<>< 8 =0AB>OB5;L=> ?>?@>A8; D5;L4<0@H0;0 40BL 45;C E>4. ><0=4CNI89 ?@>O28; 1;03>A:;>==>ABL 8 ?5@5?@028; <>N 70?8A:C 2 >B45; 35=5@0;-D5;L4F59E<59AB5@0.

@>5:B, A =04;560I8<8 F5@5<>=8O<8, ?>E>@>=8;8 2 0@E820E 8=8AB5@AB20 >1>@>=K. "0: C<5@;0 2B>@0O ?>?KB:0 A>740BL B0=:.

5 7=0N, :0: 2>5==>5 254> >B:;8:=C;>AL =0 <>Q ?8AL<> ?@5<8=8AB@C, 8 :0:85 459AB28O 1K;8 ?@54?@8=OBK, =>, ?>;030N, GB> =8G53> @50;L=>3> =5 2>A?>A;54>20;> A:>@55 2A53>, 0@<59A:85 A?5F80;8ABK A ?>@>30 >B25@3;8 ;81> 2>7<>6=>ABL 873>B>2;5=8O, ;81> 459AB25==>ABL =>2KE CAB@>9AB2, ;81> 8 B>, 8 4@C3>5. 5;8:>5 <=>65AB2> 04<8@0;B59A:8E B@C4>2 8 3>AC40@AB25==0O 45OB5;L=>ABL =5 >AB02;O;8 <=5 <=>3> 2@5<5=8, => O A=>20 8 A=>20 >1@0I0;AO : MB>?@>AC. "0:, =0?@8<5@, <>O 70?8A:0 >B 19 O=20@O 1915 3>40 ?@54?8AK205B =0G0;L=8:C C?@02;5=8O 0280F88 ! ?@>25AB8 8A?KB0=8O 8 ?@>25@8BL: 2>7<>6=> ;8 @07@CH0BL B@0=H58 BO6Q;K<8 ?0@>2K<8 :0B:0<8. / =8GCBL =5 7=0B>: 8=65=5@=>3> 45;0 8 <>3 ;8HL ?@54;030BL 8;8 ?>>I@OBL AC;OI85 CA?5E 8458, >B?CA:0BL A@54AB20, @0A?>@O60BLAO > =0G0;5 M:A?5@8<5=B>2 8;8 70?CA:5 >?KB=>3> ?@>872>4AB20. 0@>2K5 :0B:8 (> =8E, <564C ?@>G53>, C?><8=0;>AL 8 2 ?8AL<5 %M=:8 >B 28 45:01@O) =5 2K45@60;8 8A?KB0=89 87-70 <5E0=8G5A:8E =54>GQB>2, =>, =5A><=5==>, GB> 8 MB>B >?KB, 2 @O4C ?@>G8E, ?@82;Q: 2=8<0=85 >D8F5@>2 8 A?5F80;8AB>2 1@>=502B><>18;L=KE G0AB59 8 ?>1C48; 8E : @07@01>B:5 ;CGH8E @5H5=89.

"@8 ?>?KB:8 =0;048BL ?@>872>4AB2> 8 ?5@540BL 2 2>9A:0 1>52CN <0H8=C, =0720==CN ?>74=55 «B0=:», ?@>20;8;8AL 87-70 B5E=8G5A:8E =5C40G 8 :07Q==>9 >1AB@C:F88; A8BC0F8O 3@>78;0 >AB0BLAO BC?8:>2>9 =0 =5>?@545;Q==> 4>;3>5 2@5<5AOFK, >B 2>5=0G0;L=8:>2 D@0=FC7A:>3> D@>=B0 =5 ?>ABC?0;> 70?@>A>2 =0 =>2>5 >@C685, AB>@>==85 ?@54;>65=8O 8 8458 3@0640=A:8E ;8F >B25@30;8AL 2>5==K< 254><. 0G0;0AL 0@40=5;;LA:0O >?5@0F8O, 8 <>Q 2@5:070;>AL 4> <8=CBK 70=OB> 04<8@0;B59A:8<8 >1O70==>ABO<8. !;CG8;>AL B0:, GB> 17 D52@0;O, 35@F>3 5AB<8=AB5@A:89, :><0=48@ @>BK 1@>=5<0H8= 8 1>;LH>9 M=BC780AB 1@>=502B><>18;L=>3> 45;0, ?@83;0A8; <5=O >B>1540BL 2 :> 8E A>A;C682F52. 5GL, <564C ?@>G53>, 70H;0 8 >1 0@<8@>20==>< 25745E>4=>< B@0=A?>@B5; >48= 87 A>B@0?57=8:>2, <09>@ %5B5@8=3B>= 87 G0AB8 35@F>30, 7=0; >1 M:A?5@8<5=B0E A 1@>=52K<8 <0H8=0<8 8 ?@8=O;AO ?@>?030=48@>20BL 845N A>740=8O ACE>?CB=KE ;8=:>@>2 C1564Q==>, ?@>=8F0B5;L=>, 402 2>;N D0=B0788.

/ CHQ; A> 2AB@5G8 2 B25@4>9 @5H8<>AB8 =5<54;5==> C?>B@518BL 2;0ABL, >B40BL :0B53>@8G=K5 ?@8:07K 8 ;N1K< A?>A>1>< ?@>428=CBL 2?5@Q4 AB>;L 4>@>3>5 4;O <5=O 45;>. B0:, O ?@8:070; %5B5@8=3B>=C ?@54AB028BL <=5 ?@>5:B 2 B> 2@5= 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

><8B5B =5?@5@K2=> 8 F5;5=0?@02;5==> @01>B0; A> 4=O >A=>20=8O - 20 D52@0;O 1915 3>40 - 4> ?>O2;5=8O B0=:>2 =0 ?>;5 1>O ?@8 !><<5 2 023CAB5 1916 3>40.

20 <0@B0 "5==8A>=-4'-9=:C@B 4>;>68;, GB> :><8B5B >AB0=>28;AO =0 42CE <>45;OE - >4=0 =0 1>;LH8E :>;QA0E, 4@C30O =0 3CA5=8G=>< E>4C; >15 =5 2 ?@8<5@ <5=LH5, =565;8 <0H8=0, 2>>1@06Q==0O %5B5@8=3B>=><.

/ =5<54;5==> 70B@51>20; 4>:;04=CN 70?8A:C A AC<<0<8 8 A@>:0<8, ?>;CG8; 5Q, 8, 26 <0@B0, =0 A2>9 A>1AB25==K9 AB@0E 8 @8A:, ?@8:070; 873>B>28BL 2>A5<=04F0BL <0H8= 2 B> 2@5?CB=K<8 :>@01;O<8» H5ABL =0 :>;QA0E 8 425=04F0BL =0 3CA5=8F0E.

/ 27O; =0 A51O ;8G=CN >B25BAB25==>ABL: <0H8=K AB>8;8 >:>;> 70 000 DC=B>2 :07Q==KE 45=53, =5 ?@54;>68; >5==>25BC 4<8@0;B59AB20 @0745;8BL A> <=>9 @8A: 8 =5 AB0; 8=D>@<8@>20BL 8=8AB5@AB2> >1>@>=K. B><5=8, O CA?5; C1548BLAO 2 =51;03>A:;>==>AB8 >B45;0 35=5@0;-D5;L4F59E<59AB5@0 8 ?@542845; 2>7@065=8O 2>5==>3> 254>B82 2B>@65=8O D;>B0 2 AD5@C 45OB5;L=>AB8 0@<88. 02=K< >1@07><, O =5 C254><8; 8 07=0G59AB2>.

0G0BK5 =0<8 @01>BK 8AE>48;8 87 G8AB> C<>7@8B5;L=KE AC645=89, :20;8D8F8@>20==K5 2>5==K5 8 D;>BA:85 A?5F80;8ABK =5 2845;8 ?>;L7K 2 ACE>?CB=KE :>@01;OE, => O @5H8; ?>B@0B8BL =0 =8E 7=0G8B5;L=CN AC<AC40@AB25==KE 45=53. >;55 B>3>: 2>?@>A =0E>48;AO 70 ?@545;0<8 45OB5;L=>AB8 <>53> <8=8AB5@AB20 8 2=5 3@0=8F <>8E ?>;=><>G89. A;8 1K @01>B0 =04 B0=:0<8 ?>B5@?5;0 =5C40GC, 5A;8 1K 8E =5 ?@8=O;8 =0 2>>@C65=85, 5A;8 1K >=8 =5 ?>H;8 2 1>9, O A =587156=>ABLN ?>?0; 1K ?>4 ?0@;0<5=BA:>5 @0AA;54>20=85 157 2AO:>9 =04564K >?@0240BLAO ?5@54 >128=5=85< 2 @0AB@0B5 1N465B0 =0 45;>, A>25@H5==> =5 >B=>AOI55AO : <>8< >1O70==>ABO< 8 =5 >4>1@5==>5 =8 >4=8< >B25BAB25==K< 2>5==K< 02B>@8B5B><. 5=O 8728=O5B ;8HL >4=> 65;0=85 2K25AB8 87 BC?8:0 B0=:>2>5 45;> 2 4=8 BO65;59H59 2>5==>9 A8BC0F88 8 O ?>;=>ABLN >?@0240= 3@0=48>7=K< CA?5E><, 2K?02H8< =0 4>;N MB8E <0H8=.

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edrail 8 Caterpillar. B0:, 2 =0H5< @0A?>@O65=88 1K;8 2A5 B@8 =5>1E>48 =5=B0 B0=:0.

> >AB020;8AL B@C4=>AB8 8=>3> @>40:

(a) :B>-B> 4>;65= @5H8BLAO 8 27OBL =0 A51O >B25BAB25==>ABL 70 =0G0;> 8 ?>445@6:C @01>B ?> 2>?;>I5=8N B0=:0 2 <5B0;;5;

(b) =04> ?>25@8BL 2 >A=>2=K5 ?@8=F8?K 8 ?@>9B8 25AL ?CBL 4> <0B5@80;870F88 8458 ?> B5@=8O< A;>6=59H8E B5E=8G5A:8E 7040G.

0?;>I5=85 ACBL @07=K5 25I8. 5;L7O =0720BL 40BC 87>1@5B5=8O B0=:0. 52>7<>6=> =0720BL 81@5B0B5;O B0=:0. > <>6=> =0720BL B>G=K5 4=8: 40BC ?@8:070 > =0G0;5 53> @07@01>B:8 8 A@>: 8A?>;=5=8O ?@8:070 45=L 2K?CA:0 @01>G8E G5@B5659 1>52>9 <0H8=K.

>;030N, GB> 1@53> 2>?;>I5=8O ?@>5:B0 2K=5A =0 A515 "5==8A>=-4'-9=:C@B. K =5 4>18;8AL 1K CA?5E0 157 53> 2K40NI8EAO >@30=870B>@A:8E A?>A>1=>AB59 8 >1H8@=KE 8=65=5@=KE ?>7=0=89. ><8B5B5 ACE>?CB=KE :>@01;59 @01>B0;8 AM@ #8;LO< "@8BB>= 8 <09>@ #8;A>=, >=8 >:070;8 15AF5==CN ?><>IL ?@8 4>@01>B:0E 8 2 ?@>872>4AB25 <0H8=. > O ?>HQ; =0 B@0BC :07Q==KE AC<< A 25@>9 2 ;8G=K5 :0G5AB20 "5==8A>=0-4'-9=:C@B0, 2 53> B0;0=B, 7=0=8O, ?>4 53> C25@5==>5 >15I0=85 @07@5H8BL B5E=8G5A:85 A;>6=>AB8. = 3>2>@8;, GB> <>6=>, 0 GB> =5;L7O A45;0BL, :0: >1>9B8 B> 8;8 8=>5 8=65=5@=>5 70B@C4=5=85 8 O ?>;030;AO =0 =53>. 02=K< >1@07>< 5A;8 1K A>AB>O;AO @0==89 ?@>5:B - O 4>25@8;AO 1K 8 04<8@0;C M:>=C. A;8 "5==8A>=-4'-9=:C@B AG8B0; 7040GC 2K?>;=8<>9, O HQ; =0 @8A:, 1@0; =0 A51O >B25BAB25==>ABL 0AA83=>20=89 8 C?>B@51;O; 2;0ABL. 8:B>, :@><5 =53> =5 ?>;L7>20;AO C <5=O ?>4>1=K< :@548B>< 4>25@8O; =8:B>, :@><5 <5=O =5 >B4020; 5@O65=89.

5 =0A >4=8E 70E20B8;0 845O B0=:0. O=20@5 1915 3>40, ?>;:>2=8: !28=B>= 8 :0?8B0= "C;;>E ?5@540;8 8=8AB5@AB2C >1>@>=K A2>8 ?@54;>65=8O, => MB8 >D8F5@K =5 @0A?>;030;8 4>AB0B>G=K<8 2;0AB=K<8 ?>;=><>G8O<8 - 548=AB25==K< A@54AB2>< 4>18BLAO ?@>3@5AA0 8 8E CA8;8O @0718;8AL >1 >1AB@C:F8N =5:>B>@KE 2KH5AB>OI8E ;8F. !28=B>=C 8 "C;;>EC =5 2K?0;> C40G8 @0A?>@O60BLAO =5>1E>48<8 8;8 C1548BL 8<8 2;0ABL.

:>=F5 <0O 1915 3>40 ?@>5:B >:070;AO ?>4 C3@>7>9. / CHQ; 87 4<8@0;B59AB20, : G5BK@Q< ?@56=8< @C:>2>48B5;O< 4>1028;>AL B@>5 =>2KE 8 !>25B, ?@8 ?>445@6:5 5=@8 65:A>=0 - =>2>3> ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40 A:;>=O;AO 27OBL =0704 ?@8=OBK5 @0=55 D8=0=A>2K5 >1O70B5;LAB20 =0 45 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

>A;5 2A5E 48=-548=AB25==K9 B0=:. A?KB0=8O ?@>H;8 2 %MBD8;4 0@:5, 2 O=20@5 1916 3>40 8 8<5==> MB0 <0H8=0, A?@0254;82> =0720==0O «"0=:-0BL» AB0;0 @>4>=0G0;L=8F59 8, 2 >A=>2=KE G5@B0E, ?@>B>B8?>< 2A5E BO6Q;KE B0=:>2 5;8:>9 2>9=K. Q AB0;L=>5 ?>B> 428=C;>AL =0 2@030 C !><40.

?8AL<5 ?@5<8=8AB@C >B 5 O=20@O O =0?8A0; >1 8A?>;L7>20=88 4K<>2 8 A>A;0;AO =0 =5:>B>@K5 A5:@5B=K5 <0B5@88. -B> <5AB> B@51C5B >B45;L=>3> >BABC?;5=8O.

=0G0;5 A5=BO1@O 1914 3>40, 35=5@0;-;59B5=0=B ;>@4 0=4>=0;4, 2=C: 7=0<5=8B>3> 04<8@0;0 >E@59=0, @0AA:070; 8BG5=5@C > 70?8A:0E 4540 AB0@K9 <>@O: >AB028; @07;8G=K5 ?;0=K ?> ?@>872>4AB2C 4K<>2KE 7025A 8 2K:C@820=8N 2@030 A ?>78F89 O4>28BK<8, => =5 >1O70B5;L=> A<5@B5;L=>-O4>28BK<8 3070<8. «>@4 8BG5=5@ - 2A?><8=0; ?>74=55 0=4>=0;4 - =5<54;5==> >B25B8;, GB> AG8B05B ?;0=K =5?@83>4=K<8 4;O 0@<88 8, @07 8E @07@01>B0; 04<8@0;, <=5 ;CGH5 >1@0B8BLAO 2 4<8@0;B59AB2>».[5] 0=4>=0;L4 ?>A;54>20; A>25BC 8, 28 A5=BO1@O, 2AB@5B8;AO A> 2B>@K< <>@A:8< ;>@4><, $@545@8:>< 0<8;LB>=><. !M@ $@545@8: =0HQ; ?@54<5B 8=B5@5A=K< 8 40; >B25B 29 A5=BO1@O: «/ >1AC48; 2>?@>A A ?@8=F5< C8 0BB5=15@3><; >= ?>;0305B, GB> 20< AB>8B >1@0B8BLAO : '5@G8;;N, =5 AAK;0OAL, 2?@>G5<, =0 =0A». / A;C68; 2 1@83045 0=4>;0=40 2 .6=>9 D@8:5, 2> 2@5:04K 548A<8B0 8 =5<54;5==> A>3;0A8;AO =0 2AB@5GC. 45O A@07C 65 708=B5@5A>20;0 <5=O, 8 O ?>?@>A8; C ;>@40 >7=0:><8BLAO A >@838=0;0<8 ?;0=>2 ;535=40@=>3> 04<8@0;0 >E@59=0. '5@57 =5A:>;L:> 4=59 ;>@4 >B25B8;, GB> A>>1@065=8O =0F8>=0;L=>9 157>?0A=>AB8 ?@52KH5 2A53>, 8 >= >B:@>5B <=5 E@0=8:BO1@O 0=4>;0=4 ?@8=QA 8AB>@8G5A:85 4>:C<5=BK. C<038 >E@59=0 C2845;8 A25B 2> 2B>@>9 @07 4> MB>3> >=8 ?@54>AB02;O;8AL ?@028B5;LAB2C @8B0=88 548=>64K, 2> 2@5<5=0 @K9 2>9=K. !B0@K9 04<8@0; ?@5420@8; A2>8 I5?5B8;L=K5 70?8A:8 A;>20<8 =0 2=CB@5==59 AB>@>=5 ?0:5B0: « AB0B>G=>: ;N1CN :@5?>ABL, 2 >A>15==>AB8 <>@A:CN, <>6=> ;53:> 70E20B8BL ?>4 ?>:@>2>< 3CAB>3> BC<0=0, ?CAB82 ?> 25B@C =0 10AB8>=K 8A?0@5=8O 3>@OI59 A5@K». 5 A><=520NAL, GB> >B7K2G82K9 =0 :> :065BAO =0 2KA>B5 ?>;>65=8O 8 =5<54;5==> ?>9ABL 8458. / ?>A;0; 70 ?5@2K< <>@A:8< ;>@4>< (2 B> 2@5< C8 0BB5=15@3><) 8 =0G0;AO >1AB>OB5;L=K9 @073>2>@.

0: ?@8ABC?8BL : @50;870F88 702 >E@59=0, =5 >B:@K20O 4> 2@5<5=8 B09=C? / ?KB0;AO =09B8 A?>A>1, => 4065 ?@0:B8G5A:89, 87>1@5B0B5;L=K9 8, :070;>AL, >A>1> ?@83>4=K9 4;O @5H5=8O MB>9 7020B>9 7040G8 C< ?@83;0HQ==>3> 2 ?><>IL @BC@0 #8;A>=0 >:070;AO  15AA8;5=. 0=4>;0=4 @072820; 8458 4540 8, <=>3> =545;L :@O4C, ?@8AK;0; <=5 =5>@48=0@=K5 ?@54;>65=8O; O 65, >B402 B2Q@4K5 C:070=8O > ?@>2545=88 M:A?5@8<5=B>2, =5CAB0==> E;>?>B0; > A>E@0=5=88 2 B09=5 AB@>: =0 ?0:5B5 AB0@>3> <>@O:0.

>@4 ?8A0; <=5 2 >:BO1@5:

 

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

 

5A><=5==>, GB> : >?8AK205<><5=8 0=4>=0;4 ?>;=>ABLN >2;045; ?>G5@?=CB>9 87 70?8A>: 4540 B5>@859 ?@8<5=5=8O 307>2 8 4K<>2 =0 2>9=5. !>2@5<5==0O E8<8O 4>?>;=O;0 <5=8B>3> 04<8@0;0 AB@0H=K<8 2>7<>6=>ABO<8. 564C=0@>4=>5 70:>=>40B5;LAB2> AB@>3> 70?@5I0;> 8A?>;L7>20=85 2@54=KE 8;8 O4>28BKE 307>2, 8 <>3;8 ?@8<5=8BL 8E ?><8<> 8 4> D0:B0 ?@8<5=5=8O >B@02;ONI8E 25I5AB2 =5?@8OB5;5<. >, 2@5B 2@5<5=8, A@548 ?@>G8E 2>5==KE E;>?>B, O 2>72@0I0;AO : MB>9 :>8;AO 2AQ 1>;LH5 8 1>;LH5 - C<>=0AB@>5=8O 2 5@<0=88 8 CA?5E8 =5<88 1K;8 E>@>H> 8725AB=K. 5 AB>8;> @0AAG8BK20BL =0 ?><>IL 2KAH8E 2>5==KE 8 D;>BA:8E :@C3>2, <>8E 65 A>1AB25==KE A8; 8 M=5@388 =5 E20B0;> 4;O =>2KE 701>B, 8 O =0HQ; 8=>9 A?>A>1 ?@>428=CBL 45;>. O=20@5 O ?@54;>68; 2=C:C >E@59=0 >B:@KBL 8458 4540 ?>;:>2=8:C %M=:8, 0 21 <0@B0 @0A?>@O48;AO >@30=87>20BL ?>4 C?@02;5=85< 0=4>=0;40 :> <8B5B ?> 2>?@>A0< 1>52KE 4K<>2 8 307>2, 402, 2?@>G5<, OA=> ?>=OBL, GB> ;6=K A;54>20BL 70:>=0< 8 >1KG0O< 2>9=K.

/ ?>AB>O==> 8=B5@5A>20;AO 45OB5;L=>ABLN 0=4>;0=40. ><8B5BC >AB0;0AL C7:0O, >3@0=8G5==0O <564C=0@>4=K< 70:>=>40B5;LAB2>< 8 3>AC40@AB25==>9 ?>;8B8:>9 >1;0ABL 45OB5;L=>AB8, 42865=85 2?5@Q4 >:07K20;>AL <54;5==K< 8 ?@5@K28ABK<, => 2AQ 65, 10 0?@5;O O A<>3 =0?8A0BL 6>=C $@5=GC:

 

$@5=GC >B '5@G8;;O.

10 0?@5;O 1915. / @0A?>@O48;AO >1 8A?KB0=8OE <0H8= 4;O ?@>872>4AB20 4K<>2, >=8 ?@>H;8 2 <>Q< ?@8ACBAB288 8 ?>:070;8 >1=04Q6820NI89 @57C;LB0B. ;Q3:89 <5B0;;8G5A:89 :>=CA =51>;LH>3> @07<5@0 6 DCB>2 =081>;LH89 480<5B@, 2KA>B0 3 DCB0 - A> AB>@>=K >A=>20=8O ?>40QBAO 15=7>;.

>@OI55 <0A;> @0AB5:05BAO ?> ?>25@E=>AB8 :>=CA0 8 40QB ?;>B=K9 4K<; 5A;8 ?5@5:@KBL ?>40GC B>?;820, 4K<>2K45;5=85 =570<54;8B5;L=> ?@5:@0I05BAO.

/ @07@01>B0; MB> CAB@>9AB2> 4;O =C64 D;>B0, => <=5 :065BAO 206=K< 8A?>;L7>20BL <0H8=C : ?>;L75 ?@>2>48<>9 20<8 :0 ?@8OB=>< =0?@02;5=88 25B@0, 2K A<>65B5 70 =5A:>;L:> <8=CB, ?>;=>ABLN 8 =0 7=0G8B5;L=>< CG0AB:5 <5AB=>AB8 =0:@KBL 4K<>2>9 7025A>9 2@065A:8E AB@5;:>2 8 0@B8;;5@8N. >4 ?@8:@KB85< 4K<0, A>;40BK A<>3CB ?@81;878BLAO 4;O HBK:>2>9 0B0:8 : 45@52=5 8;8 ;8=88 2@065A:8E B@0=H59. :@8B8G5A:89 <><5=B, 2K A<>65B5 A:@KBL ?@>42865=85 : @5H0NI5<0AA :020;5@88.

 

22 0?@5;O 1915 3>40 35@<0=FK =0@CH8;8 70:>=K 2>9=K 8 =0G0;8 2B>@CN 18B2C =0 ?@5 0B0:>9 O4>28BK< 307><. 540;L=>284=>5 ?@5ABC?;5=85 >1@5:;> 8E =0 AC@>2>5 2>7<57485 ?@5>1;040NI55 =0?@02;5=85 25B@>2 83@0;> =0< =0 @C:C 8, 2 :>=5G=>< AGQB5, @8B0=8O @0A?>;030;0 ;CGH8<8 =0CG=K<8 2>7<>6=>ABO<8, E>BO ?@5645 8 =5 8A?>;L7>20;0 MB8 2K3>4K, C2060O <564C=0@>4=>5 ?@02>.

8AB>@88 B0=:0 5ABL 3;020, @048 :>B>@>9 AB>8B ?>ABC?8BLAO E@>=>;>3859 ?>25AB2>20=8O 8 703;O=CBL 2 1C4CI55. !;CG8;>AL B0:, GB> 2 =>O1@5 1915 3>40 G8B0B5;L C7=05B, ?@8 :0:8E >1AB>OB5;LAB20E - O CHQ; 87 ?@028B5;LAB20 8 >B?@028;AO A;C68BL 2> $@0=F8N, 2 459AB2CNICN 0@<8N. =5 >G5=L E>B5;>AL 70E20B8BL A A>1>9 =0 D@>=B :0:>9-=81C4L ?>40@>:. >40@:>< AB0; ?;0= 18B2K 8 ?>154K. / 7=0;, GB> 3;02=>:><0=4CNI89, AM@ 6>= $@5=G BI0B5;L=> 8 4@C65;N1=> 87CG8B <>8 ?@54;>65=8O. "0: ?>O28;0AL 70?8A:0 >B 2 45:01@O. / ?@81K; 2 HB01 3;02=>:><0=4CNI53>, A>AB028; MB>B 4>:C<5=B, >703;028; 53> «0@80=BK =0ABC?;5=8O», 04@5A>20; ><8B5BC 8 9 >1>@>=K 8 ?>;>68; ?5@54 $@5=G5<, 0 2?>A;54AB288 8 ?5@54 53> ?@55<=8:><, C3;0A>< %593><. 0G0;> 70?8A:8 C<5AB=> ?@>F8B8@>20BL.

 

CA5=8G=K5 <0H8=K.

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

>AB83=C2 =5?@8OB5;LA:8E ?@>2>;>G=KE 703@0645=89, <0H8=K ?>2>@0G820NB =0;52> 8;8 =0?@02>, ?@>42830NBAO ?@O<> 8;8 A =51>;LH8<8 ?>2>@>B0<8 24>;L ?>78F89 2@030, @07@CH0NB >3=Q< 1@CAB25@K, A<8=0NB 8 ?5@5@570NB :>;NGCN ?@>2>;>:C. 0 MB>9 AB0488 0B0:8 >=8 ?>4E>4OB 2?;>B=CN : =5?@8OB5;N 8 AB0=>2OBAO =5CO7283> >3=O. ?@>45;0==K5 8<8 ?@>E>4K 84QB ?5E>B0, 70I8IQ==0O >B ?C;L I8B0<8.

5B>4 @07@CH5=8O ?@>2>;>G=KE 703@0645=89 0@B8;;5@89A:8< >3=Q< 70 =5A:>;L:> 4=59 4> 0B0:8 >B:@K205B 2@03C :0: A0<> =0<5@5=85 0B0:>20BL B0: 8 =0?@02;5=85 ?@>@K20. @>A>: 3CA5=8G=KE <0H8= ?>72>;8B @07@CH8BL ?@>2>;>:C ?> E>4C A0<>9 0B0:8, B> 5ABL 4> ?>42>40 =5?@8OB5;5< ?>4:@5?;5=89 8;8 ?@8=OB8O 8< 8=KE >1>@>=8B5;L=KE <5@.[6]

4. >52K5 3CA5=8G=K5 CAB@>9AB20 A?>A>1=K ?@>9B8 70 ;8=8N B@0=H59 8 @07@CH8BL E>4K A>>1I5=8O, => =0< =5 AB>8B A MB8< A?5H8BL. 04> 42830BLAO ?>AB5?5==>, H03 70 H03><. >A;5 70E20B0 2@065A:>9 ;8=88, <, :C40 ;CGH5 428=CBL <0H8=K. =8 <>3CB 27>1@0BLAO =0 ;N1>9 A:;>=. =5<=>38E A;>20E, MB> 4286CI85AO 1@>=510H=8 A ?C;5 :0: 8 @07@CH8B5;8 ?@>2>;>G=KE 703@0645=89. K, A 1>;LH8< CA?5E><, CAB0=02;820;8 =0 8E ?5@54>: D;>BA:85 @570:8 ?@>B82>B>@?54=KE A5B59 2<5AB5 A =0?@02;ONI8<8 4;O ?>40G8 2 @570: ?@>2>;>:8. 0<5G0B5;L=> 2845BL ?@>E>4 0??0@0B>2 A @570:0<8 G5@57 ?@>2>;>G=K5 703@0645=8O: >=8 @01>B0NB ?>4>1=> <5E0=8G5A:8< 6=59:0<. =65=5@=K5 A;C61K <>3;8 1K ?>43>B>28BL 45<>=AB@0F8N 70 B@8-G5BK@5 4=O.

5. CA;>28OE A53>4=OH=59 78<>@>7, B5<=>B0 8 2=570?=>ABL ?><>3CB <5E0=8G5A:>9 0B0:5. 2865=85 1@>=8@>20==KE <0H8= <>6=> >AB0=>28BL <8==K<8 ?>4:>?0<8, DC30A0<8, 70:>?0==K<8 2 75<;N A=0@O40<8 8;8 70<0A:8@>20==K<8 =0 1@CAB25@5 ?>;52K<8 >@C48O<8. > 5A;8 B@N: C40ABAO >4=064K, <05< GB>-=81C4L =>2>5 4;O A;54CNI53> @070. >:0 <0H8=K =5 8A?@>1>20=K 2> $@0=F88, ?@545; 8E 459AB28B5;L=>9 <>I8 =58725AB5=. >6=> =045OBLAO, GB> 70 BQ<=K5 G0AK 78<=59 =>G8 >=8 ?><>3CB =0< 70E20B8BL =5 >4=C, => =5A:>;L:> E>@>H> C:@5?;Q==KE B@0=H59=KE ;8=89. 3>=L 4286CI59AO =0 3CA5=8F0E 0@B8;;5@88 =5 ?>72>;8B =5?@8OB5;N CAB0=>28BL >@C48O 8 25AB8 ?@8F5;L=CN AB@5;L1C. ! =0ABC?;5=85< 4=O <0H8=K AB0=CB ;Q3:>9 4>1KG59[7], => 2?>;=5 CA?5NB AK3@0BL A2>N @>;L 70 =>GL 8 87<5=OB ?>;>65=85 =0 ?>;5 1>O 4> @0AA25B0, 4065 5A;8 8E 8 =5 C40ABAO >B25AB8 2 BK;. >7<>6=0 A>2<5AB=0O 0B0:0 1>52KE 0??0@0B>2 8 ?5E>BK; ?@8 MB><, <0H8=K A;C60B ?>4286=K<8 >?>@=K<8 B>G:0<8, 254CB 8 =0?@02;ONB 0B0:C.

 

@82545==0O 745AL ?@>3@0<<0 8A?>;L7>20=8O 3CA5=8G=KE <0H8= =5 ?@83>48;0AL 4> =>O1@O 1917 3>40, 4> ?5@2>3> A@065=8O ?@8 0<1@M. 5B@>A?5:B82=> 8 A CGQB>< ?@0:B8:8 < 2 MB>< 4>:C<5=B5 <=>3> >H81>:, => >= ?>A;C68; E>@>H59 >A=>2>9 4;O 40;L=59H59 @01>BK 2>5==KE A?5F80;8AB>2. '5@57 B@8 <5AOF0 ?>A;5 ?>40G8 <>59 70?8A:8, 2 D52@0;5 1916 3>40, ?>;:>2=8: !28=B>= 2 B> 2@5= @01>B0; 2 A5:@5B0@80B5 ><8B5B0 8 9 >1>@>=K 8 ?@8ACBAB2>20; =0 @0==8E 8A?KB0=8OE «"0=:0-0BL»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

1917 3>4 C2845; <=>3>:@0B=>5 8 4C@=>5 8A?>;L7>20=85 1@8B0=A:8E B0=:>2. K <>3;8 1K 0B0:>20BL MDD5:B82=> 8 2=570?=>, <0AA0<8 <0H8= ?> ACE>9, =5 87@KB>9 A=0@O40<8 75<;5, =0 =570B@>=CBKE ?@56=8<8 1>O<8 CG0AB:0E D@>=B0, => =5?@5<5==> 2K?CA:0;8 =0 2@030 ?> G5BK@5 8;8 ?OBL <0H8= 2B>@>AB5?5==K< ?@840B:>< : ?5E>B5, 1@>=520O B5E=8:0 H;0 2 1>;>B0 8 G5@57 :@0B5@=K5 ?>;O 0H5=459;0. @03 =5 F5@5<>=8;AO A =51>;LH8<8 ?0@B8O<8 1>52KE <0H8=, B0=:8 15A?><>I=> 10@0EB0;8AL 2 3@O78. :>=FC 1917 3>40 <=>385 2KA>:85 G8=K 1@8B0=A:>9 0@<88 A:;>=8;8AL AG8B0BL B0=: 15A?>;57=K< =>2H5AB2><, 0 <0AB8BK5 ?@>D5AA>@0 :8A;KE I59 2=>2L >1@0B8;8AL : >128=5=8O< 2 48;5B0=B87<5. !G0ABL5, GB> 8 35@<0=FK A>G;8 =5C40G=K5, =5?@028;L=K5 ?>?KB:8 ?@8<5=5=8O <0H8=K 70 ?@>O2;5=8O 5Q >@30=8G5A:>9 15A?;>4=>AB8 8 2 >G5@54=>9 @07 C?CAB8;8 2>7<>6=>ABL ?>@078BL =0A =0H8< 65 >@C685<.

20 3>40 ?@>H;8 ?CABCN, 2 C25I520=8OE, 0@3C<5=B8@>20=88 8 AB@0AB=KE 0?5;;OF8OE >D8F5@>2 1@>=5B0=:>2KE 2>9A:. "0=: ?>;CG8; A2>9 H0=A ;8HL ?>A;5 >?KB0 0H5=459;0 8, 2 :>=5G=>< AGQB5, ?>;CG8; 2>7<>6=>ABL A@060BLAO ?>-A2>572>;8;8 @07@CH0BL ?@>2>;>:C, =5 ?@54C?@5640O 2@030 >1 0B0:5 ?@5420@8B5;L=>9 1><10@48@>2:>9; 57<>6=>ABL 25@=CBL 2>5==><5=B 2=570?=>AB8.

!;020 >@30=870B>@0 ?@028;L=>9 B0=:>2>9 0B0:8 0<1@M, 20 =>O1@O 1917 3>40 - 2K?0;0 35=5@0;C 8=3C. 5H5=85 ?@8=O;8 A =5>E>B>9 8 2 A><=5=8OE: @57C;LB0B >:070;AO @5H8B5;L=K< - ?>GB8 15A:@>2=0O ?>1540 70 =5A:>;L:> G0A>2. > 2>9A:0 =5 1K;8 3>B>2K @0728BL CA?5E; ?>A;54>20;8 =5CB5H8B5;L=K5, 0 G5@57 =5A:>;L:> 4=59 8 154AB25==K5 A>1KB8O. 8HL A 1918 3>40 =0 ?>;5 1>O CB25@48;8AL A>2<5AB=>5 ?@8<5=5=85 4K<>2KE 7025A 8 B0=:>2, A>:@KB85 4K<0<8 42865=89 B0=:>2KE <0AA. A;8 1K 2>9=0 ?@>4;8;0AL 4> 1919 3>40, :0640O <0H8=0 <>3;0 1K 2K?CA:0BL 4K<, 8 2A5 B0=:>2K5 >?5@0F88 ?@>E>48;8 1K ?>4 ?>:@>2>< 8A:CAAB25==>3> BC<0=0. > ?>A;5 A@065=8O ?@8 0<1@M AC4L10 B0=:0 >?@545;8;0AL 8, A 1918 3>40, 2@038 8 4@C7LO =0H;8 2 =Q< @5H0NI55 >@C685 8 C=8:0;L=K9 42868B5;L 1@8B0=A:8E, D@0=FC7A:8E 8 0<5@8:0=A:8E =0ABC?;5=89.


;020 20. K1>@.

 

>2K9 3>4 =0G0;AO 4;O 4<8@0;B59AB20 ?>4 A:25@=K<, HB>@<>2K< =51><. K >B>720;8 04<8@0;0 59;8 87 @0=4 $;8B0 8 225@8;8 5@5; G8B0B5;L 7=05B, GB> MB>B >B@O4 A?5F80;L=> 3>B>28;AO :0: O4@> 1><10@48@>2>G=>3> D;>B0 4;O 1C4CI53> <>@A:>3> =0ABC?;5=8O. 5A><=5==>, =>2>5 =07=0G5=85 >3>@G8;> 04<8@0;0: 59;8 >AB028; =0 A525@5 MA:04@C 4@54=>CB>2 @048 MA:04@K «$>@<84591;>2». !5@4F0 1>;LH8=AB20 <>@O:>2 ?@8=04;560;8 @0=4 $;8BC 8 59;8 =5 1K; 8A:;NG5=85<, => ?@8=O;AO 70 =>2>5 45;> A >1KG=K< 4;O =53> @25=85< 8, ?> E>4C 1>52>9 @01>BK, 8A?@>A8; @07@5H5=8O 2K9B8 A MA:04@>9 2 0=0;. 4<8@0;B59AB2> 2K45;8;> MA:>@B=CN D;>B8;8N. -A:04@0 ?@>H;0 C2@A:89 ?@>;82 ?@8 A25B5 4=O 8 4> 25G5@0 31 45:01@O 70=8<0;0AL C?@06=5=8O<8 2 >@B;5=45. $;>B8;8O ?@>2>48;0 04<8@0;0 G5@57 ?@>;82 8 2 AC<5@:0E CH;0 2 C2@; 4=52=0O G0ABL ?>E>40 >1>H;0AL 157 ?@>8AH5AB289. ! =0ABC?;5=85< B5<=>BK >B@O4 59;8 ?>25@=C; =0 70?04, 428=C;AO 2=87 ?> 0=0;C 8, : 42C< G0A0< =>G8 4>HQ; 4> 4=O;AO 25B5@ 8 2>;=K, O@:> A25B8;0 ;C=0. -A:04@0 ?@5=51@53;0 ?@>B82>;>4>G=K< 783703><, H;0 ?@O< A> A:>@>ABLN 10 C7;>2 8 2AB@5B8;0AL A 35@<0=A:>9 AC1<0@8=>9: 2@03 45@60;AO =04 2>4>9, =52848< A25B5 70 B0=FCNI8<8 2>;=0<8. >42>4=0O ;>4:0 2K?CAB8;0 B>@?54C ?> ?>A;54=5@01;N 2 :>;>==5, «$>@<84591;C». #40@ AB0; A<5@B5;L=K<. @>=5=>A5F 70B>=C; G5@57 420 A ?>;>28=>9 G0A0. K ?>B5@O;8 :0?8B0=0 >:A;8, ?>381;> 1>;55 ?OB8A>B <0B@>A>2 8 >D8F5@>2. >@O:8 2A5E @0=3>2 2K:070;8 2KA>G09HCN 48AF8?;8=C 8 ?@540==>ABL.

@0G=K5 =>2>AB8 ?@8H;8 2 4<8@0;B59AB2> 2 ?5@2K9 45=L =>2>3> 3>40. >@4 $8H5@ 2>7< C?@02;5=85< MA:04@>9. 59;8 40; >1JOA=5=8O, => <>@A:85 =0G0;L=8:8 A>G;8 8E =5C4>2;5B2>@8B5;L=K<8. / 3;C1>:> A>60;5; > AM@5 LN8A5 8 AC4L15 70B5O==>3> ?@54?@8OB8O, => 2K=C645= 1K; A=OBL 59;8 A :><0=4>20=8O 8 ?>AB028BL 2> 3;02C @8=28GA:>3> :>;;5460. "0< >= 8 7045@60;AO =0 =5:>B>@>5 2@5[8]

@8H;> 2@5?KB>: >1>7@5BL >1ICN A8BC0F8N 8 A>AB028BL ?;0=K =0 25A=C. 1 O=20@O :0=F;5@ 07=0G59AB20 @0A?@>AB@0=8; >G5=L 206=CN 70?8A:C. = C:070;, GB> 1KBCNI89 >?B8<8AB8G=K9 273;O4 =0 2>5==CN A8BC0F8N =5 8<55B >A=>20=89, 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L 87-70 2AQ CA8;820NI59AO A;01>AB8 >AA88. ;>94-6>@46 ?@54;>68; @0A?@>AB@0=8BL 2>5==>5 459AB285 =0 0;:0=A:89 ?>;C>AB@>25 8 C2;5GL 70 A>1>9 @5F8N 8 >;30@8N. >O28;AO 8 4@C3>9 4>:C<5=B, ?@8=F8?80;L=K9 8 ?@>@>G5A:89 <5<>@0=4C< ?>;:>2=8:0 %M=:8 A> AAK;:0<8 =0 4>:;04 0@40=5;;LA:>3> :><8B5B0. 15 70?8A:8 C:07K20;8 =0 ;86=89 >AB>: :0: =0 B50B@, ?@83>4=K9 4;O =0H8E =0G8=0=89 8 459AB289 2 1915 3>4C. / ?@>G8B0; 4>:C<5=BK 2 ?5@2>9 @0AAK;:5 8, 31 45:01@O, ?@5?@>2>48; 2B>@>9 87 =8E ?@5<8=8AB@C A> A;54CNI8<8 :><<5=B0@8O<8:

 

> 1>;LH59 G0AB8, 3;0A=K 4@C3 A 4@C3>< 8 =0H8 2K2>4K =5?@>B82>@5G82K.

/ E>B5; 0B0:>20BL 0;;8?>;8 A >1JO2;5=85< 2>9=K. & ! B5E ?>@ B@C4=>AB59 ?@81028;>AL. & @54;030N =5A:>;L:> 5654=52=KE 70A540=89 >5==>3> A>25B0 =0 A;54CNI59 =545;5. ;>4>B2>@=>5 >1AC645=85 =5 B5@?8B =545;L=KE ?5@5@K2>2 <564C A>25I0=8O<8.

 

2 O=20@O O ?>;CG8; ?8AL<> >B 8BG5=5@0.

 

K, =5A><=5==>, 2845;8 B5;53@0< @CAA:8E 8 BC@:0E: 5A;8 5IQ =5B, B> $8F465@0;L4 ?5@540AB 5Q 20<.

0: 2K 4C<05B5: =5 <>65B ;8 :0:0O-=81C4L <>@A:0O >?5@0F8O 2K=C48BL BC@>: =5 ?>4020BL ?>4:@5?;5=89 =0 02:07 87-70 1>O7=8 >3>;8BL >=AB0=B8=>?>;L?

 

>;:>2=8: $8F465@0;L4 ?5@540; <=5 ?@>F8B8@>20==>5 ?8AL<> D5;L4<0@H0;0 2<5AB5 A B5;53@0<<>9. @8254C 7=0G8

 

! =0G0;0 MB>9 =545;8 ?>;>65=85 >AA88 =0 02:075 2K7K205B A8;L=59H55 15A?>:>9AB2>. E20BK20NI89 <0=Q2@ BC@>: A5@LQ7=> C3@>605B @CAA:8< 2>9A:0<. ><0=4CNI89 02:07A:>9 0@<859 >BG0O==> B@51C5B ?>4:@5?;5=89, 7=0G8B5;L=0O G0ABL 53> 2>9A: >B>720=0 =0 35@<0=A:89 D@>=B, => 25;8:89 :=O7L ?@54;0305B >1E>48BLAO B5<, GB> >AB0;>AL.

<5AB5 A B5<, 25;8:89 :=O7L A?@0H8205B: <>65B ;8 ;>@4 8BG5=5@ CAB@>8BL 2 =5:>B>@>< <5AB5 <>@A:CN 8;8 ACE>?CB=CN 45<>=AB@0F8N ?@>B82 "C@F88 A >4=>2@5<5==K< @0A?@>AB@0=5=85< A2545=89, :>B>@K5 2K=C4OB BC@>:, A:;>==KE - ?> A;>20< :=O7O - : ?>A?5H=K< <5B0=8O<, >B>720BL =5:>B>@K5 A8;K A 02:07A:>3> D@>=B0. -B> >1;53G8B ?>;>65=85 @CAA:8E.[9] 5;8:89 :=O7L 4>102;O5B, GB> >AB0=5BAO ?@8 ?@56=8E ?;0=0E, 4065 5A;8 8BG5=5@ 8 =5 A?>A>15= ?><>GL.

 

B>B 65 45=L 2 4<8@0;B59AB2> ?@85E0; 8 A0< 8BG5=5@. 0B5O;AO 4>;389 @073>2>@. K ?>4@>1=> >1AC48;8 B5;53@0<AA88, 2>7<>6=CN ?><>IL D;>B0, =5 C?CAB8;8 =8 >4=>3> 20@80=B0 459AB289 =0 BC@5F:>< B50B@5. O, 8 D5;L4<0@H0; ?><=8;8  =>O1@LA:85 48A:CAA88 >1 C40@5 =0 0;;8?>;8 87 38?B0. K OA=> 2845;8 40;5:> 84CI85 ?>A;54AB28O ?>154>=>A=>3> HBC@<0 >=AB0=B8=>?>;O. A;8 C =0A 5ABL H0=A CA?5H=> D>@A8@>20BL 0@40=5;;K, 1K;> 1K 2 2KAH59 AB5?5=8 =540;L=>284=> >3@0=8G8BL >?5@0F8N ?@>AB>9 45<>=AB@0F859 A8;K =0 >AD>@5. / 2AOG5A:8 C?8@0; 8<5==> =0 MB>B ?C=:B 8 ?@54;030; 0;LB5@=0B82=K5 ;>6=K5 2K?04K 2 ?><>IL @CAA:8<. 8BG5=5@ =5 2>7@060; ?@>B82 A0<>3> 0@3C<5=B0, => ?>AB>O==> 8 C?@O<> C:07K20;, GB> ;8H=8E 2>9A: =5 8<55B 8 =5 <>65B ?>9B8 =0 =>2K5 8 >1H8@=K5 2>5==K5 >1O70B5;LAB20. / =5 @0A?>;030N 70?8ALN 48A:CAA88, => <>8 2>A?><8=0=8O > =59 <>3CB 1KBL ?>4B25@645=K 2B>@K< ?8AL<>< >B 8BG5=5@0. / ?>;CG8; 53> ?>A;5 =0H59 2AB@5G8, 2 B>B A0

 

>@4 8BG5=5@ <8AB5@C '5@G8;;N.

2 O=20@O 1915 3>40.

5 286C, :0: <>65< A5@LQ7=> ?><>GL @CAA:8< =0 02:075.

"C@F8O, A> 2A59 >G5284=>ABLN, 7018@05B 1>;LHCN G0ABL 2>9A: 87 4@80=>?>;O 4;O >?5@0F88 ?@>B82 >AA88: 2>7<>6=>, GB> =0 'Q@=>< <>@5.

5;0 >AA88 =0 02:075 8 2 A525@=>9 5@A88 =5E>@>H8.

# =0A =5B A8; 4;O 2KA04:8 345-;81>. 5<>=AB@0F8O ?@>B82 !<8@=K 15A?>;57=0 8 <>65B >15@=CBLAO 87185=85< E@8AB80=. ;5:A0=4@5BB0 C65 8A?@>1>20=0 8 O =5 64C 7=0G8<>3> @57C;LB0B0 >B 2B>@>9 ?>?KB:8. 59AB28O =0 ?>15@56L5 !8@88 15A?5@A?5:B82=K. 48=AB25==>5 <5AB>, 345 45<>=AB@0F8O <>65B 2>7K<5BL 459AB285 8 >AB0=>28BL ?5@51@>A:C ?>4:@5?;5=89 =0 2>AB>: 0@40=5;;K. >7<>6=> - :0: MB> ?8H5B 25;8:89 :=O7L - A >4=>2@5<5==K< @0A?@>AB@0=5=85<ý  A2545=89 >1 C3@>75 >=AB0=B8=>?>;N.

K =5 1C45< 3>B>2K : G5 7=0G8B5;L=>;L:> <5AOF52.

 

8BG5=5@ - O 2 MB>< =5 A><=520NAL A45;0; 2K2>4K 87 =0H53> @073>2>@0 8, 2 B>B 65 45=L, 2 O=20@O >B?@028; B5;53@0<3@04, G5@57 $>@8= D8A.

 

@>HC 20A C25@8BL 25;8:>3> :=O7O 2 B><, GB> B>2;5=8O<8 45<>=AB@0F88 ?@>B82 BC@>:, => >?0A05 ;N1>5 459AB285 ?@54?@8=OB>5 8;8 ?@>45:;0@8@>20==>5 - =5 >:065B 70<5B=>3> 2;8O=8O =0 G8A;5==>ABL 2@030 =0 02:075 8 =5 2K=C48B "C@F8N : >B2>4C 2>9A:.

 

0 A;54CNI55 CB@> (3 O=20@O) : @01>B5 ?@8ABC?8; $8H5@. >2K9 ?5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 1K; 2 :C@A5 B5:CI8E 45;, G8B0; @07=>>1@07=K5 4>:C<5=BK ?@028B5;LAB20, B5;53@0<AA88 8 1K; 2?>;=5 >A254><;Q= > <>59 15A545 A 8BG5=5@><. "5?5@L >= ?>A;0; <=5 ?8AL<> 25;8:>9 206=>AB8. >:C<5=B ?>;=> 8 OA=> ?>:07K205B ?>78F8N $8H5@0. 728E@5==>ABL AB8;O =8 2 :>59 <5@5 =5 A:@K205B ?@>7>@;82>AB8 8 A8;K 53> C<0. / =5 4C<0N, GB> $8H5@ :>340-;81> 8 GB>-;81> ?@54?@8=8<0; 8;8 2KA:07K20; <=5=85, 5A;8 :0:>5-B> 45;> A ?5@2>3> 273;O40 H;> 2@07@57 A 53> >A=>2=K<8 ?@8=F8?0<8. 4<8@0; 2A5340 1;03>2>;8; 3;>10;L=>9B8 =0 BC@>: 8 C2;5GL 70 A>1>9 0;:0=K. = 2845; 2 >;30@88 :;NG : ?>;>65=8N 2 @538>=5. $8H5@ =8:>340 =5 1>O;AO @8A:>20BL AB0@K<8 1@>=5=>AF0<8 2 1>;LH>9 83@5: <>@A:>9, 2>5==>9 8;8 48?;><0B8G5A:>9. > 2AQ< MB><, :0: <>6=> 2845BL 87 ?8AL<0 04<8@0;0, 48;8AL 2 ?>;=>< A>3;0A88. B><, GB> 1>;LH85 ?;0=K =5 C40;8AL, =5B =8 <>59, =8 53> 28=K.

 

3 O=20@O 1915.

>@>3>9 #8=AB>=,

%M=:8 ?5@540; <=5, GB> >5==K9 A>25B A>15@QBAO 2 A;54CNI89 2B>@=8:: 4C<0N, GB> MB> 1C45B ?>E>65 =0 83@C 2 :53;8! 064K9 ?@8=5AQB A2>9 ?;0= 8 >4=0 C?02H0O :53;O >1@CH8B 2A5 A>A54=85!

/ !'"., '" # "# & !"" ! > (, =5<54;5==K9 C40@. =0G5 =5B. 0H 65 ?@842>@=K9 A>25B 70BO=5B 45;> 5IQ =0 ?0@C G5B25@3>2. (NB: >340 2K 2AB@5G0;8AL 2 ?>A;54=89 @07 8 GB> 87 MB>3> 2KH;>???)

K A>94Q;57=>9 1><10@48@>2:5 0@40=5;; 8 87=>A8< 2 =59 >@C48O «=45D0B8351;0»: 8E =5;L7O 2>AAB0=>28BL 8, 2>7<>6=>, ?@84QBAO ?><5=OBL. GB> E>@>H53> 40AB =0< MB>B >1AB@5;? #15@CB ;8 BC@:8 E>BO 1K 8 >4=>3> A>;40B0 A 02:070? >9=0 ?@>4>;68BAO A2>8< G5@54><. 0< =C65= G5;>25:!

>B BC@5F:89 ?;0=.

            I. 07=0G8BL AM@0 #. >15@BA>=0 A59G0A 35=5@0;-:20@B8@<59AB5@0 :><0=4CNI8< M:A?548F8>==K<8 A8;0<8.

           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

            III. > 2@5<5=8 =0H59 2KA04:8 2 578:5, 3@5:8 ?>94CB =0 0;;8?>;8, 1>;30@K =0 >=AB0=B8=>?>;L, 0 @CAA:85, A5@1K 8 @C2AQ MB> 20H8 A;>20!).

            IV. B> 65 A0<>5 2@5@A8@C5B 0@40=5;;K «<0465AB8:0<8» 8 «:0=>?CA0<8». ><>38 5A?>48!

> 25;8:89 0?>;5>= 3>2>@8; « » - 157 MB>3> « ». 0 2AN <8@>2CN 8AB>@8N EC=B0 =8 @07C =5 2K83@K20;0. 0< =C65= G5;>25:!

0H, $.

 

@>5:B $8H5@0 5A;8 1@0BL 53> 2 F5;>< =8:>340 =5 8<5; =8 <0;59H53> H0=A0. >3C ?@54?>;>68BL 2>7@065=8O >15@BA>=0, 4>25@5==>3> G5;>25:0 ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40, ?@825@65=F0 :>=F5=B@0F88 2>9A: =0 3;02=>< 8;8 @5H0NI5< B50B@5 >4=> 8 B> 65 2 ?>=8<0=88 AM@0 #8;LO<0. 6>= $@5=G 8 2A5 53> >D8F5@K 2>A?@>B828;8AL 1K 70<5=5 =489A:>3> :>@?CA0 8 75 000 >?KB=KE A>;40B =0 B5@@8B>@80;L=K5 G0AB8; 45;> <>3;> 4>9B8 4> >BAB02:8 3;02=>:><0=4CNI53>. !;54>20;> >6840BL A0<>3> @57:>3> ?@>B5AB0 >B >DD@0 8 ?@028B5;LAB20 $@0=F88. ! B@5BL8< ?0@03@0D>< $8H5@0 > 3@5:0E, 1>;30@0E, A5@10E 8 @C3;0A8;AO 1K :064K9. 5A><=5==0O, 7025B=0O F5;L 2 B>9 G0AB8 A25B0. > >AB020;AO 2>?@>A: :0: MB>3> 4>18BLAO? >B ACBL ?@>1;5< ?0@03@0D5 $8H5@0. "0: ?>O28;>AL ?@54;>65=85 D>@A8@>20BL 0@40=5;;K AB0@K<8 ;8=59=K<8 :>@01;O<8.

4=> 25A><>5 A>>1@065=85 A;54>20;> 70 4@C38<, 8 O =0G0; 459AB2>20BL. / C2845; 25;8:CN @02=>459AB2CNICN 2A5E <=5=89 0B0:C =0 0@40=5;;K, ?@54<5B <>53> ?>AB>O==>3> 8 AB@0AB=>3> 65;0=8O. @3C<5=BK 2 ?>;L7C >?5@0F88 =5 >AB02;O;8 A><=5=89. 070;>AL, GB> 8<5==> A59G0A =082KAH85 02B>@8B5BK 2 <>@A:8E, 2>5==KE 8 ?>;8B8G5A:8E 45;0E 3>B>2K 2?@OGLAO 2 ?>2>7:C. AO 038B0F8O 8 2;8O=85 ;>94-6>@460 >1@0B8;8AL 2 AB>@>=C "C@F88 8 0;:0=. = ?@54;030; 8=K5 A@54AB20, => ?@5A;54>20; BC 65, 3;02=CN F5;L C2;5GL 3>AC40@AB20 0;:0= ?@>B82 BC@>: 8 2AB@88; 2A5 53> 0@3C<5=BK 1K;8 @02=> ?@8;>68<>5<5B>4C. 0;LDC@0 25AL<0 ?@82;5:0;8 2K3>4K CA?5H=>9 >?5@0F88 =0 N3>-2>AB>G=>< B50B@5, O 2K=5A MB> 87 @073>2>@>2 A =8<. 0:>=5F, =5A><=5==K9 8 682>9 8=B5@5A $>@8= D8A0 8 -420@4 @5O. 0<5G0B5;L=>5 8 O2=>5 A>2?045=85 <=5=89. 070;>AL, GB> 4>AB0B>G=> >1J548=8BL CA8;8O 8 40BL 45;C ?>4>10NI89 8 :0: >ACI5AB28BL MB> =0 ?@0:B8:5? / @5H8; ?>?KB0BLAO 8, 3 O=20@O, ?@8 459AB25==>< A>3;0A88 $8H5@0, 8 ?>A;5 15A54K A> A?5F80;L=> ?@83;0HQ==K< :>=AC;LB0=B><, 7=0B>:>< N3>-2>AB>G=>3> B50B@0 5=@8 65:A>=><, >B?@028; B5;53@0<<0=4CNI59 C 0@40=5;;, 28F5-04<8@0;C 0@45=C.

 

4<8@0;B59AB2>, 28F5-04<8@0;C 0@45=C.

3 O=20@O 1915 3>40.

B ?5@2>3> ;>@40.

>7<>6=> ;8, ?> 20H5<=5=8N, D>@A8@>20BL 0@40=5;;K >4=8<8 :>@01;O<8?

@54?>;0305BAO 8A?>;L7>20BL AB0@K5 1@>=5=>AFK, >1>@C4>20==K5 ?@>B82><8==K<8 CAB@>9AB20<8; 2?5@548 ?>94CB C3>;LI8:8 8 B>@3>2K5 AC40 4;O 2K;02;820=8O 8 ?>4@K20 <8=.

&5==>ABL @57C;LB0B0 <>65B >?@0240BL 65AB>:85 ?>B5@8.

!>>1I8B5 20H5 <=5=85.

 

'8AB> 38?>B5B8G5A:89 70?@>A. 0 MB>9 AB0488, O =5 A2O7K20; A51O 4065 8 >1I8< ?@8=F8?>< 0B0:>9 ?@>B82 "C@F88. / E>B5; >1>7@5BL 8 2725A8BL 0;LB5@=0B82K, ?>A<>B@5BL, :0:CN ?>445@6:C =094QB B> 8;8 8=>5 ?@54;>65=85. A5 =0G8=0=8O, :0: O C:07K20; 2 ?>A;54=59 3;025, 1K;8 >A;>6=5=K B5:CI8<8 4510B0<8 > 2>7<>6=>< =0ABC?;5=88 0@<88 24>;L ?>15@56LO ?@>B82 51@N335.

/ =5 CHQ; >B @07 1>;LH8E 45;0E =0 A525@=>< B50B@5, >B >@:C<5 8 0;B8:5. 4 O=20@O, =0:0=C=5 70A540=8O >5==>3> A>25B0 O =0?8A0; ?5@2><>@A:>@4C 70?8A:C ?> @07=K< ?C=:B0< ?>25AB:8 702B@0H=53> >1AC645=8O, 8, A@548 ?@>G53>: «0< ;CGH5 2KA;CH0BL, GB> A:06CB 4@C385 > BC@5F:>< ?;0=5 8 ;8HL ?>B>< 70=OBL @5H8B5;L=K5 ?>78F88. / =5 ?>60;5N 100 000 G5;>25: @048 1>;LH8E ?>;8B8G5A:8E 2K3>4 =0 0;:0=A:>< ?>;C>AB@>25&»

B>B 65 45=L $8H5@ >B25B8;: «>@A:85 ?@58B >1;040=8O >=AB0=B8=>?>;5< 8 F5==>ABL ?>AB02>: ?H5=8FK ?> 'Q@=><>@N =0AB>;L:> 7=0G8 O ?>;030N BC@5F:89 ?;0= ?>;:>2=8:0 %M=:8 =0ACI=K<, >1O70B5;L=K< 4;O 8A?>;=5=8O, 8 =5>B;>6=K<ý».[10]

 

!><=5=89 =5 >AB020;>AL. A;8 >5==K9 A>25B >4>1@8B >1I85 ?@8=F8?K =0H53> ?;0=0, < @01>B0BL =04 N6=K<, 0< ?@>5:B>< 2<5AB5, @C:0 >1 @C:C, A =082KAH8< M=BC7807<>< 8 ?@>254Q< 53> 2 687=L 0:B82=> 8 A0< >1@07><.

5 O=20@O ?@8HQ; 7=0<5=0B5;L=K9 >B25B 04<8@0;0 0@45=0.

 

8F5-04<8@0; 0@45= ?5@2>@4C.

15 O=20@O 1915. 0 20HC B5;53@0<B 3-3> G8A;0. 5 4C<0N, GB> 0@40=5;;K <>6=> D>@A8@>20BL AB@5<8B5;L=K< 1@>A:><.

@>;82 <>65B 1KBL ?@>945= >1H8@=>9 >?5@0F859 A> 7=0G8B5;L=K< G8A;>< :>@01;59.

 

B>B 45=L 0B0:0 =0 BC@>: 8 4825@A8O =0 ;86=5< >AB>:5 70=O;8 >4=> 87 3;02=KE <5AB A@548 2A53> >1AC645=8O. A5 2K3>4K ?;0=0 =0H;8 ?>=8<0=85, O 70G8B0; >B25B 0@45=0, 8 A>1@0=85 2KA;CH0;> 53> A 68259H8< 8=B5@5A><. "5;53@0<<0 ?>;CG8;0 >A>1>5 7=0G5=85: ?@028B5;LAB2C >B:@K;0AL 2>7<>6=>ABL @5H8B5;L=> 8 <0AHB01=> 87<5=8BL ?>;>65=85 =0 >AB>:5 =5 ?@8=8<0O =>2KE 2>5==KE >1O70B5;LAB2; 1>;55 B>3> =0H;>AL MDD5:B82=>5 A@54AB2> ?><>GL 25;8:>A>1KE 70B@0B, >4=>9 ;8HL 45<>=AB@0F859 2 0@40=5;;0E. / 25@=C;AO 2 4<8@0;B59AB2> 8 C7=0;, GB> =0G0;L=8: HB010, 04<8@0; ;825@ 8 5=@8 65:A>= >14C<0;8 845N ?>AB5?5==>3> D>@A8@>20=8O @>;82>2 2 @0<:0E 1>;LH>9 >?5@0F88 8 >B=5A;8AL : =59 ?>;>68B5;L=>. / ?>3>2>@8; A 65:A>=><. = 70:0=G820; @01>BC =04 <5<>@0=4C<>< (O ?@>G8B0; 53> G5@57 =5A:>;L:> 4=59), 2>7@060; ?@>B82 ;N1KE ?>?KB>: ?@>@20BLAO G5@57 @>;82K >4=8< 1@>A:><, => C?> 7=0G8B5;L=>< MDD5:B5 1><10@48@>2:8 3 =>O1@O 8 =0HQ; ?;0= ?>AB5?5==>3>, H03 70 H03><, @07@CH5=8O C:@5?;5=89 ?@82;5:0B5;L=K<, E>BO 8 2845; =C64C 2 2>9A:0E. > 53> <=5=8N, 0@<8O 4>;6=0 1K;0 A;54>20BL 70 D;>B>< 8 4>25@H0BL 45;>, 2 >A>15==>AB8 ?@8 27OB88 >=AB0=B8=>?>;O. B0:, B@>5 2>5==KE @C:>2>48B5;59: =0G0;L=8: HB010, 04<8@0;, A?5F80;L=> 87CG82H89 B50B@ 8 04<8@0;, :><0=48@ MA:04@K, ?@8H;8 : >1I53;0A8N. !>25@H5==> @07=K5 >D8F5@K A =5AE>68<8 >1O70==>ABO<8 8 ?>;>65=85< 2KA:070;8AL 548=>. / 157<5@=> ?>@078;AO 8, 6 O=20@O, B5;53@0D8@>20; 0@45=C:

 

5@2K9 ;>@4 04<8@0;C 0@45=C.

6 O=20@O 1915. 0H0 B>G:0 7@5=8O A>3;0A=0 A <=5=85< 2KAH53> :><0=4>20=8O. "5;53@0D8@C9B5 2 ?>4@>1=>ABOE GB>, ?> 20H5<=5=8N, =5>1E>48<> ?>43>B>28BL 4;O 1>;LH>9 >?5@0F88, :0:85 A8;K 20< =C6=K 8 :0: 2K A>18@05B5AL 8E 8A?>;L7>20BL.

 

8 O=20@O, =0 A;54CNI5< 70A540=88 >5==>3> A>25B0 A>AB>O;0AL 4>;30O 48A:CAA8O > 2>AB>G=>< B50B@5. 8BG5=5@ 2K18@0; <56 @07;8G=K<8 2>7<>6=>ABO<8 8 ?>4GQ@:=CB> 2KA:070;AO 2 ?>;L7C 0B0:8 0@40=5;;. = >1JO28; !>25BC, GB> 2848B 2 0@40=5;;0E =081>;55 ?@82;5:0B5;L=CN 2>5==CN F5;L, ?>A:>;L:C >?5@0F8N <>6=> ?@>25AB8 A>2<5AB=> A D;>B><. 0@H0; >F5=8; A8;K 4;O 70E20B0 0@40=5;; 2 150 000 A>;40B, => >AB028; ?>A;54=55 A;>2> 4> ?>4@>1=>3> 87CG5=8O. = =5 ?@54;>68; 2>9A: 8 OA=> 40; =0< ?>=OBL, GB> 8E =5B. "5< A0;030;>AL, >3@0=8G8;AO G8AB> B5>@5B8G5A:8<8 @0AAC645=8O<8.

11 O=20@O ;CG8;8 >B 0@45=0 ?>4@>1=K9 ?;0=.[11] A=>2=CN G0ABL 4>:C<5=B0 @07@01>B0;8 0@B8;;5@89A:85 A?5F80;8ABK «=D;5:A81;0» 8 >D8F5@ <>@A:>9 ?5E>BK 2K40NI8EAO A?>A>1=>AB59 :0?8B0= >4D@8, >48= 87 HB01=KE @01>B=8:>2 28F5-04<8@0;0. / ?@8254C >A=>2=K5 ?C=:BK.

 

>7<>6=0O ?>A;54>20B5;L=>ABL >?5@0F89:

(A) >;=>ABLN ?>4028BL >1>@>=C =0 2E>45.

(B) 07@CH8BL >1>@>=8B5;L=K5 A>>@C65=8O @>;82>2 4> 10B0@58 8 .

(C) >4028BL >1>@>=C 2 #7>ABOE, '0=0:.

(D) G8AB8BL ?@>E>4 2 <8==>< ?>;5, D>@A8@>20BL #7>AB8, ?>4028BL D>@BK 70 #7>ABO<8, 70B5< 7025@H0NI89 ?@>@K2 2 @0<>@=>5 <>@5.

0AGQB =5>1E>48@01;59, 4 A ?@>B82><8==K<8 CAB@>9AB20<8. "@8 ;8=59=KE :@59A5@0 420 87 =8E ?>B@51CNBAO 4;O 2E>40 2 @0<>@=>5 <>@5; 3 ;Q3:8E :@59A5@0; 1 ;845@ D;>B8;88; 16 MA<8=F52; 1 ?;02CG89 4>: 4;O @5<>=B0; 6 AC1<0@8=; 4 384@>?;0=0 8 384@>0280=>A5F «0 $C4@»; 12 <8==KE B@0;LI8:>2 2 B>< G8A;5 8 ?> 2>7<>6=>AB8, 4 D;>BA:8E; 1 3>A?8B0;L=>5 AC4=>; 6 C3>;LI8:>2 =0 >AB@>25 "5=54>A; 2 AC4=0 4;O 70?0A>2 8 A=0@O4>2. #:070==KE A8; 4>AB0B>G=> A CGQB>< 2>7<>6=KE ?>B5@L.

 

5B0;8 >?5@0F88.

>AB>O==0O :>@@5:B8@>2:0 >3=O 384@>?;0=0<8.

(A) ><10@48@>2:0 D>@B>2 A 70:@KBKE ?>78F89, 70B5< >3>=L ?@O<>9 =02>4:>9 A MDD5:B82=>9 48AB0=F88 8 ?>;=>5 ?>402;5=85 C:@5?;5=89; C=8GB>65=85 B>@?54=KE 0??0@0B>2 8 10B0@59, ?@8:@K20NI8E <8==>5 ?>;5 =0 2E>45 2 ?@>;82; >G8AB:0 2E>40 >B <8=.

(B) 8==K5 B@0;LI8:8, 70 =8<8 ;8=59=K5 :>@01;8 2E>4OB 2 ?@>;82 8 84CB 4> ?>78F88, A :>B>@>9 2>7<>6=> ?>4028BL 10B0@5N 8.

(C) =B5=A82=0O 1><10@48@>2:0 D>@B>2 ;8=59=K<8 :@59A5@0<8 >B 010-"5?5, >3>=L :>@@5:B8@C5BAO A ;8=59=KE :>@01;59; 70B5< >3>=L ?@O<>9 =02>4:>9 A MDD5:B82=>9 48AB0=F88 4> ?>;=>3> ?>402;5=8O C:@5?;5=89.

(D) "@0;LI8:8, 70 =8<8 ;8=59=K5 :>@01;8 ?>4=8<0NBAO : #7>ABO<. 0G0;> 1><10@48@>2:8 D>@B>2 22, 23, 24 >B 010-"5?5, :>@@5:B8@>2:0 >3=O ?> D>@BC 22 384@>A0<>;QB0<8, 70B5< >3>=L ?@O<>9 =02>4:>9. "@0;5=85 <8= 2 #7>ABOE, ?>402;5=85 D>@B0 C 030@K >3=Q< ?@O<>9 =02>4:>9; 70B5< ;8=59=K5 A8;K, ?@54H5AB2C5<8, 2E>4OB 2 @0<>@=>5 <>@5.

0 AB0488 (C) >68405BAO 7=0G8B5;L=K9 @0AE>4 1>5?@8?0A>2; 4>AB0B>G=K5 8E 70?0AK >15A?5G0B CA?5E. «515=» A5@LQ7=> >A;>6=8B MB0? () 5A;8 ?><>65B >1>@>=5 C 030@K ">340, ?@8 =5C40G5 ?>42>4=>9 0B0:8, ?>=04>18BAO ?>445@6:0 ;8=59=KE :@59A5@>2: >3=Q< >B 010-"5?5 8;8 =5?>A@54AB25==0O.

!@>: >?5@0F88 ?> 1>;LH59 G0AB8 1C45B 7028A5BL >B AB>9:>AB8 =5?@8OB5;O ?>4 >3=Q<, 30@=87>= 87@O4=> CA8;5= 35@<0=F0<8, 2;8O=85 >:065B 8 ?>3>40. !59G0A 2@5@<>2. >7<>6=>, GB> =0< ?>=04>18BAO >:>;> <5AOF0.

0AE>4 A=0@O4>2 1C45B 25;8:. >B>2;N ?@8<5@=CN >F5=:C >68405<>9 ?>B@51=>AB8.

0A?>;>65=85 MA:04@ ?>A;5 7025@H5=8O >?5@0F88: @0<>@=>5 <>@5 - 2 ;8=59=KE :@59A5@0, 4 ;8=59=KE :>@01;O, 3 ;Q3:8E :@59A5@0, 1 ;845@ D;>B8;88, 12 8AB@518B5;59 <8=>=>AF52, 3 AC1<0@8=K, 1 B@0=A?>@B A=0@O4>2 8 70?0A>2, 4 <8==KE B@0;LI8:0, C3>;LI8:.

@>G85 A8;K C45@6820NB ?@>;82 >B:@KBK< 8 ?@8:@K20NB B@0;LI8:8 =0 2@525@H5=8O @0AG8AB:8 <8==>3> ?>;O.

 

;0= ?>@060; 2>>1@065=85 2A5E, :B> 2845; 53>. "0: 1K;> 8 A> <=>9. 5=O 2>AE8B8;8 :0: 45B0;8, B0: 8 A>25@H5==> =>20O :>=F5?F8O. / >6840; 8=>3> >B25B0 - =5:>B>@K9 ?;0= «1@>A:0», :0: MB> ?@54;030; $8H5@ - 04<8@0; !BC@48 D>@A8@C5B @>;82K «:0=>?CA0<8». >?88 4>:C<5=B0 =5<54;5==> ?>H;8 ?@5<8=8AB@C, =5:>B>@K< 4@C38< 04@5A0B0<; <564C ?>A2OIQ==K<8 702O70;0AL A2>1>4=0O 48A:CAA8O. 070;>AL, GB> ?5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 8 =0G0;L=8: HB010 >4>1@ONB ?;0=. 8:B>, =8:>8< >1@07>< 8 =8 @07C =5 CA><=8;AO 2 53> B5E=8G5A:>9 4>1@>:0G5AB25==>AB8. K ?>A2OB8;8 2 45;> G5B25@KE 8;8 ?OB5@KE 87 G8A;0 25;8:8E <>@A:8E 02B>@8B5B>2, :064K9 @0A?>;030; A>1AB25==K< B5E=8G5A:8< HB0B><, => =8 >48= =5 A:070;: «-B> GCHL. >@01;8 =5 <>3CB 1>@>BLAO A D>@B0<8» 8 =5 ?>425@3 :@8B8:5 B5 8;8 8=K5 45B0;8. !;CG8;>AL =0>1>@>B: 2A5 =0H;8, GB> ?;0= G@572KG09=> 8=B5@5A5= 8 <=>3>5 >15I05B; B5< A0<8@0;B59A:8E A>B@C4=8:>2 @>A;> A>25@H5==> >?@545;Q==>5 8 1;03>?@8OBAB2CNI55 >?5@0F88 <=5=85. 2 MB> A0<>5 2@55 ?@54;>65=85, =5A><=5==> ?>2;8O2H55 =0 E>4 A>1KB89.

$;>B ?>;CG8; ?5@2K9 87 ?OB8 1KAB@>E>4=KE ;8=59=KE :>@01;59 A 15-B8 4N9<>2K<8 >@C48O<8: «C8= -;87015B». K @5H8;8 ?>A;0BL 53> 4;O ?@>1=KE AB@5;L1 8 E>4>2KE 8A?KB0=89 2 A?>:>9=>5 8 157>?0A=>5 !@54875<=>5 <>@5. >@01;L HQ; : <5ABC =07=0G5=8O 8 BCB HB01 ?@54;>68; >?@>1>20BL >3@><=K5 >@C48O 4@54=>CB0 =0 C:@5?;5=8OE 0@40=5;;, >B<5B82, GB> «C8= -;87015B» <>65B 25AB8 >3>=L, >AB020OAL 70 ?@545;0<8 40;L=>AB8 BC@5F:8E 10B0@59. > MB>3> <><5=B0 O =5 4C<0; =8 > GQ< ?>4>1=><, => 7=0G8<>ABL ?@54;>65=8O B>BG0A AB0;0 >G5284=>9. K ?>=O;8, GB> ?5@54 =0<8 A>25@H5==> =>2K9 D0:B. >;55 B>3>, ?>O2;5=85 «C8= -;87015B» A:070;>AL @5H0NI8< >1@07><. 8F5-04<8@0; 0@45= =5 <>3 8 2>>1@078BL, GB> ?>;CG8B MB>B 4@54=>CB. A5 ?@>H;K5 >1AC645=8O 8 ?@83>B>2;5==K9 04<8@0;>< ?;0= =8:>8< >1@07>< =5 CG8BK20;8 53>.

/ 70?@>A8; C HB010 B>G=K5 ?;0=K, ?@8:07K 8 ?@8=O;AO =01@0AK20BL A?8A>: 4>ABC?=KE 4;O >?5@0F88 :>@01;59.

 

!5:@5B0@80B. 5@2><>@A:>@4C. 0G0;L=8:C HB010.

12 O=20@O.

(1) $>@A8@>20=85 0@40=5;; A ?@>E>4>< G5@57 ?@>;82 MA:04@K 4>AB0B>G=> A8;L=>9 4;O @073@><0 BC@5F:>3> D;>B0 2 @0<>@=>< <>@5 <>3CB ?@825AB8 : ?5@2>AB5?5==>9 ?>1545 8 87<5=8BL ?>;>65=85 =0 2>AB>:5 ?>;=>ABLN 8 : =0H59 2K3>45.

(2) @54AB02;O5BAO 2>7<>6=K< >15A?5G8BL 04<8@0;0 0@45=0 =865?5@5G8A;5==K<8 :>@01;O<8 8 ?@8 MB>< A>E@0=8BL 4>;6=K9 10;0=A A8; 2 4><0H=8E 2>40E:

«CH5=», «!28BHC@» 8 «"@09M<5AB5 ;81> >B@O65=K =0 MB>B B50B@), «5=465=A», «0=>?CA» (A 4@80B8:8), «;L18>=» (KA >1@>9 04564K), «&570@L» 8 «@8=F 5>@3» (A 81@0;B0@0).

«8:B>@85A», «0@A», «03=8D8H5=B», «0==810;» (2 =0AB>OI55 2@5B>720=K 4><>9 4;O @0AA=0I5=8O). «C8= -;87015B» (>B:><0=48@>20= 4;O 0@B8;;5@89A:8E 8A?KB0=89 2 81@0;B0@). «=D;5:A81;» (>B@O65= 2 !@54875<=>5 <>@5 =0 A<5=C «=45D0B8351;C»). «=45D0B8351;» (C65 =0 <5AB5).

"5< A0<0H=85 2>4K =5 B5@ONB =8 >4=>3> :>@01;O, 70 8A:;NG5=85< 8 157 B>3> ?@54=07=0G5==KE : @0AA=0I5=8N.

(3) C:070==>< A?8A:5 =5 CGB5=K G5BK@5 D@0=FC7A:8E ;8=59=KE :>@01;O 2 @09>=5 >?5@0F88 8 H5ABL ?@>G8E :>@01;59, >1JO2;5==KE 4;O 2>7<>6=>3> 8A?>;L7>20=8O&

(4) 5;> <>6=> =0G0BL 1 D52@0;O >1AB@5;>< D>@B>2 =0 2E>45 >@C48O<8 «C8= -;87015B» A 40;L=59 48AB0=F88. 5B =C64K =0G8=0BL ?>;=>F5==K9 HBC@<, ?>:0 2 B>G=>AB8 =5 2KOA=8BAO @57C;LB0B ?5@2>9 AB0488. 5>1E>48<> ?@83>B>28BL 2AQ 4;O BI0B5;L=>3> 8A?>;=5=8O ?;0=0, >15A?5G8BL 384@>?;0=K 8 2A?><>30B5;L=K5 AC40. ><0=4CNI89 04<8@0; 0@45=&

@8ABC?09B5 : @07@01>B:5 45B0;L=>3> ?;0=0.

#.!.'.

 

>@4 $8H5@ A>3;0A>20; 4>:C<5=B. >74=55 (9 D52@0;O) >= ?>?>;=8; A?8A>: 42C4@54=>CB0<8: «>@4>< 5;LA>=><ý» 8 «30<5<=>=><ý» - 7=0G8B5;L=>5 ?>4:@5?;5=85, ?>2;Q:H55 A>>B25BAB2CNI55 >A;01;5=85 @0=4 $;8B0.

13 O=20@O O ?@54AB028; ?@>5:B >5==>25BC. 0 ACB:8 4> =0G0;0 70A540=8O O @0A?@>AB@0=8; B5;53@0<<56 3;02=K<8 CG0AB=8:0<8 A>1@0=8O, 2:;NG0O, 5AB5AB25==>, ?@5<8=8AB@0 8 8BG5=5@0. $5;L4<0@H0; ?>AG8B0;, GB> MB> AB>OI0O ?>?KB:0. = C:070;, GB> «K <>65< >3@0=8G8BLAO >4=>9 1><10@48@>2:>9, 5A;8 =094Q< 5Q =5MDD5:B82=>9». 0 70A540=88 ?@8ACBAB2>20;8 $8H5@ 8 @BC@ 8;LA>=. 8 B>B =8 4@C3>9 =8:0: =5 2KA:070;AO, 8 O ?@8=O; 8E <>;G0=85 70 >?@545;Q==>5 A>3;0A85. !>25B ?@8=O; 548=>3;0A=>5 @5H5=85 8 70?8A0; 53> 2 A;54CNI5<, :C@LQ7=>< 2845:

 

4<8@0;B59AB2C ?>@CG5=> 2 :@0BG09H85 A@>:8 @0AA<>B@5BL 2>7<>6=>ABL 459AB25==>9 0:F88 2 4@80B8G5A:>< <>@5, C 0BB0@> 8;8 2 8=>< <5AB5 A F5;LN (<564C ?@>G53>) >:070BL 402;5=85 =0 B0;8N.

><8<> MB>3>, 2 D52@0;5 <5AOF5, 4<8@0;B59AB2> 4>;6=> ?>43>B>28BL <>@A:CN M:A?548F8N A F5;LN 1><10@48@>20BL 0@40=5;;K, 70E20B8BL 0;;8?>;89A:89 ?>;C>AB@>2 8, 2 :>=5G=>< AGQB5, >=AB0=B8=>?>;L.

 

>A;5 @5H5=8O !>25B0 O B5;53@0D8@>20; 04<8@0;C 0@45=C. "5;53@0<<0 >B?@02;5=0 15 O=20@O 2 A>3;0A88 A $8H5@><.

 

5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 8 O 4>;>68;8 20H ?;0= >5==>25BC ?@028B5;LAB20 8 ?>;CG8;8 ?@8=F8?80;L=>5 >4>1@5=85.

K =5 =0E>48< 70B@C4=5=89 2 ?@54>AB02;5=88 20< 70B@51>20==KE A8;, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 «C8= -;87015B» : 15 D52@0;O.

K ?>;=>ABLN A>3;0A=K A 20H8< ?;0=>< ?>AB5?5==>3>, D>@B 70 D>@B><, @07@CH5=8O >1>@>=K :0: MB> A45;0;8 A =B25@?5=>< =5

K ?@54;0305< 20< 2>73;028BL >?5@0F8N.

>7<>6=>, 20H8< 70<5AB8B5;5< AB0=5B 04<8@0; >15:.

'5< @0=LH5 <, B5< ;CGH5.

A:>@>< 2@5<5=8 2K ?>;CG8B5 45B0;L=CN 8=AB@C:F8N 4<8@0;B59AB20.

@>4>;609B5 @01>B0BL =04 ?;0=><.

 

/ =0G0; :>=AC;LB0F88 A ?@028B5;LAB2>< $@0=F88 8, <564C 2AO:8<8 ?@54<5B0<8, A2O70==K<8 A 3@O4CI59 >?5@0F859, ?>AB028; 2>?@>A > @5>@30=870F88 :><0=4>20=8O =0 A@54875<=><>@A:>< B50B@5, >1@8A>20; ?;0= D>@A8@>20=8O 0@40=5;; 8 4>1028;:

 

?@54425@88 >G5=L 206=>9 >?5@0F88, 4<8@0;B59AB2> =5 65;05B =8:0:8E 87<5=5=89 A@548 :><0=4>20=8O 2 C:070==>< @09>=5 !@54875<=>3> <>@O. <5AB5 A B5<, MA:04@0 D@0=FC7A:8E 1@>=5=>AF52, 2<5AB5 A D@0=FC7A:8<8 AC1<0@8=0<8, MA<8=F0<8 8 384@>0280=>AF5< «0 $C4@» ?@8<5B CG0AB85 2 45;5 ?>4 =0G0;>< D@0=FC7A:>3> :>=B@-04<8@0;0.

 

/ ?5@540; =>BC D@0=FC7A:> ?@5645 ?>701>B8;AO > D>@<0;L=>9 AB>@>=5 45;0 8 ?>;CG8; :>=B@0A83=0BC@K ?@5<8=8AB@0, 8BG5=5@0 8 @5O, 2<5AB5 A ?>4?8AO<8 ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40 8 =0G0;L=8:0 HB010. >:C<5=B ?@54AB02;O; AC3C1CN 206=>ABL, 8 O ?>AB0@0;AO ?@54C?@548BL ;N1K5 @07=>GB5=8O.

02=K< >1@07><, O A>>1I8; >1 >?5@0F88 25;8:>;0N.

"5?5@L G8B0B5;L 2848B, GB> ?;0= @>48;AO 8 ?>;CG8; @0728B85 A@548 <>@O:>2 8 A?5F80;8AB>2 8 =8:0: 8=0G5. 4<8@0; 0@45= 8 53> 0@B8;;5@89A:85 >D8F5@K ?@54;>68;8 <5B>4 ?>AB5?5==>3> @07@CH5=8O D>@B>2 1><10@48@>2:0<8 A 40;L=59 48AB0=F88. !M@ 5=@8 65:A>= 8 A?5F80;8ABK 4<8@0;B59AB20 ?@8=O;8 845N, 87CG8;8 8 >4>1@8;8 5Q 2 45B0;OE. 5@=K9 8;8 =5B, => ?;0= ?@8=04;568B <>@A:>9 !;C615. 02=K< >1@07><, ?@8:07K 4<8@0;B59AB20 3>B>28; =0G0;L=8: HB010 8 53> 0??0@0B. / =01@>A0; A?8A>: 4>ABC?=KE 4;O >?5@0F88 AB0@KE ;8=:>@>2. > 8<5==> HB01 ?@54;>68; 4>1028BL : =8< «C8= -;87015B» A> 2A5<8 2KB5:0NI8<8 2>7<>6=>ABO<8. 8<5==> ?5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 4>1028; : A?8A:C 40@40=5;;LA:>3> D;>B0 420 A0<>I=KE :>@01;O: «>@4 5;LA>=» 8 «30<5<=>=». @>D5AA8>=0;L=0O :>=F5?F8O 704C<:8 =8:0: =5 70@G5=0 2<5H0B5;LAB2>< 3@0640=A:8E ;8F.

/ ?8HC MB8 AB@>:8 157 <0;59H53> =0<5@5=8O C9B8 >B >B25BAB25==>AB8 8;8 C<5=LH8BL 5Q. !CBL =5 2> <=5. / =5 @07@010BK20; 8 =5 1K; A?>A>15= @07@01>B0BL ?;0=. 3> ?@>8725;8 =0 A25B <>@A:85 :><0=48@K, =04 =8< @01>B0;8 8 ?5@540;8 2 45;> B5E=8G5A:85 A?5F80;8ABK, 53> >4>1@8; ?5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4; O 65 2>A?>;L7>20;AO 8E B@C40<8, ?@>2Q; ?;0= 2 687=L 8 ?>445@6820; 2A5<8 4>ABC?=K<8 <=5 A@54AB20<8. =K5 ?040;8 4CE>< 8 <5=O;8 273;O4K 157 2848 O B2Q@4> 45@60;AO 8E 65 ?@54K4CI8E @5H5=89 8, 2 8=B5@5A0E >1I53> 8 3;02=>3> 45;0 A>N7=8:>2, =5C:;>==> 42830; >?5@0F8N 2?5@Q4, : ?@0:B8G5A:>;=5=8N.

"0: 7025@H8;0AL ?5@20O D070: =0G0;> 0@40=5;;LA:>3> ?@54?@8OB8O. 5@54 ;8AB0<8 4>:C<5=B>2 70B@C4=8B5;L=> >A?0@820BL D0:BK. 54CI85 <>@A:85 02B>@8B5BK 8 G;5=K >5==>3> A>25B0 ?@>25;8 70 >1AC645=85< ?@>5:B0 4204F0BL 4=59. 53;0A=K9 04<8@0;B59A:89 :@C3 >14C48= 4@C3>9 2>?@>A. 4> A8E ?>@ 2A5 <=5=8O 1K;8 1;03>?@8OB=K. > A8E ?>@ =8:B> =5 2>7@078; 8 =5 ?@82Q; =8 >4=>3> :>=B@0@3C<5=B0. 2AB@0;88 =0?8A0=0 >D8F80;L=0O 8AB>@8O 2>9=K, 8 5Q 02B>@ ?>AG8B0; C<5AB=K< 45;>< ?>4KB>68BL A2>9 @0AA:07 B0::

 

«52>745@60==>5 2>>1@065=85 '5@G8;;O, 53> 48;5B0=BA:>5 =52565AB2> 2 0@B8;;5@89A:>< 45;5, D0B0;L=0O A?>A>1=>ABL <>;>4>3> 704>@0 C2;5:0BL 70 A>1>N ?@5:;>==K5 8 =5 AB>;L 682K5 CB ?@8G8=0 0;;8?>;89A:>9 B@035488».

 

>Q ?>AB>O==>5 1@5B25BAB25==>ABL ?5@54 =0@>4>< 2AB@0;88, 8 O B5HCAL =04564>9, GB> 02AB@0;89FK =5 >3@0=8G0BAO MB8< CB25@645=85< 3@C159H8<, 1>;55 G5< >H81>G=K<, <5=55 G5< =54>AB0B>G=K<, ?@545;L=> B5=45=F8>7=K<, => ?@8 2=8<0=85 D0:BK, 3>2>@OI85 A0<8 70 A51O.


;020 21. >9 C >335@-10=:8, 24 O=20@O.

 

A5@548=5 O=20@O =0H8 <>@A:85 15A?>:>9AB20 40;8 > A515 7=0BL 2 2KA>:8E 8 ?@8G0AB=KE : 2KAH8< B09=0< ?@028B5;LAB25==KE :@C30E. B> 2@5= 65;;8:> ?>;030; @0=4 $;8B 8A:;NG8B5;L=> CO728<>65< =09B8 @57>=K 2 53> <5<0 :><0=4CNI53> ?5@2><>@A:>@4C ?5AB@OB B@52>6=K<8 @0AGQB0<8 A>>B=>H5=89 A8; 1@8B0=A:>3> 8 35@<0=A:>3> D;>B>2 ?@8<5=8B5;L=> : 1>;LH>N. 5:>B>@K5 87 4@54=>CB>2 65;;8:> 2AB0;8 =0 ?;0=>2K9 @5<>=B; 420 ;8=:>@0, «>=0@E» 8 «>=:5@>@», AB>;:=C;8AL 8 2@5<5==> 2KH;8 87 AB@>O. !M@ 6>= 25@=C;AO : C<>7@5=8O< ?@>H;>3>4=53> =>O1@O: 35@<0=FK B09=> 2>>@C68;8 =>259H85 ;8=59=K5 :>@01;8 :C40 :0: 1>;55 <>I=>9, G5< <05<, 0@B8;;5@859. > 5A;8 2 =>O1@5 1914 3>40 >= ?@54?>;030; C 2@030 G5BK@5 4@54=>CB0 A 14-B8 4N9<>2K<8 >@C48O<8, B> B5?5@L H5ABL A 15-B8 4N9<>2K<8. >4>1=K9 <5B0<>@D>7 1K;, @07C<55BAO, =52>7<>65=. 07254:0 A2845B5;LAB2>20;0, GB> =5<5F:85 4@54=>CBK =5 AB>OB 2 4>:5, 0 ?>AB>O==> ?>O2;ONBAO B> BCB, B> B0< 8 <>3;8 ?>25@8BL 2 3@0=48>7=CN @5:>=AB@C:F8N =5<5F:>9 0@B8;;5@88. > <=5 ?@8H;>AL >?@>25@30BL MB8 8 8=K5, @02=> 0;0@<8ABA:85 8458. / =07=0G8; A?5F80;L=CN :><8AA8N ?>4 =0G0;>< B@5BL53> <>@A:>3> ;>@40, GB>1K C=OBL <@0G=K5 >?0A5=8O > 25;8:>< ?5@52>>@C65=88 =5?@8OB5;O.

@C3>5 ?@54;>65=85 :><0=4CNI53> 4>AB028;> <=5 :C40 :0: 1>;LH5 E;>?>B. 65;;8:> A8;L=59H8< >1@07>< 15A?>:>8;0 48A;>:0F8O ;8=59=KE :@59A5@>2, 8 >= ?>65;0; ?5@525AB8 8E 87 $>@B0 2 @><0@B8, ?>1;865 : 3;02=>BC. A;8 1K ?@54;>65=85, B> ;8H8;8AL 1K 2AO:>9 2>7<>6=>AB8 >B25B8BL =0 @594 2@030 ?@>B82 =0H53> ?>15@56LO. 16 45:01@O 35@<0=FK 0B0:>20;8 %0@B;?C;, !:0@1>@> 8 <>3;8 ?>2B>@8BL MBC 70B5N. @><0@B8 8 !:0?0 @02=> >BAB>OB >B 5;L3>;0=40, 8 CE>4 8BB8 A ;8=59=K<8 :@59A5@0<8 =0 AB>;L >B40;Q==CN AB>O=:C ?@82>48; =0A : 15AA9 15A?><>I=>AB8. / ?@54?>GQ; 1K ?>ABC?8BL =0>1>@>B 8 ?5@525AB8 25AL ;8=59=K9 D;>B 2 $>@B. B> 2@5 1K;> =52>7<>6=>, => O :0B53>@8G5A:8 >B25@3 CE>4 ;8=59=KE :@59A5@>2 >B AB@0B538G5A:>3> :>=B0:B0 A 1KAB@>E>4=K<8 2@065A:8<8 :>@01;O<8. 20 O=20@O O =0?8A0; ?5@2><>@A:>@4C:

 

8=59=K5 :@59A5@0 =5>1E>48<> 45@60BL 2>548=>. 0< ?>AB>O==> =C6=0 A8;0, A?>A>1=0O C?@028BLAO A> 2A5<8 1KAB@>E>4=K<8 :>@01;O<8 5@<0=88. A;8 ;8=59=K5 :@59A5@0 C94CB 2 @><0@B8, B> >:06CBAO =0 B>< 65 @0AAB>O=88 >B 5;L3>;0=40, :0: 5A;8 1K >=8 AB>O;8 2 !:0?0 8, A>>B25BAB25==>, 2 A>25@H5==>9 =5A?>A>1=>AB8 70I8B8BL 15@530 =3;88. "5< A0;030N, GB> >B@O4 ;8=59=KE :@59A5@>2 =5;L7O 45;8BL 8;8 ?5@52>48BL 87 $>@B0, @0725 GB> 04<8@0; 8BB8 =094QB >?0A=K<8 =02830F8>==K5 CA;>28O.

 

0 A;54CNI55 CB@> < 4>A:>=0;L=> >1AC48;8 A>AB>O=85 @0=4 $;8B0, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 MB>B 2>?@>A. 5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 AB0; =0 <>N AB>@>=C 8, 4=Q< 21 O=20@O, O >B?@028; =0G0;L=8:C HB010 70?8A:C:

 

K =5 4>;6=K =8G53> <5=OBL. 8=59=K5 :@59A5@0 >AB0NBAO 2 $>@B5 548=>9 A8;>9, @0725 GB> 04<8@0; 8BB8 =094QB >?0A=K<8 =02830F8>==K5 CA;>28O. & 59AB2C9B5 A>>B25BAB25==>.

 

-E> 2>>1@0605?0A5=89 4>:0B8;>AL 4> >5==>3> A>25B0. 204F0BL ?5@2>3> O=20@O ?@5<8=8AB@ =0?8A0; <=5, GB> A>18@05B !>25B 28-3> G8A;0 8 65;05B C2845BL A@548 ?@83;0HQ==KE 8 6>=0 65;;8:>. / 7015A?>:>8;AO: 2@06451=K5 ?>;8B8G5A:85 B>:8 >?OBL >1>@0G820;8AL ?@>B82 4<8@0;B59AB20. =5 =5 ?>=@028;0AL 70B5O 2K720BL 65;;8:> 2 >=4>=, =0 >5==K9 A>25B 8 ;8H8BL @0=4 $;8B :><0=4CNI53> 2 B> 2@5340 ?> A;>20< A0<>3> AM@0 6>=0 =0< ?@8E>48;>AL 15A?>:>8BLAO 70 A8;C D;>B0. A5 A2845B5;LAB20 C:07K20;8 =0 @>AB 2@065A:>9 0:B82=>AB8. / 2>A?@>B828;AO ?@83;0H5=8N 65;;8:> 2 AB>;8FC.

=0G0;5 3>40, :0975@ A45;0; 2K2>4 87 48A:CAA88 A 4<8@0;-HB01>< 8 =0;>68; 65AB>:85 >3@0=8G5=8O =0 459AB28O 35@<0=A:>3> D;>B0. 4<8@0; =35=>;L, A;54CO 8 @A:8< @5H5=8O<, A>1@0;AO >B?@028BL =0 CG5=8O 2 0;B89A:>5 <>@5 A0<>I=CN 87 A2>8E MA:04@ "@5BLN, 87 «:0975@>2» 8 «:Q=83>2»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«<=>65AB2> 0=3;89A:8E :>@01;59, 84CI8E =0 2>AB>:; A@548 =8E =5A:>;L:> ;8=59=KE :@59A5@>2 8 >:>;> AB0 <0;KE AC4>2»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

5B>28;8AL : >B?>@C, => ?@>72CG0; >B1>9. 070;>AL 5AB5AB25==K<, GB> =35=>;L =5 1C45B 4>1820BLAO <>@A:>3> =0ABC?;5=8O 2 !525@=>< <>@5 A ?@56=59 =0AB>OB5;L=>ABLN, :0: MB> O2AB2>20;> 87 53> 65 48@5:B82 8 70?8A59 2 2>5==>< 6C@=0;5. > ?>3>40 C;CGH8;0AL 8 28F5-04<8@0; -::5@<0=, =0G0;L=8: HB010, @5H8; =025@AB0BL C?CI5==K5 87-70 A:25@=KE <5B5>@>;>38G5A:8E CA;>289 45;0. 22 O=20@O >= =0?8A0; :><0=4CNI5

«A;8 =0702B@0 ?>3>40 =5 ?5@5<5=8BAO 8 >AB0=5BAO B0:>9 65, :0: A53>4=OH=8< 4=Q< 8 25G5@><, :@59A5@0 8 MA<8=FK <>3CB 2K9B8 : >335@-10=:5 A 1>;LH>9, ?> <>5<=5=8N, ?>;L7>9.

=8 2K94CB =>GLN, ?@84CB =0 <5AB> : CB@C 8 25@=CBAO 25G5@><ý».

 

4<8@0; =35=>;L (3>2>@8B 35@<0=A:89 8AB>@8:) =5<54;5==> ?>=O;, GB> ?@54;>65=85 84QB 2@07@57 A 53> ?>A;54=8<8 C:070=8O<8, 8 A45;0; 70<5B:C =0 ?>;OE:

«@54?>G8B0N, GB>1K ?>4>1=0O 0:F8O =5?@5<5==> ?@>2>48;0AL 2A5< D;>B><. A>60;5=8N, 2 =0AB>OI89 <><5=B MB> =52>7<>6=>»

 

, B5< =5 <5=55, >= 40; A>3;0A85&

 

!;54CNI8< CB@><, 2 10:25, 2 04@5A :>=B@-04<8@0;0 %8??5@0 ?>H;0 @048>3@0<<0:

«5@20O 8 B>@0O @07254K20B5;L=K5 3@C??K, :><0=4CNI89 <8=>=>A=K<8 A8;0<8 8 425 D;>B8;88 ?> 2K1>@C :><0=4CNI53> @07254K20B5;L=K<8 A8;0<8 84CB =0 @07254:C 2 @09>= >335@-10=:8. K9B8 MB8< 25G5@><, ?>A;5 =0ABC?;5=8O B5<=>BK 8 25@=CBLAO 702B@0 25G5@><, 2 BQ<=>5 2@5

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

 

«5@2K9 ;>@4, =0H8 4@C7LO A>18@0NBAO 2KAC=CBLAO A=>20».

«>340?»

«>GLN. # =0A 5ABL 2@51K >B?@028BL : =8< 8BB8».

 

K ?@8=O;8AL @0AAK;0BL B5;53@0<>1I5=8O CE>48;8 1KAB@>9 G5@54>9.

 

4<8@0;B59AB2>, :><<>4>@C ("),[12] 0@28G. B<5=O5< ?;0= Z. A5 20H8 MA<8=FK 8 ;Q3:85 :@59A5@0 1C4CB =C6=K : =>G8. B<5=8B5 >B?@02:C MA:>@B=KE MA<8=F52 2 (8@=5AA.

 

4<8@0;B59AB2>, 28F5-04<8@0;C «09>=», >709B. C4LB5 3>B>2K : =5<54;5==>4C A> 2A5<8 ;8=59=K<8 :@59A5@0<8, ;Q3:8<8 :@59A5@0<8 8 <>@5E>4=K<8 MA<8=F0<8. 68409B5 ?@8:070.

 

4<8@0;B59AB2>, 3;02=>:><0=4CNI5@0O 8 '5B2Q@B0O ;8=59=K5 MA:04@K, :@59A5@0 8 ;Q3:85 :@59A5@0 4>;6=K 1KBL 3>B>2K : ?>E>4C A53>4=OH=8< 25G5@>< ?>A;5 =0ABC?;5=8O B5<=>BK.

 

"5;53@0<@>B:> 87;>68; A>45@60=85 ?5@5E20G5==KE 8 45:>48@>20==KE =0H8<8 :@8?B>3@0D0<8 =5<5F:8E A>>1I5=89 8 A2545=8O, ?>;CG5==K5 ?> 4@C38< :0=0;0< ?>4254>9 8;LA>=C @07254:8. A5 1KAB@>E>4=K5 AC40 5@<0=88 2KH;8 2 <>@5 A B5<=>B>9, 8 ?@545;Q==> >68405< =0153 =0 15@530 @8B0=88. >;;538 >1JOA=8;8 <=5, :B> <>65B ?5@5E20B8BL =5

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

 

-B8< 25G5@>< G5BK@5 35@<0=A:8E ;8=59=KE :@59A5@0, H5ABL ;Q3:8E :@59A5@>2 8 4204F0BL 420 MA<8=F0 2K94CB =0 ?>8A: : >335@-10=:5 A 2>7<>6=K< 2>72@0I5=85< 4><>9 : 25G5@C 702B@0H=53> 4=O. 02B@0, 2 7:00 2A5< =0;8G=K< ;8=59=K< :@59A5@0<, ;Q3:8< :@59A5@0< 8 MA<8=F0< 87 >709B0 ?>4>9B8 : B>G:5 @0=452C 55013' A.H., 3012' 2.4. ><<>4>@ (") A> 2A5<8 8<5NI8<8AO C =53> MA<8=F0<8 8 ;Q3:8<8 :@59A5@0<8 84QB 87 0@28G0 2 C:070==CN B>G:C 2AB@5G8 8, : 7:00, A>548=O5BAO A MA:04@>9 28F5-04<8@0;0 A D;03>< =0 «09>=5». A;8 ?> ?CB8 :><<>4>@ (") 70<5B8B 2@030 =0 ?5@5A5:0NI5 0B0:C5B 53>. [5A?@>2>;>G=K9] B[5;53@0D] 8A?>;L7>20BL ;8HL ?@8 :@09=59 =5>1E>48<>AB8. "5;53@0<<0 >B?@02;5=0 :><0=4CNI5B 5B@>?>;88; 28F5-04<8@0;C, «09>=»; 28F5-04<8@0;C "@5BLO ;8=59=0O MA:04@0; 8 :><<>4>@C (").

 

K ?@>25;8 >:>;> G0A0 70 :0;L:C;OF8O<8 8 2 48A:CAA8OE, => ?5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 >AB020;AO 4><0 8 2 =52545=88. / ?>?@>A8; @BC@0 8;LA>=0 8 =0G0;L=8:0 HB010 >B=5AB8 :0@BK 8 G5@=>28: B5;53@0<<=5=8O =5 @07>94CBAO, >B?@02;OBL ?@8:07. $8H5@ 2?>;=5 A>3;0A8;AO A =0H8<8 @5H5=8O<8, 8 45;> =0G0;>AL.

@>HQ; 45=L, =0ABC?8; 25G5@. '8B0B5;L <>65B 2>>1@078BL, :0: ;385 G0AK. K =8:>25@8;8 B09=K. B>B 25G5@ O 1K; ?@83;0HQ= =0 C68=: D@0=FC7A:89 ?>A>; G5AB2>20; ?@81K2H53> 2 >=4>= A 206=>9 <8AA859 3>A?>48=0 8;L5@0=0, 2 B> 2@55==>3> <8=8AB@0 $@0=F88. >:@>2 7=0=8O 8 =58<>25@=>5 2=CB@5==55 =0?@O65=85 >B45;8;8 <5=O >B A>1@02H59AO 87KA:0==>9 ?C1;8:8. 45:01@5 < 8AB>G=8:0< 8=D>@<0F88. AQ 1K;> 7K1:>. >4G0A :070;>AL, GB> =8G53> =5 ?@>87>94QB. "5?5@L, ?>A;5 ?@>H;>3>4=53> >?KB0, O 4C<0; ;8HL >1 >4=>< > 1>5 =0 70@5! 5@20O 2 8AB>@88 AE20B:0 <>3CG8E AC?5@4@54=>CB>2! >102LB5 : MB>E>B=8:0: E8I=K9 725@L HQ; ?@O<> 2 ;>2CH:C!

0 A;54CNI55 CB@> 2A5 ?>4=O;8AL 70B5<=>. 5=L ;8HL 701@5768; 70 >:=0<8, :>340 $8H5@, 8;LA>=, ;825@ 8 O A>1@0;8AL 2 >?5@0B82=>< ?C=:B5. 4<8@0;B59AB25 @01>B0;0 >1KG=0O =>G=0O A<5=0, A;C60I85 @07=KE 45?0@B0<5=B>2. 24@C3 ?5@54 =0<8 ?>;>68;8 B5;53@0<AL =5>B2@0B8<>5, @0AAG8B0==>5 A B>G=>ABLN 2>5==>3> ?0@040 42865=85 A>1KB89. 5@20O MA:04@0 ;Q3:8E :@59A5@>2 4>:;04K20;0 =0 «09>=» (8BB8) 8 «9@>= N:» (65;;8:>):

 

(B?@02;5=> 2 7:30 CB@0. @8=OB> 2 8:10 CB@0). !@>G=>. 86C 2@030. 54054' A.H., 3030' 2.4. 4QB =0 2>AB>:. 8=59=K5 :@59A5@0 8 :@59A5@0, G8A;5==>ABL =58725AB=0.

 

, G5@57 425 <8=CBK:

 

!@>G=>. 55034' A.H., 4012' 2.4. 86C 2@030, :@59A5@0 8 MA<8=FK, ;8=59=K5 :@59A5@0, ;Q3:85 :@59A5@0, 45@68B :C@A N3 - N3>-2>AB>:.

 

B0:, MB> A25@H8;>AL A=>20!

 

/ >AB020;AO 2 B8E>< ?>:>5 4<8@0;B59AB20 8 2>>1@060; 3@0=48>7=>5 A@065=85 - H03 70 H03><, <8=CB0 70 <8=CB>9 2 @0AAC4>G=><, =51K20;> =0?@O6Q==>< 2>71C645=88. 40;8 >B =0A, 2 >B:@KB>< <>@5, =0 ?0;C10E 1>52KE :>@01;59, A@548 >H5;><8B5;L=>3> ?CH5G=>3> 3@><0 @01>B0;8 8=K5, <>@A:85 ;N48, 8 8E 25I=>@C >B:@K20;8AL >1@K2:8 >1I59 :0@B8=K. "0< F0@8; 4CE 45;0 2 53> 25;8G09H5< =0?@O65=88, B0< 1C@;8;0 O@>ABL 1>O, B0< B@C48;8AL @C:8 8 C<>70125==>, 2> 2AN A8;C. > 745AL, 2 #09BE>;;5, @07<5@5==> B8:0;8 G0AK, <>;G0;82K5 ;N48 @8A>20;8 ;8=88, ?>:@K20;8 ;8ABK @0AGQB0<8, C:07K20;8 ?0;LF5< =0 :0@B5 8 @>=O;8 B8E85, :>@>B:85 70<5G0=8O, 0 4@C385 ;N48 2E>48;8 2 425@L B8E>9 8 1KAB@>9 ?>E>4:>9 8 2K:;04K20;8 ?5@54 ?5@2K<8 1C<06=K5 ?>;>A:8, 8A?8A0==K5 :0@0=40H><. "5;53@0<;L:> <8=CB ?>A;5 ?5@5E20B0 8 45H8D@>2:8, 70G0ABCN 2 =525@=>9 ?>A;54>20B5;L=>AB8, A?;>HL 8 @O4>< BQ<=>3> AB7K20;0AL < >1@07>< 1>O; :0@B8=0 <5@F0;0, <5=O;0 A>1@065=85 ?8B0;>AL ?>ABC?02H8<8 A>>1I5=8O<8 8 <5B0;>AL <564C =04564>9 8 A<.

 

5@20O MA:04@0 ;Q3:8E :@59A5@>2 :><0=4CNI5

(>A;0=> 2 8 CB@0. >;CG5=> 2 8:20.) @065A:85 :>@01;8 87<5=8;8 :C@A =0 !-.

 

«09>=» :><0=4CNI5

(>A;0=> 2 8:30 CB@0. >;CG5=> 2 8:37.) 86C 2@030: G5BK@5 ;8=59=KE :@59A5@0, G5BK@5 ;Q3:8E :@59A5@0, MA<8=FK, G8A;> =58725AB=>, 84QB .. 61 . 11 <8;L. >8 :>>@48=0BK 54050' A.H., 3037' 2.4. C@A .. 40 . 26 C7;>2.

 

><0=4CNI89 "@5BL59 ;8=59=>9 MA:04@5.

(>A;0=> 2 9 CB@0. >;CG5=> 2 9:18.) !;54C9B5 : 5;L3>;0=4C.

 

><<>4>@ "M@28BB :><0=4CNI5

(>A;0=> 2 9:05 CB@0. >;CG5=> 2 9:27.) 1-O D;>B8;8O 8 3-O D;>B8;8O 70 :>@<>9 ;8=59=KE :@59A5@>2. 2 <8;8.

 

><0=4CNI89 "@5BL59 ;8=59=>9 MA:04@5.

(>A;0=> 2 9:20 CB@0. >;CG5=> 2 9:28.) 48B5 =0 ?>445@6:C 5@2>9 MA:04@K ;8=59=KE :@59A5@>2.

 

«09>=» :><0=4CNI5

(>A;0=> 2 9:30 CB@0. >;CG5=> 2 9:48.) 02O70; 1>9 A 2@065A:8<8 ;8=59=K<8 :@59A5@0<8. 8AB0=F8O 16 000 O@4>2.

 

5@20O MA:04@0 ;Q3:8E :@59A5@>2 «09>=C»

(>A;0=> 2 10:08 CB@0. >;CG5=> 2 10:18.) @03 2KA;0; =0 <5=O 706C.

 

5@20O MA:04@0 ;Q3:8E :@59A5@>2 «09>=C»

(>A;0=> 2 10:21 CB@0. >;CG5=> 2 10:27.) #45@6820N :>=B0:B A =5?@8OB5;5<.

 

5@20O MA:04@0 ;Q3:8E :@59A5@>2 :><0=4CNI5=C»

(>A;0=> 2 10:15 CB@0. >;CG5=> 2 10:59.) @065A:85 48@8601;8 -.-.

 

>-2848<>=» 8 5@20O MA:04@0 ;Q3:8E :@59A5@>2 702O70;8 A@065=85 A =5?@8OB5;5<. 0B5< D;03<0= 8BB8 70<>;G0;. @>H;> ?@8<5@=> ?>;B>@0 G0A0. !C4O ?> 2A5= 65;;8:> =5 2K45@60; 3=5BCI59 B8H8=K.

 

><0=4CNI89 «09>=C»

(>A;0=> 2 11:01 CB@0. >;CG5=> 4<8@0;B59AB2>< 2 11:09.) K 2 1>N?

 

204F0BL >G5=L 4>;38E <8=CB ?@>H;8 2 <>;G0=88. 0:>=5F, 2 11:37, ?>ABC?8;> A>>1I5=85, => =5 >B «09>=0» 8;8 5@2>9 MA:04@K ;8=59=KE :@59A5@>2, 0 >B :><0=48@0 B>@>9 MA:04@K ;8=59=KE :@59A5@>2 :><0=4CNI5

 

"O6Q;K9 1>9 A 2@065A:8<8 ;8=59=K<8 :@59A5@0<8. 54019' A.H., 5005' 2.4.

 

B>-B> A:070;: «C@ @0?>@BC5B, 4>;6=> 1KBL «09>=» C=8GB>65=». 3>;>2C ?@8H;> =5C<5AB=>5. / ?>4C<0; > ?>E>@>==>9 A;C615 G5@5AGC@ 7=0:><>5 7@5;8I5, 5AB<8=AB5@A:>5 110BAB2>, B>;?0 2>5==KE 8 HB0BA:8E, 3@>1, =0:@KBK9 .=8>= 65:><, ?@>=78B5;L=0O

:>=5G=>< AGQB5, 2845=85 >:070;>AL ;>6=K<, =>, C2K, 1;87:8< : 8AB8=5. «09>=» 1K; @0718B.

@59 0B<>AD5@K >?5@0B82=>3> ?C=:B0 : MA:04@0< 2 >B:@KB>< <>@5.

4<8@0; 8BB8 A ?OBLN ;8=59=K<8 :@59A5@0<8 («09>=», «"0935@», «@8=F5A >9O;», «LN 8;5=4» 8 «=4><8B51;») 8 G5BK@L<8 :@59A5@0<8 ?>4>HQ; : B>G:5 @0=452C A ?5@2K<8 ;CG0<8 OA=>3> 78<=53> CB@0 8 ?@8 A?>:>9=>< <>@5. '5@57 45AOBL <8=CB >= C2845; :><<>4>@0 "M@28BB0 =0 «@5BC75» A A5<8 MA<8=F0<8 :;0AA0 «» - 020=30@4>< 0@28GA:>9 C40@=>9 3@C??K - 8 BCB 65 C40@8;> ?5@2>5 >@C485. «2@>@0», =03>=O2H0O :><<>4>@0 A> 2A59 2>7<>6=>9 A:>@>ABLN 8 >BAB02H0O >B "M@28BB0 =0 =5A:>;L:> <8;L 2<5AB5 A «=40C=B54><ý» 8 4204F0BL >4=8< MA<8=F5< 5@2>9 8 "@5BL59 D;>B8;89, 2>H;0 2 :>=B0:B A A8;0<8 %8??5@0: «594;8F», «>;LB:5», «5@D;8=35@», «;NE5@», G5BK@5 ;Q3:8E :@59A5@0 8 4204F0BL 420 MA<8=F0. 8;LA>= 8 ;825@ 2 B>G=>AB8 ?@54A:070;8 :C@A 8 2@5O2;5=8O 35@<0=A:>3> 04<8@0;0. «2@>@0» >B:@K;0 >3>=L ?> =5<5F:><54;5==> ?@>A83=0;8;0, GB> 2ABC?8;0 2 1>9 «A $;>B>< B:@KB>3> >@O». "@8 ;8=88 =0ABC?;5=8O A>H;8AL GCBL ;8 =5 2 >4=>9 B>G:5.

'8B0B5;N 8725AB=K ?@8G8=K 2K;07:8 %8??5@0. ! @0AA25B>< :>@01;8 =5<5F:>3> 04<8@0;0 2KAB@>8;8AL 2 ?@>BO6Q==CN ;8=8N 8, 4>;6=> 1KBL, ?>H;8 =0 ?>8A: 1@8B0=A:8E @K1>;>25F:8E AC4>2 8 ;Q3:8E ?0B@C;L=KE A8;. 0;L=59H55 >G5=L ?@>AB>. %8??5@ >1=0@C68; ?@>B82 A51O <=>3>G8A;5==K5 1@8B0=A:85 :>@01;8, C2845; A@548 =8E ;8=59=K5 :@59A5@0 8  ?@8=O; =5<54;5==>5 @5H5=85 - A>1@0; >B@O4, A45;0; ?>;=K9 ?>2>@>B :@C3>< 8, A> 2A5< ?@>2>@AB2><, =0?@028;AO 4><>9. MB><5=8 459AB2CNI89 A @02=>9 ?>A?5H=>ABLN 04<8@0; 8BB8 CA?5; ?5@5A5GL ;8=8N :>;>==K %8??5@0 : N3C >B 70 35@<0=A:>3> :>@01;O 8 : 8 G0A0< 2 14 <8;OE >B =5?@8OB5;O 1@>A8;AO 24>3>= =0 ?0@0;;5;L=>< :C@A5. 0G0;>AL 3@0=48>7=>5 A>ABO70=85 1KAB@59H8E :>@01;59 42CE D;>B>2. 5?@8OB5;L <>3 @071@>A0BL ?>7048 A51O <8=K, 8 1@8B0=A:85 :>@01;8 C:;>=8;8AL >B :8;L20B5@=>9 ;8=88 %8??5@0. C45=0D A G5BK@L<8 :@59A5@0<8 45@60;AO =5<=>3> A525@=55, "M@28BB A> 2A5<8 A2>8<8 MA<8=F0<8 8 :@59A5@0<8 N6=55, 1@8B0=A:85 ;8=59=K5 :@59A5@0 N6=55 "M@28BB0.

@8 ACE>?CB=>< ?@5A;54>20=88 2>9A:0 4286CBAO ?> =5?>4286=>;N. C?>@=>9 <>@A:>9 ?>3>=5 >B=>A8B5;L=K5 ?>78F88 ?@>B82=8:>2 <5=ONBAO 8A?>42>;L, 2 B> 2@5;5 1>O C=>A8BAO =0704 A> A:>@>ABLN ?CI5==>3> 2 30;>? :>=O. B0:>< ?>;>65=88 >15 AB>@>=K <>3CB >AB0BLAO =04>;3>. > 1@8B0=A:85 ;8=59=K5 :@59A5@0 ?>AB>O==> =0@0I820;8 A:>@>ABL 8 2A:>@5 =0G0;8 O2=> 4>3>=OBL 35@<0=F52. 8:30 E>4 ?>4=O;8 4> 26 C7;>2: =0 >48= C75; 1>;LH5 ?@>5:B=>9 A:>@>AB8 «=4><8B51;0» 8 «LN 8;5=40». 8BB8 ?@>A83=0;8;: «B;8G=>, «=4><8B51;»» 8 ?@8:070; C25;8G8BL A:>@>ABL A=0G0;0 4> 27, 0 G5@57 :>@>B:>5 2@5 28 8 29 C7;>2, => ;8HL B@8 3>;>2=KE :>@01;O «09>=», 70 =8< «"0935@» 8 «@8=F5AA >9O;» <>3;8 @0728BL B0:>9 87C<8B5;L=K9 E>4. 8BB8 @5H8; ?5@5E20B8BL 2@030 8 =0G0BL 1>9 B@5@01;O<8 ?@>B82 G5BK@QE.

8AB0=F8O <564C :>=F52K<8 35@<0=A:8<8 :>@01;O<8 8 ?5@54>2K<8 1@8B0=A:8<8 =5C:;>==> A>:@0I0;0AL. !C?5@4@54=>CBK @0728;8 B0:CN A:>@>ABL, GB> MA<8=FK 5420 ?>A?520;8 70 =8<8.

A0<>< =0G0;5, 2 <><5=B 287C0;L=>3> :>=B0:B0 "M@28BB =0F5;8; A2>8 A>@>: :>@01;59 2 ?@><56CB>: <564C MA:04@0<8 2@065A:8E ;8=59=KE :@59A5@>2. -B> ?@825;> : =5C4>1AB2C: 1KAB@>E>4=K5 MA<8=FK :;0AA0 «» H;8 =0 2@030 1>: > 1>: A ;8=59=K<8 :@59A5@0<8 8 <>3;8 70:@KBL 8< 2848<>ABL >3@><=K<8 :;C10<8 4K<0. > 27OBK9 B5 72>;O; "M@28BBC >1>9B8 8BB8 =0?5@5@57, 2K9B8 =0 N6=K9 D;0=3 8 25AB8 ?>3>=N A> A:>@>ABLN <8=82. "M@28BB <>3 1K ?>3>48BL, >BAB0BL >B ;8=59=KE :@59A5@>2 8BB8 8 ?@>9B8 70 =8<8 =0 N6=K9 D;0=3, => ;8HL A >?0A=>ABLN =02A5340 ?>B5@OBL 3>=:C. B0:, >= =5 <>3 4>3=0BL 35@<0=F52 8 >1>9B8 3>;>2C :>;>==K 2@030, => >AB020;AO =5<=>3> ?>7048 8 70 ;8=859 1@8B0=A:8E ;8=59=KE :@59A5@>2; 2 :0:><-B> A@01;8 8BB8 >B45;O;8 "M@28BB0 >B =5?@8OB5;O.

:>;> 9 G0A>2 «09>=» >B:@K; >3>=L.[15] ?;>BL 4> 1914 3>40, 40;L=>ABL AB@5;L1 =0 0@B8;;5@89A:8E CG5=8OE =5 ?@52KH0;0 10 000 O@4>2. 5A=>9 1914 3>40 O ?@8:070; ?@>25AB8 M:A?5@8<5=B A> AB@5;L1>9 =0 14 000 O@4>2; D;>B, : 2A5>1I5<54;5==> 4>18;AO 7=0G8B5;L=>9 B>G=>AB8. > MB>B C@>: =5 1K; 4>;6=K< >1@07>< CA2>5= 4> A0<>3> =0G0;0 2>9=K. "5?5@L, 2 ?5@2>< 65 A@065=88 AC?5@4@54=>CB>2 ?@5A;54>20B5;8 ?> A2>5<>B@5=8N >B:@K;8 >3>=L A =52840==>9 48AB0=F88 2 20 000 O@4>2. B>@>9 70;? ?> «;NE5@C» 40; ?5@5;QB 8 «09>=» =0G0; 25AB8 @07<5@5==K9 >3>=L. 0AAB>O=85 <564C ?@>B82=8:0<8 =5?@5@K2=> A>:@0I0;>AL, «"0935@» 8 «@8=F5AA >90;» >B:@K;8 >3>=L 8 ?>GB8 =5<54;5==> =0:@K;8 «;NE5@». 5@<0=FK >B25B8;8 2 G5B25@BL 45AOB>3>. «09>=» A>A@54>B>G8;AO =0 «5@D;8=35@5», 2 B> 2@590;» ?@>4>;68;8 25AB8 >3>=L ?> «;NE5@C». !=0@O4K =0G0;8 ?>@060BL >10 =5<5F:8E :>@01;O. "@5B89 70;? C40@8; «;NE5@0» 2 20B5@;8=8N 8 70<54;8; 53> E>4; G5B2Q@BK9 ?@8G8=8; >3@><=K5 @07@CH5=8O, 2K25; 87 AB@>O 425 :>@<>2K5 10H=8, ?>@078; >B 200 4> 300 G5;>25:. 9:35 «LN 8;5=4» ?@81;878;AO : «;NE5@C» =0 48AB0=F8N 459AB25==>3> >3=O 8 8BB8 40; ?> MA:04@5 A83=0;: 70=OBLAO A2>8< 287028 2> 2@065A:>9 :>;>==5, :>@01;L ?@>B82 :>@01;O 8 A0< >B:@K; >3>=L ?> =5<5F:><0=C, 3>;>2=>@C 2@030, «594;8FC». 5@2K9 A=0@O4 «09>=0» ?>@078; «594;8F» A @0AAB>O=8O 17 000 O@4>2 8 ?@8G8=8; C60A=K5 @07@CH5=8O: @0718; :>@68; 425 704=85 10H=8. «@C489=K5 @0AGQBK >1>8E 10H5= ?8H5B (?55@ <3=>25==> ?>381;8; ?;04=O;>AL =0 2KA>BC 4><0».

 

"5< 2@5<5=5<, 2@03 =0G0; >B1820BLAO. «"0935@» =525@=> ?>=O; ?@8:07 8, ?>AB>O==> ?@><0E820OAL, AB@5;O; ?> «594;8FC» 2<5AB5 A «09>=><ý». ><0=48@ «@8=F5AA >90;» 25@=> 2K1@0; «5@D;8=35@», «LN 8;5=4» 70=8<0;AO «;NE5@><ý», «=4><8B51;» =5 CA?5; 2K9B8 =0 48AB0=F8N >3=O. "5< A0;LB:5» >AB0;AO 157 >??>=5=B0 8 <>3 157 ?><5E 25AB8 >3>=L ?> «09>=C».[16] "@8 3>;>2=KE =5<5F:8E :>@01;O A>A@54>B>G8;8 >3>=L =0 «09>=5» 8 =0H 25;8:>;5?=K9 D;03<0=, =5CAB@0H8@01;L 04<8@0;0, ?>;B>@0 G0A0 8 =0 ?@545;L=>9 A:>@>AB8 HQ; G5@57 >3=5==K9 HB>@<. >@5 274K<0;>AL <>I=K<8 D>=B0=0<8 @07@K2>2, B>==K 2>4K ?040;8 =0 ?0;C1C. !=0@O4K ;>68;8AL 24>;L 1>@B>2 8 2K?CA:0;8 2 2>74CE <=>65AB2> >A:>;:>2. 0G8=0O A ?>;>28=K 45AOB>3>, 2@065A:85 70;?K =0G0;8 =0:@K20BL F5;L. !@07C ?>A;5 45AOB8 CB@0, A=0@O4 ?>?0; 2 =>A>2CN 10H=N «09>=0» 8 2K25; 87 AB@>O >4=> 87 >@C489. '5@57 =5A:>;L:> <8=CB, 11-B8 4N9<>2K9 A=0@O4 ?@>18; 1@>=N. 10:18, 2 «09>=» C40@8;8 420 12-B8 4N9<>2KE A=0@O40 A «5@D;8=35@0»: ?5@2K9 ?@>18; 1@>=N 8 27>@20;AO 2=CB@8 :>@01;O; =5A:>;L:> >BA5:>2 1K;> 70B>?;5=>. B>@>9 ?>?0; 2 1@>=52>9 ;8AB =865 20B5@;8=88. 8BB8 ?@5=51@Q3 1>52>9 @C1:>9 8 AB>O; A@548 >D8F5@>2 =0 >B:@KB>< <>AB8:5; >= 2Q; :>@01;L =0 ?@545;L=>9 A:>@>AB8, =8 =0 <3=>25=85 =5 A=860O E>40 8, 2@5B 2@5<5=8, 45;0; 7837038, A1820O A F5;8 2@065A:8E 0@B8;;5@8AB>2. >;>65=85 :070;>AL 1;03>?@8OB=K<. 8 >48= 87 ;8=59=KE :@59A5@>2 =5 ?>;CG8; A5@LQ7=KE C25G89, ?>4>A?52H89 «=4><8B51;» <>3 27OBL =0 A51O >BAB02H85 8 ?>2@564Q==K5 :>@01;8 2@030. > ?@81;860;AO :@878A 1>O.

10:22 :>@01;8 8BB8 702>;>:;> 3CABK< 4K<><. 4<8@0; >B40; ;8=59=K< :@59A5@0< ?@8:07: «5@5AB@>8BLAO 2 AB@>9 ?5;5=30 !.!.»,[17] 8 84B8 2?5@Q4 =0 ?@545;L=>9 A:>@>AB8. = @5H8; 2K25AB8 ;8=59=K5 :@59A5@0 87-?>4 7025AK 4K<0, 2>4=KE 1@K73, 8 ?>425AB8 70@01;8 MA:04@K : =5?@8OB5;N. 5@<0=FK H;8 AB@>5< ?5;5=30 =0 ;52K9 1>@B «594;8F0». @065A:85 D;>B8;88 87<5=8;8 :C@A 8 ?>25@=C;8 =0?@02>, 2K=C640O 8BB8 84B8 C =8E 70 :>@<>9 ?> A1@>H5==K< <8=0< 8 B>@?540<. 0@DO=A:89 ?@8Q< 35@<0=F52 70AB028; 8BB8 2>745@60BLAO >B A1;865=8O 8 C45@6820BL ?0@0;;5;L=K9 :C@A ?>4 C60A=K< >3=Q<. >@OI89 «;NE5@» >BAB0; >B 2@065A:>3> AB@>O; 2 10:45 8BB8 ?@8:070; «=4><8B51;C» - :>@01;L =5A:>;L:> >BAB0; >B >A=>2=KE A8;, => 1KAB@> ?@81;860;AO - «B0:>20BL 2@030, ?@>@K20NI53>AO =0 A525@», 8<5O 2 284C «;NE5@» 8, 2A;54 70 B5<, ?@54?@8=O; 5IQ =5A:>;L:> ?>?KB>: A1;878BLAO A =5?@8OB5;5<. B><5=8, «09>=» CA?5; ?>;CG8BL G5BK@=04F0BL ?>?040=89, => 2 10:52, 2 A0<>< @0730@5 1>O A «594;8F5<ý», «>;LB:5» 8 «5@D;8=35@><ý» =>2K9 C40@ 2=570?=> 70AB>?>@8; E>4 D;03<0=0 8 @5H8; AC4L1C =0H59, :070;>AL 1K, ?>;=>9 ?>154K A0< >1@07><. 2830B5;L ;52>3> 1>@B0 2KH5; 87 AB@>O, «09>=» 40; :@5= 2 10 3@04CA>2, 70 =5A:>;L:> <8=CB 53> A:>@>ABL C?0;0 4> 15-B8 C7;>2.

<><5=B (10:54), :>340 @0718BK9 «09>=» 2K?0; 87 ;8=88, 0 «"0935@», «@8=F5AA >90;» 8 «LN 8;5=4» 1KAB@> 4>3>=O;8 ?>2@564Q==K9 D;03<0=, 04<8@0;C 8BB8 4>=5A;8 > ?5@8A:>?5 A ?@02>3> 1>@B0. !C1<0@8=C 70<5B8;8 A D>@-<0@A0 «09>=0», 5Q C2845; A0< 8BB8 8 2A5 53> >D8F5@K; A53>4=O <, GB> 2 B> 2@5< A0<>< <5AB5 459AB28B5;L=> =0E>48;8AL ?>42>4=K5 ;>4:8 2@030. 8BB8 @5H8; >B25B8BL =0 =>2CN >?0A=>ABL 1KAB@K< <0=Q2@>< 8 ?@8:070; 2A59 MA:04@5 ?>25@=CBL =0 8 @C<1>2 2;52>, B> 5ABL 84B8 G5@57 704K =5?@8OB5;LA:>3> AB@>O ?>4 ?@O< : ?@54K4CI5;030; ;8HL :@0B:>2@5<5==K9 <0=Q2@ 8 G5@57 G5BK@5 <8=CBK >B40; =>2K9 ?@8:07: «C@A =0 A525@>-2>AB>:», => 45;> CA?5;> 2K9B8 87-?>4 53> :>=B@>;O. «09>=» >AB0;AO 40;5:> 70 :>@<>9 A>@0B=8:>2. @>65:B>@0 D;03<0=0 1K;8 @0718BK, 15A?@>2>4=0O CAB0=>2:0 C<>;:;0, 87 2A5E A83=0;L=KE A@54AB2 >AB0;8AL ;8HL D;038. >3CG85 ;8=:>@K, 4@C7LO 8 2@038 @0AA5:0;8 <>@5 =0 A:>@>AB8 >:>;> 30-B8 <8;L 2 G0A, ;N1>5 >B:;>=5=85 B>BG0A <5=O;> @8AC=>: 1>O, 0 «09>=», :>@01;L 04<8@0;0 8BB8, 4CH0 8 48@86Q@ 18B2K, >E@><5; 8 ?>GB8 ;8H8;AO 3>;>A0. 8BB8 40; 420 ?>A;54=8E A83=0;0: «B0:C9B5 E2>AB =5?@8OB5;LA:>3> AB@>O» 8, 70B5<, C:070=85: «5@68B5AL 1;865 : ?@>B82=8:C. >2B>@8B5 ?>A;54=89 A83=0;». > :><18=0F8N @072520NI8EAO A83=0;L=KE D;03>2 1K;> B@C4=> ?@>G5ABL, 8 =8 >48= ;8=59=K9 :@59A5@ =5 ?>;CG8; ?@8:070.

A;>682H8EAO >1AB>OB5;LAB20E :><0=4C =04 MA:04@>9 ?@8=O; :>=B@-04<8@0; C@: >= HQ; =0 «LN 8;5=45», B5?5@L B@5BL5< :>@01;5 2 AB@>N. >;LHCN G0ABL <>53> <8=8AB5@AB20 C@ @01>B0; 2 4<8@0;B59AB25 B@5BL8< <>@A:8< ;>@4><. K40NI85AO A?>A>1=>AB8 04<8@0;0 ?@52>AE>4=> ?>4E>48;8 8<5==> 4;O MB>9 4>;6=>AB8, => >= =0AB>O; =0 <>@A:><, ?>4>10NI5< 53> @0=3C 8 AB06C, :><0=4>20=88. K C4>2;5B2>@8;8 65;0=85 C@0; B5?5@L <>@A:><0=48@C C;K1=C;0AL D>@BC=0, => C;K1=C;0AL :0:-B> 42CA. @5645 2A53>, 04<8@0; =5 1K; C25@5=, GB> ?>;CG8; ?@02> 25AB8 MA:04@C. $>@<0;L=>9 ?5@540G8 :><0=4>20=8O =5 A>AB>O;>AL. = =5 ?>=8<0;, ?>G5<8@0; 8BB8 @57:> >B25@=C; =0 A525@. ;>68;8 > ?>O2;5=88 2@065A:8E AC1<0@8=. !83=0; «B0:C9B5 E2>AB =5?@8OB5;LA:>3> AB@>O» 1K; ?>4=OB =0 «09>=5» 4> A?CA:0 ?@54K4CI53> A83=0;0 «C@A =0 A525@>-2>AB>:». 8=59=K5 :@59A5@0 ?@>G;8 >10 A83=0;0 2<5AB5; ?5@54 C@><, =0 A525@>-2>AB>:5 65AB>:> ?@5B5@?520; >48=>:89 «;NE5@» 8 04<8@0; ?>=O; :><18=0F8N D;03>2 :0: OA=K9 ?@8:07 0B0:>20BL 53>. 8 C@, =8 >48= 87 ;8=59=KE :@59A5@>2 =5 C2845;8 ?>A;54=53> A83=0;0 «5@68B5AL 1;865 : ?@>B82=8:C». «"0935@», B5?5@L ?5@2K9 :>@01;L 2 AB@>N, A>E@0=8; ?@56=89 :C@A, A;54CO ;>6=> ?>=OBK< ?@8:070< 8BB8 - >= B@0:B>20; 8E B0: 65, :0: C@ - 8 =>2K9 :><0=48@ MA:04@K ?>72>;8; 3>;>2=>< =0?@02;5=88. C@ >B40; A2>9 ?5@2K9 ?@8:07 2 11:45, GCBL ;8 =5 G5@57 G0A ?>A;5 =5AG0AB=>3> 2KE>40 «09>=0» 87 AB@>O.

?5@0F8O @0A?0;0AL =0 >B45;L=K5 M?87>4K. '5BK@5 1@8B0=A:8E ;8=59=KE :@59A5@0 ?@5:@0B8;8 >3>=L ?> >BABC?0NI8< 35@<0=F0< 8 =0G0;8 :@C68BL 2>:@C3 «;NE5@0» - >= ?>;CG8; C60A=K5 ?>2@5645=8O, => 2AQ 5IQ >B1820;AO >B ;Q3:8E :@59A5@>2 8 MA<8=F52 «»-:;0AA0. 45AOBL <8=CB ?5@2>3>, «;NE5@», A@0602H89AO 4> :>=F0, >BG0O==> 8 157=04Q6=>, ?5@525@=C;AO 8 70B>=C;. K ?>4>1@0;8 425AB8 ?OBL45AOB CF5;52H8E 87 2A59 :><0=4K 2 425=04F0BL A>B5= G5;>25:; 1@8B0=A:85 MA<8=FK 8 ;Q3:85 :@59A5@0 <>3;8 1K A?0AB8 8 1>;LH5, => 35@<0=A:89 384@>?;0=, =5 @0718@0O F5;8, A1@>A8; 1><1K =0 A?0A0B5;59-0=3;8G0= 8 B>=CI8E =5 «09>=C»; 35@<0=A:89 04<8@0; 871560; ?>GB8 =5<8=C5<>3> C=8GB>65=8O 8 =0 ?@545;L=> 2>7<>6=>9 A:>@>AB8 CHQ; : 5;L3>;0=4C. 4B8 >AB020;>AL 80 <8;L. # %8??5@0 CF5;5;> B@8 :>@01;O, =0 42CE ?>;KE0; ?>60@, <>645=8O >1;><:>2. #65 2B>@>9 @07 35@<0=A:>9 MA:04@5 ;8=59=KE :@59A5@>2 C40;>AL 2K@20BLAO 87 A<5@B5;L=>3> 70E20B0.

> <=5=8N ?@>D5AA8>=0;>2, <>@A:8E =0G0;L=8:>2 C@0, 459AB28O 8 157459AB285 :>=B@-04<8@0;0 8<5;8 ?>4 A>1>9 >A=>20=85. C@ =5 >B>HQ; >B AB@>3>9 B@0:B>2:8 ?>;CG5==KE C:070=89. = =5 7=0; > ?>A;54=5<, =5 4>H54H5< 4> 1@8B0=A:8E :>@01;59 A83=0;5 «5@68B5AL 1;865 : ?@>B82=8:C» 8 C2845; 2 ?>A;54>20B5;L=>AB8 ?@54H5AB2CNI8E @0A?>@O65=89 =5:>B>@K9 @57>= : ?@5:@0I5=8N 1>O, ?> ?@8G8=5, =58725AB=>9 :>=B@-04<8@0;C C@C, => 25A><>9 4;O A0<>3> >B206=>3> <>@A:>3> ;845@0 @8B0=88. «09>=» >AB0;AO ?>7048, 8 1K;> =5?@>AB> ?>=OBL - 2 A0<>< ;8 45;5 ?@8H;> 2@5<0=4>20=85. 5;8:>5 C2065=85 C@0 : 04<8@0;C 8BB8 =5 ?>72>;8;> 5A?5H8BL A ?5@5E20B>< C?@02;5=8O 8 ?@840;> >A>1K9 A<5=8BL :C@A 8 84B8 =0?5@5@57 E2>ABC 2@065A:>3> AB@>O. >4>1=K5 A>>1@065=8O 2?>;=5 <>3;8 >?@545;8BL 459AB28O C@0 =0 G5B25@BL G0A0, => G5B25@BL G0A0 4>;3>5 2@5@01;8 A B@C4>< ?>A?520;8 70 ?@>B82=8:><, >=8 8<5;8 A>2A5< =51>;LH>5 ?@58 2 A:>@>AB8, 8, ?>A;5 CE>40 A ?0@0;;5;L=>3> :C@A0, =0G0;8 B>BG0A 8 1KAB@> B5@OBL 48AB0=F8N. >A;5 B>3> :0: C@ C25@8;AO 2 2KE>45 8BB8 87 83@K, >= <>3 15A?@5?OBAB25==> 25@=CBL MA:04@C =0 ?@56=89 :C@A, ?@>4>;68BL ?>3>=N 70 CA:>;L70NI8<8 :>@01;O<8 %8??5@0 8 2>9B8 A =8<8 2 >3=52>9 :>=B0:B G5@57 :0:>5-B> B5?5@L C65 =5>1E>48<> ?@>4>;68B5;L=>5 2@5;0=40, ?>1;87>AB8 >B $;>B0 B:@KB>3> >@O.

&&

>@A:85 A@065=8O 27KA:820NB A 04<8@0;>2 :C40 :0: AB@>65 G5< ACE>?CB=K5 18B2K A 35=5@0;>2. 4<8@0; ;8G=> 254QB D;>B 2 1>9, ?>4G0A ?>4 65AB>:8< >3=Q< 8 A 25;8:>9 >?0A=>ABLN 4;O ;N1>3> G5;>25:0 =0 ;N1>< 87 :>@01;59; 35=5@0;, ?><8<> A2>53> 65;0=8O, =5 <>65B ?>:8=CBL HB01 8 ?@51K205B 2 ?>;=>< A?>:>9AB288 70 45AOBL, ?OB=04F0BL 8;8 4065 4204F0BL <8;L >B ?>;O 1>O. 5=5@0;C ?@8E>48BAO ?>;030BLAO =0 @0?>@BK 87 1@8304, 4828789, :>@?CA>2; >= ?@8=8<05B A2545=8O 8 >B?@02;O5B ?@8:07K G5@57 >4=8 8 B5 65 :0=0;K, ?@5420@8B5;L=> >1AC482 45;> A> HB01=K<8 @01>B=8:0<8; 04<8@0; 2848B 1>9 A2>8<8 A>1AB25==K<8 3;070<8 8 A;>20, =0?@02;ONI85 42865=85 <>3CG8E A8;, AE>4OB A 53> A>1AB25==KE 3C1. 4=0 D070 <>@A:>3> A@065=8O A;54C5B 70 4@C3>9 A ?@><56CB:>< 2 425 8;8 B@8 <8=CBK; A>2@5<5==K9 :><0=40@< >BE>48B >B @CB8=K 8 =0?@02;O5B E>4 ACE>?CB=>9 >?5@0F88 A2568<8 @5H5=8O<8 @07 2 420 8;8 B@8 G0A0, 0 B> 8 4=O. 4<8@0; 8;8 53> ?@55<=8: - C?@02;O5B <>@A:8< 1>5< A A0<>3> =0G0;0, =5?@5@K2=>, ?>:0 A?>A>15= ?>4020BL A83=0;K; =0 ACH5, ?>A;5 «G0A0 =>;L», A@065=85 ?>;=>ABLN 8 =0 =5A:>;L:> 2@5<5=8 CE>48B 87-?>4 :>=B@>;O 35=5@0;0.

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

5G0;L=K5 A>1KB8O ?>H;8 A2>8< G5@54><, => 8BB8 >AB0;AO 40;5:> ?>7048. = 1K; C25@5=, GB> ?>3>=O ?@>4>;65=0, ?>:8=C; ?>418BK9 «09>=», ?>4=O; D;03 =0 MA<8=F5 «-BB5:» 8 ?>A?5H8; 2?5@Q4, 2 =045645 CA?5BL : A@065=8N. <5AB> MB>3>, 2A:>@5 ?>A;5 ?>;C4=O 04<8@0; C2845; 84CI85 =02AB@5GC :>@01;8 8 C7=0;, GB> >AB0B:C 2@065A:8E A8; C40;>AL C9B8. ?5@2>< 8 3>@L:>< ?>@K25 8BB8 ?@8:070; 2>7>1=>28BL ?@5A;54>20=85, E>BO =8:0:8E H0=A>2 =0 CA?5E =5 >AB020;>AL. K ?>B5@O;8 4204F0BL 8;8 B@84F0BL 4@03>F5==KE <8=CB 8 A =8<8 4204F0BL 8;8 B@84F0BL BKAOG O@4>2. 52>A?>;=8<0O ?>B5@O. 8BB8 ?>=O;, GB> 40;L=59H0O ?>3>=O 15AF5;L=0 8 ?>25@=C; =0704 - A?0A0BL «09>=», 25AB8 53> 2 $>@B.

0:>5-B> 2@5AB>O=85 «09>=0» :070;>AL :@8B8G5A:8<: A:>@>ABL C?0;0 4> 8 C7;>2, CA8;82H89AO :@5= 2K7K20; A5@LQ7=K5 >?0A5=8O. :>=F5 :>=F>2, <0H8=K ;8=59=>3> :@59A5@0 2>2A5 >B:070;8AL @01>B0BL. «=4><8B51;» 27O; «09>=» =0 1C:A8@ 8 ?>2Q; 2 $>@B: 2 4>;389, <54;5==K9 8 >?0A=K9 ?CBL 4><>9. AN =>GL 24 O=20@O 8 2A5 A;54CNI85 ACB:8, 25 O=20@O, H5ABL45AOB MA<8=F52 "M@28BB0 ?@>45;K20;8 =5?@5@K2=K5 M2>;NF88 2>:@C3 @0718B>3> :>@01;O, 70I8I0O 53> >B B>@?54 8 ?>42>4=KE 0B0:. «A;8 70<5B8B5 AC1<0@8=K ?@8:070; :><<>4>@ 159B5 8E 8 B0@0=LB5, =5 >1@0I0O 2=8<0=8O =0 A>A5459». =Q< 26 O=20@O «09>=», ?@8=OBK9 A> 2A5>1I8< ;8:>20=85<, 1;03>?>;CG=> 2AB0; =0 O:>@L 2 >709B5.

>1540 C >335@-10=:8 A@07C 65 8 =0 =5:>B>@>5 2@5B2@0B8;0 2@06451=K5 42865=8O >B <>59 04<8=8AB@0F88. 4<8@0;B59AB2> ?@8=8<0;> ?>74@02;5=8O A> 2A5E AB>@>=, 20 ?>;L7>20;8AL ?>4>10NI8< ?@5AB865<. > >1I5<=5=8N, D;>B >45@60; =5A><=5==CN 8 A5@LQ7=CN ?>154C: CB>?8; «;NE5@0» 8 ?@8G8=8; BO6Q;K5 ?>2@5645=8O 8=K< :>@01;O< 5@<0=88. 0975@, ?>4 BO6Q;K< 2?5G0B;5=85< >B A;CG82H53>AO, ?>4B25@48; A2>8 70?@5BK 023CAB0 1914 3>40. A5 =0G8=0=8O 35@<0=A:>3> 04<8@0;B59AB20 1K;8 @5H8B5;L=> ?@5:@0I5=K 8, 5A;8 =5 AG8B0BL ?>42>4=>9 2>9=K, A;54CNI85 ?OB=04F0BL <5AOF52 ?@>H;8 2 157< A?>:>9AB288 =0 !525@=>< <>@5 8 2 4><0H=8E 2>40E. 59B@0;L=K5 AB@0=K C2845;8 25A:>5 4>:070B5;LAB2> 1@8B0=A:>3> <>@A:>3> ?@52>AE>4AB20; 0=3;8G0=5 70<5B=> C:@5?8;8AL 2 4>25@88 8 1;03>65;0B5;L=KE GC2AB20E : A2>5<8@0;B59AB2C.


;020 21. 5@5>F5=:0 8 >:>=G0B5;L=>5 @5H5=85.

 

?;>BL 4> 20 O=20@O 1915 3>40 <5@5=88 0B0:>20BL 0@40=5;;K A <>@O. >5==>5 254>, $>@8= D8A 8 4<8@0;B59AB2> >B=5A;8AL : ?;0=C @02=> A5@LQ7=K< >1@07><. @028B5;LAB2> ?@8=O;> @5H5=85, => >=> =5 1K;> =8 >:>=G0B5;L=K<, =8 15A?>2>@>B=K< - >5==K9 A>25B 1;03>A;>28; =0A =0 @01>BC 8 ?>@CG8; 4<8@0;B59AB2C ?>4AG8B0BL @5AC@AK 8 2K@01>B0BL ?;0=K. A;8 >?5@0F8O ?@>20;820;0AL =0 AB0488 @07@01>B:8, 1K;> 1K ?@>I5 ?@>AB>3> A>>1I8BL >1 MB>< 018=5BC 8 >AB028BL 70B5N. > ?@82;5GQ==K5 : 45;C 04<8@0;K B@C48;8AL 2 ?>;=>< A>3;0A88, HB01=0O @01>B0 CA?5H=> ?@>42830;0AL 2?5@Q4. :>=F5 O=20@O <=>385 ?@83>B>2;5=8O: ?>H;8 ?@8:07K, 7042830;8AL :>@01;8, ?@028B5;LAB20 >AA88 8 $@0=F88 CA?5;8 > <=>3>< 4>3>2>@8BLAO 8 8<5==> 2 MB>B <><5=B $8H5@ =0G0; 2K:07K20BL @0ABCICN =5?@8O7=L : >?5@0F88 8 ?@5?OBAB2>20BL 5Q E>4C.

564C B5<, <>@A:>5 8;8 05 =0ABC?;5=85 @8B0=88 2 A525@=KE 2>40E 2AQ 1>;55 >BA@>G820;>AL. 8AL<0 65;;8:> =5 >AB02;O;8 A><=5=89: ?>?KB:0 0B0:>20BL >@:C< 8 2>9B8 2 0;B89A:>5 <>@5 >B2@0I0;0 :><0=4CNI53> :0: =8GB> =0 A25B5. (B01 @0=4 $;8B0 A;54>20; ?>;8B8:5 ?0AA82=>3> >6840=8O ?@8 >4=>2@5<5==>< 8 2A5<5@=>< CA8;5=88 D;>B0 8 ?@5B5=4>20; =0 :064K9 2=>2L ?>AB@>5==K9 :>@01;L. $@5=G ?@54;>68; =0ABC?0BL 24>;L 15;L389A:>3> 15@530, => A>?@>B82;5=85 >DD@0 ?>:>=G8;> 8 A MB8< 70<. !B0;> OA=>, GB> 2 >1>7@8<>< 2@5<5=8 A5@LQ7=KE <>@A:8E 45; =0 A525@=>< B50B@5 =5 ?@542848BAO 8 GB> ;N1>9 ?;0=, 8A?>42>;L ?>42>4OI89 : =0ABC?;5=8N =0 A525@5 =5 =094QB ?>445@6:8 C :><0=4CNI53> D;>B><.

?>4>1=KE >1AB>OB5;LAB20E O 2AQ 1>;55 @045; 70 AC4L1C A@54875<=><>@A:>3> =0G8=0=8O. 070;>AL, GB> ?>A;5 ?@>20;0 8 >BA@>G:8 8=KE 0;LB5@=0B82 <>65< C?>B@518BL 87;8H5: :>@01;59 8 1>5?@8?0A>2 8<5==> B0<. 0< C40;>AL ?>43>B>28BL @50;L=K9, ?>4>10NI5 @07@01>B0==K9 ?;0= 4;O >4=>3> ;8HL !@54875<=>3> <>@O, 8 B>;L:> MB>B ?;0= ?>;L7>20;AO <>I=>9 8 548=>9 ?>445@6:>9 <>@O:>2 8 ?>;8B8:>2.

><0=4CNI89 A>3;0A8;AO >B?@028BL 2 !@54875<=><>@L5 ;8=59=K9 :@59A5@ «C8= -;87015B» 2 :> @01;O<8, => BCB 65 =0G0; 60;>20BLAO =0 A;01>ABL @0=4 $;8B0, =0 A2>8 =54>AB0B>G=K5 @575@2K 8 =0HQ; 2?5@2K5 8 24@C3 - 1;03>40@=>3> A;CH0B5;O 2 ?5@2>< <>@A:>< ;>@45. >@4 $8H5@ 2=570?=> =527;N18; 40@40=5;;LA:89 ?@>5:B. @>;82K 2AB0;8 2 ?>25AB:C 4=O 8<5==> 8 ?@5645 2A53> 87-70 >B:070 A0<>3> $8H5@0 >B 1><10@48@>2>: 8 1;>:04K 51@N335. =0G5=85 A@54875<=><>@A:>9 >?5@0F88 =587<5@8<> 2>7@>A;>, ?>A;5 >B:070 $@5=G0 >B =0ABC?;5=8O 24>;L ?>15@56LO 5;L388. 0 51@N335 =0AB0820; >5==K9 A>25B 8 HB01 4<8@0;B59AB20, 2 >A>15==>AB8 @BC@ 8;LA>=. "0:, 4 O=20@O >= ?8A0;: «A;8 :8@C5< :0=0; 51@N335, B> 1C45< =5AB8 ?>AB>O==K9 C@>= 2 :>@01;OE 8 B@0=A?>@B=KE AC40E. A;8 1K D;>B ?5@5:@K; :0=0; 2> 2@5A;54=53> >1AB@5;0, B> =5 ?>B5@O; 1K «$>@<84591;». K =5 <>65< 45@60BL =0H8 :>@01;8 270?5@B8 157 CI5@10 4;O 8E 1>52KE :0G5AB2. > A53> 4=O ;8HL <0;0O G0ABL <>@A:8E ?>B5@L ?@8E>48BAO =0 0:B82=K5 >?5@0F88». / 2A5F5;> A>3;0A8;AO A AM@>< @BC@><. :>=5G=>< AGQB5, :0: MB> ?@5:@0A=> 8725AB=>, :8@>20;8 51@N335, => : B><5=8 B@C4=>AB8 =58<>25@=> 2>7@>A;8, 8 D;>B ?>=QA BO6:89 C@>=. 5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 =0HQ; A51O 2 >48=>G5AB25, G@572KG09=> 2>71C48;AO 8 @0A?@>AB@0=8; =5@0A?>;>65=85 : 1;>:045 51@N335 =5 B>;L:> =0 0@40=5;;LA:CN >?5@0F8N, => 8 =0 ;N1>9 ?;0= 459AB289 D;>B0 ?@>B82 2@065A:8E 15@53>2 157 A>?CBAB2CNI59 8 :@C?=>9 0B0:8 ACE>?CB=K<8 A8;0<8. :>=5G=>< AGQB5, >= =0G0; @57:> ?@>B828BLAO 2B>@65=8N A <>@O 2> 2AO:>9 D>@<5 8 2 ;N1>< @09>=5. #4828B5;L=>5 <=5=85, 84CI55 2@07@57 A ?@56=8<8 8 ?>74=59H8<8 273;O40<8 $8H5@0; B5< 1>;55 =5>1E>48<> >AB0=>28BLAO =0 MB>9 AB@0==>9 ?5@5<5=5.

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

20 O=20@O O >B25B8; =0 8AB8==K5 8;8 <=8?0A5=8O $8H5@0 70?8A:>9:

 

>E>65, GB> 70 2@5BK 2 4<8@0;B59AB25 2K AB0;8 ?>-8=>F5=820BL A>>B=>H5=85 A8; @0=4 $;8B0 8 $;>B0 B:@KB>3> >@O. IQ 2 =>O1@5 2K A>25B>20;8 >BJOBL C @0=4 $;8B0 «@8=F5A >90;», «=D;5:A81;» 8 «=28=A81;» 70>4=> A 2>A5<8» 8 ?OBLN «C=:0=0<8» - 2A53> 16 :>@01;59 >A=>2=KE B8?>2 - G0ABL 4;O 2@5<5==KE =C64, => 1@>=5=>AFK 4;O ?>AB>O==>9 A;C61K =0 N35. K ?>H;8 =0 MB>. ! B5E ?>@, 2 @0A?>@O65=85 :><0=4CNI53> 25@=C;8AL 8 «8=3 -4C0@4>2» 8 «@8=F5AA >90;»; 5<8B51;»; >= ?>;CG8; «#>@@8>@», «N: >D -48=1C@3», «;M: @8=A», «;>AB5@», «/@;09=», «0;0B5N», «>=53>;», «5280D0=», 16 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE MA<8=F52 8, :0: O ?>;030N, =5 <5=55 50 B@0;LI8:>2 8 OEB. 65;;8:> ?@8H;> 2=CH8B5;L=>5 ?>4:@5?;5=85, 8 O =5 7=0N, GB> 70 =>2K5 >1AB>OB5;LAB20 8;8 :0:>5 CA8;5=85 ?@>B82=8:0 <>65B 2AB@52>68BL =0A B5?5@L, 5A;8 68;8AL 2 =>O1@5, 4> ?>?>;=5=8O @0=4 $;8B0.

 

$8H5@ =5 AB0; A?>@8BL > 3;02=><, => 25@=C;AO : 2>?@>AC >1 MA<8=F0E - 2 A0<>< 45;5, A;0159H5B@51>20; >B>720BL >B 0@40=5;; F5;CN D;>B8;8N. / =5 <>3 A>3;0A8BLAO A ?5@2K< <>@A:8< ;>@4><. 7JOB85 MA<8=F52 ?0@0;87>20;> 1K 25AL 40@40=5;;LA:89 D;>B 8 ?5@5G5@:=C;> 2K=>H5==K5 HB01>< ?;0=K. "5< 2@5<5=5<, 8;LA>= 2>7>1=>28; =0AB>9G82K5 B@51>20=8O 0B0:>20BL 51@N335.

 

2>9=>9 =068< 4>2Q; 45;> 4> :@878A0.

 

25 O=20@O 1915. 5@2>@4C.

/ 1>;55 =5 E>GC 15A?>;57=> ?@>B828BLAO ?;0=0< >5==>3> A>25B0, => ?@>HC 4> A;54CNI53> 70A540=8O =0?5G0B0BL 8 @0740BL 53> G;5=0< ?@8;0305:C<5=B.

 

?@8;>65==>< : ?8AL<5<>@0=4C<5, D;>BC ?@54;030;>AL A;54>20BL ?>;8B8:5 «?>AB>O==>3> 402;5=8O» 8 >AB020BLAO 2 157459AB288 2?;>BL 4> 35=5@0;L=>3> A@065=8O. 45AL AB>8B ?@>F8B8@>20BL >48= 87 ?0@03@0D>2.

 

!@548 2A5E 2>7<>6=KE AB@0B538G5A:8E ?>;>65=89, ?>;8B8:0 <>@A:>9 >1>@>=K, 2K1@0==0O 5@<0=859, =081>;55 70B@C4=8B5;L=0 8 G@520B0 >?0A=>ABO<8 4;O ?@>B82>AB>OI59 AB>@>=K, 5A;8 >=0 AB>;L 65 A;010 =0 75<;5, :0: B82=8: B0: 65 A8;Q= =0 ACH5, :0: 5@<0=8O. > 5A;8 >1@0B8BLAO : =0H59 8AB>@88, <>6=> C2845BL AE>685 A8BC0F88. 5@<0=8O 8A?>;L7C5B B>B 65 <5B>4 GB> 8 $@0=F8O 2> 2A5E <>@A:8E A =0<8 2>9=0E.

!53>4=O ;6=K >B25B8BL @>2=> B0: 65 :0: >B25G0;8 2 ?@>H;><, 0 8<5==>: 4>2>;LAB2>20BLAO 3>A?>4AB2>< =0 <>@OE 8 27@0I820BL A8;K ?>:0 ?>AB>O==>5 402;5=85 <>@A:>9 <>I8 =5 2K=C48B 2@065A:89 D;>B 0B0:>20BL =0A 2 =52K3>4=KE 4;O =5?@8OB5;O CA;>28OE.

> 2@5<8;5B=59 2>9=K D@0=FC7K ?OBL ;5B C45@6820;8 D;>B >B @5H8B5;L=>3> A@065=8O. 5;LA>= AB>@>68; "C;>= 420 3>40. 6>= 65;;8:> 64QB A@02=8B5;L=> =54>;3> H5ABL <5AOF52; >= A:@0H8205B >6840=85 2 @07=>>1@07=KE 459AB28OE, 8 CA?5; 7=0G8B5;L=> ?>4>@20BL A8;K 2@030.

02;5=85 A53>4=OH=59 <>@A:>9 <>I8 A:07K205BAO =5 <5=55, =>, 25@>OB=> 4065 A8;L=55 G5< MB> 1K;> 2 ?@>H;>< 8 A:>@55 ?@8254QB : 1>N, => MB> 4>;389 ?@>F5AA 8 =0< ?>B@51C5BAO 25;8:>5 B5@?5=85. @03 >A>7=05B, GB> =075<=>5 =0ABC?;5=85 ?@>20;8;>AL 8 ?>GB8 =5?@5<5==> =0G=QB 8A:0BL @5H5=8O 2 <>@5. -B> ?5@20O 87 ?@8G8= :>?8BL @5AC@AK. B>@0O ?@8G8=0: 459AB28O =0 <>@OE 8 A2O70==K5 A MB8< 15A?>:>9AB20 @074@060NB =59B@0;>2 :C40 :0: 1>;LH5 G5< ;N1K5 ACE>?CB=K5 1>8; 0:B82=>ABL A8;L=59H59 <>@A:>9 45@602K C2>48B 8E : =5?@8OB5;N. K <>65< C9B8 >B ?>4>1=>3> @0728B8O A>1KB89 ;8HL A >1@5B5=85< 01A>;NB=>3> <>@A:>3> 3>A?>4AB20.

K ?>4K3@05< 35@<0=F0<, 5A;8 =0G=Q< @8A:>20BL :>@01;O<8 2> 2A?><>30B5;L=KE >?5@0F8OE: =0?@8<5@, 1><10@48@>20BL 15@530 8;8 0B0:>20BL D>@B8D8:0F88 157 A>B@C4=8G5AB20 A 0@<859. # =5O28BAO H0=A ?5@5E20B8BL =0H D;>B ?@81;878B5;L=> @02=K<8 A8;0<8. "5?5@L =0< ?@54;0305BAO 70B5OBL ?@>4>;68B5;L=CN 1><10@48@>2:C 0@40=5;;LA:8E D>@B>2, => >1AB@5; A <>@O 15@53>2 8 C:@5?;5=89 =5 <>65B 1KBL >?@0240= =8G5< :@><5 =04564K 2>2;5GL =5?@8OB5;O 2 35=5@0;L=>5 A@065=85.

>B 687=5==> 206=K9 ?@8=F8?: ?>:0 $;>B B:@KB>3> >@O A>E@0=O5B A2>N 25;8:CN A8;C 8 1;8AB0B5;L=CN 0@B8;;5@89A:CN MDD5:B82=>ABL, D;>B @8B0=88 :0B53>@8G5A:8 =5 4>;65= ?@54?@8=8<0BL =8:0:8E >?5@0F89, <>3CI8E >A;018BL 53> B5?5@5H=55 ?@52>AE>4AB2>. & CABL AB0@K5 :>@01;8 8 =5 ?@54AB02;ONB F5==>AB8, => 2<5AB5 A =8<8 ?>381=CB 8 ;N48 548=AB25==K9, =0 A53>4=O, @575@2 @0=4 $;8B0.

0< G@572KG09=> B@C4=>, => 2<5AB5 A B5< 8 G@572KG09=> 206=> >AB0BLAO ?0AA82=K<8 4> 2@5<5=8: 4> B5E ?>@, ?>:0 < >1>@>=ONI53>AO 2@030 1@>A8BL D;>B 2 35=5@0;L=>5 A@065=85. &

>2B>@NAL: ?5@20O 7040G0 1@8B0=A:>9 0@<88 ?><>30BL D;>BC ?@028BL <>@O<8. "0:, 2>5==K5 <>3;8 1K A>2<5AB=> A D;>B>< 0B0:>20BL 51@N335 8;8 D>@A8@>20BL 0@40=5;;K; 2>7<>6=>, GB> B>340 2 <>@5 2KH5; 1K 35@<0=A:89 ;81> BC@5F:89 D;>B. > 2 MB> B@C4=> ?>25@8BL. @8B0=A:0O 0@<8O >AB0=5BAO =0 <0;5=L:>< CG0AB:5 A>N7=>3> D@>=B0 2> $@0=F88 8 ?@54>AB028B D;>BC =5 1>;55 ?><>I8, :0: 5A;8 1K >=0 AB>O;0 2 "8<1C:BC.

0H0 AB@0=0 ?>;L7C5BAO 2A5<8 2K3>40<8 <>I=>3> D;>B0 8 4>;6=0 >AB020BLAO 2 A?>:>9=>< =0A;0645=88 A2>8<8 ?@58G0O A8;K 2 15A?>;57=KE 4;O C:@5?;5=8O =0H59 ?>78F88 45;0E.

$8H5@.

 

C<0N, GB> MB>B 4>:C<5=B, 70 8A:;NG5=85< ?>A;54=8E 8 25AL<0 E0@0:B5@=KE D@07 =5 >1O70= A2>8< ?>O2;5=85< ?5@C 6>=0 $8H5@0. C<03C ?@83>B>28;8 ?> 53> C:070=8N. 5<>@0=4C< HQ; 2@07@57 A> 2A5<8 <>8<8 C15645=8O<8. 8:B> 8 =8GCBL =5 65;0; «@0AB>G0BL A8;K 2 15A?>;57=KE 4;O C:@5?;5=8O =0H59 ?>78F88 45;0E». 8A0BL B0: 7=0G8;> ?>4<5=OBL 0@3C<5=B A><=8B5;L=K< ?@54?>;>65=85<. > 4>:B@8=0 $8H5@0 - 4065 5A;8 8 871028BL 4>:C<5=B >B ?>A;54=59 D@07K >1@5:0;0 =0A =0 ?>;=59H55 157459AB285. >A;5 B>3> :0: O ?>:8=C; >D8A, :><0=4CNI89 8 4<8@0;B59AB2> 27O;8AL ?@>2>48BL 8<5==> B0:CN ?>;8B8:C 8 8<5==> B0:>9 >1@07 459AB289 ?@82Q; =0A : AC1<0@8==>H<0@C 1917 3>40.

"5< 2@5<5=5<, 26 O=20@O 25;8:89 :=O7L >B25B8; =0 <>N B5;53@0< 0@40=5;;LA:>< ?;0=5. 0: 6840;8, >B25B >:070;AO 1;03>?@8OB=K<, => 15A?>;57=K<. @59 ?5@5A;0; <=5 53> A ?><5B:>9:

 

CAA:85 ?8HCB > 0@40=5;;0E. /A=>, GB> >AA8O =5 A<>65B ?><>GL, => ?>;=>ABLN ?>445@68205B >?5@0F8N 8 25;8:89 :=O7L ?@840QB 59 >3@><=>5 7=0G5=85.

! MB8< <>6=> >B=5AB8AL : 30=L5@C[18] 8 C:070BL, GB> =0< =587156=> 42830BL 45;> 2?5@Q4; >B:07 >B >?5@0F88 @07>G0@C5B >AA8N 8, B5< A0<0 CEC4H8B 2>5==CN A8BC0F8N ?@54<5B >A>15==>9 8 7;>1>4=52=>9 701>BK @8B0=88 8 $@0=F88 &

 

/ 70=O;AO 4>:C<5=B>< ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40 8 ?5@5?@028; 53> ?@5<8=8AB@C A> A2>8< >B25B>< ($8H5@ ?>;CG8; 53> 2 :>?88):

 

5<>@0=4C< ?5@2>3> ;>@40.

27 O=20@O 1915.

;02=K9 ?@8=F8? ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40 =5 2K7K205B A><=5=89. A=>20 =0H59 <>@A:>9 ?>;8B8:8 ?>445@6820BL ;8=59=K9 D;>B 8 2A?><>30B5;L=K5 :>@01;8 2 4>;6=>< A>AB>O=88 8 2 =5?@5<5==>9 3>B>2=>AB8 @0718BL 2 1>N $;>B B:@KB>3> >@O. MB>< ?5@20O 8 3;02=0O =0H0 >1O70==>ABL. K ?@845@6820;8AL, 8 1C45< AB@>3> ?@845@6820BLAO 8<5==> MB>3> ?@8=F8?0.

>A:@5A=K9 1>9 [>335@-10=:0] OA=> >B:@K; =0< 1C4CI55: 2 =Q< 5A;8 >?CAB8BL G0AB=>AB8 - A>H;8AL :>@01;8 B5E 65 :;0AA>2, GB> ?@8< A@065=88. "5?5@L ?>4B25@645=> GB> A>>B=>H5=85 A8; 5 : 4 40QB =0< @5H0NI55 ?@58. ?>4>1=KE CA;>28OE 35@<0=FK <>3CB 4C<0BL ;8HL >1 >BE>45, 0 0=3;8G0=5 B>;L:> >1 0B0:5. 5=5A;8 BO65;59H85 ?>B5@8: >48= :>@01;L 87 G5BK@QE ?>381, 420 >G5=L A5@LQ7=> ?>2@5645=K. A;8 1K A@065=85 C40;>AL 4>25AB8 4> :>=F0, <=5==>, C=8GB>68;8 1K 8 >AB0;L=KE.

"5?5@L, ?>A;5 1>52>3> 8A?KB0=8O, 1;0AB8 G8ABKE A?5:C;OF89 8 <>65< A>>B=5AB8 :0G5AB20 <>@O:>2 8 0@B8;;5@88 A >158E AB>@>=: 1@8B0=FK =5 CABC?0NB 2@03C, => ?>;L7CNBAO ?@58<>2>3> :0;81@0 8 1>;LH53> 25A0 70;?0. "5< A0A=>20=8O ?>;030BL, GB> ;CGH85 87 =0H8E 4@54=>CB>2 8 ;8=59=KE :@59A5@>2 21 :>@01;L A<>3CB =0=5AB8 @5H8B5;L=>9 ?>@065=85 4065 8 @02=>CB>2 5@<0=88. N1>9 1@8B0=A:89 :>@01;L A25@E C:070==>3> G8A;0 4>;6=> @0AA<0B@820BL :0: AB@0E>2>9 70?0A =0 =5>6840==K5 ?>B5@8 >B <8= 8 B>@?54.

> 2@5<5=8 >1JO2;5=8O 2>9=K, @8B0=8O 45@60;0 2 4><0H=8E 2>40E 24 + 2 «>@40 5;LA>=0», 5@<0=8O 21 :>@01;L 745AL C:070=> <0:A8<0;L=>5 G8A;> 0:B82=KE 1>52KE 548=8F. ! B5G5=85< 2>5==>3> 2@5<5=8, =0H D;>B ?>?>;=8;AO =5:>B>@K<8 :>@01;O<8 >A=>2=KE B8?>2: «C8= -;87015B», «-@8=», «-468=:>@B», «5=1>C», «- @ >D =480», «"0935@», «=4><8B51;»; =0 A;54CNI89 <5AOF 68405< «=D;5:A81;», «=28=A81;» 8, 2>7<>6=>, «CAB@5;8N»; => ?>B5@O;8 «459H5A». ><8<> MB>3>, @0=4 $;8B 8 0@28GA:0O C40@=0O 3@C??0 CA8;5=K 2>A5<=04F0BLN :@59A5@0<8 8 B@84F0BLN H5ABLN MA<8=F0<8.[19]

B> 65 A0<>5 2@5B 5@<0=88 =5 B>;L:> =5 ?>;CG8; ?>?>;=5=89, => ?>=QA ?>B5@8 2 A>2@5<5==KE :>@01;OE: «;NE5@», «03451C@3», «Q;L=», «09=F», 10 8;8 12 MA<8=F52.

5>1E>48<> ?><=8BL > AB@5<8B5;L=>< ?@>3@5AA5 2 2>5==>< AC4>AB@>5=88: :>@01;L AB0@H5 12 ;5B <>65B AK3@0BL ;8HL 2A?><>30B5;L=CN @>;L. 87:0O A:>@>ABL =5 40AB 5A=>2=>< 45;5; >=, =5A><=5==>, 1C45B C=8GB>65= 2 AE20B:5 A :>@01;O<8 ?>74=59H59 ?>AB@>9:8; 54 A8;C A@060BLAO ;8HL A A515 ?>4>1=K<8. > <55< >3@><=>5 ?@58 8 2 1@>=5=>AF0E-4>4@54=>CB0E. !53>4=OH=89 A>AB02 @0=4 $;8B0 =0AG8BK205B 8 «8=3 -4C0@4>2»; 9 <><5=B, <>65< 4>1028BL : =8< 2 «>@40 5;LA>=0»[20] 8 6 >AB02H8EAO 2 AB@>N «$>@<84591;>2». 0H 4>4@54=>CB=K9 D;>B ;53:> 8 =5A><=5==> C=8GB>68B 2A5 AB0@K5 1@>=5=>AFK 5@<0=88.

MB>< 3>4C >@C68< 8 C:@5?8< D;>B =0 A;CG09 2>7<>6=KE ?>B5@L =>2>9 MA:04@>9 87 8 ;8=59=KE :>@01;59 A> A:>@>ABLN =5 <5=55 26 C7;>2, 2A5 A 15-4N9<>2K<8 >@C48O<8. >7<>6=>, GB> >48= ;8HL MB>B >B@O4 <>65B 2K9B8 ?@>B82 42CE ;CGH8E MA:04@  5@<0=88. ! =0G0;>< 2>9=K, 20;8 8 ;Q3:8E :@59A5@>2 4;O A;C61K 2 4><0H=8E 2>40E; 2 1;8609H85 B@8 <5AOF0 1028< : =8< 5IQ 8 8, ?>A;5 MB>3>, 5IQ 4 70 B@8 <5AOF0. 0720==K5 :>@01;8 ?@52>AE>4OB ;N1>9 87 35@<0=A:8E ;Q3:8E :@59A5@>2 A:>@>ABLN E>40 8 0@B8;;5@859. B5G5=85 MB>3> 3>40 < D;>BC 56 MA<8=F52, >B 50 4> 75 AC1<0@8=, 24 <0;K5 :0=>=5@:8 4;O 2B>@>AB5?5==KE =C64 2<5AB5 A> 2AO:8<8 8 @07=>>1@07=K<8 2A?><>30B5;L=K<8 AC40<8. "5?5@L ?>=OB=>, GB> A8;K @0=4 $;8B0 8 157 B>3> 4>AB0B>G=K5 4;O =0H8E =C64 A A0<>3> =0G0;0 2>9=K 87@O4=> ?>?>;=5=K :> 4=N A53>4=OH=5 2@5<5=5<, 1C4CB =5?@5@K2=> @0AB8. K ?>;=>ABLN >B25G05< ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40.

B>@0O =5>BJ5<;5<0O 7040G0 D;>B0 70I8B0 B>@3>2;8 8 <>@A:8E <0@H@CB>2. A5 703@0=8G=K5 :@59A5@K 8 :0=>=5@:8 2@030, 70 8A:;NG5=85< «0@;A@CM» 8 «@5745=0» C=8GB>65=K, 1;>:8@>20=K 8;8 8=B5@=8@>20=K. «@5745=» 8 «0@;A@CM» ?@OGCBAO, => 455A?>A>1=>ABL «0@;A@CM» 1>;55 G5< A><=8B5;L=0 - > =Q< =8G53> =5 A;KH=> C65 B@8 <5AOF0. !:>@55 2A53>, C 35@<0=F52 >AB0;8AL =5 1>;55 42CE 2A?><>30B5;L=KE :@59A5@>2: («@>=?@8=F 8;L35;L<ý» 8 «@8=F -9B5;L $@84@8E»). @03 =0<5@520;AO 2>>@C68BL 8 A?CAB8BL A ?@82O78 42 B>@3>2KE AC4=0, => 2A5 >=8 1;>:8@>20=K, 8=B5@=8@>20=K, ?>B>?;5=K 8;8 70E20G5=K. &

B> 65 A0<>5 2@5B 2K?>;=O5B 8 8=K5 7040G8: C45@68205B :>=B@>;L =04 0=0;>< 8 ?>4E>40<8 : =57>@ 2 C2@A:>< ?@>;825, ?0B@C;8@C5B D;>B8;8O<8 2>AB>G=>5 ?>15@56L5, 2 0@28G5 A>A@54>B>G5=0 C40@=0O 3@C??0.

><8<> 2A53> ?5@5G8A;5==>3> 8 ?>A;5 C4>2;5B2>@5=8O 2A5E <>@A:8E 70?@>A>2, C =0A >AB0NBAO 1@>=5=>AFK ?>;=>ABLN C:> 20==K5 :><0=40<8, A A>1AB25==K< 1>5:> < 8 @575@20<8:

5 «C=:0=>2»

5 «0=>?CA>2»

9 «0465AB8:>2»

1 « >9O; !>25@5=»

! =0G0;0 0?@5;O 8 4> :>=F0 8N;O D;>B 4>;65= ?>;CG8BL 14 BO65;> 1@>=8@>20==KE <5;:>A84OI8E <>=8B>@>2: 420 A 42C<>2K<8, 4 A 42C<>2K<8 8 8 A 42C<>2K<8 >@C48O<8.

>A5A;54=8E 1C4CB >A=0I5=K 10H=O<8, A=OBK<8 A G5BK@QE «0465AB8:>2». >B A8;K, :>B>@K5 ;0305< 8A?>;L7>20BL 4;O >A>1KE =C64 8 - 2@5B 2@5<5=8 8 ?> <5@5 =5>1E>48<>AB8 - 4;O 1><10@48@>2>: >1J5:B>2 1>;LH>3> AB@0B538G5A:>3> 8;8 ?>;8B8G5A:>3> 7=0G5=8O, =0?@8<5@ 8 2 >A>15==>AB8:

1. ?5@0F8O 2 0@40=5;;0E

2. >445@6:0 ;52>3> D;0=30 0@<88.

3. 1AB@5; 51@N335 8 70B5<

4. 0E20B >@:C<0.

 

#25@5=, GB> 5A;8 459AB2>20BL C<5;> 8 A @07C<=>9 >AB>@>6=>ABLN, ?>B5@8 <>6=> A25AB8 : <8=8?@545;Q==> C45@60BL 2 ?@545;0E, >?@0240==KE 206=>ABLN 8 =5>1E>48<>ABLN ?5@5G8A;5==KE >?5@0F89. 52>7<>6=> A>3;0A8BLAO A <=5=85< ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40: =0720==K5 :>@01;8 (8A:;NG0O «C=:0=K») 87;8H=8 8 =5?@83>4=K 4;O ;8=88 10B0;88, => 8E 2>7<>6=> 8A?>;L7>20BL C:070==K< 2KH5 >1@07><, =5 =0@CH0O =8:0:8E 25A>2 <>@A:>9 ?>;8B8:8. K =5 4>;6=K >B:07K20BLAO >B 1>52>3> ?@8<5=5=8O AB0@KE :>@01;59 87-70 1>O7=8 ?>B5@L 8 >1I5AB25==>3> ?@>B5AB0: =5B =C64K 15A?>:>8BLAO, 5A;8 < MB>9 F5=>9 206=K5 2>5==K5 @57C;LB0BK 8 5A;8 =5:>B>@K9 C@>= 2 687=OE >D8F5@>2 8 <0B@>A>2 :>@>;52A:>3> D;>B0 ?@54>B2@0B8B :C40 :0: 1>;55 25;8:85 ?>B5@8 A@548 =0H8E B>20@8I59 8 A>N7=8:>2.

#.!.'.

 

3;C18=5 4CH8 ?5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 =5 2845; C3@>7K 4;O 70?0A0 A8; @0=4 $;8B0. = 7=0;, GB> O 2540N 53> 8AB8==K5 C15645=8O. $8H5@ =5 AB0; @072820BL D0;LH82CN 0@3C<5=B0F8N, => ?>4G5@:=C; A2>Q =565;0=85 84B8 =0 >5==K9 A>25B: 70A540=85 A>18@0;>AL =0 A;54CNI89 45=L, 28 O=20@O. 07C<55BAO, >1AC645=85 =5 <>3;> ?@>9B8 157 $8H5@0. / =0AB>O; =0 53> ?@8ACBAB288 8 >@30=87>20; 4;O =0A >1>8E =53;0A=CN 2AB@5GC A ?@5<8=8AB@>< 4> =0G0;0 !>25B0. 0 MB> $8H5@ A>3;0A8;AO.

K A>1@0;8AL 2 :018=5B5 A:28B0 70 4204F0BL <8=CB 4> 70A540=8O. 0?8A59 2AB@5G8 =5 A>E@0=8;>AL, => >1 5Q E>45 =8:B> =5 A?>@8B. «A;8 >B1@>A8BL <0;>7=0G0I85 ?>4@>1=>AB8 > B>< 8;8 8=>< A;>2>C?>B@51;5=88, B> >?8A0=8O ?@820B=>9 2AB@5G8, 40==K5 5Q CG0AB=8:0<8 $8H5@>< 8 A:28B>< ?>;=>ABLN A>2?040NB» - B0: 70O28;8 G;5=K 0@40=5;;LA:>3> :><8B5B0. 5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4, 2 25AL<0 A60B>9 D>@<5, 2K@078; ?@>B5AB ?@>B82 51@N335 8 0@40=5;; 8 @0B>20; 70 1>;LHCN >?5@0F8N =0 0;B8:5 8;8 35=5@0;L=>5 =0ABC?;5=85 0@<859 24>;L 15;L389A:>3> ?>15@56LO ?@8 A8;L=>9 ?>445@6:5 A <>@O. =, :0: MB> 7=0G8BAO 2 70?8AOE 0@40=5;;LA:>3> :><8B5B0, «=5 :@8B8:>20; 0B0:C 0;;8?>;8 ?> ACI5AB2C 2>?@>A0, @02=> :0: 8 =5 C?>2>@5 A ?@5<8=8AB@><, > B><, GB> 4C<05B ?>40BL 2 >BAB02:C, 5A;8 53> <=5=85< ?@5=51@53CB». AB8==0O ?@0240. / 70O28; ?@>B82>?>;>6=>5 <=5=85: =0< 4>;6=> 0B0:>20BL 51@N335 8 0@40=5;;K, => 5A;8 >B :0:>3>-B> ?;0=0 ?@8E>48BAO >B:07K20BLAO, B> =04> ?>65@B2>20BL 51@N335, ?>A:>;L:C 8<5==> MB0 >?5@0F8O >A>15==> =5 =@028BAO $8H5@C. @5<8=8AB@ 2KA;CH0; >15 AB>@>=K, ?>4G5@:=C; A>3;0A85 A <>59 B>G:>9 7@5=8O 8 @5H8;, GB> ;6=K >B:070BLAO >B 51@N335, => 42830BL 2?5@Q4 0@40=5;;LA:89 ?;0=. 070;>AL, $8H5@ ?>;=>ABLN C4>2;5B2>@Q= 8 :>340 <5AB5 A?CA:0;8AL ?> ;5AB=8F5, O 4C<0;, GB> 45;> CAB@>8;>AL.

!>25B CA?5; A>1@0BLAO 8 >6840; =0A. @82>6C E>4 48A:CAA88 ?> 70?8A8 ?>;:>2=8:0 %M=:8, >?C1;8:>20==>9 2 >BGQB5 0@40=5;;LA:>3> :><8B5B0.

 

8AB5@ '5@G8;;L C254><;O5B A>1@0=85, GB> >1@0B8;AO A ?;0=>< 0B0:8 0@40=5;; : 25;8:>;0N 8 4<8@0;B59AB2C $@0=F88. 5;8:89 :=O7L ?@8=O; ?@>5:B A M=BC7807<>< 8 =0455BAO, GB> MB> [0B0:0] 5<>65B. 4<8@0;B59AB2> $@0=F88 40;> 1;03>?@8OB=K9 >B25B 8 >15I0;> A>B@C4=8G0BL. @83>B>2;5=8O 84CB, < 3>B>2K =0G0BL 45;> : A5@548=5 D52@0;O. >:;04G8: A?@0H8205B C >5==>3> A>25B0: >?@024K205B ;8 206=>ABL >?5@0F88 =5:>B>@K9 8 =5A><=5==K9 @8A:?

> <=5=8N ;>@40 $8H5@0, 2>?@>A =5>1E>48<> >B;>68BL. @5<8=8AB@ ?@5:@0A=> 7=05B 53> B>G:C 7@5=8O.

@5<8=8AB@ >B25G05B, GB> ?@83>B>2;5=8O CA?5;8 709B8 A;8H:>< 40;5:> 8 ?@><54;5=85 =52>7<>6=>.

>@4 8BG5=5@ ?>;0305B, GB> D>@A8@>20=85 0@40=5;; <>65B >15@=CBLAO 8A:;NG8B5;L=K<8 2K3>40<8. #A?5E A>?>AB028< A ?>154>=>A=>9 :0 9 =>2K<8 0@<8O<8. 4=> 87 ?@58<>65< 4>18BLAO C4>2;5B2>@8B5;L=>3> ?@>3@5AA0, B> ?@5@2Q< >?5@0F8N.

8AB5@ 0;LDC@ C:07K205B =0 2>7<>6=K5 @57C;LB0BK:

K @07@565< BC@5F:CN 0@<8N =042>5;

>=B@>;L =04 >=AB0=B8=>?>;5<;

>ABC? : @CAA:>9 ?H5=8F5, 2>7>1=>2;5=85 >AA859 M:A?>@B0;

?5@0F8O C:@5?8B ?040NI89 87-70 ?5@5:@KB>9 B>@3>2;8 @C1;L 8 2K7>25B 25;8:>5 2>>4CH52;5=85;

><8<> ?@>G53>, CA?5E >B:@>5B ?@>E>4 2 C=09.

"@C4=> 2>>1@078BL 1>;55 ?>;57=>5 45;>.

 

!M@ -420@4 @59 AG8B05B, GB> 0B0:0 ?><>65B >;30@88 8 2A5< 0;:0=0< A45;0BL >:>=G0B5;L=K9 2K1>@.

8AB5@ '5@G8;;L 8=D>@<8@C5B A>1@0=85: :><0=4CNI89 <>@A:8<8 A8;0<8 2 !@54875<=>< <>@5 =5 A><=5205BAO 2 CA?5E5 8 ?@>A8B >B B@QE =545;L 4> <5AOF0 =0 >?5@0F8N. >@01;8 C65 84CB : 0@40=5;;0<. = >B25G05B <8AB5@C 0;LDC@C: D@0=FC7K >B25B8;8 =0 53> ('5@G8;;O) 70?@>A; >=8 C25@5=K, GB> 02AB@89A:85 AC1<0@8=K =5 2 A>AB>O=88 ?@5>4>;5BL 4>;389 ?CBL : 0@40=5;;0<.

>@4 %M;459= A?@0H8205B: 5ABL ;8 C BC@>: AC1<0@8=K?

8AB5@ '5@G8;;L >B25G05B, GB> ?> 8<5NI8< =5B. = =5 ?@542848B 1>;LH8E ?>B5@L =0 MB0?5 1><10@48@>2:8, => =5:>B>@K9 C@>= ?@8 B@0;5=88 <8= =5871565=. 0AB>OI85 B@C4=>AB8 =0G=CBAO ?>A;5 ?>402;5=8O 2=5H=8E ?>@B>2, A> 2E>4>< 2 #7>AB8. = ?>:07K205B =0 :0@B5 ?;0= 0B0:8.

 

0?8AL %M=:8 =5?>;=0. 0 A>25I0=88 ?@>87>HQ; 8=F845=B, 2?>A;54AB288 ?>;CG82H89 H8@>:CN >3;0A:C. B@K2>: 87 <52 $8H5@0:[21]

 

9-5 70A540=85 >5==>3> A>25B0, 28 O=20@O 1915, 11:30.

{@8<5G0=85 ?5@54 =0G0;>< 70A540=8O ?@5<8=8AB@ >1AC48; A <8AB5@>< '5@G8;;5< 8 ;>@4>< $8H5@>< ?;0= 0@40=5;;LA:>9 >?5@0F88 8, 2>?@5:8 <=5=8N $8H5@0, @5H8; 45;> 2 5Q ?>;L7C}.

+.

8AB5@ '5@G8;;L A?@0H8205B C >5==>3> A>25B0: >?@024K205B ;8 206=>ABL >?5@0F88 =5A><=5==K9 @8A:?

>@4 $8H5@ 2>7@0605B: >= =5 ?@54?>;030;, GB> MB>B 2>?@>A 1C45B ?>4=OB A53>4=O. @5<8=8AB@ 7=05B 53> ($8H5@0) <=5=85.

@5<8=8AB@ >B25G05B, GB> ?@83>B>2;5=8O 70H;8 A;8H:>< 40;5:> 8 ?@><54;5=85 =52>7<>6=>.

{@8<5G0=85 ?>A;5 MB8E A;>2 $8H5@ ?>4=O;AO 8 =0?@028;AO ?@>GL. 3> 4>3=0; ;>@4 8BG5=5@ A 2>?@>A><: GB> $8H5@ A>18@05BAO 45;0BL? >@4 $8H5@ >B25B8;, GB> =5 25@=QBAO 70 AB>; !>25B0 8 ?>40QB 2 >BAB02:C. >@4 8BG5=5@ C:070; $8H5@C, GB> >= ($8H5@) 84QB ?@>B82 1>;LH8=AB20 8 GB> 45;> C65 @5H5=> ?@5<8=8AB@><; =0?><=8; > 4>;35 ?5@54 AB@0=>9 8 ?>?@>A8; $8H5@0 =5 CE>48BL A ?>AB0 ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40. 8BG5=5@ C?>@AB2>20; 2 =0AB>O=8OE; $8H5@ =5>E>B=> CABC?8; 8 25@=C;AO 70 AB>; A>25B0.}

 

45AL AB>8B ?@825AB8 70O2;5=85 8BG5=5@0 =0 70A540=88 >5==>3> A>25B0 14 <0O 1915 3>40: $8H5@, ?> A;>20< D5;L4<0@H0;0, A>3;0A8;AO, GB> ?5@51@0=:0 A =5?>A@54AB25==K< =0G0;L=8:><, ?5@2K< ;>@4><, <8AB5@>< '5@G8;;5< 2 >5==>< A>25B5, 40 8 2 ;N1>< <5AB5 @02=> =5C<5AB=0 8 =54>AB>9=0. C6=> ;81> <>;G0BL, ;81> CE>48BL 2 >BAB02:C.

#B@5==55 70A540=85 70:>=G8;>AL, 8 H;8AL =0 =5A:>;L:> G0A>2. >5==K9 A>25B @5H8; 2 ?>;=>< A>3;0A88 A <>8<8 =0<5@5=8O<8, =8:B> =5 2>7@078; ?@>B82 ?;0=0, => O ?>AG8B0; A>25@H5==> =5>1E>48<>?>=8<0=8N A ?5@2K< <>@A:8< ;>@4><. / 2845;, :0: $8H5@ 2KH5; 87-70 AB>;0 8 3>2>@8; C >:=0 A 8BG5=5@><, => =5 7=0;, : G5= ?@8HQ; 2 A2>8E A><=5=8OE. >A;5 ;0=G0 O ?@83;0A8; $8H5@0 2 A2>9 :018=5B 8 =0AB>OB5;L=> ?>?@>A8; 53> =5 >B2>@0G820BLAO >B 0@40=5;;LA:>9 >?5@0F88. 0B5O;0AL 4>;30O 8 A5@45G=0O 48A:CAA8O, AB0;8AL 2 @0<:0E >4=>3> 2>?@>A0, => >1AC48;8 >1I55 ?>;>65=85 =0 <>@OE 8 2AN 45OB5;L=>ABL 4<8@0;B59AB20. :>=F5 :>=F>2, $8H5@ >?@545;Q==> A>3;0A8;AO 8A?>;=8BL 45;>. 8 O, =8 >= =5 >B@8F0NB MB>3>. «/ ?@8=O; @5H5=85 A:070; $8H5@ 0@40=5;;LA:><8B5BC 8 157>3;O4=> >B40;AO 7040G5, Lotus porcus».

K ?@83;0A8;8 =0G0;L=8:0 HB010, 04<8@0;0 ;825@0 8 2<5AB5 =0?@028;8AL =0 4=52=>5 70A540=85 >5==>3> A>25B0. / >1JO28;, GB> 70@CG8;AO A>3;0A85< $8H5@0 8 3>2>@N >B 8<5=8 4<8@0;B59AB20: ;=8< =5>B;>6=>5 ?>@CG5=85 >5==>3> A>25B0. 572>72@0B=K5 A;>20. ! B5E ?>@ O =5 >1>@0G820;AO =0704. @525I0=89, :>;510=89 8 A><=5=89 ?@>H;>. 0ABC?8;8 4=8 459AB28O.

/ =5 E>GC A:@K20BL, GB> 65AB>:> 8 ?>AB>O==> 4028; =0 AB0@>3> 04<8@0;0. @>B82 $8H5@0 >15@=C;>AL ;8G=>5 2;8O=85 8BG5=5@0, >1I55 <=5=85 >5==>3> A>25B0, 02B>@8B5B=0O @5H8<>ABL ?@5<8=8AB@0. MB> 1K; =5 B>;L:> 3@C7 E>BO 8 =5?><5@=K9 >1I53> <=5=8O, => 8 25A 0@3C<5=B>2, :>B>@K< >= =5 A<>3 =8G53> ?@>B82>?>AB028BL. >;55 B>3>, B5E=8G5A:0O AB>@>=0 2>?@>A0 =0H;0 A8;L=59HCN ?>445@6:C 2 A0<>< 4<8@0;B59AB25. «>@O:8 548=>4CH=> AB>O;8 70 '5@G8;;O 3>2>@8; 2?>A;54AB288 $8H5@. / >AB0;AO >48=>:8< <ý».

@028;L=> ;8 1K;> B0: 4028BL =0 ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40? C<0N, 40. 58<>25@=K9 ?A8E>;>38G5A:89 ?@5AA8=3 ?>AB>O==K9 A?CB=8: 2>9=K 8 =54>AB0B>G=> A8;L=0O =0BC@0 =5 2K?>;=8B @01>BK. 0: 3@0640=8= 8 ?>;8B8:, O =8:>340 1K =5 A>3;0A8;AO A 0@40=5;;LA:8< ?;0=><, 5A;8 1K =5 ?>25@8; 2 =53>. ?@>B82=>< A;CG05, O ?@8;>68; 1K 2A5 CA8;8O, GB>1K =5 4>25AB8 4> 45;0 8 0@3C<5=B8@>20; 1K ?@>B82 ?;0=0 2> 3;025 >??>78F88. A;8 1K O >:070;AO 2 ?>;>65=88 8 ?@8 273;O40E $8H5@0, B> 40; 1K @5H8B5;L=K9 >B:07. =C64K CE>48BL 2 >BAB02:C. 8HL ?5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 ?@8:07K205B :>@01;O< @0725AB8 ?0@K, 0 ?CH:0< >B:@KBL >3>=L. = 4>;65= >?8@0BLAO =0 D0:BK 8 =5?@5:;>==> ?@8=8<0BL @5H5=85 2 <><5=B 2K1>@0. !>2A5< 8=>5 45;> - @5H5=85 704=8< G8A;><, ?> E>4C ?@54?@8OB8O, :>340 2A5 @8A:8 >B:@KBK 8 65@B2K ?@8=5A5=K. >:0 =5 ?@8HQ; G0A 2K1>@0, G5;>25: 4>;65= A@060BLAO 70 A2>Q <=5=85 A 25;8:8< C?>@AB2><. > :>340 2K1>@ ?>7048, 45;C =C6=0 4@C6=0O :><0=40.

@>H;8 3>4K, 8 O A?@0H820N A51O :0: 1K >15@=C;>AL 45;>, 5A;8 1K O ?@8=O; A>25BK $8H5@0 8 :0B53>@8G5A:8 >B25@3 ;N1K5 459AB28O 2 0@40=5;;0E 157 CG0AB8O 2 =8E 0@<88 8;8 >B:070;AO 1K >B <>@A:>9 >?5@0F88 4> >B25BAB25==>3> @5H5=8O >5==>3> A>25B0 > 2KA04:5 4>AB0B>G=KE 2>5==KE A8; =0 0;;8?>;8? !<>3;8 1K < ?CB8 8 2>9A:0 8 E>@>H89 ?;0=? #40;>AL 1K =0< B>340 >AB0BLAO ?@8 2A5E 2K3>40E 0@40=5;;LA:>9 >?5@0F88, => C9B8 >B 4>@>3> >?;0G5==KE >H81>: 8 =5AG0AB89? 0@40=5;;LA:89 :><8B5B @0AA<>B@5; 2>?@>A ?>4 A>25@H5==> 8=K< C3;>< 8, 4>;6=> 1KBL, A:;>=8;AO : B> A:>@>A?5;K9 <>@A:>9 ?;0= 2>A?@5?OBAB2>20; 4>A:>=0;L=> ?@>4C<0==>9 8 E>@>H> A:>>@48=8@>20==>9 09 0B0:5. ?@>G5<, =8 >48= 87 G;5=>2 :><8B5B0 =5 AB0; @072820BL MBC A2>59 AB>@>=K, ?>;030N, GB> B>;L:> =03;O4=0O 45<>=AB@0F8O C 0@40=5;;, ?@0:B8G5A:0O ?@>25@:0 AB@0B538G5A:>3> 7=0G5=8O @>;82>2 2:C?5 A >1@5BQ==>9 =0 45;5 C25@5==>ABLN 2 MDD5:B82=>< 2>7459AB288 0B0:8 =0 2A5 AB@0=K 0;:0= <>3;8 ?>25@=CBL CAB8, 0 =5 2 <5GB0E ?5@5=5AB8 2>9A:0 A 3;02=>3> B50B@0 : 0@40=5;;0<. 8BG5=5@ <>3 >B>1@0BL 0@<8N C D@0=FC7A:>3> D@>=B0 ;8HL ?@8 1>;LH8E =045640E =0 @57C;LB0B C @>;82>2 8 2 B8A:0E 1>;55 G5< =0AB>OB5;L=KE ?>B@51=>AB59. A;8 @0AAC48BL 74@02>, B> 2AQ MB> ;8HL D0=B0788. ;02=>5 :><0=4>20=85 8 D@0=FC7A:89 35=HB01 @0AAB@>8;8 1K ;N1>9 40;5:> 84CI89 ?;0=, ?CABL 4065 8 G8AB> B5>@5B8G5A:>5 ?@54;>65=85 ?@>25AB8 =0 N6=>< B50B@5 >B2;5:0NI89 <0=Q2@ :@C?=K<8 A8;0<8. !=0G0;0 D@0=FC7K A>>1I8;8 1K =0<, GB> >AA8O ?>B5@?5;0 :@0E 8 =0 70?04 2>72@0I0NBAO 2@065A:85 2>9A:0 A>:@CH8B5;L=>9 G8A;5==>AB8; 70B5<, GB> 157=04Q6=> AB5A=5=K 2 1>5?@8?0A0E; 8, =0:>=5F, GB> @07@01>B0;8 87C<8B5;L=K9 ?;0= 1>;LH>3> =0ABC?;5=8O, A>18@0NBAO ?@>@20BL 2@065A:85 ;8=88 8 >B>1@0BL C 35@<0=F52 7=0G8B5;L=CN G0ABL 70E20G5==KE 75<5;L. 0: 1C45B 284=> 87 40;L=59H53>, 0@86 8A?>;L7>20; 8<5==> MB8 0@3C<5=BK 8 2@548; 40@40=5;;LA:>52KE 459AB289; ;53:> 2>>1@078BL, GB> 2AB0;> 1K =0 ?CB8 2AO:>3> 1C<06=>3> ?;0=0 ;N1>9 2>AB>G=>9 :0 @55 2A53>, 0@40=5;;, A 8E =045640<8, A;02>9, ?>B5@O<8 8 @2CI8< A5@4F5 D8=0;>< =5 A;CG8;>AL 1K 2>>1I5.

> :B> <>65B A:070BL, :0: ?>H;8 1K 45;0 157 >?5@0F88 2 @>;820E? 8< <54;8B A >1JO2;5=85< 2>9=K, 84CB =545;8; B5< 2@5<5=5< @CAA:85 ?@>4>;60NB ?@5B5@?520BL 2 0;8F88 8 B0;8O C65 =5 @5H05BAO ?@8<:=CBL : A>N7=8:0<. >;30@8O A?5H8B >1JO28BL =0< 2>9=C 8 2A5 0;:0=K, 70 8A:;NG5=85< !5@188, 2AB0NB ?>4 B52B>=A:85 7=09 0@<88 =5 C<8@0NB =0 0;;8?>;8, => 1LNBAO A =0<8 8;8 A>N7=8:0<8 2 :0:8E-B> 8=KE <5AB0E. G5@57 =5?@>4>;68B5;L=>5 2@5<8O =0 02:075 B5@?8B ?>;=K9 :@0E. K ?@8A;CH8205< @5:><5=40F8O<, >B<5=O5< <>@A:CN 0B0:C 8 ?>;CG05< 270<5= ?@52>AE>4=CN 8 2AOG5A:8 >14C<0==CN 0?5@0F8N? / 2 MB> =5 25@N. K 1K =5 ?>;CG8;8 @>2=K< AGQB>< =8G53>, => 157459AB2>20;8 ?5@54 ;8F>< 48?;><0B8G5A:>3> 8 2>5==>3> >B?>@0, A@548 :@09=5 =51;03>?@8OB=KE >1AB>OB5;LAB2 =0 N6=>< 8 2>AB>G=>< B50B@0E. / =5 =0E>6C @0A:0O=8O 2 A2>Q< A5@4F5. K 459AB2>20;8, 8 MB> 1K;> ?@028;L=>.

/ 286C A2>9 3@5E ;8HL 2 =54>AB0B>G=>< C?>@AB25.


;020 22. 5=578A 0@<59A:>9 0B0:8.

 

> A53> 2@5<5=8 >5==K9 A>25B 8 4<8@0;B59AB2> ?@845@6820;8AL =57K1;5<>3> 4>3<0B0: 0@<8O =5 <>65B 459AB2>20BL ?@>B82 BC@>: 2 @09>=5 0@40=5;;, C =0A =5B 4;O MB>3> 2>9A:. A2>Q< ?5@2>< ?8AL<5 >B 2 O=20@O 8BG5=5@ =0?8A0; <=5: «# =0A =5B A8; 4;O 2KA04:8 345-;81>& @>94CB <5AOFK, ?@5645 G5< <>65< ?@54?@8=OBL GB>-B> 7=0G8<>5». ?5@2>9 65 B5;53@0<<5 >B 3 O=20@O ?@>A: «>7<>6=> ;8, ?> 20H5<=5=8N, D>@A8@>20BL 0@40=5;;K >4=8<8 :>@01;O<8?» , =0:>=5F, 28 O=20@O, =0 25G5@=5< 70A540=88 !>25B0, 2 G0A ?@8=OB8O >:>=G0B5;L=>3> @5H5=8O > <>@A:>9 0B0:5 8BG5=5@ ?>2B>@8;: «!53>4=O C =0A =5B A2>1>4=KE 2>9A:». K =5 ?@54?>;030;8 =8G53> 8=>3> 8 @5H8;8 D>@A8@>20BL 0@40=5;;K A8;0<8 >4=>3> ;8HL D;>B0. (;> 2@5B:@K;8AL =>2K5 D0:BK, 2 83@C 2ABC?8;8 =>2K5 A8;K, 8 ?@54?@8OB85 C @>;82>2 - ?>AB5?5==> 8 =5>1@0B8<> - ?@8=O;> 8=>9 E0@0:B5@ 8 2 =58<>25@=>9 AB5?5=8 @07@>A;>AL. 5 ?@>H;> 8 42CE <5AOF52 :0: ?;0= <>@A:>9 0B0:8 A =5>?@545;Q==K< 8AE>4><, => C<5@5==K<8 @5AC@A0<8 8 >3@0=8G5==K<8 @8A:0<8 >B>HQ; =0 2B>@>9 ?;0= 8 AB0; ;8HL ?>4A?>@L5< 2>5==>9 >?5@0F88 3@0=48>7=>3> @07<0E0. >2K5 ?;0=K 25@AB0;8AL ?><8<> 4<8@0;B59AB20. B =0H8E A>25B>2 >B<0E820;8AL, :@8B8:C >B25@30;8, =5;L7O 1K;> 7040BL 8 ?@>AB>3> 2>?@>A0 157 >A>1KE A45@60==>AB8 8 B0:B0. >5==0O >?5@0F8O 42830;0AL A2>8<8, >1>A>1;5==K<8 ?CBO<8, => >B 5Q 8AE>40 7028A5;> C45@68<.

>O28;8AL 8 2>9A:0. !@07C 65 70 >:>=G0B5;L=K< @5H5=85< >1 0B0:5 >4=8< D;>B>< 2>5==K5 G0AB8 =0G0;8 >1=0@C6820BLAO GCBL ;8 =5 ?>2A5<5AB=>. #<0<8 ?>AB5?5==> >2;04520;> 65;0=85 70?>;CG8BL A>;40B =5 <. ><0=4>20=85 >B;>68;> =0ABC?;5=85 $@5=G0 24>;L ?>15@56LO 5;L388 =0 =5>?@545;Q==K9 A@>:; B5< A01>48;8AL =5:>B>@K5 A8;K. 38?5BA:0O 0@<8O >B@078;0 =5<>I=K5 459AB28O BC@>: 8, ?> 1>;LH59 G0AB8, >A2>1>48;0AL 4;O =>2>3> 45;0. 5CAB0==K5 C?@06=5=8O 02AB@0;89A:8E 8 B5@@8B>@80;L=KE G0AB59 2 38?B5 ?>43>B>28;8 =>2>1@0=F52 : =0ABC?0B5;L=K< >?5@0F8O<. K ?>4028;8 2>AAB0=85 2 .6=>9 D@8:5 8 871028;8AL >B A>?CBAB2CNI8E B@52>3. "5< 2@5<5=5<, >1CG5=85 8 M:8?8@>2:0 5@2>9 8 B>@>9 >2KE @<89 (>1I8< G8A;>< 2 425=04F0BL 4828789) H;8 ?>;=K< E>4><. =3;88 >AB0;>AL =5:>B>@>5 G8A;> A=0@O65==KE, >1CG5==KE 8 3>B>2KE : 1>N B5@@8B>@80;L=KE 4828789 8E A15@53;8 =0 A;CG09 70<>@A:>3> 2B>@65=8O.

A;54CNI85 B@8 <5AOF0 4;O 0@40=5;;LA:>9 >?5@0F88 1K;8 70B@51>20=K:

 

7 =3;88:

29-O 482878O.

25 B5@@8B>@80;L=KE 4828788 ?5@2>9 ;8=88.

>@A:0O 482878O.

"5@@8B>@80;L=0O :>==0O 482878O.

7 38?B0:

25 02AB@0;89A:85 4828788.

>?>;=8B5;L=> 02AB@0;89A:0O 1@83040.

0=:0H8@A:0O B5@@8B>@80;L=0O 482878O.

4=0 8=489A:0O 1@83040.

25 D@0=FC7A:85 4828788.

 

> 2@5<5=8 @5H5=8O > G8AB> <>@A:>9 >?5@0F88, 2A5 ?5@5G8A;5==K5 2KH5 2>9A:0 <>3;8 1K A2>1>4=> >B?@028BLAO 70 3@0=8FC. $;>B =5 70B@C4=8;AO 1K ?@54>AB028BL B@0=A?>@B=K5 AC40 C:070==K< G0ABO<, 8;8 8E M:2820;5=BC 8;8 4065 1>;LH5;40B. 7OBK5 2<5AB5 >=8 =0AG8BK20;8 0@<8N 2 150 000 1>9F>2. 0< 1K;> ?>4 A8;C A>1@0BL MB8 2>9A:0 2 ;N1>< ?C=:B5 >AB>G=>3> !@54875<=><>@LO 5IQ 4> :>=F0 <0@B0. A;8 1K 2 ;N1>9 87 O=20@A:8E 4=59 14C<0==>5, B2Q@4>5 8 ?>4:@5?;Q==>5 E>@>H8< ?;0=>< @5H5=85 A>1@0BL AB>?OB845AOB8BKAOG=CN 0@<8N, ?@>25AB8 :><18=8@>20==CN >?5@0F8N, 70E20B8BL 0;;8?>;8 8 >B:@KBL ?CBL D;>BC B> ?>GB8 =5A><=5==> >45@60;8 1K ?>;=CN ?>154C. <5AB5 A B5<, 2A5 C:070==K5 2>9A:>2K5 A>548=5=8O - :@><5 29-9 4828788 - 1K;8 AD>@<8@>20=K 8;8 4>2545=K 4> HB0B=>9 G8A;5==>AB8 B>;L:> 2 =0G0;5 2>9=K. >20O, 1>;LH0O :0 >1CG5==K<8 2>9A:0<8 2 CA;>28OE 45D8F8B0 A=0@O65=8O >G5=L A5@LQ7=>5 45;>. >B 0@3C<5=B 2 ?>;L7C 0B0:8 >4=8< ;8HL D;>B>< >?5@0F88 >3@0=8G5==>9, => ;>38G=>9 8 A>2<5AB=>9 A> 2A5< E>4>< 2>9=K. 10 ?;0=0 8<5NB A2>Q >?@0240=85. 0 45;5, ?@>87>H;0 25IL =5 >?@0240==0O =8G5< :@><5 G5;>25G5A:8E A;01>AB59 - 01AC@4, => 20;8 : =>2>9 :0 AB5?5==>, 157 2AO:>3> >?@545;Q==>3> @5H5=8O 8;8 GQB:>3> ?;0=0. 1AB>OB5;LAB20 ?@>O2;O;8AL 8A?>42>;L, ?5@A>=0;L=K5 :0G5AB20 A:07K20;8AL =5 ;CGH8< >1@07><, 8 >5==K9 A>25B A?>;70; 2 ?@>?0ABL =570<5B=>, => =5C:;>==>.

B5 4=8, @07>1@0BLAO 2 =5 <5=55 A;>6=>, =565;8 @5H8BL 70?CB0==K5 ?@>1;5<>9 2>9=K. $5;L4<0@H0; ?>;L7>20;AO 157<5@=K<8 ?@5AB865< 8 02B>@8B5B><. 48=AB25==> >= 2K@060; <=5=85 2>5==>3> 254>25B5. A5 2>AE8I0;8AL E0@0:B5@>< 2>5==>3> <8=8AB@0, 8 :064K9 =0E>48; 2 =Q< >?>@C A@548 C60A=KE 8 =5?@542845==KE A>1KB89 ?5@2KE 2>5==KE <5AOF52. AO:>5 @5H5=85 8BG5=5@0 AB0=>28;>AL >:>=G0B5;L=K<. / =5 ?><=N, GB>1K >5==K9 A>25B 8;8 018=5B 1@0; =04 =8< 25@E 2 ;N1>< 87 2>5==KE 45;, 1>;LH>< 8;8 <0;><. 8 >48= >B@O4 =5 42830;AO A <5AB> ?@>B82 53> A>3;0A8O, 1>;55 B>3> 2>?@5:8 53> @5:><5=40F8O<. 420 ;8 :B>-B> @8A:>20; A?>@8BL A =8< 2 !>25B5. !8 >3@><=K< B@C40<, =045640 8 25@0 2 ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=K5 C<5=8O 8 ?;0=K D5;L4<0@H0;0 >1H8@=K5, 3;C1>:85, =5?>AB8684=>3> 87 =0A - =5 >AB02;O;8 <5AB0 A><=5=8O< 8 A?>@0< 2 2>5==>< <8=8AB5@AB25 8 ?@028B5;LAB25. A5A8;L=K9, A?>:>9=K9 8 70<:=CBK9, >= A>25@H5==> ?>402;O; =0H !>25B, :>340 @5GL H;0 >1 >@30=870F88 8 =07=0G5=88 0@<89.

> 70 2=CH8B5;L=K<, @>A:>H=K< D0A04>< A:@K20;>AL <=>65AB2> A;01>AB59 8 < 15A?>:>9AB2>< =0E>48;8 B>2K5 8 =>2K5 A2845B5;LAB20. >5==K9 <8=8AB@ 2720;8; =0 A51O =5?>A8;L=K9 3@C7, A =>H59 8BG5=5@0 =5 A?@028;8AL 1K 8 B@8 1>30BK@O. = ?>4<5=8; A>1>N 2AQ 2>5==>5 <8=8AB5@AB2>, ?>;=>ABLN ?@5=51@Q3 35=5@0;L=K< HB01><, >AB0282 70 =8< ;8HL <5E0=8G5A:89 A1>@ 8=D>@<0F88, => HB01=>9 0??0@0B 8BG5=5@0 5420 ;8 A?@02;O;AO 4065 8 A MB>9 @01>B>9. 35=HB015 >AB0;AO >48= G5;>25: 2K40NI8EAO A?>A>1=>AB59 35=5@0;-:20@B8@<59AB5@ AM@ 6>= >20=A; 8=K5 :> B>@>?8;8AL 2K@20BLAO 87 AB@0=K 2> $@0=F8N A M:A?548F8>==K< :>@?CA><, ?@54GC2AB2CO, GB> 8< ?@84QBAO C?@02;OBL E>4>< 2A59 2>9=K 2 87@O4=KE H>@0E - =5 A ;>=4>=A:8E 2KA>B, => 87 HB01-:20@B8@K 1@8B0=A:>9 0@<88 2 !5=-<5@5. 0:0=B=K5 8 206=59H85 ?>ABK 70=O;8 >D8F5@K 87 A?8A:0 C2>;5==KE 2 70?0A 8 ;N48 =8G5< =5 70O282H85 > A515 A@548 2>5==KE C<>2 @8B0=88. 8BG5=5@, A 53> 02B>@8B5B>< 8 ?>;>65=85< >1@0B8; 8E 2 A>;O=K5 AB>;?K. 8:B> =5 2K:070; 4>2>;L=> E0@0:B5@0 8 A?>A>1=>AB59, GB>1K ?>A?>@8BL A> A2>8< =0G0;L=8:>< M=5@38G=> 8 ?>-<0@H0;0 2>72KH0;AO =04 2A5<8 :0: :>;>:>;L=O, 8 ?>4G8=Q==K5 BO=C;8AL ?@54 =8< :0: AC10;B5@=K =0 ?;0FC. 8 >48= 87 =8E =5 >14C<0; >1I53> E>40 2>9=K 8 =5 >1@0B8;AO : 3;02:><5=B8@>20==K<8 8 ?@82545==K<8 2 A8AB540<8; 2A5 640;8 @5H5=89 D5;L4<0@H0;0 8 8A?>;=O;8 8E, @52=>AB=> 8 @LO=>. :B> 65 >14C1I85, AB@0B538G5A:85 2>?@>AK 2>9=K? ';5=K >5==>3> A>25B0. 5 :B> 8=>9, :0: :0=F;5@ 07=0G59AB20, <8AB5@ ;>94-6>@46, 157>H81>G=> ?>=O; 8 >B:@K; 018=5BC 3@O4CI89 2>5==K9 :@0E >AA88. <5==> O, 70 =58<5=85< ?>;=>F5==KE 2>5==KE ?;0=>2, ?@54;>68; <5B>4 - :0: <8=848= 2>7459AB28O =0 1;86=52>AB>G=CN ?>;8B8G5A:CN A8BC0F8N. 'B> >AB020;>AL 8BG5=5@C? 5@60BLAO 2 AB@5<8B5;L=>< 2>4>2>@>B5 2>5==KE 45; 157 B2Q@4>9 >?>@K, 157 OA=>9, E>@>H> ?@>4C<0==>9 8 ?@>AG8B0==>9 4>:B@8=K.

@57C;LB0B5 D5;L4<0@H0; ?@8=8<0; B> >4=>, B> 4@C3>5 @5H5=85, @C:>2>4AB2COAL 7;>1>9 4=O: A>1KB8O<8, 70G0ABCN <8<>;QB=K<8, 8 @5H5=8O >:07K20;8AL ?@>B82>@5G82K. = @07@K20;AO <564C 42C25@H5==> ?@>B82>?>;>6=K<8 273;O40<8 =0 2>9=C; ?@825@65=FK :064>9 87 4>:B@8= ?@8E>48;8 : D5;L4<0@H0;C A D0:B0<8, 0@3C<5=B0<8 8 C15640;8 53> 2 A2>59 ?@02>B5, AB@0AB=> 8 =0AB>OB5;L=>. 54CI85 2>5=0G0;L=8:8 1@8B0=A:>9 0@<88 8 023CAB59H85 02B>@8B5BK 3;02=>3> :><0=4>20=8O $@0=F88 =0AB0820;8 =0 B><, GB> 2A5 A8;K, :064>5 >@C485, 8 :064K9 A>;40B 4>;6=K 1KBL ?5@540=K =0 0?04: «C18209B5 35@<0=F52», @28B5 8E ;8=88, 8=0G5 ?>1548BL =52>7<>6=>. 8=8AB@K >5==>3> A>25B0, A>1@0=85 ;845@>2 ?>;8B8G5A:>9 687=8 A2>53> ?>:>;5=8O A<>B@5;8 2 4@C3CN AB>@>=C, 8 2845;8 B50B@K 1C4CI8E A@065=89 1915 3>40 =0 .35 8 >AB>:5. 87=5==K9 >?KB 8 ?@8AB@0AB8O 8BG5=5@0 >1@0I0;8 53> : >AB>:C. $5;L4<0@H0; >BGQB;82> ?>=8<0; 2A5 ?5@A?5:B82K 8 2>7<>6=K5 2K3>4K MB>3> =0?@02;5=8O =>, 2 B> 65 A0<>5 2@54 =5>A;01=K< 8 GC4>28I=K< 402;5=85< A> AB>@>=K D@0=FC7A:>3> D@>=B0 65 ?@5B5@?520;8 53>, => =5 2 @02=>9 A 8BG5=5@>< AB5?5=8.

@>1;5<0 8<5;0 @5H5=85. K <>3;8 C2O70BL 425 ?@>B82>?>;>6=K5 :>=F5?F88; =8G53> =52>7<>6=>3> 2 MB>< =5 1K;>. #65 2 O=20@5 <>3;0 1KBL >1JO2;5=0 A;54CNI0O ?@>3@0<<0, ?>4:@5?;Q==0O E>@>H> >14C<0==K< ?;0=><: >?5@0F8O =0 ;86=5< >AB>:5 2 <0@B5, 0?@5;5, <05 8 4065 8N=5 A ?>A;54CNI59 ?5@51@>A:>9 :@C?=KE A8; =0 70?04=K9 D@>=B >A5=LN 1915 8;8, GB> 5IQ ;CGH5, 2 1;03>?@8OB=KE CA;>28OE 25A=K 1916 3>40. 0< 1K;> 2>7<>6=> >1J548=8BL >15 :>=F5?F88, 2KAB@>8BL 8E 2 ?>4>10NI59 ?>A;54>20B5;L=>AB8, 2 F5;>AB=CN F5?L, A 4>;6=K< @0728B85<; 4C<0N, GB> 2KA>:85 02B>@8B5BK A>3;0A8;8AL 1K A ?>4>1=K<, 01A>;NB=> @50;L=K< >1@07>< 459AB289. > 8BG5=5@ A=8: ?5@54 A8;0<8 ?@>B82>1>@AB2>202H8E A>?5@=8:>2.

0@H0; >?@545;Q==> =5 <>3 A?@028BLAO A =020;82H8<8AO BO3>B0<8 8 8A?KB0=8O<8 8, ?><8<> ?@>G53>, >AB020;AO ?@8 >3@><=>< 45;5 >2KE @<89: =01>@, >@30=870F8O, M:8?8@>2:0, => 45;> =5 8AG5@?K20;>AL 8 MB8<: >= >:070;AO A@548 =5C:;>==> @0ABCI8E B@C4=>AB59 2>5==>3> A=0165=8O, ?5@54 7040G0<8 ?@>872>4AB20 8 70:C?:8 2>5==>3> A=0@O65=8O 2 =51K20;>< 4>A5;5 <0AHB015. >?@>AK >15A?5G5=8O 0@<88 <5=O;8 >1I5AB25==CN 8 8=4CAB@80;L=CN 687=L AB@0=K - 1>;55 B>3> - 70B@03820;8 M:>=><8:C 8 D8=0=A>2CN A8AB5 <8@0. >102LB5 : MB> 2>5==K< 45;0< 2 !>25B5 8 018=5B5 A0??>=8@>20;8; 4>102LB5 ?>AB>O==>5 8 >1O70B5;L=>5 C?@02;5=85 >3@><=K< D@>=B><, @C:>2>4AB2> 206=59H8<8 >?5@0F8O<8, M:A?548F8O<8, F5;K<8 :0 9 =0 4>;N 25;8:>3> 3@0640=8=0 @8B0=88 2K?0;0 =5?>A8;L=0O 4;O A<5@B=>3> =>H0.

>;6=> 70<5B8BL, GB> 8BG5=5@ =8:0: =5 65;0; >1;53G8BL A2>53> ?>;>65=8O, A>2A5< =0>1>@>B A ?>@>30 >B25@30; ;N1CN ?>?KB:C 2<5H0B5;LAB20 8 4065 87CG5=8O >1H8@=>9 >1;0AB8 A2>8E >1O70==>AB59. /=20@A:0O ?>?KB:0 >A2>1>48BL <8=8AB@0 >1>@>=K >B >B25BAB25==>AB8 70 ?@>872>4AB2> A=0@O65=8O 2A5E 284>2 C?Q@;0AL 2 F5?:CN >1>@>=C 8BG5=5@0. = 4>25@O; ?>4G8=Q==K< ;8HL A0<8=8BK. 070;>AL, <0@H0; C?@02;O5B 25;8:>9 2>9=>9 ;8G=> 8 B5<8 65 <5B>40<8, GB> ?@8=5A;8 5 2@5<5=0 :@>E>B=>9 =8;LA:>9 M:A?548F88. 5=5@0;L=K9 HB01 25@=55 B>, GB> >AB0;>AL >B =53> ?@52@0B8;AO 2 15A?>;57=>3> ?@86820;0 ?@8 3;02=>:><0=4CNI5<. ;02:>< :0: B> A2845B5;LAB2>20;8 459AB28O 53> A5:@5B0@80B0 - =5 ?@5<8=C; 2<5H0BLAO 8 2> 2=CB@5==NN ?>;8B8:C: @;0=48O, ACE>9 70:>=, ?@>DA>N7K.

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

9 D52@0;O ?>A;5 <=>38E 48A:CAA89 A $@5=G5< >5==K9 A>25B @5H8;: 5A;8 D8=K 2ABC?0NB 2 2>9=C =0 AB>@>=5 A>N7=8:>2, < @5F88 29-N 482878N (?>:0 >=0 >AB020;0AL 2 =3;88) 2<5AB5 A D@0=FC7A:>9 48287859. > <>5<=5=8N, >4=8 B>;L:> 425 4828788, ?@54;>65==K5 A0<8 ?> A515, 157> 2AO:>9 A2O78 A 2>7<>6=K< @57C;LB0B>< <>@A:>3> HBC@<0 0@40=5;; =5 <>3;8 ?@82;5GL 3@5:>2. / =5 25@8;, GB> @5F8O 8 B5< 1>;55 >;30@8O C2;5:CBAO AB>;L >3@0=8G5==>9 ?><>ILN. 0>1>@>B: A:C?>5 >15I0=85 O2=> 45<>=AB@8@>20;> =>HC A;01>ABL. / >:070;AO ?@02: 5=875;>A =542CA >B25@3 ?@54;>65=85.

"5< 2@5<5=5< =5CAB0==0O ?>43>B>2:0 <>@A:>9 0B0:8 ?>4E>48;0 : 7025@H5=8N. K45;5==K5 4;O 45;0 :>@01;8 CA?5;8 ?@81KBL =0 <5AB> 8;8 H;8 : @>;820<. K 70:;NG8;8 =5D>@<0;L=>5 A>3;0H5=85 A 5=875;>A>< 8 ?>;CG8;8 2 A2>Q @0A?>@O65=85 <>@A:CN 107C: >AB@>2 5<=>A A ?@>AB>@=>9 3020=LN C4@>A. 4<8@0;B59AB2> CA?5;> >B?@028BL =0 >AB@>2 420 10B0;L>=0 <>@A:>9 ?5E>BK 87 A>AB020 >@A:>9 4828788 A 548=AB25==>9 F5;LN: ?@54>AB028BL 0@45=C 2KA04>G=K5 >B@O4K 4;O >:>=G0B5;L=>3> @07@CH5=8O ?>402;5==KE D;>B>< >@C489 8 D>@B>2. 5A0=BK ?@54?>;030;8AL ?>A;5 B>3> :0: :>@015;L=0O 0@B8;;5@8O A>25@H5==> A;><8B A>?@>B82;5=85 2@030 8 40AB ?5E>B5 A2>1>4C 459AB2>20BL 2 B>< 8;8 8=>< @09>=5 0;;8?>;89A:>3> ?>;C>AB@>20. > BCB $8H5@ 8 5=@8 65:A>= C7=0;8 >1 >A2>1>482H8EAO 2>9A:0E 87@O4=>9 G8A;5==>AB8 8 A@07C 65 ?>B@51>20;8 8E 4;O 0@40=5;;LA:>9 >?5@0F88. 65:A>= A>AB028; 70?8A:C (15 D52@0;O): «5;L7O C?CA:0BL 87 284C, GB> 4>AB0B>G=0O 2>5==0O ?>445@6:0 ?>72>;8B =0< ?>60BL ?;>4K B@C4=>3> <>@A:>3> ?@54?@8OB8O; B@0=A?>@BK A 2>9A:0<8 4>;6=K 2>9B8 2 @>;82K, :0: B>;L:> D>@BK 2 #7>ABOE 70<>;G0B&  5 4C<0N, GB> AB>8B >6840BL 25A><>3> @57C;LB0B0 >B >4=>9 ;8HL 1><10@48@>2:8 A <>@O, 5A;8 7=0G8B5;L=K5 2>5==K5 A8;K =5 1C4CB A>?CBAB2>20BL >?5@0F88 8;8, ?> :@09=59 <5@5, =5 ?>94CB 70 D;>B>< A@07C 65 ?>A;5 ?>402;5=8O D>@B>2.» 7;>65=> AC<1C@=>. 07=8F0 <564C «1C4CB A>?CBAB2>20BL >?5@0F88» 8 «?>94CB 70 D;>B>< A@07C 65 ?>A;5 ?>402;5=8O D>@B>2» >3@><=0. $8H5@, =5 2 ?@8<5@ 65:A>=C, 87JOA=O;AO A ?@545;L=>9 OA=>ABLN. = E>B5; HBC@<0 8 70E20B0 0;;8?>;8 0@<859. B> 2@55==K9 A>25B =5 ?@54?>;030;8 MB>3> 45;0BL.

 

«045NAL, GB> 2K C1548B5 8BG5=5@0 ?8A0; <=5 ?5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 25G5@>< 16 D52@0;O 2KA;0BL 4828788 =0 5<=>A 702B@0 65! 57 >::C?0F88 @09>=0 0@40=5;; 0@<859 < =8 548=>3> ?H5=8G=>3> 75@=0 A 'Q@=>3> <>@O, 8 =0H8 ?>B><:8 =5 CAB0=CB ?><8=0BL C4828B5;L=>5 45;> - 2>5==K5 >B:070;8 2 ?><>I8 D;>BC, 8<5O 2 =3;88 ?>;<8;;8>=0 A>;40B.

>9=0 ?>B5@O==KE 2>7<>6=>AB59! >G5

;02CG85 3>A?8B0;8 ?>94CB : 5<=>AC (2 >@838=0;5 «The Haslar boats» - Crusoe) =5<54;5==>, 2 ;N1>5 2@59 =0 0;;8?>;8.»

 

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«515=0» 8 «@5A;0C»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

> @07 C6 8BG5=5@ 8 >5==K9 A>25B =0H;8 7=0G8B5;L=K5 1@8B0=A:85 A8;K 4;O >AB>:0 ?@52>AE>4=>; B5?5@L 284K =0 CA?5H=>5 7025@H5=85 >?5@0F88 70<5B=> C;CGH8;8AL. @<8O, A>1@0==0O 2 38?B5 8 =0 3@5G5A:8E >AB@>20E :070;0AL @5H8B5;L=>9 A8;>9 4;O 7025@H0NI53> C40@0. =0 <>3;0 1K 70E20B8BL ?5@5H55: C C;08@0 ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: D;>B D>@A8@C5B @>;82K - B>340 BC@:8 M20:C8@CNB ?>;C>AB@>2, ;81> 5A;8 "C@F8O ?>94QB =0 ?5@5<8@85 A@07C 65 >::C?8@>20BL >=AB0=B8=>?>;L. A;8 4;O ?@>@K20 ?>B@51CNBAO 1>;LH85 45A0=B=K5 ?0@B88, D;>B, 2@5B 2@5<5=8, <>65B 1@0BL 8E 87 MB>3> 8AB>G=8:0. ;8OB5;L=K5 ?5@A>=K ?@>94QB =5A:>;L:> 2@5<5=8 8 >=8 A>25@H5==> @07>94CBAO 2> 273;O40E - =5<54;5==> 8 548=>3;0A=> >1J548=8;8AL 2 @5H5=88 ?>A;0BL 2>9A:0 =0 2>AB>:. !@548 @07=>3>;>A8FK 2> <=5=8OE 8 ?;0=0E, 2 1KAB@>9 G5@545 BO65;59H8E A>1KB89 ?>4=O;>AL >G5284=>5 4;O 2A5E =0A, @01>B=8:>2 4<8@0;B59AB20 AB@5<;5=85: A>1@0BL 2>7<>6=> 1>;LHCN 0@<8N, ?>AB028BL =04 =59 ;CGH53> 87 35=5@0;>2 8 ?>A;0BL 2 >AB>G=>5 !@54875<=><>@L5; 445@6820;8 2AQ, GB> <>3;> ?><>GL A1>@C 8 >B?@02:5 40@40=5;;LA:>9 0@<88 ?>AB>O==> 8 2 ;N1>9 48A:CAA88.

16 D52@0;O AB0;> =Q< 5@48:B0. ;NG52K5 <8=8AB@K, 2 B>< G8A;5 A:28B, 8BG5=5@ 8 O ?@8H;8 =0 >5==K9 A>25B 8 ?@8=O;8 A;54CNI55 @5H5=85 2?>A;54AB288 >=> 2>H;> 2 ?@>B>:>;K !>25B0:

 

(1) 29-O 482878O 2 2>7<>6=> :@0BG09H89 A@>: - 65;0B5;L=> CA?5BL 70 452OBL 8;8 45AOBL 4=59 - ?5@5?@02;O5BAO =0 5<=>A.

(2) >43>B>28BL M:A?548F8N 87 38?B0, A0<0 ?5@51@>A:0 2>9A: - ?> <5@5 =5>1E>48<>AB8.

(3) #:070==K5 2>9A:0 2<5AB5 A C65 4>AB02;5==K<8 =0 <5AB> 10B0;L>=0<8 <>@A:>9 ?5E>BK ?>445@60B <>@A:CN 0B0:C 0@40=5;;, 5A;8 =0 B> 2>7=8:=5B =0AB>OB5;L=0O ?>B@51=>ABL.

(4) 29-O 482878O 7018@05B A A>1>9 ?0@>7:8 ;>H0459; 4<8@0;B59AB2> >15A?5G8205B A1>@ <0;5=L:8E AC4>2, 1C:A8@>2 8 ;8EB5@>2 2 ?>@B0E 520=B0.

 

0ABC?;5=85 0@<88 C @>;82>2 =0G0;>AL A 70A540=8O 16 D52@0;O. «!>25I0=85 3;0AOB <0B5@80;K 0@40=5;;LA:>9 :><8AA88 =5 ?@8=O;> OA=>3> @5H5=8O >1 8A?>;L7>20=88 0@<88 2 1>;LH8E <0AHB010E, => 2>9A:0 :>=F5=B@8@>20;8 A F5;LN 5A;8 MB> ?>B@51C5BAO - ?CAB8BL 8E 2 45;>». B>B 45=L <8;8 04<8@0;0 0@45=0, GB> >= <>65B ?>;L7>20BLAO 3020=LN C4@>A0 8 =07=0G8;8 :>=B@-04<8@0;0 #M<8AA0 =0G0;L=8:>< =04 >AB@>2=>9 107>9. 5G5@>< 16 D52@0;O, 2> 8A?>;=5=85 ?@8=OBKE @5H5=89, O ?>@CG8; =0G0;L=8:C <>@A:>3> HB010 04<8@0;C ;825@C 3>B>28BL B@0=A?>@B=K5 AC40 4;O 29-9 4828788 A> 2A59 2>7<>6=>9 1KAB@>B>9. B>B 65 45=L ;825@ 2K?CAB8; A>>B25BAB2CNI89 ?@8:07. 0 @5H5=85< > A1>@5 0@<88 AB>O;> =5A><=5==>5 8 =52KA:070==>5 A>3;0A85 8A?>;L7>20BL 5Q ?@8 C4>1=>< A;CG05. > ?>:0 >1 MB>< =5 3>2>@8;8.

#65 =0 A;54CNI89 45=L, 17 D52@0;O, 8BG5=5@ ?>?0; ?>4 65AB>G09H89 =068<. ;02=>5 :><0=4>20=85 D@0=FC7A:>3> D@>=B0 ?>B@51>20;> >AB028BL 29-N 482878N 4;O 70?040. 0 45;5, :0: B> ?@>=8F0B5;L=> 70<5G5=> 2 >D8F80;L=>9 2>5==>-<>@A:>9 8AB>@88, 29-O 482878O AB0;0 :;NG52K< ?C=:B>< 2 1>@L15 <56 AB>@>==8:0<8 42CE AB@0B5389, «70?04=8:0<8» 8 «2>AB>G=8:0<8» - B0: =0G0;8 8E =07K20BL 2 =0H5<, ?@820B=>< :@C3C. 8BG5=5@ >:070;AO <564C <>;>B>< 8 =0:>20;L=59 8 70<5B0;AO 2 9 =5@5H8B5;L=>AB8.

> A8E ?>@ C 0@40=5;; =5 ?@>72CG0;> =8 >4=>3> 2KAB@5;0, => O;8 2 ?@54425@88 0B0:8 =0 2=5H=85 D>@BK. 0 70A540=88 !>25B0 19 D52@0;O 8BG5=5@ ?>;=>ABLN ?5@5<5=8; <=5=85. = 70O28;, GB> =5 <>65B A>3;0A8BLAO A ?5@52>4>< 29-9 4828788 =0 2>AB>:: ?@8G8=0 - >?0A=0O A;01>ABL >AA88, >3@><=K5 <0AAK 35@<0=F52 <>3CB 25@=CBLAO A 2>AB>G=>3> D@>=B0 =0 70?04=K9 8 >1@CH8BLAO =0 =0A 2> $@0=F88. / >G5=L A><=520;AO, GB> 8BG5=5@ 25@8B A>1AB25==K< A;>20<. = 4>;65= 1K; ?>=8<0BL, GB> ?><8<> 2A5E ?@>G8E =5;5?>AB59 5@<0=88 D878G5A:8 =52>7<>6=> ?5@51@>A8BL 1>;LH85 0@<88 87 >AA88 =0 D@0=FC7A:89 D@>=B, =0 MB> C94QB <8=8<5AOF0, => 5A;8 4065 8 B0:, 29-O 482878O >4=0-548=AB25==0O 482878O =8G53> =5 87<5=8B. C<0N, GB> 8BG5=5@ 4>1@>A>25AB=> ?5@51@0; 2A5 2>7<>6=K5 4>2>4K 8, 2 @57C;LB0B5, A<>3 ?>4?5@5BL A2>Q @5H5=85 ;8HL B0:8< 0@3C<5=B><.

!>25B A:;>=8;AO ?5@54 2>;59 8BG5=5@0, => >AB0;AO ?@8 ?@56=5< <=5=88 8 =0<5@5=8OE: <8=8AB@K ?>AB0=>28;8 >B;>68BL >B?@02:C 29-9 4828788, =>, 2 B> 65 2@5<8@0;B59AB2C =5 >AB0=02;820BL ?>43>B>2:C B@0=A?>@B>2 4;O A?>@=>9 4828788 8 ?@>G8E 2>9A:. 20 D52@0;O O >B?8A0; =0G0;L=8:C ?5@52>7>:: «A5 ?@83>B>2;5=8O 4;O ?>3@C7:8 29-9 4828788 4>;6=K 1KBL 70:>=G5=K 157 <0;59H53> ?@><54;5=8O, E>BO >:>=G0B5;L=>3> @5H5=8O >1 >B?@02:5 4828788 ?>:0 =5 ?@8=OB>».

20 D52@0;O AB0;> =Q< BABC?;5=8O. 8BG5=5@ =5 B>;L:> >B:070;AO >B?@028BL =0 2>AB>: 29-N 482878N, => >B25@3 ;N1CN 7=0G8B5;L=CN :>=F5=B@0F8N A8; 2 MB>< @538>=5. «$@0=F8O B0: >= ?8A0; <=5 20 D52@0;O 25AL<0 I5?5B8;L=0 8 B@51C5B AB>;L:> 1@8B0=A:8E 2>9A:, A:>;L:> 1K;> =0<8 >15I0=>. / B>;L:> GB> >B @5O; =045NAL, GB> 1@5<5=8< 53> =5?@8OB=>ABO<8, C@5702 D@0=FC7A:89 :>=B8=35=B 2 C3>4C 0@40=5;;0<ý». 8BG5=5@ 70O28;, GB> A>3;0A8;AO A>1@0BL B@0=A?>@BK =0 40 000 G5;>25: C ;5:A0=4@88 @048 ?@>AB>9 ?@54>AB>@>6=>AB8, =5 1>;55 B>3>. > >= 70HQ; 5IQ 40;LH5. 0@H0; ?>A;0; A2>53> 04JNB0=B0, E@01@>3> 8 8A?>;=8B5;L=>3> ?>;:>2=8:0 $8F465@0;L40 : ?5@2><>@A:>@4C 8 2 B@0=A?>@B=K9 45?0@B0<5=B 4<8@0;B59AB20 A 8725AB85< >1 >B<5=5 >B?@02:8 29-9 4828788. 5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 8 48@5:B>@ B@0=A?>@B=>3> >B45;0 =5 CA><=8;8AL 2 B><, GB> 8BG5=5@ 8 O >:>=G0B5;L=> >1> 2AQ< 4>3>2>@8;8AL. =8 >B<5=8;8 ?@8:07 >B 16 D52@0;O > A1>@5 8 A=0@O65=88 B@0=A?>@B>2, 8, =8:0: =5 >?>25AB82 <5=O, @0A?@545;8;8 F5;K9 D;>B 87 4204F0B8 42CE AC4>2 <564C 8=K<8 7040G0<8.

!>25B 2>7>1=>28; 48A:CAA8N 24 8, 70B5<, 26 D52@0;O: : B><5=8 ?@8H;8 D0:B8G5A:85 8725AB8O >1 0B0:5 0@40=5;;LA:8E C:@5?;5=89. ><10@48@>2:0 2=5H=8E D>@B>2 =0G0;0AL 19 D52@0;O; ?5@0F8N 87-70 ?;>E>9 ?>3>4K, => 2?5G0B;5=8O >B @50;L=>3> 1>52>3> 45;0 >:070;8AL 1;03>?@8OB=K. A;8 19 D52@0;O AB0;> =Q< 5@48:B0, 0 20-5 =Q< BABC?;5=8O, B> 24 8 26 D52@0;O <>6=> =0720BL 4=O<8 > <8AA0 8 >;C<5@. 24 G8A;0 8BG5=5@ 70O28;, GB> 2848B «=52>7<>6=>ABL 4;O D;>B0 ?@>9B8 @>;820<8 157 ?>AB>O==>9 ?><>I8 0@<88. >@065=85 =0 2>AB>:5 >15@=QBAO ?;0G52=K<8 ?>A;54AB28O<8. K =5 <>65< >BABC?8BL». ><0=4CNI89 2 >48= ?@8A5AB @0745;0;AO A 84559 ?@5:@0B8BL <>@A:CN 0B0:C 8 2K1@0BL 8=CN F5;L 2 A;CG05 G@57<5@=KE B@C4=>AB59 8 ?@87=0; 2>7<>6=>ABL 3@0=48>7=>3> 2>5==>3> ?@54?@8OB8O. / 2 ?>;=>9 <5@5 8A?>;L7>20; =04564K 8 8=B5@5A, 2>71C64Q==K5 <>@A:>9 0B0:>9 8 M=5@38G=> =0AB0820; =0 >B?@02:5 29-9 4828788 :0: 24, B0: 8 26 D52@0;O.

> 8BG5=5@, 2>?@5:8 A2>8< 65 A;>20<, C?>@AB2>20; 2 >B:075. = >B?@028; : 0@40=5;;0< :><0=48@0 2AB@0;89A:>3> 0@<59A:>3> :>@?CA0 35=5@0;0 Q@42C40. 0@H0; >B;8G=> 7=0; 35=5@0;0, 4>25@O; 5@CG8; Q@42C4C 4>;>68BL > 2>7<>6=>AB8 8 ?5@A?5:B820E 2>5==>9 0B0:8. 24 D52@0;O 2>5==>5 254> ?>?@>A8;> 4<8@0;B59AB2> =0?@028BL A;54CNICN B5;53@0<<8@0;C 0@45=C. @>5:B ?>A;0=8O A>AB028; 5=@8 65:A>=.

 

&>5==>5 <8=8AB5@AB2> ?>;0305B, GB> ?5@20O 87 3;02=KE 7040G, 0 8<5==> C=8GB>65=85 AB0F8>=0@=KE 10B0@59 =5 B@51C5B >::C?0F88 N6=>9 >:>=5G=>AB8 ?>;C>AB@>20 4> ;8=88 !C0=45@5 '0=0 20A8. @<8O >AB0=5BAO =0 5<=>A5 2 ?>AB>O==>9 3>B>2=>AB8 ?>445@6820BL D;>B 2A?><>30B5;L=K<8 459AB28O<8 =0 >1>8E 15@530E - @07@CH5=85 70<0A:8@>20==KE 10B0@59, 1>@L10 A A8;0<8 ?@8:@KB8O - 8 =0G=QB 3;02=>5 45;> ?>A;5 B>3> :0: ?@>E>4 G5@57 @>;82K >:065BAO 2 =0H8E @C:0E; 2>7<>6=>, GB> 40;55 ?>=04>1OBAO 70E20B 8 C45@60=85 1C;08@A:8E ?>78F89 A B5< GB>1K >BA5GL 0;;8?>;8 >B 2>5==>3> A=0165=8O. 20< 2K5E0; 35=5@0; Q@42C4. 5 ?@54?@8=8<09B5 =8G53> 7=0G8B5;L=>3> 70 ?@545;0<8 40;L=>AB8 :>@015;L=KE >@C489 ?>:0 =5 >1AC48B5 45;> A 35=5@0;><, 8 ?>:0 =5 ?@84QB 70:;NG5=85 =0 53> @0?>@B.

 

'5@57 420 4=O, 26 D52@0;O 8BG5=5@ C?>;=><>G8; Q@42C40 8A?>;L7>20BL 2AB@0;89A:89 0@<59A:89 :>@?CA «2?;>BL 4> ?@8<5=5=8O 2A59 53> A8;K» 4;O ?><>I8 D;>BC.

AQ MB> 1K;8 ?>;C<5@K, => 4065 8 ?0;;80B82 ?>4>1=>3> <0AHB010 ?>;=>ABLN <5=O; E0@0:B5@ 45;0. / =0HQ; ?@>8AE>4OI55 =0AB>;L:> @8A:>20==K<, GB> 26 D52@0;O, =0 70A540=88 >5==>3> A>25B0 >D8F80;L=> >B:070;AO >B 2AO:>9 >B25BAB25==>AB8 70 ?>A;54AB28O :0:>9-;81> 2>5==>9 >?5@0F88. !>25B 70=QA <>9 >B:07 2 ?@>B>:>;. 0B5< ?>A;54>20;> 25A><>5 2<5H0B5;LAB2> ?@5<8=8AB@0: >=, A0@8G5A:8< >1@07><, ?@8720; 8BG5=5@0 =5 ?>4@K20BL 455A?>A>1=>ABL 2>AB>G=>9 0@<88 8 2:;NG8BL 2 =5Q >4=C @53C;O@=CN 482878N. AQ 1K;> BI5B=>. !>25B >:>=G8;AO; O 7045@60;AO 4;O @073>2>@0 A A:28B><. / 7=0;, GB> >= =0 <>59 AB>@>=5 8 GB> <=5=85 !>25B0 70 8A:;NG5=85< >4=>3> ;8HL 8BG5=5@0 548=>. / C15640; A:28B0 C?>B@518BL 25AL A2>9 02B>@8B5B 8 =0AB>OBL =0 >B?@02:5 29-9 4828788 =0 5<=>A 8;8 2 ;5:A0=4@8N. <5==> B>340 :> <=5 ?@8H;> >AB@>5 ?@54GC2AB285 3@O4CI59 154K. / ?>=O; 8 4065 7=0; - GB> =0ABC?8; ?>2>@>B=K9 <><5=B; A53>4=O O 7=0N 8 ?>A;54AB28O: <>38;L=K9 :C@30= A@548 8AB>@8G5A:8E <>=C<5=B>2. @5 5IQ >= <>65B ?@54?@8=OBL. = A45;0; 2AQ, GB>1K C1548BL 8BG5=5@0. A:28B =5 <>3 ?@>AB> >B<5=8BL @5H5=85 <0@H0;0 8;8 >BAB028BL 53> >B 4>;6=>AB8; 2>?@>A =5 AB>8; C40;5=8O 8BG5=5@0, 25AL 35=HB01 8 2A5 D@0=FC7A:85 =0G0;L=8:8 AB>O;8 =0 AB>@>=5 3;02:><0.

25 D52@0;O O ?>43>B>28; 4>:C<5=B >F5=:C >1I59 A8BC0F88 8 8A?>;L7>20; 53> =0 >5==>< A>25B5 26 G8A;0. "5?5@L O >B?5G0B0; 53> 8 @07>A;0; ?@5<8=8AB@C, :0=F;5@C 07=0G59AB20 8 0;LDC@C. @82>6C 4>:C<5=B =0 MB8E AB@0=8F0E >= 2K@0605B <>N ?>78F8N OA=55, G5< 2AO:0O 8=0O 1C<030 B>3> ?5@8>40.

 

&.

1. >AA8O. K =5 4>;6=K =045OBLAO, GB> >AA8O 2B>@3=5BAO 2 5@<0=8N. -B>, 2 ;CGH5< A;CG05, ?@>87>94QB ?> ?@>H5AB288 <=>38E <5AOF52. 0ABC?0B5;L=0O A8;0 >AA88 ?0@0;87>20=0; G5<, <>65< @0AAG8BK20BL =5 B>;L:> =0 CA?5H=CN >1>@>=C @CAA:8E, => 8 =0 B>, GB> >=8 C45@60B 8 7045@60B =0 A2>Q< D@>=B5 >3@><=K5 A8;K 35@<0=F52. 5B @57>=0 25@8BL 2 A?>A>1=>ABL 5@<0=88 ?5@51@>A8BL =0 70?04 1 000 000 A>;40B, @02=> :0: 8 2 B>, GB> 7=0G84=OH=53> 10;0=A0 =5<5F:85 A8;K >:06CBAO =0 70?045 4> A5@548=K 0?@5;O.

2. =3;>-D@0=FC7A:85 ;8=88 =0 70?04=>< D@>=B5 8A:;NG8B5;L=> ?@>G=K 8 CAB>9G82K. !53>4=OH=85 ?>78F88 8 A8;K A>N7=8:>2 2> $@0=F88 :C40 :0: A>;84=55 G5< 2 =0G0;5 2>9=K, :>340 <8 =5<5F:8E 2>9A: ?5@2>9 ;8=88. K <>65< B>;L:> ?@825BAB2>20BL <0AA8@>20==CN 2@065A:CN 0B0:C, 8 8<55< 2A5 H0=AK >B18BL 5Q, => 4065 5A;8 =5?@8OB5;L 8 >BB5A=8B =0A =0 4@C3CN ;8=8N, BO65;59H85 ?>B5@8 35@<0=F52 AB0=CB E>@>H59 :> ;>65=85 =0 70?045 =5 4>;6=> 2K7K20BL 15A?>:>9AB20. >, :0: 1K B> =8 1K;>, G5BK@5 8;8 ?OBL 1@8B0=A:8E 4828789 =5 <>3CB @5H8B5;L=> 87<5=8BL A8BC0F8N.

3. ;02=K9 ?C=:B, 548=AB25==>5 <5AB>, 345 <>65< 70E20B8BL 8 @0728BL 8=8F80B82C 0;:0=A:89 ?>;C>AB@>2. >4>10NI0O 2>5==>-<>@A:0O :>>?5@0F8O, 4>AB0B>G=K5 A8;K ?>72>;OB =0< A >?@545;Q==>ABLN 8 : :>=FC <0@B0 70E20B8BL >=AB0=B8=>?>;L, ?;5=8BL 8 C=8GB>68BL 2A5 BC@5F:85 2>9A:0 2 2@>?5 (70 8A:;NG5=85< B5E, :B> 2 4@80=>?>;5). K <>65< =0=5AB8 C40@ 4> >:>=G0B5;L=>3> ?045=8O !5@188, CAB@0=8< "C@F8N, :0: 2>5==K9 D0:B>@, 8, B5< A0< AC4L1C 0;:0=.

4. ;O =5<54;5==>3> 8A?>;L7>20=8O 4>ABC?=K:

                                                                                                                                    N48

=3;88 {29-O 482878O, ?@>G85 B5@@8B>@80;L=K5 4828788 }&&&&  36 000

0 5<=>A5: G0AB8 >@A:>9 4828788, 2 >6840=88 ?@8:070 &&&&& 12 000

38?B5, 2 02AB@0;89A:85 4828788&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&39 000

$@0=FC7A:0O 482878O (B0: 70O2;5=>)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&   20 000

CAA:0O 1@83040 (B0: 70O2;5=>)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&     8 000

B>3>: &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&   115 000

 

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

#.!.'.

25 D52@0;O 1915.

 

>102;5=85 >B 27 D52@0;O.

>;65= C:070BL, GB>, ?> <>5<=5=8N, >B?CI5==KE =0 >?5@0F8N A8;, :0:-B>: 425 2AB@0;89A:85 4828788 ?@8 ?>445@6:5 452OB8 <>@A:8E 10B0;L>=>2 8 D@0=FC7A:0O 482878O, =54>AB0B>G=> 4;O 3>B>2OI53>AO 45;0. !@548 =8E =5B 1@8B0=A:8E @53C;O@=KE 2>9A: 8, 5A;8 A;CG8BAO 1>9, <>@A:85 10B0;L>=K 8 02AB@0;89FK >:06CBAO 2 =5?><5@=> @8A:>20==>< ?>;>65=88.

@54?>;>68<, GB> D;>B D>@A8@C5B @>;82K 157 ACE>?CB=>9 ?>445@6:8, => 8 B>340 A;01>ABL 0@<88 <>65B 2K=C48BL =0A : >B:07C >B 1>;LH59 G0AB8 ?>B5=F80;L=KE 2K3>4.

 

/ =5 >AB028; C?>20=89 8 ?>A;5 26 D52@0;O: =045O;AO, GB> G5@57 45=L 8;8 420 =0AB@>5=85 8BG5=5@0 87<5=8BAO; GB> ?@5<8=8AB@ ?>25@=QB =0<5@5=8O <0@H0;0 2 4@C3CN AB>@>=C; GB> 29-9 4828788 ?>72>;OB >B?@028BLAO 2 ?CBL. >5==K9 A>25B ?>AB0=>28; 45@60BL B@0=A?>@BK =03>B>25 2?;>BL 4> >:>=G0B5;L=>3> @5H5=8O. >A;5 70A540=8O 26 D52@0;O O 70?@>A8; B45; ?5@52>7>: > AB5?5=8 3>B>2=>AB8 B@0=A?>@B>2 8 >6840; 4>:;040 > ?>;=>< 7025@H5=88 @01>B, => C7=0;, GB> @0A?>@O65=85 >B<5=8;8 5IQ 20 G8A;0 8 B5?5@L AC40 A>25@H5==> @0AA@54>B>G5=K. / 1K; ?>B@OAQ=, =5<54;5==> =0?@028; 8BG5=5@C ?8AL<5==K9 ?@>B5AB 8 BCB 65 >B40; ?@8:07 A>1@0BL 8 >A=0AB8BL =5>1E>48@BK 70=>2>, => MB0 @01>B0 B@51>20;0 2@5<5=8 8 =5 <>3;0 1KBL 7025@H5=0 4> 16 <0@B0.

"5< 2@5<5=5< D;>B =0G0; @50;L=K5 459AB28O 2 @09>=5 0@40=5;;. #A?5H=K9 >1AB@5; 2E>4=KE D>@B>2 - O @0AA:06C > =Q< 2 A;54CNI59 3;025 2 >G5@54=>9 @07 87<5=8; 273;O4K =0 2>?@>A. &8B8@CN >BGQB 0@40=5;;LA:>9 :><8AA88: «!;54CNI55 70A540=85 >5==>3> A>25B0 1K;> =07=0G5=> =0 3 <0@B0. MB><5=8 ;>@4 8BG5=5@ ?@>B828;AO >B?@02:5 29-9 4828788 A 70<5B=> <5=LH8< C?>@AB2><. = >B25B8; =0 2>?@>A <8AB5@0 '5@G8;;O, GB> >AB02;O5B 2>?@>A >B:@KBK< 4> 10 <0@B0, :>340 =0455BAO CA;KH0BL <=5=85 35=5@0;0 Q@42C40». > 35=5@0; ?@81K; : 0@40=5;;0< 4> 10 G8A;0 8 C65 5 <0@B0 B5;53@0D8@>20; 8BG5=5@C: «/ >G5=L A><=520NAL, GB> D;>B A<>65B D>@A8@>20BL @>;82K >4=8<8 A2>8<8 A8;0<8»&

A;54 70 ?5@2>9, ?>A;54>20;0 8 4@C30O B5;53@0<<0, >B 6 <0@B0: «/ CA?5; 2KA:070BL 20< A2>Q <=5=85 > ?@>3=>75 0@45=0 >= G5@5AGC@ >?B8<8AB8G5=. C45< =045OBLAO =0 E>@>H89 @57C;LB0B 12 <0@B0, => O, B5< =5 <5=55, A><=520NAL, GB> 04<8@0; A?>A>15= D>@A8@>20BL ?@>E>4 >4=8<8 B>;L:> A2>8<8 A8;0<8». 10 <0@B0 >1AB0=>2:0 =0 ?@>G8E B50B@0E 2>9=K 2 :0:>9-B> <5@5 CA?>:>8;0 8BG5=5@0; @0?>@BK Q@42C40 4>1028;8 <0@H0;C C25@5==>AB8 8 >= 70O28; =0 >5==>< A>25B5 GB> «?@>G=>ABL A53>4=OH=59 A8BC0F88 >?@024K205B ?5@51@>A:C 29-9 4828788».

«& 5H5=85 >B 16 D52@0;O 1K;> ?@8>AB0=>2;5=> 20-3> 8 2=>2L 2>H;> 2 A8;C 10 <0@B0. "5< A0B5@O;8 2@5@BK <>3;8 2K9B8 2 <>@5 22 D52@0;O, => =5 >B?@028;8AL 4> 16 <0@B0».

A:>@>< 2@5<5=8 =0< ?@54AB>O;> AB>;:=CBLAO A ?>A;54AB28O<8 ?@><54;5=8O. 5>4=>:@0B=K5 87<5=5=8O ?;0=0 A:070;8AL A0=>A=K< >1@07><. > 4065  >:>=G0B5;L=>5 @5H5=85 > ?5@51@>A:5 =0 2>AB>: ?>;=>F5==>3> M:A?548F8>==>3> :>@?CA0 0@<88 2<5AB5 A 29-9 48287859 >AB028;> 2>?@>A > ?@8<5=5=88 MB>9 0@<88 G5<-B> 2@>45 A5:@5B0 !D8=:A0. A;8 8BG5=5@ B2Q@4> @5H8; =0ABC?0BL =0 0;;8?>;89A:>< ?>;C>AB@>25 2 A;CG05 =5C40G=KE 459AB289 D;>B0, 5 1K >B:@KBL MB> :>;;530<; 5A;8 65 =5B, B> 3;02:><, ?> ;N1>>1@065=8N 4>;65= 1K; >AB028BL 70 A>1>9 2>7<>6=>ABL 0;LB5@=0B82=KE 459AB289, 8, A>>B25BAB2CNI8< >1@07><, ?5@5<5AB8BL 8 >@30=87>20BL 2>9A:0. @5645 2A53>, 5 CA048BL 35=5@0;L=K9 HB01 70 @07@01>B:C ?;0=>2 4;O @07=>>1@07=KE >1AB>OB5;LAB2 : B><5=8 OA=> ?@>A<0B@820;8AL 2A5 20@80=BK @0728B8O A>1KB89. 5OB5;L=>ABL 8BG5=5@0 70A;C68205B C?@Q:0: >= =5 ?@54?@8=O; =8:0:>3> 87CG5=8O ?@>1;5<5=B0<8 2>5==>9 =0C:8 8, 2 4>;6=K9 <><5=B, =5 2K1@0; 4;O >?5@0F88 :><0=48@0.

> <0B5@80;0< 0@40=5;;LA:>9 :><8AA88: «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  8AB5@ '5@G8;;L ?@840QB >3@><=>5 8, =0 =0H 273;O4, A>25@H5==> ?@02><5@=>5 7=0G5=85 ?@><54;5=8N A >B?@02:>9 29-9 8 B5@@8B>@80;L=>9 4828789 70 3@0=8FC».


;020 24. 045=85 2=5H=8E ?>@B>2 8 2B>@>5 ?@54;>65=85 @5F88.

 

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

B0:CNI89 D;>B >@30=87>20;8 2 B@8 482878>=0.

5@2K9 482878>=

B>@>9 482878>=

"@5B89 482878>=

=D;5:A81;

5=465=A

!NDD@5=

30<5<=>=

;L18>=

C25

C8= -;87015B

>@=C>;;8A

(0@;5<0=L

 

@@578AB51;

>;C0

 

"@09M

 

>@01;8 =5A;8 178 >@C489 :0;81@>< >B 5½ 4N9<>2; <>@A:0O 0@B8;;5@8O ?@52>AE>48;0 BC@5F:85 D>@BK G8A;><, :0;81@>< 8 40;L=>1>9=>ABLN 2> 2A5E :;0AA0E ?CH5:. 59AB28O D;>B0 4>A:>=0;L=> >?8A0=K 2 >D8F80;L=>9 <>@A:>9 8AB>@88, <0=Q2@K :064>3> :>@01;O 8 @57C;LB0BK GCBL ;8 =5 :064>3> 2KAB@5;0 0::C@0B=> 70=5A5=K =0 1C<03C. 5B A2B>@OBL 2AQ MB> 745AL.

@54?>;030;>AL ?@>25AB8 0B0:C 2 420 ?@8Q<0: A=0G0;0 40;L=OO 1><10@48@>2:0, 70B5<, ?>A;5 ?>402;5=8O D>@B>2, >3>=L ?@O<>9 =02>4:>9 8 B@0;5=85 <8==KE ?>;59 =0 2E>45 2 @>;82K. 5@2>=0G0;L=> D;>B 2Q; >1AB@5; =0 E>4C 8 @54:8<8 70;?0<8, => 2A:>@5 4>?>4;8==> 2KOA=8;>AL, GB> 42865=85 <5H05B B>G=>AB8 AB@5;L1K. 10.30 2A5 :>@01;8 2AB0;8 =0 O:>@O 70 ?@545;>< 4>AO305<>AB8 BC@5F:>9 0@B8;;5@88. >78F88 :>@01;59 ?>72>;O;8 2708<=> 8 A @07=KE C3;>2 :>@@5:B8@>20BL >3>=L. 42C< G0A0< 4=O 1K;> @5H5=>, GB> @57C;LB0B @54:>3> >1AB@5;0 A 40;L=59 48AB0=F88 ?>72>;O5B ?5@59B8 : 1;86=59 0B0:5; :>@01;8 ?>4>H;8 : 15@53C 8 2AB0;8 70 6 000 O@4>2 >B F5;59.

> MB>3> 2@5<5=8 =8 >48= 87 D>@B>2 =5 >B25B8; D;>BC. > 0@B8;;5@8O 42CE <0;KE C:@5?;5=89 CF5;5;0 ?@8 >1AB@5;5 A 40;L=59 48AB0=F88 8, 2 4:45, >B:@K;0 >3>=L ?> ?>4>H54H8< =0 5 000 O@4>2 «!NDD@5=C», «5=465=AC» 8 «>@=C>;;8AC». «5=465=A» 8 «>@=C>;;8A» ?@8 ?>445@6:5 «30<5<=>=0», «=D;5:A81;0» 8 «>;C0» >B25B8;8 =5?@8OB5;N 8 =0 :0:>5-B> 2@548= 87 D>@B>2 C<>;:=CBL. 8F5-04<8@0; >15:, 70<5AB8B5;L :><0=4CNI53> A D;03>< =0 «5=465=A5» A>18@0;AO ?@>4>;68BL 1;86=89 1>9, => 2@5AL : ?>;>28=5 ?OB>3>, A?CA:0;8AL AC<5@:8, 8 :><0=4CNI89 D;>B>< ?@>A83=0;8; «1I89 >B7K2». "5< 8 70:>=G8;8AL 459AB28O ?5@2>3> 4=O. $;>B 2K?CAB8; ;8HL 139 12-4N9<>2KE A=0@O4>2. 5@5H8B5;L=K9 >1AB@5; ?>:070;, GB>, 2>-?5@2KE, 4;O B>G=>9 AB@5;L1K =5>1E>48<> 2AB0BL =0 O:>@L; 2>-2B>@KE, >3>=L ?@O<>9 =02>4:>9 MDD5:B82=55 >3=O A 70:@KB>9 ?>78F88; 2-B@5BL8E, =54>AB0B>G=> ?>@078BL D>@B A=0@O40<8 <>@A:>9 0@B8;;5@88 =5>1E>48<> @0718BL A0<8 >@C48O 8;8 AB0=:8. >A;54=55 >A>15==> 206=>.

A;54CNI53>40 8A?>@B8;0AL, 8 >?5@0F8O >BA@>G8;0AL =0 ?OBL 4=59. 25 D52@0;O D;>B ?@>4>;68; >1AB@5;, ?01@5BQ==K9 >?KB. «30<5<=>=» 18; ?> D>@BC %5;;5A, «C8= -;87015B» ?> !544-M;L-0@C 8 ?>765 ?> D>@BC %5;;5A, «@@578AB51;» 1><10@48@>20; @:0=85, «>;C0» - C<-0;5. 0: MB8, B0: 8 ?@>G85 :>@01;8 2708<=> =01;N40;8 8 :>@@5:B8@>20;8 >3>=L 4@C3-4@C30. $>@BK 157CA?5H=> >BAB@5;820;8AL. ><10@48@>2:0 40;0 7=0G8?@>2>48;8 1><10@48@>2:C E>@>H8< =01;N45=85< 8 4>18;8AL 7=0G8B5;L=>9 B>G=>AB8 >3=O A <>@O. >A5<=04F0BL 2KAB@5;>2 A «C8= -;87015B» =0:@K;8 D>@B %5;;5A 8 2K25;8 87 AB@>O >10 A>2@5<5==KE >@C48O. «@@578AB51;» ?>B@0B8; B@84F0BL ?OBL A=0@O4>2 =0 10B0@5N @:0=85, @0718; A=0G0;0 >4=>, 70B5< 8 4@C3>5 =>2>5 >@C485. B0:, O 8;8 A>2A5< C=8GB>68;8 2A5 40;L=>1>9=K5 >@C48O =0 2E>45 2 @>;82K: G5BK@5 ?CH:8, >4=C 70 >4=>9, ?@8 >G5=L A:@><=>< @0AE>45 1>570?0A0. ?>;45=L D;>B ?>4>HQ; =0 1;87:>5 @0AAB>O=85 8 =0G0; A8;L=59H89 >1AB@5; 15@53>2KE C:@5?;5=89. A5 10B0@58 C<>;:;8. 5?@8OB5;L AGQ;, GB> D>@BK AB0@>9 ?>AB@>9:8 A >@C48O<8 <0;>9 40;L=>1>9=>AB8 7=0G0B =5 1>;55 G5< <8H5=8 4;O <>@A:>9 0@B8;;5@88, 8 2K2Q; 87 =8E 30@=87>=K. >A;5 2>9=K BC@:8 >1JO28;8, GB> D;>B C=8GB>68; 2A5 10B0@58 8 @0AE>4=K9 70?0A A=0@O4>2, => =8 >48= 87 0@B8;;5@89A:8E ?>3@51>2 =5 ?>AB@040;. 3>=L A 1;86=59 48AB0=F88 ?>;=>ABLN @07@CH8; D>@BK, 8 8E ?@8H;>AL M20:C8@>20BL. !B>@>=K ?>=5A;8 <0;K5 ?>B5@8. «30<5<=>=» ?>?0;> H5ABL 8;8 A52, => D;>B =5 ?>B5@?5; ?>GB8 =8:0:>3> C@>=0 B@>5 ?>381H8E, A5

57C;LB0BK 70<5G0B5;L=>3> 4=O ?>;CG8;8 >A>1>5 7=0G5=85. @8B0=A:85 :>@01;8 ?>B@0B8;8 ;8HL B@84F0BL >48= 15-4N9<>2K9 A=0@O4 8 2>A548= 12-4N9<>2K9; D@0=FC7K ?OBL45AOB A=0@O4>2 A@02=8<8 12-4N9<>2K<8. ><10@48@>2:0 4>?>4;8==> ?>:070;0, =0 GB> A?>A>1=K :>@01;8, AB>OI85 =0 O:>@5 2 12 000 O@40E >B F5;8. %>@>H55 =01;N45=85 A 25@=> 2K1@0==KE C3;>2 ?>72>;8;> C=8GB>68BL BC@5F:85 >@C48O 157 @0AB>G8B5;L=>3> @0AE>40 1>570?0A0. "5?5@L <>3;8 G8AB8BL >B <8= ?>4E>4K 8 2E>4 2 0@40=5;;K. $;>B 70=8<0;AO B@0;5=85< 25G5@>< 25 8 25G5@>< 26 D52@0;O. "@8 ;8=59=KE :>@01;O 2>H;8 2 @>;82K 8 >:>=G0B5;L=> @07@CH8;8 2=5H=85 D>@BK >3=Q< 87=CB@8. 0B5< ?>A;54>20;> ?@>4>;65=85 :C40 :0: 1>;55 70<5G0B5;L=>5 8 B0: <0;8 2 B5 4=8 25AL<0 >1=04Q6820NI55. >4 ?@8:@KB85< 0@B8;;5@88 D;>B0, =0 15@53 A>H;8 45A0=B=K5 ?0@B88. 26 D52@0;O 8 2 A;54CNI85 4=8 >B@O4K 87 50-100 <>@O:>2 8 <>@A:8E ?5E>B8=F52 @07=5A;8 =0 :CA:8 2A5 ?CH:8 !544-M;L-0@0 8 42CE D>@B>2 =0 0780BA:>< 15@53C 70@O40<8 >@C489=>3> ?>@>E0. "C@:8 =5 >:070;8 A5@LQ7=>3> ?@>B82>459AB28O. >4@K2=K5 ?0@B88 C=8GB>68;8 8;8 =0H;8 C=8GB>65==K<8 A>@>: 2>A5@C489 8 ?>B5@O;8 ;8HL 452OBL G5;>25: @0=5=K<8 8 C18BK<8.[23]

> 2 <0@B0 68;8 2AN 2=5H=NN >1>@>=C 0@40=5;;, 2A5 452OB=04F0BL >A=>2=KE >@C489, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 G5BK@5 A>2@5<5==KE ?@8<5@=> >4=C ?OBCN 0@B8;;5@88 @>;82>2, :0: ?> G8A;C, B0: 8 ?> 1>52K< :0G5AB20<. "5?5@L D;>B <>3 B@0;8BL ?@>E>4K 8 84B8 25@E ?> 0@40=5;;0< H5ABL <8;L, 4> <8==>3> ?>;O C ;=8;8 2A5 7040G8 ?5@2>9 D07K 0@40=5;;LA:>9 >?5@0F88.

4<8@0;B59AB2> B>@65AB2>20;>; O =0E>48; 2>:@C3 A51O C;K10NI85AO ;8F0. 8BG5=5@ A:070; <=5, GB>, AC4O ?> 4>:;040< @01>B0NI8E A 4<8@0;B59AB2>< >D8F5@>2, 2 2>5==>-<>@A:>< 254>A?>4AB2C5B 4CE A>25@H5==>9 C25@5==>AB8 2 CA?5E5. A;8 1K G;5=K 0@40=5;;LA:>9 :><8AA88 A?@>A8;8 M:A?5@B>2 - 2>7<>6=0 ;8 0B0:0 D>@B>2 :>@01;O<8? - 2 <0@B5 1915 3>40, 0 =5 25A=>9 1917-3>, B> 2KA;CH0;8 1K B2Q@4>5 8 ?>;>68B5;L=> 548=>5 <=5=85 <>@A:8E A?5F80;8AB>2. ><8AA8>=5@K C4828;8AL 1K G8A;C 1;03>2>;OI8E 8 =0 A;>20E ?@8G0AB=KE : >?5@0F88 ?5@A>=. , 5A;8 2>>1@078BL 2AQ MB>, @01>B0 0@40=5;LA:>9 :><8AA88 A25;0AL 1K : 7040G5 4@C3>9 :><8AA88 >@>;52A:>9; ?>A;54=OO @0AA;54>20;0 2>?@>A - :B> ?>;>68; =0G0;> B0=:>2>

/ ?>@CG8; 5=@8 65:A>=C >17>@ 8 @071>@ 4>=5A5=89 >B 0@40=5;; =0 :064>< 87 5654=52=KE >?5@0B82=KE A>25I0=89 2 4<8@0;B59AB25. > A53> 2@5<5=8, 53> AC645=8O 25AL<0 >1=04Q6820;8. :>=F5 D52@0;O O =0?@028; 0@45=C B5;53@0D=K9 70?@>A A:>;L:> ?>3>68E 4=59, ?> 53> <=5=8N, =5>1E>48<> 4;O ?@>@K20. 4<8@0; >B25B8; 2 <0@B0: «'5BK@=04F0BL». 070;>AL, GB> D;>B =0HQ; 459AB25==K9 A?>A>1 ?><>GL 0@<88 =0 =>2>< 8 >G5=L ?5@A?5:B82=>< =0?@02;5=88.

<5AB5 A B5< AB>8B C?> 26 D52@0;O O >1JO28; =0 >5==>< A>25B5: «4<8@0;B59AB2> =5 30@0=B8@C5B CA?5E0 >?5@0F88; 3;02=K5 B@C4=>AB8 ?>46840NB =0A 2 #7>ABOE. !53>4=O 4028;8 >4=8 B>;L:> 2=5H=85 D>@BK 8 MB> ;8HL E>@>H55 ?@5425AB85 CA?5E0». >;55 B>3>: O <=>3>:@0B=> >B<5B8;, GB> >4=0 ;8HL <>@A:0O >?5@0F8O =5 >B:@>5B @>;82K 4;O =570I8IQ==KE B>@3>2KE AC4>2.

"5?5@L :>@01;8 <>3;8 84B8 2?5@Q4 8 0B0:>20BL 2=CB@5==NN 8 ?@><56CB>G=CN ;8=88 >1>@>=K: 45AOBL D>@B>2 8 10B0@59 @07=>3> @07<5@0 8 7=0G8<>AB8 =0 0780BA:>< 8 52@>?59A:>< 15@530E 0@40=5;;; =5A:>;L:> ?>;>A <8==KE 703@0645=89 ?>?5@Q: ?@>;82>2; <>18;L=CN 70I8BC D>@B>2 8 <8==KE ?>;59 30C18FK 8 ?>;52K5 10B0@58. @8B0=A:>BC ?@54AB>O;> @5H8BL MBC 7040GC.

>A;5 24 D52@0;O O ?>=8<0; B>;L:> >4=>: 8BG5=5@, 2 >?@545;Q==KE >1AB>OB5;LAB20E, 8A?>;L7C5B 0@<8N =5 B>;L:> 2A;54 70 ?>154>9 D;>B0 8 =5 548=AB25==> 4;O @0728B8O <>@A:>3> ?@>@K20, =>, ?@8 =5>1E>48<>AB8, 2 :C40 :0: 1>;LH5< <0AHB015. @>G55  - GB> >= ?@54?@8<5B, :0: 8 :>340 - >AB020;>AL ?>4 ?>:@>2><. > <5@5 >6840=8O <>I=>9 2>5==>9 0:F88 @>A;8 8 <>8 B@52>38. / 7=0; 8AB8==>5 A>AB>O=85 <8=8AB5@AB20 >1>@>=K: HB01=K5 @01>B=8:8 =5 ?@54?@8=O;8 =8:0:8E ?@83>B>2;5=89. >7<>6=K5 20@80=BK @0728B8O A>1KB89 =5 ?>;CG8;8 ?>4@>1=>9 ?@>@01>B:8. @O4CI0O >?5@0F8O <>3;0 ?>9B8 @07=>>1@07=K<8 ?CBO<8, => F8D@K, A@>:8, 70?0AK 8 =5>1E>48<0O 4;O B5E 8;8 8=KE >1AB>OB5;LAB2 >@30=870F8O =5 70=8<0;8 548=AB25==> >B25BAB25==K9 C< 2>5==>3> <8=8AB@0; 8 >AB020;8AL 25AL<0 ?@81;878B5;L=K. 8BG5=5@ ?>445@6820; ?>AB>O==CN A2O7L A 35=5@0;>< Q@42C4>< 2 0@40=5;;0E, => ?>;=>ABLN >BAB@0=8; >B 45;0 35=HB01 8 35=5@0; :20@B8@<59AB5@0; >B25BAB25==K5 @01>B=8:8 =5 CA;KH0;8 8 =05, => =587156=>5 2 =5:>B>@KE >1AB>OB5;LAB20E @5H5=85, >?@545;Q==> 7@5NI55 2 3>;>25 D5;L4<0@H0;0. / 2AQ 1>;55 B@52>68;AO 8, 2 ?5@2CN =545;N <0@B0, O2AB25==> >ICB8; ?@81;865=85 2>5==>9 :0B0AB@>DK. =5 2>2A5 =5 E>B5;>AL >B25G0BL 70 >3@><=>5, =5 A@02=8<>5 =8 A >4=8< 87 04<8@0;B59A:8E 45; ?@54?@8OB85 157> 2AO:>9 2>7<>6=>AB8 C?@02;OBL E>4>< A>1KB89. ?5@2KE G8A;0E <0@B0 O ?>?@>A8; A:28B0 >@30=87>20BL 2AB@5GC B@QE G;5=>2 018=5B0 >=, O 8 8BG5=5@. K A>1@0;8AL; O 7040; D5;L4<0@H0;C >D8F80;L=K9 8 OA=K9 2>?@>A: 15@QB ;8 >= =0 A51O >B25BAB25==>ABL 70 ;N1CN 2>5==CN >?5@0F8N, 1C45 ?>=04>18BAO 8, 2 G0AB=>AB8, - 2>7L15A?5G8BL =5>1E>485==CN A8;C? 8BG5=5@ >B25B8; =5<54;5==K< 8 =542CA< A>3;0A85<. 12 <0@B0 4<8@0;B59AB2> ?5@540;> ?>4 53> =0G0;> >@A:CN 482878N.

10 <0@B0 29-O 482878O ?>;CG8;0 ?@8:07 ?5@548A;>F8@>20BLAO =0 5<=>A. 16 <0@B0 2 <>@5 2KH;8 ?5@2K5 B@0=A?>@BK. A>60;5=8N, 2>5==>5 254> 3@C78;> 2>9A:0 =0 AC40 157 2AO:>9 >3;O4:8 =0 >@30=870F8N 1>52KE 459AB289 ?>A;5 2KA04:8.

#A?5H=>5 @07@CH5=85 2=5H=8E 40@40=5;;LA:8E D>@B>2 8 ?5@2K9 2E>4 :>@01;59 2 @>;82K 682> 8 7=0G8<> >B:;8:=C;8AL 2 2@>?5 8 ?> 2A5<8@C. « :>=F5 D52@0;O ?8H5B 35=5@0; 8<0= D>= !0=45@A, 2?>A;54AB288 3;020 35@<0=A:>9 2>5==>9 <8AA88 2 "C@F88 2 ?@54425@88 CA?5H=>3> ?@>@K20 2@065A:>3> D;>B0 25@E>2=>5 BC@5F:>5 :><0=4>20=85 ?@83>B>28;>AL M20:C8@>20BL AC;B0=0, 42>@ 8 :07=C 2> 2=CB@5==85 @09>=K 788».[24] 0 4@C3>< :>=F5 A25B0, 2 '8:03>, @CE=C;8 18@652K5 F5=K =0 75@=>.

>AA8O ?>B@51>20;0 >B =0A ?C1;8G=>9 45:;0@0F88 > 1C4CI5< >=AB0=B8=>?>;O. =0G0;5 2>9=K 5B5@1C@3 459AB2>20; >G5=L :>@@5:B=>. CAA:85, A>2<5AB=> A =3;859 8 $@0=F859 30@0=B8@>20;8 "C@F88 B5@@8B>@80;L=CN F5;>AB=>ABL BB><0=A:>9 8 "C@F8O >B25@3;0 G5AB=>5 ?@54;>65=85, ?@8=O;0 ?@>B82=CN AB>@>=C 8 =0<5@5=8O >AA88 87<5=8;8AL. 9 =>O1@O 1914 3>40 ?>A>; $@0=F88 2 5B@>3@045 >@8A 0;5>;>3 ?8A0;: «"C@5F:0O 03@5AA8O >B>720;0AL 2 3;C18=0E @CAA:>9 4CH8. & 4@C3 2>A:@5A;0 CB>?8O ?0=A;0287<0».[25] 14 =>O1@O 1914 3>40, AM@ -420@4 @59 C?>;=><>G8; 6>@460 LN:5=5=0 A45;0BL A;54CNI55 70O2;5=85 !07>=>2C: ?@028B5;LAB2> @8B0=88 ?@87=0QB, GB> «2>?@>A > @>;820E 8 >=AB0=B8=>?>;5 4>;65= 1KBL @5HQ= 2 A>>B25BAB288 A ?>65;0=8O<8 >AA88». ;020 $>@8= D8A0 ?>ABC?8;AO 2B>@>AB5?5==K<8 =0 B>B <><5=B A>>1@065=8O<8 8 ?>>I@8; >AA8N A@548 ?>@065=89 8 =5AG0AB89. B> 2@53>2>@Q==>ABL >AB0;0AL 2 A>25@H5==>9 B09=5. > =0ABC?8;0 25A=0 1915 3>40. 070;>AL, GB> 2 A:>@>< 2@5<5=8 >=AB0=B8=>?>;L >:065BAO 2 @C:0E A>N7=8:>2 8 @CAA:85 ?>B@51>20;8 ?C1;8G=KE 7025@5=89. >4>1=0O 45:;0@0F8O <>3;0 =51;03>?@8OB=> >B:;8:=CBLAO 2 @5F88, >;30@88 8 C9 AB>@>=K, :0: <>3;8 ?>72>;8BL A515 AA>@C A >AA859, ?CABL 4065 8 C=K20NI59, H0B0NI59AO ?>4 35@<0=A:>9 :0=>=04>9, =>, =5A><=5==>, A@060NI59AO AB@0=>9 8 687=5==> =5>1E>48<>9 4;O =0H59 ?>154K A8;>9? =0G0;5 <0@B0, ?@5<8=8AB@ ?@83;0A8; ;845@>2 :>=A5@20B82=>9 ?0@B88 - ;>@40 0=A40C=0 8 <8AB5@0 >=0@0 >C - ?@89B8 =0 !>25B 8 >1AC48BL 2<5AB5 A =0<8 206=59H55 @5H5=85. / 2AOG5A:8 ?@825BAB2>20; 8 A?>A>1AB2>20; =0G8=0=8N A:28B0. 0F8>=0;L=0O :>0;8F8O 1K;0 <>59 402=59 <5GB>9. / A 3@CABLN =01;N40; 70 <>3CG59 :>=A5@20B82=>9 ?0@B859 GCBL ;8 =5 2A5<>3CI59 =0 D>=5 H0B0=89 ;815@0;>2 ?>4 ?5@2K<8 C40@0<8 2>9=K; >3@><=0O, 4>?>4;8==> >A254><;Q==0O > 3>AC40@AB25==KE 45;0E ?>;8B8G5A:0O A8;0 3@CAB=> B>;?8;0AL C 3@0=8F 2;0AB=>3> :@C30 157 2AO:>9 @>;8 2 BO65;59H59, :064>4=52=>9 @01>B5.

K =C640;8AL 2 8E ?><>I8. <>I8. 0< =C65= 1K; :064K9 B0;0=B;82K9, 02B>@8B5B=K9 8 45OB5;L=K9 G5;>25:. / G0AB> 3>2>@8; 2 ?>4>1=>< 4CE5 A A:28B>< 2 ?5@2K5 <5AOFK 2>9=K; B5?5@L, :>340 A>1KB8O =0 2>AB>:5 >1>@0G820;8AL : =0H59 ?>;L75, ?@>18; G0A >1J548=5=8O CA8;89, ?@8H;> 2@51@07>20BL A>N7 42CE 25;8:8E ?0@B89 =0 2708<>?>GQB=KE CA;>28OE. @5<8=8AB@ =5 1K; 3;CE : MB> :0: 8 >A>7=020; C3@>7C ?>;8B8G5A:>9 =5AB018;L=>AB8 2 A;CG05 25AL<0 25@>OB=>< >1I53> CEC4H5=8O 2>5==KE 45;. / =045O;AO, GB> ?5@2>5 70A540=85 2<5AB5 A >D8F80;L=K<8 ;845@0<8 >??>78F88 <8AB5@ 0;LDC@ 8 157 B>3> CG0AB2>20; 2 !>25B5 ?>;CG8B A:>@>5 ?@>4>;65=85, 8 1J548=5=8N 8 548=5=8N. > >10 ;845@0 :>=A5@20B>@>2 2K:070;8 A51O A>25@H5==> =542CA 8 40;8 ?>=OBL, GB> ?@8H;8 =0 !>25B =5 :0: ?@54AB028B5;8 D@0:F88, => B>;L:> 4;O >1AC645=8O >1I53>AC40@AB25==>3> 2>?@>A0 8 2 A2O78 A 548=8G=K< 8=F845=B><. AB5AB25==>5 ?>2545=85, => @57C;LB0B >:070;AO =5AG0AB;82. !>25B ?@>HQ; A:25@=>, E>BO 8 ?@8HQ; : 548=><0N, GB> 8B>38 70A540=8O 8 A>AB>O=85 =0H59 4><0H=59 ?>;8B8:8 25AL<0 C4@CG8;8 ?@5<8=8AB@0.

=0G0;5 <0@B0 5;8:>1@8B0=8O 8 $@0=F8O C254><8;8 5B@>3@04, GB> >B=K=5 G8A;OB 0==5:A8N >AA859 >=AB0=B8=>?>;O A@548 CA;>289 ?>154=>3> <8@0. 12 <0@B0 AB>@>=K ?@540;8 3;0A=>AB8 MB>B 7=0<5=0B5;L=K9 D0:B.

>@A:0O >?5@0F8O 30;L20=878@>20;0 0;:0=K. >78F8O >;30@88 87<5=8;0AL 2> <3=>25=85 >:0. !C4O ?> 4>:;040< @07254K20B5;L=>9 A;C61K >B ?5@2>9 ?>;>28=K <0@B0, BC@:8, ABO3820;8 2>9A:0 : 4@80=>?>;N 8 3>B>28;8 D@>=B ?@>B82 >;30@88. !5<=04F0B>3> <0@B0 35=5@0; 0465B, 3;020 A?5F80;L=>9 <8AA88 2 !>D88 B5;53@0D8@>20; 8BG5=5@C, GB> ?>A5B8; :>@>;O 8 C25@5= 2: «...=52>7<>6=>AB8 B5?5@L 4;O 1>;30@ 0B0:>20BL ;N1>3> 87 A>N7=8:>2 =B0=BK =0 0;:0=0E. 0@40=5;;LA:0O >?5@0F8O ?>@078;0 CB>@K5 >A=>20=8O >6840BL, GB> 2A:>@5 1>;30@A:0O 0@<8O 2KABC?8B ?@>B82 BC@>: 8 ?>A>459AB2C5B =0< 2 40@40=5;;LA:>< ?@54?@8OB88». C8AE>4OI8< A ?@8AB0;L=K< 8 4@C65;N1=K< 2=8<0=85<. CAA:85, AC4O ?> ?@56=8< 70O2;5=8O<, =5 8<5;8 4;O 0;:0= =8G53> :@><5 1 000 :070:>2; B5?5@L 65, 2 >6840=88 =587156=>3> ?045=8O >=AB0=B8=>?>;O, ?>A?5H8;8 A ?@54;>65=85< A0<>3> B5A=>3> A>B@C4=8G5AB20 =0 <>@5 8 =0G0;8 ABO3820BL : 0BC<59A:89 :>@?CA 35=5@0;0 AB><8=0.

B>@>3> <0@B0 ?>A>; 2 CE0@5AB5 ?5@540; 2 >=4>= A;>20 ?@5<8=8AB@0 C;55 C15640NBAO 2 «A:>@>< 42865=88» B0;88. «>9 @CAA:89 :>;;530 42064K 2845;AO A ?>A;>< B0;88 8 CA;KH0;, GB> & >=0 & 2AB0=5B =0 =0HC AB>@>=C; ?>A;0==8: 8<0 G0AB> 3>2>@8; >1 MB>< 8 @0=LH5, => 8<5==> =0 42CE ?>A;54=8E 2AB@5G0E 2KA:07K20;AO 25AL<0 >?@545;Q==> 8 GCBL ;8 =5 =0AB>9G82>. = 3>2>@8; > ?@8>1@5B5=8OE =0 15@530E 4@80B8:8 8 2>7<>6=>9 4>;5 87 B5@@8B>@89 "C@F88. &'5@57 <5AOF B0;8O ?>43>B>28B : 45;C 0@<8N 2 1 800 000 A>;40B». =0< ?>ABC?0;8 8 8=K5 A2845B5;LAB20. 5 <0@B0 O =0?@028; 70?8A:C -420@4C @5N: «>78F8O 8<0 >G5=L 206=0. A;8 <>65< ?@82;5GL B0;8N =0 =0HC AB>@>=C, B> A>25@H5==> =59B@0;87C5< D;>B 2AB@88 8 ?@52@0B8< !@54875<=>5 <>@5 2 157>?0A=>5 0=3;89A:>5 >75@>. #25@5=, =0< AB>8B =5A:>;L:> ?>B@C48BLAO 8 A428=CBL B0;8N A <5AB0. CABL 8< 2K945B 87 A>N70 A 5@<0=859, B>340 4> >1JO2;5=8O 2>9=K >AB0=5BAO ;8HL >48= H03». 8=8AB@ 8=>AB@0==KE 45; >B25B8;: «5 C?CIC 8 548=>9 2>7<>6=>AB8».

> =081>;LH55 7=0G5=85 2>7K<5;0 @50:F8O @5F88. '8B0B5;L 7=05B, GB> 11 D52@0;O 5=875;>A >B:070;AO 2ABC?8BL 2 2>9=C F5=>N 1@8B0=A:>9 8 D@0=FC7A:>9 4828789. = ?8B0; : =0< 4@C65A:85 GC2AB20, 8A:@5==5 65;0; ?@8A>548=8BLAO : A>N7=8:0<, => ?@54;>65=85 1K;> <875@=K<. B0:0 0@40=5;; ?@825;0 : =5<54;5==K< ?5@5<5=0<. 5@2>3> <0@B0 ?>A>; @8B0=88 2 D8=0E B5;53@0D8@>20;, GB> 5=875;>A 3>B>2 ?>A;0BL 3@5G5A:89 0@<59A:89 :>@?CA 87 B@QE 4828789 =0 0;;8?>;8. -420@4 @59 =5<54;5==> 40; >B25B: ?@028B5;LAB2> 3> 5;8G5AB20 A 1;03>40@=>ABLN ?@8=8<05B ?><>IL, 8 4>1028;, GB> 4<8@0;B59AB2> >G5=L =0455BAO C2845BL C 0@40=5;; =5 B>;L:> A>;40B, => 8 :>@01;8 @5F88. B>@>3> <0@B0 ?>A>; @8B0=88 B5;53@0D8@>20;: «>A?>48= 5=875;>A =0455BAO 40BL >?@545;Q==K9 >B25B 702B@0. & = C65 1K; C :>@>;O, :>B>@K9 - ?> A;>20< ?>A;0 A0< A:;>=5= 2>520BL, :0: O C7=0; 87 4@C3>3> 8AB>G=8:0».

"@5BL53> <0@B0 2>5==K9 0BB0H5 @8B0=88 2 D8=0E A>>1I8;: «5=HB01 @5F88 ?@8HQ; : 548=><=5=8N <>@A:0O 0B0:0 4>;6=0 A>?@>2>640BLAO =075<=>9 >?5@0F859. > 8E ?;0=C, G5BK@5 4828788 2KA06820NBAO =0 N6=>9 >:>=5G=>AB8 ?>;C>AB@>20 8 459AB2CNB ?@>B82 2KA>B : 2>AB>:C >B 094>A0. @5G5A:8< 2>9A:0< ?@84QBAO ?@5>4>;5BL B@8 ?>A;54>20B5;L=K5 >1>@>=8B5;L=K5 ?>78F88, => BC@:0< =5 E20B8B ?@>AB@0=AB20 4;O @072Q@BK20=8O :@C?=KE A8;. 4=>2@5<5==0O 8 =57028A8<0O 0B0:0 ;8=89 C;08@0 45A0=B>< 4>AB0B>G=>9 G8A;5==>AB8 ;81> 2KA04:0 2 >4=>< 87 42CE <5AB - A525@=55 1C;08@A:8E C:@5?;5=89 8;8 2 70;825 A5@>A 2K=C4OB BC@>: >AB028BL ?>78F88 094>A0 ?>4 C3@>7>9 >:@C65=8O.

MB><5=8, ?><8<> >@A:>9 8 D@0=FC7A:>9 4828789, 2AB@0;89A:>3> 0@<59A:>3> :>@?CA0 8 ?@>G8E 2>9A: 87 38?B0, 3> 0@<59A:>3> :>@?CA0; 1>;55 B>3> 2 0BC<5 A>18@0;AO @CAA:89 0@<59A:89 :>@?CA - 8 157> 2AO:8E A;>6=>AB59 <>3;8 4>AB028BL 87 =3;88 425 B5@@8B>@80;L=K5 4828788 24>102>: : 29-9. >6=> A C25@5==>ABLN ?@54?>;>68BL, GB> 5A;8 1K 2A5 ?5@5G8A;5==K5 A8;K 8A?>;L7>20;8AL ?> 548=>;8 8 >=AB0=B8=>?>;L 1K;8 1K 70E20G5=K 5IQ 4> :>=F0 0?@5;O. ><8<> ?@>G53> >;30@8O 8 C<>3;8 >AB0BLAO 157CG0AB=K : ?045=8N >=AB0=B8=>?>;O 8 :@0EC BC@5F:>9 8 48= H03, 2A53> >4=> CA8;85 8 >=AB0=B8=>?>;L 2 =0H8E @C:0E, 0 2A5 AB@0=K 0;:0= 15A?>2>@>B=> 2@06451=K : &5=B@0;L=K< 45@6020<. CABL G8B0B5;L 7045@68BAO =0 MB>< <5AB5 8, ?><=O > B@035488 ?>A;54>202H8E 4=59, 2>>1@078B 87C<8B5;L=CN A8BC0F8N @57C;LB0B 1KAB@>3>, ;Q3:>3> 8 B>G=>3> C40@0 2 =5@2=K9 F5=B@ <8@0 >B=>A8B5;L=> <0;K<8 <>@A:8<8 A8;0<8.

> BCB ?@8H;0 C60A=0O 1540. >AA8O, >BE>4OI0O ?>4 C40@0<8 35@<0=A:>3> <>;>B0; AB@0=0 A 8AB>IQ==K<8 2>5==K<8 70?0A0<8; 45@6020, A?>;70NI0O : :@0EC 8 >B@570==0O >B A>N7=8:>2, 157=04Q6=> @07@CH8;0 87C<8B5;L=CN 8 459AB25==CN :><18=0F8N. "@5BL53> <0@B0 @>AA89A:89 <8=8AB@ 8=>AB@0==KE 45; C254><8; =0H53> ?>A;0, GB> ?@028B5;LAB2> >AA88 =5A>3;0A=> A CG0AB85< @5F88 2 0@40=5;;LA:>9 >?5@0F88 8 C25@5=> 2 >A;>6=5=8OE ?@8 ?>4>1=>< @0728B88 A>1KB89&

« @ 4>1028; !07>=>2 ?@8=O; <5=O 2G5@0 8 >1JO28;, GB> =8 ?@8 :0:8E >1AB>OB5;LAB20E =5 A>3;0A8BAO A>B@C4=8G0BL A 3@5:0<8 2 @09>=5 0@40=5;;». >:>2K5 A;>20. >G5;H51=0O @C:0 =5 =0?8A0;0 =0 AB5=5 =8 548=>9 1C:2K, ?>G52 =5 AB>;?8;8AL 2>:@C3 =5AG0AB=>3> 8 @0, =5 C25;8 53> A 4>@>38 ?> >1;><:0< 48=0AB88, G5@57 @C8=K AB@0=K 2 :@>202K9 5:0B5@8=1C@3A:89 ?>420;?

CAA:89 ?>A>; 2 D8=0E, A;54CO ?@028B5;LAB25==> ?@5?OBAB2>20; 8 A>?@>B82;O;AO 3@5G5A:><5H0B5;LAB2C. "0:, :>@>;L @5F88 ?>;CG8; C25@5=8O, GB> 53> 0@<8O =8 2 :>5< A;CG05 =5 1C45B ?CI5=0 2 >=AB0=B8=>?>;L. CAA:85 A>3;0A8;8AL =0 >4=C 3@5G5A:CN 482878N, «2 ?>4>1=KE >1AB>OB5;LAB20E :>@>;L =5 A<>65B ;8G=> 2K5E0BL =0 ?>;5 1>O». !B>8B ;8 C482;OBLAO B> >=AB0=B8=, ?@8=F =5<5F:8E :>@=59, G5;>25: A ?@>35@<0=A:8<8 A8 BABC?8; 8 25@=C;AO : ?@56=59, A:@KB>9 2@06451=>AB8 ?5@54 >18;L=K<8 >15I0=8O<8 >4=>9 87 AB>@>= 8 O@>AB=K< >B?>@>< A 4@C3>9?

4 <0@B0 <8=8AB5@AB2> 8=>AB@0==KE 45; $@0=F88 ?@54;>68;>:

 

CAA:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> =8 70 :0:CN F5=C =5 A>3;0A8BAO A ?>E>4>< 3@5G5A:>9 0@<88 =0 >=AB0=B8=>?>;L. & >B@51C9B5 >B 3@5G5A:>3> ?@028B5;LAB20 ?>;=>F5==>9 2>5==>9 :>>?5@0F88 8 >1JO28B5, GB> 8E A>B@C4=8G5AB2> 2 0@40=5;;LA:>9 M:A?548F88 4>;6=> 2K@078BLAO 2 0:B82=>9 ?><>I8 !5@188.

 

0H 0D8=A:89 ?>A>;, 148B5;L=K9 8 8=D>@<8@>20==K9 -;8>B =5 >AB028; A><=5=89 2 ?>78F88 3@5:>2. (5AB>3> <0@B0 >= B5;53@0D8@>20; 2 >=4>=:

 

«0AB0820BL =0 ?>445@6:5 @5F859 !5@188 5A;8 =5 3>2>@8BL > A;CG05 1>;30@A:>9 0B0:8 7=0G8B @07@CH8BL 2AO:CN =04564C =0 A>B@C4=8G5AB2> A D8=0<8. @3C<5=BK 35=HB010 C1548;8 ?@5<8=8AB@0 2 AB@0B538G5A:>9 >?0A=>AB8 ?>4>1=>9 >?5@0F88».

 

B>B 65 45=L 1@8B0=A:89 2>5==K9 0BB0H5 A>>1I8;:

 

> A;>20< <>53> @CAA:>3> :>;;538, 5B5@1C@3 >15A?>:>5= 2>7<>6=K< 2J574>< :>@>;O @5F88 2 >=AB0=B8=>?>;L. 5 8A:;NG5=>, GB> >AA8O ?@8<5B 3@5G5A:>5 ?@54;>65=85 A CA;>285<, GB> :>@>;O 2 3>@>45 =5 1C45B, => MB> >3@0=8G5=85 <>65B @07>< ?>:>=G8BL A> 2A5< =0G8=0=85<. / =0AB>OB5;L=> ?>?@>A8; @CAA:>3> 2>5==>3> 0BB0H5 4>=5AB8 4> 35=HB010 >AA88 AB@0B538G5A:85 4>AB>8=AB20 3@5G5A:>3> ?@54;>65=8O. ABC?;5=85 @5F88 2 2>9=C ?@54>AB028B A5@10< =08;CGHCN 30@0=B8N ?><>I8 =0 A;CG09 ?>2B>@5=8O 02AB@89A:>9 0B0:8 8 3@5G5A:0O 0@<8O 4065 =5 B@>=C2H8AL A <5AB0 >B?C3=QB >B 459AB289 >;30@8N, GB>, 2 A2>N >G5@54L, ?@54>AB028B C7<>6=>ABL A>459AB2>20BL >AA88 2 C:>28=5. $@0=FC7K =094CB ?>;L7C 2 04@80B8G5A:>9 <>@A:>9 1075 >AB@>25 >@DC 8 2A5 45;0 =0 0;:0=0E ?>94CB : 2K3>45 =B0=BK.

«>@>;L 4>1028; 0BB0H5 =5 428=5BAO 2 ?>E>4 A 0@<859, => <>65B ?@8=OBL 8=>5 @5H5=85 8 ?@85E0BL ?>4 AB5=K >=AB0=B8=>?>;O. 5 8A:;NG0N, GB> 5A;8 45;0 ?>94CB 8<5==>  B0: :>@>;L 1>;30@ ?>65;05B >?5@548BL 3@5G5A:>3> :>@>;O 8 ?>A?5H8B 2KABC?8BL ?@>B82 "C@F88 @57C;LB0B <>65B >:070BLAO @5H8B5;L=K<ý».

«565;0=85 >AA88 2845BL 2 >=AB0=B8=>?>;5 =8:0:>3> 87 >1>8E :>@>;59, ?CABL 4065 8 =0 :>@>B:>5 2@5<>65B ?@825AB8 : A0?@8OB=K< ?>A;54AB28O<ý».

>5==K9 0BB0H5 70:;NG8; B5;53@0<4=O ?@54;>65=85 3>A?>48=0 5=875;>A0 2AB@5G0NB >20F8O<8, => 3;02=0O ?@8G8=0, 2;5:CI0O 3@5:>2 : =0< - =045640 2>9B8 2 >=AB0=B8=>?>;L».

 

/ GC2AB2>20; 154C :064K< =5@2><, ?@5B5@?520; =58<>25@=K5 AB@040=8O. @52=55, 70CG5==>5 =0 H:>;L=>9 A:03> >A?>4L 65;05B ?>3C18BL, B>3> ;8H05B @07C<0» - 7072CG0;> A> 2A59 7=0G8B5;L=>ABLN 8 A8;>9 8<5==> B5?5@L: B0: AB@0H=>, B0: =5C<>;8<> :0: 1C4B> <8@ 25@=C;AO :> 2@5<5=0< @52=53> 8<0. #60A=K5 A;>20 4>?>4;8==> 3>48;8AL 4;O A53>4=OH=8E 4=59 8;8, 2>7<>6=>, 8 1K;8 4;O =8E ?@>@>G5A:8 =0?8A0=K.

CG8B5;L=>9 =>GLN H5AB>3> <0@B0 O =0?8A0; -420@4C @5N:

 

'5@G8;;L AM@C -420@4C @5N.

6 <0@B0 1915.

0:;8=0N 20A: =5 45;09B5 >H81:8, =5 >BABC?09B5 ?>4 402;5=85< ?>B>:0 A>1KB89 =K=5H=53> :@878A0. 01>B0 2?>;A8;K ?>3C18B 2AQ; 2>9=0 70BO=5BAO, 8 1C45B 3C18BL ;N459 <8;;8>=0<8. "@C48B5AL =58AB>2> 8 >B206=>. A5 :>7K@8 =0 @C:0E. 0H D;>B D>@A8@C5B 0@40=5;;K. 8 >4=0 0@<8O =5 2>94QB 2 >=AB0=B8=>?>;L 157 @07@5H5=8O @8B0=88, => =0< =5 =C65= A0< MB>B 3>@>4 =0< =C6=0 ;8HL ?>1540.

!:068B5 @CAA:8<, GB> 2 2>?@>A5 >=AB0=B8=>?>;O < 4>1@>A5@45G=K 8 1;03>65;0B5;L=K, => =5 ?>B5@?8< ?@53@04 =0 ?CB8 A>B@C4=8G5AB20 A 3@5:0<8. K 4>;6=K 8<5BL A>N7=8:0<8 @5F8N 8 >;30@8N, 1C45 >=8 : =0< ?@84CB. / >G5=L 1>NAL, GB> B5@O5< @5F8N, 8 1C4CI55 2A53> <8@0 >:065BAO 2 @C:0E >AA88. A;8 @CAA:85 ?><5H0NB A>B@C4=8G5AB2C A D8=0<8, O A45;0N 2AQ, GB>1K 8< =5 4>AB0;AO >=AB0=B8=>?>;L. 0718B0O 45@6020 2>A?>;L7>20;0AL =0H59 ?><>ILN, => <>65B 27OBL 3>@>4 A@54AB20<8 >4=>9 ;8HL 87<5=K 59 MB>3> =5 C40ABAO.

A;8 2K =5 ?>445@68B5 B5?5@5H=NN @5F8N @5F8N 5=875;>A0 B> >:065B5AL ?5@54 4@C3>9 AB@0=>9, ?>:>@=>9 =5<5F:>9 2>;5.

 

/ >B;>68; ?8AL<> 4> CB@0; =0 @0AA25B5 ?@8H;0 :@0B:0O B5;53@0<<0 87 D8=.

 

>@>;L >B25@3 ?@54;>65=8O 5=875;>A0. 018=5B @0A?CI5=.

 

8AL<> >AB0;>AL =5>B?@02;5==K<. "5?5@L O ?C1;8:CN 53>, => =5 :0: C?@Q: -420@4C @5N 8;8 $>@8= D8AC. K 4C<0;8 >48=0:>2>. =8 @01>B0;8 2 ?>;=CN A8;C. -B> ?><5B0, A45;0==0O =0 >4=>< 87 C60A=KE ?5@5?CB89 4>;3>9 1>@L1K 70 A?0A5=85 >AA88 >B 2@03>2 8 A0<>9 A51O.


;020 25. >2>5 @5H5=85.

 

B5 4=8, :>340 <=>385 45@602K, <0;K5 8 1>;LH85, CAB@5<8;8 27>@K 2 AB>@>=C 0@40=5;; 8 AB@>8;8 40;5:> 84CI85 ?;0=K 2 =045645 ?5@5;><8BL E>4 2>9=K, A0<> 2>5==>5 459AB285 ?@8G8=0 2A5>1I53> 8 ?@8AB0;L=>3> 2=8<0=8O 70AL 2 =5@5H8B5;L=>AB8, 70B>?B0;>AL =0 <5AB5. >A;5 2 <0@B0 0@45= 2AQ <5=55 ?@5CA?520;. #AB0=>28;0AL ?5@5<5=G820O, =51;03>?@8OB=0O 4;O 40;L=59 AB@5;L1K ?>3>40; =5<=>3>G8A;5==K5 ?> B5< 2@5<5=0< 384@>?;0=K =5 <>3;8 MDD5:B82=> ?><>30BL =02>4G8:0<. 5@54>20O B5>@8O =01;N45=89 8 :>@@5:B8@>2:8 0@B8;;5@89A:>3> >3=O ?0A>20;0 ?5@54 ?@8<8B82=K<8 A@54AB20<8 8 =54>AB0B:>< >?KB0. 5=L >B> 4=O =0 >1>8E 15@530E ?>O2;O;8AL 2AQ =>2K5 8 =>2K5 <>18;L=K5 30C18FK, AB@5;L10 ?>4286=KE 10B0@59 2K=C640;0 1><10@48@>2>G=K5 :>@01;8 >AB020BLAO 2 =5?@5@K2=>< 42865=88. 4 <0@B0 45A0=B=K5 ?0@B88 2AB@5B8;8 65AB>:>5 A>?@>B82;5=85 8 =5 A<>3;8 ?>4>9B8 : D>@B0<. >?KB:8 ?@>45;0BL ?@>E>4 2 <8==KE ?>;OE ?@5A5:0;8AL BC@5F:>9 ?>;52>9 0@B8;;5@859. @>B82=8: 2KA25G820; B@0;LI8:8 ?@>65:B>@0<8 8 A :064K< 4=Q< =0@0I820; A8;C >@C489=>3> >3=O. K45;5==K5 4;O @0AG8AB:8 <8==KE ?>;59 AC40 ?;>E> A?@02;O;8AL A B@C4=>9 7040G59. @0640=A:85 :><0=4K B@0;LI8:>2 ?@5B5@?520;8 65AB>:>5 8A?KB0=85 >=8 ?@5:@0A=> @0718@0;8AL 2 <8==>< 45;5, => =8:>340 ?@5645 =5 @01>B0;8 ?>4 >1AB@5;><.

564C 2B>@K< 8 2>AL<0@B0, D;>B B@864K 8 @07=>>1@07=K<8 A?>A>10<8 1><10@48@>20; 2=CB@5==89 ?>OA >1>@>=K 0@40=5;;.

2 8 3 <0@B0 >3>=L 25;8 «0=>?CA», «!28DBHC@», «>@=C>;;8A», «;L18>=», «"@09M@3». =8 1><10@48@>20;8 @07;8G=K5 C:@5?;5=8O, 3;02=K< >1@07>< D>@B 0@40=>A. 5?@8OB5;L ?@5:@0B8; >3>=L, => =8 >4=> 87 :@5?>AB=KE >@C489 =5 ?>AB@040;> AB@5;L10 ?>;52KE 30C18F 2K=C48;0 :>@01;8 ?>AB>O==> 42830BLAO, E>48BL ?> :@C3C. $;>B ?>B@0B8; =5<0;> 1>5?@8?0A>2 AB> 4204F0BL >48= 12-4N9<>2K9 A=0@O4 - 157 :0:>3>-;81> 7=0G8<>3> @57C;LB0B0.

A;54 70 B5< 0@45= 87<5=8; <5B>4 >1AB@5;0. OB>3> <0@B0 «C8= -;87015B» 1><10@48@>20;0 D>@BK #7>AB59 A 70:@KB>9 ?>78F88. >@01;L =5 2>HQ; 2 @>;82K, => 2AB0; 2 42CE <8;OE >B 010-"5?5 8 2Q; ?5@5:84=>9 >3>=L G5@57 ?>;C>AB@>2. 0 45=L ;8=59=K9 :@59A5@ 2K?CAB8; B@84F0BL B@8 15-4N9<>2KE A=0@O40 4204F0BL 2>A5 D>@BC 13 8 ?OBL ?> D>@BC 17. 0A5G:C @07@K2>2 25;8 B@8 384@>?;0=0 8 B@8 :>@01;O - «@@578AB51;», «0=>?CA» 8 «>@=C>;;»; >=8 <0=52@8@>20;8 2 ?@>;825 ?>4 =C6=K<8 C3;0<8 : ;8=88 >3=O 8 157 >A>1KE 70B@C4=5=89 :>@@5:B8@>20;8 25@B8:0;L=CN =02>4:C. >@87>=B0;L=CN =02>4:C ?@54?>;030;>AL ?>?@02;OBL A 2>74CE0, => 384@>?;0=K =5 A?@028;8AL A 206=59H59 7040G59. 5@2K9 0??0@0B C?0; A 2KA>BK 3000 DCB>2 87-70 ?>;><:8 ?@>?5;;5@0; 2B>@>9 25@=C;AO A @0=5=K< ?8;>B>< ?>A;5 H5AB8 28=B>2>G=KE ?>?040=89. 8B>35, >3>=L :>@@5:B8@>20; >48= ;8HL B@5B89 384@>?;0=.

(5AB>3> <0@B0 D;>B ?@>4>;68; 1><10@48@>2:C. MB>4BO=C;8 =0 ?>;C>AB@>2 ;Q3:85 ?CH:8 8 30C18FK. 3>=L ?>;52KE 10B0@59 2K=C48; «C8= -;87015B» >B>9B8 =0 20 000 O@4>2. !B0@K9 BC@5F:89 1@>=5=>A5F «0@10@>AA0» 2Q; AB@5;L1C 11-4N9<>2K<8 A=0@O40<8 87=CB@8 @>;82>2, >B 094>A0. 0H8 :>@01;8 ?>;CG8;8 =5A:>;L:> ?>?040=89 >B 30C18F 8 ?>;52KE ?CH5:, => >1>H;>AL 157 ?>2@5645=89.

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«C8= -;87015B» G8A;8;8AL A@548 ?5@259H8E A@54AB2 0B0:8. 4<8@0;B59AB2> =0:>?8;> 4>AB0B>G=K9 70?0A 15-4N9<>2KE A=0@O4>2, => =5 4020;> @07@5H5=8O B@0B8BL 53> 2?;>BL 4> 2>A5<=04F0B>3> <0@B0. "5< A01 M:>=><88 >AB020;AO 2 A8;5. 8GB> =5 ?@5?OBAB2>20;> C:@5?8BL 8 ?>?>;=8BL 2>74CH=K9 >B@O4. 0: ?>:070;0 ?>74=59H0O ?@0:B8:0, <>3;8 4>AB028BL 0280F8>==>5 ?>4:@5?;5=85 70 =5A:>;L:> =545;L. 7=0G0;L=K9 ?;0= 4<8@0;B59AB20 ?@54?>;030; 8A?>;L7>20BL 0@B8;;5@8N «C8= -;87015B» ?@>B82 =5?@8OB5;LA:8E D>@B>2: 25@=0O ?@0:B8G5A:>5 ?@8<5=5=85 A>@20;>AL 87-70 >3@0=8G5=89 =0 B@0BC 1>570?0A0 8 =54>AB0B>G=CN ?>445@6:C A 2>74CE0. !> 2@5<5=5< 10 ?@5?OBAB28O, => >?>@>G5==K9 =5C40G59 A?>A>1 >B1@>A8;8 - ?@56452@5<5==> 8 =02A5340.

B0:C A 70:@KB>9 ?>78F88 A>G;8 ?@>20;82H59AO. !54L<>3> <0@B0, «30<5<=>=» 8 «>@4 5;LA>=» AB@5;O;8 ?> C:@5?;5=8O< ?@O<>9 =02>4:>9 A 48AB0=F88 12 000 13 000 O@4>2. $@0=FC7A:89 >B@O4 70=8<0;AO D>@B0<8 7 8 8. ><10@48@>2:0 =5 40;0 @57C;LB0B0. >AL<>3> <0@B0 «C8= -;87015B» 2<5AB5 A «0=>?CA><ý», «>@=C>;;><ý» 8 «@@578AB51;><ý» ?>2B>@8;8 0B0:C. 825=L 8 =87:0O >1;0G=>ABL =5 40;8 @01>B0BL 384@>?;0=0<. >@01;8 ?>?0;8 ?>4 >3>=L 30C18F => =5 ?>;CG8;8 A5@LQ7=KE ?>2@5645=89. $>@BK C<>;:;8; 1;87:85 @07@K2K, AC4O ?> ?>A;52>5==K< 70O2;5=8O< BC@>:, 70:840;8 ?CH:8 >1;><:0<8 8 3@O7LN. 5?@8OB5;L @5H8; A>E@0=8BL 1>5?@8?0AK 4;O 1;86=53> 1>O 8 70=O;AO >G8AB:>9 >@C489.

!?>@048G5A:85 1><10@48@>2:8 8 =5C25@5==K5 ?>?KB:8 2KB@0;8BL <8=K 70BO=C;8AL 4> 12 <0@B0. !><=5=8O B5@70;8 <5=O 2AQ 1>;55. <55B ;8 D;>B 4>AB0B>G=> A<5;>AB8 0B0:>20BL 2@030? >B ?@8<5@ - >4=0 87 B5;53@0<< 0@45=0. 4<8@0; 4>:;04K205B, GB> B@0;LI8:8 >B>3=0=K BO6Q;K< >3=Q< 8 4>102;O5B A =0H59 AB>@>=K ?>B5@L =5B. / A>?>AB02;O; 4>=5A5=8O >B 0@40=5;; A B5<, GB> ?@>8AE>48;> =0 70?04=>< D@>=B5: 157=04Q6=K5, GCBL ;8 =5 5654=52=K5 0B0:8 A> AB@0H=K<8 ?>B5@O<8 A>N7=KE 2>9A:. !@02=5=85 =0AB>@06820;>. A;54CNI8E B5;53@0<<0E 04<8@0; @0AA:07K20; > 2AOG5A:8E 70B@C4=5=8OE 8 > ?5@540G5 <8==KE @01>B :04@>2>5==>=0;C. > @5>@30=870F8O 70=O;0 =5<0;> 2@5<5=8 8 7025@H8;0AL ;8HL =0 >G5=L ?>74=8E AB048OE >?5@0F88. >:0 65 2A5 ?>?KB:8 AG0AB;82> >1E>48;8AL 157 A5@LQ7=KE ?>B5@L; ?>GB8 =5B@>=CBK<8 >AB020;8AL 8 2@065A:85 <8==K5 ?>;O.

!B0;> OA=>: =0< =5>1E>48<> =>2>5, O@>AB=>5 CA8;85.

8BG5=5@ 4>;3> <54;8; A =07=0G5=85< :><0=4CNI53> A>548=Q==K<8 2>5==K<8 A8;0<8 >AB>G=>3> !@54875<=><>@LO. :>=FC ?5@2>9 <0@B>2A:>9 =545;8 2>5==K9 <8=8AB@ >:>=G0B5;L=> >AB0=>28;AO =0 :0=4840BC@5 :><0=4CNI53> 2>9A:0<8 2=CB@5==59 >1>@>=K 5;8:>1@8B0=88 /=5 0<8;LB>=5, => B>;L:> CB@>< 12 <0@B0 >B?@028; 5=8G5A:>5 B5;53@0D=>5 8725AB85: «K ?>AK;05< 2>9A:0 : 0@40=5;;0<, =0 ?><>IL D;>BC. K ?@8=8<05B5 :><0=4>20=85».[26]

>;3>5 >6840=85, ?>AB>O==K5, 5654=52=K5, =5>1JOA=8<54;5=8O A@548 1KAB@> <5=ONI59AO >1AB0=>2:8 BO65;> 40;8AL <=5 8 $8H5@C. !1>@ B@0=A?>@B=KE AC4>2 =07=0G8;8 =0 18 <0@B0; : C4@>AC, 2 =5<0;>< G8A;5, 42830;8AL ;N48, 25@E>2K5 8 2LNG=K5 682>B=K5; :070;8AL ?5@54 2>@>E>< =5>B;>6=KE 8 70?CB0==KE 2>?@>A>2: ?8B0=85, 2>40, >@30=870F8O. $@0=FC7A:0O 482878O 2KH;0 2 <>@5 8 >6840;0 >B =0A C:070=89 8 @0A?>@O65=89. @5<8=8AB@0B82=KE 7040G CAC3C1;O;>AL =5>?@545;Q==>ABLN: =8:B> =5 7=0;, :0: 1C4CB 8A?>;L7>20=K 2A5 MB8 2>9A:0. K 704020;8 8BG5=5@C 2>?@>A 70 2>?@>A><, => >= C?@O<> <>;G0; 8 >B25@30; 2AQ, 2 GQ< CA<0B@820; ?>?KB:C 402;5=8O 8;8 ?>=C:0=8O. AB0;>AL ;8HL E;>?>B0BL 8 15A?@5:>A;>2=> >B?@02;OBL =0 !@54875<=>5 <>@5 2>5==K5 A8;K 2 C3>4=>< <0@H0;C :>;8G5AB25 8 157 <0;59H53> ?@><54;5=8O. 11 <0@B0 O >:>=G0B5;L=> C25@8;AO 2 B><, GB> 8BG5=5@ 2K1@0; 0<8;LB>=0 8 BCB 65, =0 2AO:89 A;CG09 70:070; A?5F80;L=K9 ?>574 =0 ?>;45=L 12-3>.

@8254C 206=59H85 ?C=:BK 87 8=AB@C:F88 8BG5=5@0 0<8;LB>=C.

 

(1) $;>B D>@A8@C5B 0@40=5;;K. A?>;L7>20BL A:>;L ;81> 7=0G8B5;L=K5 2>5==K5 A8;K 4;O =075<=>9 >?5@0F88 2>7<>6=> ;8HL ?@8 =5C40G5 D;>B0, ?>A;5 8AG5@?0=8O <>@O:0<8 2A5E A@54AB2 4;O ?@>@K20.

(2) > =0G0;0 ;N1>3> A5@LQ7=>3> ?@54?@8OB8O =0 0;;8?>;89A:>< ?>;C>AB@>25, =5>1E>48<> A>1@0BL 2>548=> 2A5 >B@O65==K5 4;O M:A?548F88 2>9A:0 A B5< GB>1K 1@>A8BL 2 1>9 8E ?>;=CN A8;C.

(3) @<8O 27O;0AL D>@A8@>20BL @>;82K; 20< A;54C5B >B1@>A8BL ;N1CN 2>7<>6=>< >B:075 >B MB>3> ?;0=0. >>?5@0F8O D;>B0 8 0@<88 ?>B@51C5B 2@5<5=8, B5@?5=8O 8 @53C;O@=>9 @01>BK. A>15==> 206=> C9B8 >B B@5=89 <564C 2>5==K< 8 <>@A:8< :><0=4>20=85<: @07;04 2>A?@5?OBAB2C5B AB@0B538G5A:>;8B8G5A:>?5@0F88.

(4) KH5A:070==>5 =5 ?><5H05B :><0=4CNI5<>30B5;L=K5 >?5@0F88. K <>65B5 2KAK;0BL 2>9A:0 4;O >G8AB:8 B>3> 8;8 8=>3> @09>=0 >B BC@>: A 15A?>:>OI59 D;>B 0@B8;;5@859 ;81> 4;O >:>=G0B5;L=>3> C=8GB>65=8O ?>402;5==KE A <>@O D>@B>2. <5AB5 A B5< 4;O @5H5=8O 2A?><>30B5;L=KE 7040G 4>;6=K =07=0G0BLAO >B@O4K <8=8<0;L=>9 G8A;5==>AB8. 5A0=B=K5 ?0@B88 0B0:CNB >1J5:BK 2 ?@545;0E 2848<>AB8 8 =5 >AB0NBAO =0 0;;8?>;89A:>< ?>;C>AB@>25 1>;55 =5>1E>48<>3> 2@5<5=8.

 

0?CBAB28O D5;L4<0@H0;0 <>6=> :@8B8:>20BL A B>G:8 7@5=8O 2>5==>9 =0C:8, => 4>:C<5=B 8BG5=5@0 =5 @0AE>48BAO A <=5=85< >5==>3> A>25B0 =8 =0 9>BC. !M@ /= 0<8;LB>= C;>68; 8=AB@C:F88 2 :0@<0=, 8, 2<5AB5 A =51>;LH>9 3@C??>9 A2565A>1@0==KE 8 <0;>7=0:>< >D8F5@>2 >B?@028;AO A '0@8=3-@>AA0 : 0@40=5;;0<. "@84F0B8C7;>2K9 ;Q3:89 :@59A5@ «$0MB>=» 640; ?>4 ?0@0<8 2 0@A5;5. >2K9 :><0=4CNI89 =5 ?>B5@O; 2@5<5=8 8 ?@81K; =0 <5AB> CB@>< 17 <0@B0.

4<8@0;B59AB2> 8 :><0=48@K 40@40=5;LA:>3> D;>B0 A>1;07=8;8AL ?@54AB0282H59AO 2>7<>6=>ABLN =5<54;5==> ?@8<5=8BL 2>9A:0 A:07K20;8AL BO3>AB=K9 E>4 <>@A:>9 0B0:8 8 C4828B5;L=K9 CA?5E 45A0=B>2 <>@A:>9 ?5E>BK 2 :>=F5 D52@0;O. <5AB5 A B5<, ?5@A?5:B82K 0@<59A:>9 >?5@0F88 >AB020;8AL BC<0==K. 8:B> =5 7=0; G8A;5==>AB8 =5?@8OB5;O. B5;53@0<<5 >B 23 D52@0;O 0@45= >F5=8; 30@=87>= 0;;8?>;8 2 40 000 G5;>25:. 7 MB>9 65 F8D@K 8AE>48;> 8 2>5==>5 254>. "5?5@L <, GB> ?> A>AB>O=8N =0 22 D52@0;O @07<5@ BC@5F:8E A8; =5 ?@52KH0; 20 000 A>;40B; 2@03 @071@>A0; 2>9A:0 ?> 15@53C <5;:8<8 >B@O40<8, 157 @575@2>2 8 ?>445@6:8. >7<>6=>, GB> A2>52@5<5==> ?>4>A?52H0O 29-O 482878O 2<5AB5 A :0:8<8-B> 538?5BA:8<8 A8;0<8 <>3;0 1K 2KA048BLAO =0 15@53 8 70=OBL >G5=L 206=K5 - 2>7<>6=>, 8 :;NG52K5 - ?>78F88 157 A5@LQ7=KE ?>B5@L. A;54 70 2KA04:>9 =0G0;8AL 1K BC@5F:85 0B0:8 2AQ 2>7@0AB0NI59 A8;K, => O =5 286C ?@8G8=, ?>G59A:0 A ?>AB>O==K< ?>4:@5?;5=85< 87 38?B0, 0 70B5< 8 87 =3;88 =5 C45@60;8 1K D@>=B0. 06=59H89 >1A5@20F8>==K9 ?C=:B C G8-010 ?>72>;8; 1K =0< :>@@5:B8@>20BL >3>=L A 70:@KBKE ?>78F89 8 A 25;8G09H59 B>G=>ABLN =0?@02;OBL A=0@O4K <>@A:8E >@C489 =0 D>@BK #7>AB59. @<8O <>3;0 1K 4>AB028BL =0 15@53 BO6Q;K5 ?CH:8 8 30C18FK, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 =>2K5, 15-4N9<>2>3> :0;81@0 8 MDD5:B82=> @07@CH0BL 2@065A:85 C:@5?;5=8O. 0< =5 ?@8H;>AL 1K 4>;3> 640BL ?045=8O BC@5F:8E D>@B>2; 2A;54 70 B5< D;>B ?@>HQ; 1K 2 @0<>@=>5 <>@5. 5 AB>8B, 2?@>G5<, 701K20BL 8 > 4@C3>9, =5<0;>206=>9 AB>@>=5 45;0 @5H5=85 8A?>;L7>20BL 0@<8N 2 >?8A0==>< 2KH5 <0AHB015 >7=0G0;> =5 <5=55 =0G0;0 =>2>9 :0 3;> 1KBL ?@8=OB> 4> :0:>3>-;81> 8AE>40 =0AB>9G82KE 0B0: >4=8< B>;L:> D;>B><.

/ @5H8; ?@845@60BL A>1AB25==>5 <=5=85 8 70?@>A8; C 8BG5=5@0 >D8F80;L=CN B>G:C 7@5=8O 0@<88. B25B AB0; >68405

 

5@2>@4C,

13 <0@B0 1915 3>40.

>B25B =0 20H 70?@>A: 5A;8 F5=8205< G8A;5==>AB8 >BB><0= =0 0;;8?>;89A:>< ?>;C>AB@>25 8 25@=> ?>=8<05< A8;C 2@065A:>9 ?>78F88 =0 2KA>B0E 8;84-0@0, =0A >68405B B@C4=>5 45;>, 65AB>:85 1>8, 8 0@<8O =5 =0G=QB 1>;LH>9 >?5@0F88 4> ?@81KB8O 8 3>B>2=>AB8 29-9 4828788.

.

 

5 1C4C ?>@8F0BL D5;L4<0@H0;0. = ?@8=O; =08;CGH55 2 A;>682H8EAO >1AB>OB5;LAB20E @5H5=85. H81:C 4>?CAB8;8 @0=55. A;8 1K 29-O 482878O =5 7045@60;0AL A >B?@02:>9 8 2KH;0 2 <>@5 22 D52@0;O 2 87=0G0;L=> >?@545;Q==K9 A@>: B> ?@81K;0 1K =0 <5AB> : A5@548=5 <0@B0, 0 =5 A 70?>740=85< =0 B@8 =545;8. A;8 1K ?>@O4>: ?>3@C7:8 =0 B@0=A?>@B=K5 AC40 >B25G0; B@51>20=8O< ?@54AB>OI53> 1>O, 482878O <>3;0 1K 459AB2>20BL G5@57 =5A:>;L:> 4=59 ?>A;5 4>AB02:8 =0 <5AB>. 17-18 <0@B0 AC40 A ?@>G8<8 2>9A:0<8 ?@8H;8 =0 5<=>A 87 =3;88 8 $@0=F88; =5:>B>@K5 G0AB8 >AB0;8AL >6840BL 2 ;5:A0=4@88 C B@0=A?>@B=KE ?@8G0;>2. A;8 1K A@>:8 7028A5;8 ;8HL >B <>@A:8E ?5@52>7>:, >?5@0F8N =0 0;;8?>;8 <>6=> 1K;> =0G0BL C65 20 <0@B0. A5 2K45;5==K5 4;O 45;0 2>9A:0, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 482878O 87 $@0=F88, ?@81K;8 =0 <5AB> B>G=> ?> @0A?8A0=8N 4<8@0;B59AB20, : C:070==><8 A@>:C 17 <0@B0. >@A:0O 0B0:0 ?@>H;0 :C;L<8=0F8>==CN B>G:C 18 <0@B0, B> 5ABL 5IQ 4> ?>4E>40 =0 0;;8?>;8 7=0G8B5;L=KE BC@5F:8E ?>4:@5?;5=89. > 0@<8O =5 ?@54?@8=O;0 =8G53> 157 29-9 4828788. 4=0-548=AB25==0O @53C;O@=0O 482878O AB0;0 4;O =0A :0<=5< ?@5B:=>25=8O, 5Q <0@H@CB 8 2@54E>40 : 0@40=5;;0< @5H8;8 8AE>4 2A53> ?@54?@8OB8O. AB0;L=K5 2>9A:0, G5BK@5 ?OBKE >B 2A5E A>2>:C?=KE A8; ?@81K;8 B>G=> ?> ?;0=C 8 ?@>AB>O;8 157 45;0 8 >4=0 ?OB0O, =5>BJ5<;5<> =5>1E>48<0O 4;O 45;0 4>;O ?>O28;0AL =0 <5AB5 ;8HL G5@57 B@8 =545;8.

K =5 CA?5;8 >B2068BLAO =0 A5@LQ7=K9 @8A:, =5 ?>=5A;8 ?>B5@L, =5 225;8 2 45;> <=>38E A8;, => : A5@548=5 <0@B0 =5 B>;L:> <>@A:0O 0B0:0, => 8 2AQ ?@54?@8OB85 ?>4>H;> : :@8B8G5A:>9 B>G:5. 0@45= 2K?>;=O; 87=0G0;L=K9 ?;0= 8 @07@CH0; 2@065A:CN >1>@>=C ?>A;54>20B5;L=>, ?> G0ABO<. $;>B =5 B5@?5; ?>@065=89, => 459AB2>20; 2O;> 8 GCBL ;8 =5 B>?B0;AO =0 <5AB5. 4=8 CB5:0;8. !> 4=O ?5@2>3> 70;?0 ?@>HQ; GCBL ;8 =5 <5AOF. 'B> 45;0;8 BC@:8? /A=>, >=8 4>;6=K 1K;8 ?>4BO3820BL ?>4:@5?;5=8O, 25AB8 D>@B8D8:0F8>==K5 @01>BK, 70:;04K20BL <8=K, <>=B8@>20BL =>2K5 B>@?54=K5 0??0@0BK 8 >@C48O ?@8 M=5@38G=>< A>459AB288 35@<0=A:8E >@30=870B>@>2. GB> ?@54?@8=8<0;8 A0<8 35@<0=FK? >7<>6=>, >=8 2KA;0;8 AC1<0@8=K A -;L1K 2 -359A:>5 <>@5. @>HQ; <5AOF. KH;8 ;8 ?>42>4=K5 ;>4:8? ?CB8 ;8 >=8? 0: 40;5:>? >7<>6=>, GB> A>2A5< 1;87:>. K 2AQ 1>;55 B@52>68;8AL. >42>4=0O >?0A=>ABL ?>=C:0;0, 70AB02;O;0 A?5H8BL. @8H;> 2@52> >1@0B8BLAO : B5:CI5;>65=8N, ?5@5A<>B@5BL >1@07 =0H8E 459AB289. K ?@542845;8 B0:CN 2>7<>6=>ABL A A0<>3> =0G0;0 8 >AB028;8 70 A>1>9 2K1>@ - ?@5@20BL >?5@0F8N «5A;8 45;0 ?>94CB 2>?@5:8 =045640< 8 5A;8 A>?@>B82;5=85 D>@B>2 >:065BAO G5@5AGC@ C?>@=K<ý». B<5GC: <>3;8 MB> A45;0BL. 48=>5 <0=>25=85 @C:8 8 2AO 40@40=5;;LA:0O 0@<040 ;8=:>@K, :@59A5@0, MA<8=FK, B@0;LI8:8, 2A?><>30B5;L=K5 8 B@0=A?>@B=K5 AC40 8AG570NB, @0AB2>@ONBAO 2 <>@A:>< ?@>AB>@5. >G=0O B5<=>B0 A:@>5B >B ?@8AB0;L=KE 27>@>2 2A53> <8@0 <>3CG89, 3>B>2K9 : 0B0:5 D;>B, 0 A>;=F5 27>94QB =04 ?CABK< <>@5< 8 <>;G0;82K<8 15@530<8.

1>;55 B>3>. 5 ?@8H;> ;8 2@5, 4>;30O 1><10@48@>2:0 40@40=5;;LA:8E C:@5?;5=89 2K=C6405B BC@>: ABO3820BL 2>9A:0 =0 0;;8?>;8 8 0780BA:89 15@53. BB><0=K =5 @0A?>;030NB <=>38<8 >@C48O<8, >18;L=K<8 70?0A0<8 A=0@O65=8O 8 =0A:@510NB 8E >B>2AN4C. 0<5G0B5;L=K5 CA8;8O >AA88 2>AAB0=>28;8 ?>;>65=85 =0 02:075. > <>@N 84CB 2>9A:0 =3;88 8 $@0=F88 4>AB0B>G=> A8;L=K5 4;O HBC@<0 3>@ 8 2KA>B 0;;8?>;8, 8 @02=> A?>A>1=K5 2 B>< =5 1K;> =8:0:8E A><=5=89 27OBL 8 C45@60BL ;5:A0=4@5BBC. "C@5F:0O 8 B5@O5B >1H8@=CN B5@@8B>@8N, 0 1@565< :><9 0@<88 >A<0=, ?5@5:@>5< >AB@> =5>1E>4842>7 ?8I8 8 A=0@O65=8O A 2>AB>:0 8 40@40=5;;LA:0O >?5@0F8O >15@=QBAO >1<0==K< C40@>< - =08;CGH8< ?@83>B>2;5=85< : 3;02=>

> O =5 C2;Q:AO ?>4>1=K<8 @0AAC645=8O<8, =5 C?CAB8; 87 2=8<0=8O =8 >4=>9 87 0;LB5@=0B82, => >B25@3 :064CN. / 25@8;, GB> =04> CB@>8BL CA8;8O, ?@>@20BLAO G5@57 0@40=5;;K 8 =09B8 2 @09>=5 @>;82>2 =0AB>OICN, =08;CGHCN 87 2A5E 2>7<>6=KE, @5H8B5;L=CN ?>154C. "0:>2> 1K;> <>Q <=5=85, => O @01>B0; A@548 >AB>@>6=KE ;N459. 4<8@0;K, 35=5@0;K 8 3>AC40@AB25==K5 ;510;8AL A ?5@2KE 4=59 ?@54?@8OB8O - =5 25@8;8 2 CA?5E 40@40=5;;LA:>3> 45;0, =5 =0E>48;8 2 =Q< ?@>AB>3> 8 OA=>3> @5H5=8O, 15A?>:>8;8AL > 70?0A5 A8; @0=4 $;8B0, =5 2845;8 ?>;L7K 2 >?5@0F8OE =0 2>AB>:5! "5?5@L =0ABC?8;> 8E 2@5 2@5 8 C1548B5;L=>: «/ 2A5340 A><=520;AO 2 ?;0=5 0@45=0. "5?5@L =0 45;5: ?>@0 >AB0=>28BLAO, => =0H8 B@C4K =5 ?@>?0;8 7@O. B;8G=0O 45<>=AB@0F8O: BC@:8 =0?C30=K, @CAA:85 ?>;CG8;8 ?>445@6:C, B5@O;8 ?@0:B8G5A:8 =8G53> 40209B5 70:>=G8< =0 MB>< 8;8 70B55< GB>-=81C4L 5IQ». >4>1=K5 ?@54;>65=8O 459AB28B5;L=> ?>O28;8AL, => B>;L:> 2 0?@5;5, :>340 =5A;8 >AO705=, ?>;CG8;8 >B?>@ 8 C65 =5 <>3;8 70?@>AB>, 157 CI5@10 4;O ?@5AB860 >B:070BLAO >B 45;0. <0@B5 =8:0:85 ?>;8B8G5A:85 A>>1@065=8O =5 ?@5?OBAB2>20;8 >B:07C >B >?5@0F88; A 2>5==>-<>@A:>9 B>G:8 7@5=8O 2K9B8 87 1>O 1K;> ?@>I5 ?@>AB>3>.

'B> 65 ?@>87>H;>? 5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 =8GCBL =5 ?>65;0; ?@5@20BL >?5@0F8N, => =0>1>@>B ?>445@60; 5Q A =52840==>9 4>A5;5 @5H8<>ABLN. K 2>7=0<5@8;8AL 87<5=8BL ?;0=: ?5@59B8 >B ?>AB5?5==KE, >AB>@>6=KE 0B0: A >3@0=8G5==K<8 F5;O<8 : <>I=>?0A=>ABO<8 ?@>@K2C 8 $8H5@ ?>445@60; =0G8=0=85 8A:@5==5 8 A >E>B>9. >A;5 15A54 A ?@5<8=8AB@>< 8 2A;54 70 2A5AB>@>==8< >1AC645=85< 2>?@>A0 2>5==>9 3@C??>9 4<8@0;B59AB20, O =0?8A0; G5@=>2>9 20@80=B 206=59H59 8=AB@C:F88 D;>BC 8 ?5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 157 :>;510=89 702878@>20; 53>. = 4065 2K720;AO >B?@028BLAO : 0@40=5;;0<, GB>1K ?>4=OBL A2>9 D;03 8 ;8G=> 2>73;028BL >?5@0F8N 25;8:CN >B25BAB25==>ABL, ?> A;>20< $8H5@0, 4>;65= 1K; 27OBL =0 A51O G5;>25: >1;5GQ==K9 >A>1>9 2;0ABLN. >340 ?@8H;> 2@5A5@45G=> 8 1;03>@>4=>, @8A:CO A2>8< 8 157 B>3> =5;Q3:8< ?>;>65=85<, @0AA:070; >1 MB>< 0@40=5;;LA:>9 :><8AA88.

=K5 C?>5==K5 =0G0;L=8:8 =5 2K:070;8 =8 <0;59H8E A><=5=89. @BC@ 8;LA>=, 5=@8 65:A>=, 04<8@0; ;825@, :><<>4>@ 45 0@B>;><5 @0AAC48;8 548=> 8 A>3;0A8;8AL 1@>A8BL D;>B 2 0B0:C 65AB>:CN 0B0:C. 8=8AB@K ?>25;8 A51O @02=> @5H8B5;L=K< >1@07><. >5==>5 254> 8 $>@8= D8A 65;0;8 B>3> 65 8 =045O;8AL =0 CA?5E. &0@8;> 548=>4CH85, ?@5<8=8AB@ 4065 8 =5 ?>4C<0; 2K=5AB8 2>?@>A =0 !>25B. / =5 A:@K20; A2>53> <=5=8O, 8A:@5==5 @04>20;AO >1I53;0A8N 8 >4>1@5=8N =>2>3> ?;0=0 8 =5 1K; 4>2>;5= B>;L:> >4=8<: 2>?@>A =5 ?>;CG8; >B:@KB>3> >1AC645=8O 8 >AB0;AO 157 3;0A=>3> 2>B8@>20=8O 2A5<8 2>2;5GQ==K<8 2 45;> ?0@B8O<8.

'5< >1JOA=8BL B0:85 @5H8B5;L=>ABL 8 548=>4CH85? ;;N7859 1;87:>9 ?>154K. @>;82K 8 ;560I89 70 0@40=5;;0<8 25;8:89 3>@>4 >2;045;8 C<0<8. >AA8O 5IQ =5 CA?5;0 @07@CH8BL ?>;8B8G5A:CN :><18=0F8N 8, 4> 6 <0@B0, 1@8B0=A:85 2;0AB=K5 :@C38 CG8BK20;8 ;8HL <=5=8O B0;88, >;30@88, C2L, 2A5 65;0;8 45@7=CBL 8 2K83@0BL. K, =0:>=5F, >1@5;8 2>;N 8 548=AB2>, 70;>3 ;N1>9 >?5@0F88 =0 <>@5 8;8 =0 ACH5 C2K, => 2AQ MB> ?@8H;> A <5AOG=K< 70?>740=85

@C??0 2>5==>3> ?;0=8@>20=8O 4<8@0;B59AB20 548=>3;0A=> >4>1@8;0 A;54CNICN B5;53@0<<8@0;C 0@45=C.

 

11 <0@B0 1915, 1:35 ?>?>;C4=8.

101. AE>4=K5 8=AB@C:F88 ?@54?8AK20;8 ?>AB5?5==K5 8 >AB>@>6=K5 <5B>4K 0B0:8; 4>1@O5< 20HC @01>BC: 2K ?@>428=C;8AL 2?5@Q4 =0AB>9G82K<8 8 8A:CA=K<8 459AB28O<8 8 4> A53> 4=O =5 ?>=5A;8 ?>B5@L.

<5AB5 A B5< 206=>ABL @57C;LB0B0 >?@02405B C@>= 2 ;N4OE 8 :>@01;OE, 5A;8 157 =8E =52>7<>65= CA?5E. @>@K2 G5@57 C7>ABL '0=0:0 <>65B @5H8BL 45;> 8 >:065B A0<>5 @5H8B5;L=>5 2;8O=85 =0 E>4 2A59 2>9=K. @54;0305< 20< >14C<0BL A;54CNI55: ?@8H;> 2@53>689 45=L 8 ?>4028BL D>@BK 2 #7>ABOE A 48AB0=F88 MDD5:B82=>3> >3=O <0:A8<0;L=K< G8A;>< >@C489 - 1>;LH8E 8 <0;KE; ?CAB8BL 2 E>4 2AN 2>7<>6=CN 0@B8;;5@8N. &

K =5 B>@>?8< 20A 8 =5 =02O7K205< A>1AB25==>3> <=5=8O, => ?>;0305<, GB> 8<5==> A59G0A =0< 4>;6=> =060BL =0 2@030 A> 2A59 A8;>9 8 B5< ?@825AB8 >?5@0F8N : @5H8B5;L=>< 65;0B5;L=> CA;KH0BL >B 20A 459AB28B5;L=> ;8 =0ABC?8; B0:>9 <><5=B? %>@>H> ?@>4C<0==K9 ?;0= @5H8B5;L=>3> ?@>@K20, ?CABL 8 G@520BK9 >3>@G8B5;L=K<8 ?>B5@O<8, =094QB 2 =0A ?>445@6:C.

 

B5;53@0<<0 >B 15 <0@B0.

 

109. 0A:>;L:> =O;8, 2K =0<5@5205B5AL ?@>45;0BL ?>4>10NI89 ?@>E>4 2 <8==KE ?>;OE 8, 2 :>=5G=>< AGQB5, ?>4>9B8 : D>@B0< #7>AB59 =0 :>@>B:CN 48AB0=F8N. "@0;5=85 ?@>94QB ?>4 ?@8:@KB85< >@C489 ;8=59=>3> D;>B0: 1@>=5=>AFK 254CB >3>=L ?@>B82 D>@B>2 [?@>B82] ?@>65:B>@>2 8 ?>4286=KE 2@065A:8E 10B0@59. >7<>6=>, GB> @01>B0 =0 <8==KE ?>;OE 709;L:> 4=59. 7 20H8E A;>2 O2AB2C5B, GB> 2A;54 70 @0AG8AB:>9 ?@>E>40 2K 0B0:C5B5 D>@BK #7>AB59 8 2K2545B5 8E 87 1>O MDD5:B82=K< >3=Q< A 1;86=8E 48AB0=F89. 0B5< 2K 709<8 C:@5?;5=8O<8: 2>7<>6=>, GB> ?>B@51C5BAO 40;L=59H55 @07<8=8@>20=85. A;8 20H8 =0<5@5=8O 8<5==> B0:>2K, >4>1@O5<. 48B5 2?5@Q4 157 ;8H=59 ?>A?5H=>AB8, => 8 =5 B5@OO 2@5<5=8.

 

4<8@0; >B25B8;.

 

15 <0@B0, 1915, 9:15 CB@0.

>=8<0O 8 CG8BK20O A8BC0F8N, A>18@0NAL, :0: B> 1K;> A:070=> 2 B5;53@0<<5 >B 14 <0@B0, @5H8B5;L=> 0B0:>20BL C:@5?;5=8O #7>AB59, @0AG8I0O <8==K5 ?>;O ?> E>4C 0B0:8. A>15==> 206=0 E>@>H0O 2848<>ABL, 8A?>;L7CN ?5@2CN 65 2>7<>6=>ABL. &

 

B<5GC >A>1>5 8 >G5=L 1>;LH>5 7=0G5=85 4;O D;>B0 42CE B5;53@0<< 4<8@0;B59AB20 101 8 109. K ?><8<> ?@>G53> 40;8 04<8@0;C ?>=OBL, GB> >B25BAB25==>ABL 70 BO6Q;K5 ?>B5@8 2 @5H8B5;L=>9 ?>?KB:5 ?@>@20BLAO G5@57 @>;82K 8;8 70 ?@>20; 2A59 >?5@0F88 ;>68BAO =5 =0 =53>, => =0 AB>;8G=KE =0G0;L=8:>2. ><0=4CNI5AB0QBAO 4C<0BL ;8HL > 7040G5 8 A@060BLAO B>;L:> A 2@03><.

AQ 1K;> 3>B>2>. / 27O; 420 4=O >B?CA:0 8 >B?@028;AO : $@5=GC. B0:0 <>3;0 =0G0BLAO 2 ;N1>9 <><5=B, => HB01 :><0=4CNI53> A>>1I0;AO A >=4>=>< ?> ?@O<>2>4C. / ?@81K; : AM@C 6>=C >4=>2@5<5==> A B5;53@0<<>9 87 >=4>=0 0@45= A>>1I0; 2 4<8@0;B59AB2>, GB> 4>;65= >AB028BL D@>=B ?> 1>;57=8: B0:>2> @5H5=85 >D8F5@0 <548F8=A:>9 A;C61K. ><0=4CNI89 @5:><5=4>20; ?>@CG8BL 45;> 28F5-04<8@0;C 45 >15:C, :>B>@K9 - ?> A;>20< 0@45=0 - «?@5:@0A=> 7=0:>< A> 2A5<8 @0A?>@O65=8O<8, ?;0=0<8 8 >:070; =5>F5=8<>IL 2 ?>43>B>2:5 >?5@0F88».

3>@G8B5;L=0O =>2>ABL. K @01>B0;8 A 28F5-04<8@0;>< 2 A>25@H5==>< 0::>@45. <5==> >= ?@54;>68; 8 @07@01>B0; AE5A;54>20B5;L=>9 0B0:8 8 ?>;=>ABLN A>3;0A8;AO A =0H8< ?;0=>< @5H8B5;L=>3> ?@>@K20. 0@45= >B;8G=> 7=0; 45;>, 8<5==> 5;030;>AL 1K ?@825AB8 >?5@0F8N : 7025@H5=8N. "5?5@L, 2 :0=C= 18B2K, >= =5>6840==> 70=5<>3. @8E>48;>AL =0G8=0BL 70=>2>, A 4@C38< :><0=48@><. / A2Q; 7=0:> A 45 >15:>< B@8 3>40 =0704: E>@>H89 D;>BA:89 >D8F5@, AB>@>==8: AB@>3>9 48AF8?;8=K; 2 ?@542>5==>5 2@5<>53> <8=8AB5@AB20 ?@>A;C68; 420 3>40 =0 2>AB>G=>< ?>15@56L5 04<8@0;>< ?0B@C;O. / =5 2A5340 A>3;0H0;AO A 53> ?>4E>40<8 : @5H5=8N 2>5==KE 7040G; B5?5@L 65, :>340 ?5@54 28F5-04<8@0;>< 2AB0;8 206=59H85 2>?@>AK AB@0B5388 8 B0:B8:8, =5 1K; C25@5= 2 4>AB0B>G=KE ?>7=0=8OE 8 >?KB5 45 >15:0. %0@0:B5@, ;8G=K5 :0G5AB20 8 A;C651=>5 @25=85 28F5-04<8@0;0 =5 >AB02;O;8 =8:0:8E A><=5=89 2 53> =04Q6=>AB8. = >:070;AO ?5@2K< A@548 2>7<>6=KE ?@55<=8:>2 0@45=0 A8;>9 >1AB>OB5;LAB2. >=B@-04<8@0; #M<8AA :><0=4CNI89 107>9 C4@>A0 1K; 2KH5 ?> 720=8N, => >15: A;C68; 70<5AB8B5;5< 0@45=0 A A0<>3> =0G0;0 40@40=5;;LA:>9 >?5@0F88, 45@60; 2 @C:0E 2A5 @KG038, 0 #M<8AA ?>3@O7 2 04<8=8AB@0B82=>< :@878A5: B@0=A?>@BK A 2>9A:0<8 ?>4E>48;8 GCBL ;8 =5 565G0A=>. 1<5= 45 >15:0 =0 #M<8AA0 A CGQB>< >4=>3> ;8HL @0=30 :070;AO =525@=K< @5H5=85<.

4<8@0; #M<8AA, A>25@H5==> 4>1@>2>;L=>, ?>28=COAL GC2AB2C 3@0640=A:>9 >B25BAB25==>AB8, B5;53@0D8@>20;: «A;8 2K 4C<05B5 =07=0G8BL 45 >15:0, O 157 >3>2>@>: 3>B>2 A;C68BL ?>4 53> :><0=4>9. K A >15:>< @01>B05< 2 ?>;=>< A>3;0A88 8 1C45< ?>;=>F5==> A>B@C4=8G0BL, :>3> 1K 2K =8 2K1@0;8». "5< 8 1K;> @5H5=> 45;>. @>2845=85 =0AB>@>68;> :0?:0= C 0@40=5;;.

@8H;> 2@5B:@>25==> ?>3>2>@8BL A =>2K< :><0=4CNI8<: C1548BLAO, GB> >= ?>=8<05B 7040GC >48=0:>2> A 4<8@0;B59AB2>< 8 3>B>2 ?@8=OBL >?5@0F8N 87 @C: 2K1K2H53> ?> =5AG0ABLN 0@45=0. >A;5 :>=AC;LB0F89 A $8H5@><, O >B?@028; 45 >15:C B5;53@0<

 

4<8@0;B59AB2>, 28F5-04<8@0;C 45 >15:C.

17 <0@B0 1915 3>40. 8G=> 8 A5:@5B=> >B ?5@2>3> ;>@40.

0AB>OI8< 8 A A>25@H5==>9 2 20A C25@5==>ABLN 225@O5< 20< >B45;L=K9 !@54875<=><>@A:89 D;>B. >;030N, 2K ?>;=>ABLN A>3;0A=K A B5;53@0<<>9 70 =><5@>< 101, A B5;53@0<<>9 109 8 A>>B25BAB2CNI8<8 >B25B0<8 28F5-04<8@0;0 0@45=0; @02=> ?>;030N, GB> ?>A;5 A0<>AB>OB5;L=>3> 8 =5?@5427OB>3> @073;0A=K A =0<8 2 B><, GB> ?@54;>65==0O 4<8@0;B59AB2>< >?5@0F8O @07C<=0, ?>;57=0 8 =5 B5@?8B >B;030B5;LAB2. A;8 MB> =5 B0:, 409B5 7=0BL =5<54;5==>. A;8 B0: 157>B;030B5;L=> ?@8=8<09B5AL 70 45;> 8 =0G8=09B5 >?5@0F8N ?@8 ?5@2>9 65 1;03>?@8OB=>9 2>7<>6=>AB8. K 64Q< ?>;=KE, 5654=52=KE @0?>@B>2. >445@68209B5 A0B=>H5=8O A 35=5@0;>< 0<8;LB>=><. K18@09B5 >D8F5@>2, ?@54;0309B5 :04@>2K5 ?5@5<5I5=8O. 0H8< 70<5AB8B5;5< =07=0G5= #M<8AA. 5;05< 2AOG5A:>9 C40G8.

 

8F5-04<8@0; >15: 2 4<8@0;B59AB2>.

17 <0@B0 1915 3>40, 10:20 CB@0. 5@2>@4C 4<8@0;B59AB20. !5:@5B=> 8 ;8G=>.

228. B 28F5-04<8@0;0 >15:0. !?0A81> 70 B5;53@0<3;0A5= A> 2A5< 2 =59 A:070==K<. ?5@0F8N =0G=Q< 702B@0, ?>3>40 ?>72>;O5B. AQ 7028A8B >B CA?5E0 @01>BK =0 <8==KE 703@065=8OE #7>AB59 8 >B B>3>, C40ABAO ;8 ?>4028BL D>@BK =0 2@5<8=. 5=5@0;K 0<8;LB>=, 4<04 8 04<8@0; #M<8AA 1K;8 C <5=O A53>4=O. AB@5G0 ?@>H;0 >G5=L E>@>H>.

 

=0 A;54CNI89 45=L:

 

18 <0@B0 1915. >3>40 E>@>H0O. 0G8=05<.

 


;020 26. >A5<=04F0B>5 <0@B0.

 

#B@>< 18 <0@B0 A>N7=K9 D;>B 2KH5; 0B0:>20BL 0@40=5;;K.

5 >15: ?@54?>;030; >4=>2@5<5==> ?>4028BL D>@BK #7>AB59 8 10B0@58, ?@8:@K202H85 <8==K5 ?>;O. = 2K45;8; 4;O 0B0:8 45AOBL 1@>=5=>AF52, 5IQ H5ABL >AB020;8AL ?>7048 8 4>;6=K 1K;8 A<5=OBL :>@01;8 ?5@2>9 ;8=88 G5@57 :064K5 G5BK@5 G0A0. > ?;0=C >15:0, 45;> =0G8=0;8 G5BK@5 A>2@5<5==KE ;8=:>@0. =8 >B:@K20;8 >3>=L A 40;L=59 48AB0=F88 8 =5A:>;L:> CB8E><8@820;8 2@065A:85 D>@BK; 70B5<, G5BK@5 D@0=FC7A:8E :>@01;O 2KE>48;8 2?5@Q4 G5@57 8=B5@20;K ?5@2>9 ;8=88 8 =0G8=0;8 1><10@48@>2:C C:@5?;5=89 A 8 000 O@4>2. >A;5 ?>402;5=8O D>@B>2 B@0;LI8:8 @0AG8I0;8 900-O@4>2K9 ?@>E>4 2 ?OB8 <8==KE ;8=8OE C 5D5F0. 01>BC =0 <8==KE ?>;OE ?@54?>;030;>AL 25AB8 2AN =>GL ?>4 ?@8:@KB85< 42CE ;8=:>@>2 >AB0;L=K5 1@>=5=>AFK 2KE>48;8 87 ?@>;820 =0 2@5, 5A;8 1K C40;>AL @0AG8AB8BL ?@>E>4, D;>B ?@>E>48; 2 1CEBC !0@8-!83;0@ 8 18; ?> 15@53>2K< C:@5?;5=8O< #7>AB59 ?@O<>9 =02>4:>9. A;54 70 ?>;=K< C=8GB>65=85< 8;8 MDD5:B82=K< ?>402;5=85< D>@B>2 B@0;LI8:8 ?@8=8<0;8AL 70 <8==K5 703@0645=8O #7>AB59.

0A?@545;5=85 8 >1O70==>AB8 :>@01;59:

8=8O .

1AB@5; D>@B>2 #7>AB59 A 14 000 O@4>2.

            «C8= -;87015B»

            «30<5<=>=»

            «>@4 5;LA>=»

            «=D;5:A81;»

 

1AB@5; ?@><56CB>G=KE C:@5?;5=89.

            «@8=F 5>@3»

 

8=8O .

0;L=59H89 >1AB@5; D>@B>2 #7>AB59 A 8 000 O@4>2.

            «!NDD@5=»

            «C2M»

            «(0@;5<0=L»

            «>;C0»

 

@8:@KB85 <8==KE @01>B 2 =>G8.

            «>@=C>;;8A»

            «0=>?CA»

 

!<5=0.

            «5=465=A»

            «@@578AB51;»

            «;L18>=»

            «CH5=»

            «!28DBHC@»

            «0465AB8:»

 

@>=5=>AFK A@060NBAO 8 <0=52@8@CNB ;8HL 2 BI0B5;L=> >G8I5==KE 8 4>?>4;8==> A2>1>4=KE >B <8= 2>40E B0:8< 1K;> >A=>20=85 2A53> ?;0=0. A54L<><0@B0 ?>;5 1>O A>G;8 G8ABK<: B0: >=> 8 1K;> =0 A0<>< 45;5. "@0;LI8:8 2KE>48;8 =0 @01>BC ?>GB8 :064CN =>GL, ?>4=8<0;8AL : #7>ABO< =0 8 000 O@4>2, =5A:>;L:> @07 ?@>H;8AL 8 24>;L 0780BA:>3> 15@530. 0 45;5, 2>4K 1CEBK -@5=-Q9 =5 1K;8 >G8I5=K >B <8= 2 4>AB0B>G=>9 <5@5. -:A?5@8<5=BK «@: >9O;0» C1548;8 D;>B, GB> 384@>?;0= 8;8 0M@>?;0=, ;5B0O =04 <8==K<8 ?>;O<8, <>3CB 70<5B8BL <8=K 2 G8AB>9 2>45, =0 18-DCB>2>9 3;C18=5. 59AB28B5;L=>, 384@>?;0=K G0AB> 4>=>A8;8 > <8=0E, 70<5G5==KE 2 @09>=0E AB0F8>=0@=KE ?>;59 8 8E 4>=5A5=8O =0G0;8 8AB>;:>2K20BLAO =5 B>;L:> 2 ?>;>68B5;L=>< A?;0= C2845; <8=C, 7=0G8B <8=0 5ABL - => 8 2 A><=8B5;L=><, >B@8F0B5;L=>< A74CE0 =5 284=> <8=, B> <8= 2 2>45 =5B. "5?5@L <, GB> 87 >?KB>2 «@: >90;0» 2K25;8 =525@=>5 70:;NG5=85. 459AB28B5;L=>AB8, 384@>?;0=K =5 <>3;8 >1=0@C68BL ?>AB>O==KE ;8=89 BC@5F:8E <8==KE 703@0645=89, => @0?>@B>20;8 >1 >B45;L=KE, 2A?;K2H8E : ?>25@E=>AB8 70@O40E ;81> > ?@8B>?;5==KE 1C9:0E 703@048B5;L=KE A5B59. $;>B 70A;C68205B ;N1KE 8728=5=89: ?5@54 =8< AB>O;0 B@C4=0O 7040G0 ?@8 >3@0=8G5==KE A@54AB20E. "5< =5 <5=55, ;N10O 0B0:0 D>@B>2 A <>@O =5 4>;6=0 1K;0 70?=CBLAO =0 E>@>H> 70I8IQ==KE <8==KE ?>;OE 8 =5>1E>48<> B@51>20;0 ?>43>B>2:8 A2>1>4=>3> >B <8= 8 ?>;=>ABLN :>=B@>;8@C5<>3> 2>4=>3> ?@>AB@0=AB20 4;O <0=Q2@>2 1><10@48@>2>G=KE :>@01;59. !53>4=O 8725AB=>, GB> ?>43>B>2:0 =5 C40;0AL: =54>AB0B>G=>5 G8A;> B@0;LI8:>2, 8 =5C4>2;5B2>@8B5;L=0O 459AB25==>ABL 8E @01>BK ?@825;8 : =5<54;5==>3C ?>B5@O< 18 <0@B0 8 : >B40;Q==>20;C 2A59 <>@A:>9 >?5@0F88.

0==8<, 25B@5=K< CB@>< 8 <0@B0, 2A;54 70 CE>4>< 87 ?@>;820 =>G=>3> ?0B@C;O 0=3;89A:8E <8=>=>AF52 <0;5=L:89 BC@5F:89 ?0@>E>4 «CH@5B» 2K;>68; =>2CN ;8=8N 87 4204F0B8 <8= 2 70;825 -@5=-Q9, 2 100-150 O@40E >B ACH8, ?0@0;;5;L=> 15@53>2>9 ;8=88. "C@:8 ?>AB028;8 <8=K =0 ?@56=59, 8A?>;L7>20==>9 =0<8 6 8 7 <0@B0 >3=52>9 ?>78F88 A @0AGQB>< ?>4>@20BL :>@01;8, 5A;8 D;>B 2K15@5B MB> 65 <5AB> 4;O =>2KE 1><10@48@>2>:. 0 45;5, 4204F0BL <8= 87<5=8;8 E>4 2A59 5;8:>9 2>9=K. (5AB=04F0B>3> <0@B0, B@0;LI8:8 =0H;8 8 C=8GB>68;8 B@8 <8=K, => =5 70<5B8;8 1>;55 =8 >4=>9 8 =5 ?>=O;8, GB> @01>B0NB =0 =>2>9 ;8=88 <8==>3> 703@0645=8O. AB02H85AO 70@O4K ?@>1K;8 ?>4 2>4>9 45AOBL 4=59; D;>B =5 =0HQ; 8E 8 =5 ?>4>7@520; > =>2>9 >?0A=>AB8. 8:B> =5 ?>B@52>68; <8=K 4> OA=>3>, A>;=5G=>3> CB@0 18 <0@B0, :>340 <>3CG0O 0@<040 ?>4=O;0AL ?> :><0=45 45 >15:0 8 25;8G02> 428=C;0AL 8A?>;=8BL 3@0=48>7=K9 ?;0=.

:>;> G5B25@B8 425=04F0B>3>, «C8= -;87015B», «30<5<=>=», «>@4 5;LA>=» 8 «=D;5:A81;» >B:@K;8 >3>=L ?> D>@B0< #7>AB59 A 14 000 O@4>2; G5@57 =5A:>;L:> <8=CB 2 45;> 2ABC?8;0 2AO ;8=8O . >@01;8 =5<54;5==> ?>?0;8 ?>4 BO6Q;K9 >3>=L <>18;L=KE 30C18F 8 ?>;52KE >@C489 A@54=59 ;8=88 BC@5F:>9 >1>@>=K. @>=O 70I8B8;0 ;8=:>@K >B ?>2@5645=89, E>BO :064K9 8 ?>;CG8; ?> =5A:>;L:C A=0@O4>2. $>@BK ?@8A>548=8;8AL : ?>;52K< 10B0@5O<, => 1@>=5=>AFK >AB020;8AL 70 ?@545;0<8 40;L=>AB8 :@5?>AB=KE >@C489. 11:50 2 D>@B5 20 F5;L «C8= -;87015B» - @0740;AO A8;L=K9 27@K2. «30<5<=>=» 8 «>@4 5;LA>=» =0G0;8 @53C;O@=> ?>@060BL D>@BK 13 8 17. !@07C 65 ?>A;5 ?>;C4=O D@0=FC7A:0O MA:04@0 ?>4 2>48B5;LAB2>< E@01@>3> 04<8@0;0 5?@0BB0 ?@>@570;0 1><10@48@>2>G=CN ;8=8N 8 ?@8ABC?8;0 : >1AB@5;C A 1;87:>3> @0AAB>O=8O. $>@BK >BG0O==> >BAB@5;820;8AL, AB>@>=K ?>25;8 C60A0NI89 >3>=L, ;8=88 8 1>@>;8AL >4=>2@5<5==> A D>@B0<8 8 ;Q3:8<8 10B0@5O<8. G5284FK MB>9 D07K 1>O =0E>4OB 2 =59 <@0G=>5 25;8:>;5?85. 3@><=K5 :>@01;8 :@C68;8AL, <0=52@8@>20;8 A@548 2>4O=KE D>=B0=>2, 25;8 >3>=L 2A5<8 >@C48O<8 1>;LH8<8 8 <0;K<8; <>I=K5 2A?>;>E8 ?;0<5=8 87 65@; 15@53>2KE ?CH5: ?@>1820;8 7025AC ?K;8 8 4K<0 =04 D>@B0<8; E>; >158< AB>@>=0< ?@>;820 72CG0;8 ME>< C60A=>9 :0=>=04K; 15@530 >68;8 2A?KH:0<8 2KAB@5;>2 ?>;52KE 10B0@59; 745AL 8 B0<, <56 >A=>2=K<8 :>@01;O<8 A?5H8;8 8A?>;=8BL @8A:>20==K5 45;0 :0B5@0 8 <8=>=>AFK 2>5==>5 :>;>2@0I5=85 ?>4 A8ONI8<8 =515A0<8 8 =0 A?>:>9=>9 A8=59 2>45; =5?>4@0605<>5 7@5;8I5 25;8G8O 8 :@878A0. "0: ?@>4>;60;>AL >:>;> G0A0. 0 =5A:>;L:> <8=CB 4> G0A0 ?>?>;C4=8 D>@B 13 ?>B@OA A8;L=59H89 27@K2. '5@57 ?OB=04F0BL <8=CB D>@B 8 ?@5:@0B8; >3>=L. «>;C0» 8 «(0@;5<0=L» ?@8AB@5;O;8AL ?> D>@B0< 13 8 16 8 : ?>;>28=5 2B>@>3> 2 7=0G8B5;L=>9 AB5?5=8 ?>4028;8 A2>8 F5;8. 57 G5B25@B8 420 >10 C:@5?;5=8O ?@0:B8G5A:8 ?@5:@0B8;8 AB@5;L1C. E 30@=87>=K CH;8 ;81> A?@OB0;8AL; >1;><:8 7020;8;8 2=CB@5==85 ?@>AB@0=AB20 D>@B>2.

8==K5 B@0;LI8:8 ?>;CG8;8 ?@8:07 84B8 2?5@Q4. $@0=FC7A:0O MA:04@0 ?@8=O;0 3;02=K9 C40@ 8 B5?5@L CABC?8;0 <5AB> A<5=5. @8B0=A:85 :>@01;8 =5 ?>=5A;8 A5@LQ7=KE ?>2@5645=89, E>BO =>A>2>9 <>AB8: «=D;5:A81;0» 1K; @0718B >3=Q<, 0 =5A:>;L:> D@0=FC7A:8E :>@01;59 ?@8=O;8 =5<0;CN ?>@F8N C40@>2. > 1>52K5 :0G5AB20 8 42830B5;L=K5 CAB0=>2:8 :>@01;59 =8:0: =5 ?>AB@040;8. !B0;L=0O 1@>=O C15@53;0 :><0=4K >B A5@LQ7=KE ?>B5@L. '8A;> C18BKE 8 @0=5=KE =5 ?@52KA8;> A>@>:0 G5;>25:. > A8E ?>@ 2AQ H;> ?> ?;0=C. > >1I5<=5=8N, D;>B A?@028;AO A D>@B0<8; >AB0;>AL CAB@0=8BL <8=K 8, ?>402;OO 15@530 >3=Q<, 84B8 G5@57 @>;82K A <0;K<8 ?>B5@O<8. B><, GB> :0A05BAO D>@B>2, 25@H5==> ?@02K. > BCB ?@8H;0 ?5@20O 1540.

13:54 «C2M», CE>4OI89 87 ?@>;820 2A;54 70 D;03<0=A:8< :>@01;Q< «!NDD@5=», =0B>;:=C;AO =0 <8=C 2 70;825 -@5=-Q9. >42>4=K9 70@O4 27>@20; >@C489=K9 ?>3@51, 8 1@>=5=>A5F 2 425 <8=CBK CHQ; ?>4 2>4C A@548 ?;0<5=8 8 4K<0. !?0AB8 C40;>AL B>;L:> 66 G5;>25:. 0 «C8= -;87015B» @5H8;8, GB> «C2M» ?>381 >B BO6Q;>3> A=0@O40 8 >?5@0F8O ?@>4>;68;0AL 157 2AO:>9 70<8=:8.[27]

42C< G0A0< 4=O D>@BK ?>;=>ABLN C<>;:;8, >3>=L ?@>4>;60;8 ;8HL «C8= -;87015B» 8 «>@4 5;LA>=». "@0;LI8:0< ?@8:070;8 84B8 2 @>;82K; 2 B> 65 A0<>5 2@5<5=0 ;8=:>@>2 ;8=88 ?>H;0 2?5@Q4, 2 0B0:C A 1;86=59 48AB0=F88. $>@BK 2>7>1=>28;8 1KAB@K9, => =5B>G=K9 >3>=L, «C8= -;87015B» >B25G0;0 70;?0<8. B>@0O D070 70=O;0 >:>;> G0A0, 15@53 AB@5;O; =5@53C;O@=> 8 =5 2@548; D;>BC. !><=5=89 =5 >AB020;>AL BC@:8 CB5@O;8 A2O7L 8 :>=B@>;L =04 >3=Q<. "@0;LI8:8 <54;5==> H;8 ?@>B82 B5G5=8O : <8==K< ?>;O< 5D5F0. > ?CB8 >=8 2K;>28;8 B@8 <8=K 8 27>@20;8 5IQ B@8 87 =>2>3> 703@0645=8O 2 70;825 -@5=-Q9. 5 >15: 4>:;04K20; >1 MB>< <><5=B5 1>O 2 A;54CNI8E 2K@065=8OE: « G5BK@Q< G0A0< 4028;8 D>@BK #7>AB59 8 >1@0B8;8 2 153AB2> 10B0@58 ?@8:@KB8O <8==KE ?>;59; :070;>AL, ?@8H;> 8A:;NG8B5;L=> 1;03>?@8OB=>5 2@5<8==KE 703@0645=89».

16:11 «=D;5:A81;», ?@>AB>O2H89 25AL 45=L 2 1;87>AB8 : =58725AB=>< <8==>>1I8;, GB> =0B:=C;AO =0 <8=C. >@01;L ?>;CG8; A8;L=K9 :@5= 8 >:070;AO 2 =5HCB>G=>9 >?0A=>AB8. '5@57 B@8 <8=CBK B0 65 CG0ABL ?>AB83;0 8 «@@578AB51;» - >= =0:@5=8;AO 8 5420 ;8 <>3 42830BLAO. 16:50 45 >15:C AB0;> A>25@H5==> OA=>, GB> «@@578AB51;» ?>4>@20;AO =0 <8=5. !>1KB8O ?@8=O;8 >15A:C@06820NI89 >1>@>B. 8=K >1JO28;8AL 2 A>25@H5==> 157>?0A=><, ?> >1I5<=5=8N, <5AB5; =0 CG0AB:5, 345 D;>B <0=52@8@>20; 25AL 1>52>9 45=L. B>B <><5=B =8:B> =5 ?>4C<0;, GB> 2@03 ?>AB028; @O4 ?>42>4=KE <8= 2 =0H8E A>1AB25==KE 2>40E. "09=0 =58725AB=>3> <8==>3> 703@0645=8O >B:@K;0AL ;8HL ?>A;5 2>9=K. 'B> 70 2>;H51=0O 8 7;0O A8;0 =0=>A8B =0< C60A=K5 C40@K? >65B 1KBL, MB> B>@?54K 87 70<0A:8@>20==KE 8;8 ?>42>4=KE B@C1 C 15@53>2? >65B 1KBL, D;>B ?>?0; 2 1>;LH>9 :>AO: ?;02CG8E <8= ?CI5==KE BC@:0<8 ?> B5G5=8N A:2>7L #7>AB8? > E>4C 1>52>3> 4=O >B206=K5 :><0=4K :0B5@>2 70<5B8;8 8 2K;>28;8 =5A:>;L:> ?>4>1=KE <8=. >;55 B>3>: ?5@54 A0< A@065=8O 2 #7>ABOE 1K;8 70<5G5=K G5BK@5 BC@5F:8E ?0@>E>40. =8 O2=> 2K6840;8; 2>7<>6=>, =0<5@520;8AL C;CG8BL ?>4E>4OI89 <><5=B 8 2K?CAB8BL =0 2>4C 27@K2G0BK9 3@C7.[28] 5@A8O ?;02CG8E <8= 2K3;O45;0 =081>;55 C1548B5;L=>. > GB> 1K MB> =8 1K;>, 7>=0 <0=52@8@>20=8O :>@01;59 >AB020;0AL 70@065=0 <8=0<8, ;81> ?@>8AE>48;> 5IQ GB>-B>: =5254><>5 8 >G5=L B@52>6=>5.

4<8@0; 45 >15: @5H8; ?@5:@0B8BL 0B0:C. = =5 70A;C68205B >AC645=8O. @>4>;68BL 1>9 ?>A;5 B0:8E ?>B5@L 8 ?@8 B0:>9 =5>?@545;Q==>AB8 1K;> =52>7<>6=>. 20 ;8=:>@0, 2K45;5==K5 4;O =>G=>3> ?@8:@KB8O B@0;LI8:>2 =5 <>3;8 >AB020BLAO 2 ?@>;825. $;>B =5 A<>3 ?>4028BL 420 D>@B0 (7 8 8) A@54=59 ;8=88 >1>@>=K. "@0;8BL <8=K AB0;> =52>7<>6=>; ?@8H;>AL >AB0=>28BL 2AN >?5@0F8N. ?OBL G0A>2 25G5@0 04<8@0; A:><0=4>20; >1I89 >BE>4. $;>B 70=O;AO ?>418BK<8 :>@01;O<8 8 A?0A5=85< :><0=4. «CH5=» ?>A?5H8; : C25G=>4>@20;AO =0 B>< 65 A0<>< <8==>< ?>;5. >=5F @0AA:070 =5 709<=>3> 2@5<5=8. «=D;5:A81;» 1;03>?>;CG=> 4>HQ; 4> >AB@>20 "5=54>A 8 2AB0; =0 <5;:>2>4L5. -A<8=FK, ?@>O282 >B203C 8 C<5=85, A=O;8 :><0=4K A «@@578AB51;0» 8 «CH5=0». ;8609H59 =>GLN >10 ?>:8=CBKE :>@01;O CH;8 =0 4=> ?@>;820.

"5< 8 70:>=G8;>AL 45;> 18 <0@B0. 5A<>B@O =0 O@>AB=CN AB@5;L1C 8 ?5G0;L=K5 >1AB>OB5;LAB20 1>O, C@>= =0 >158E AB>@>=0E >:070;AO =0 C482;5=85 <0;. "C@:8 ?>B5@O;8 <5=55 150 1>9F>2 =0 10B0@5OE 8 D>@B0E 8 B>;L:> 61 G5;>25: 87 2A53> 1@8B0=A:>3> D;>B0 =0H;8 2 1>N A<5@BL 8;8 C25GLO. <5AB5 A B5<, D@0=FC7K >?;0:0;8 2AN :><0=4C «C2M» - >:>;> 600 <>@O:>2. 'B> :0A05BAO :>@01;59, «=D;5:A81;» 25@=C;AO 2 AB@>9 G5@57 H5ABL =545;L; >@C489=K9 >3>=L A8;L=> ?>2@548; «>;C0»; B@8 AB0@KE 1@>=5=>AF0 CB>=C;8. A:>@5 G8B0B5;L C7=05B > A>AB>O=88 2@030 8 53> >1>@>=K.

5AL 45=L 18 <0@B0 O ?@>2Q; 2 >:>?0E A@548 ?5AG0=KE 4N= ?>15@56LO 5;L388. CB0=8F0 B@0=H59 ?@>BO=C;0AL >B 3@0=8FK (259F0@88 4> <>@O, :>;NG0O ?@>2>;>:0 7<58;0AL ?> 15@53C 2 A>;Q=CN 2>4C. @8;82 >;>BKE =0 ?@>2>;>:C :@K20; 8E 2>4>@>A;O<8, CB0A:820; 2 <>@5 G0AB8 @07;030NI59AO ?;>B8. @C385 B@C?K ;560;8 2 DCB5 >B ?>4=>68O E>;<>2 3@C??0<8 ?> 45AOBL-425=04F0BL A>;40BA:8E B5;. >71C645=85 0B0:8, 5Q E>4 G8B0;8AL ?> <, ?> 8E ?>70< 8 @0A?>;>65=8N. '5;>25G5A:85 >AB0=:8 ?@>;560;8 C 4N= C65 =5A:>;L:> <5AOF52, ?5A>: ?@8:@K; 8 AG5@B0=8O B5;. 070;>AL, A0<0 ?@8@>40 =0:@K;0 ;40B ?>3@510;L=K< A020=><. 8=88 B@0=H59 B5A=8;8AL 4@C3 : 4@C3C 8 2 =5:>B>@KE <5AB0E >BAB>O;8 2A53> ;8HL =0 =5A:>;L:> O@4>2. "@52>6=CN B8H8=C =0@CH0;8 @54:85 @C659=K5 2KAB@5;K. 1>@>=8B5;L=K5 ;8=88 =0 ?5A:5 AB@>8;8AL 7020BK<8 8 =>2K<8 <5B>40<8. / =5 2845; =8G53> ?>4>1=>3> =0 4@C38E CG0AB:0E D@>=B0. !B>O;0 >B;8G=0O ?>3>40. >574:0 =0 ?>15@56L5 >B2;5:;0 <5=O >B A>1KB8OE =0 4@C3><, B>65 <>@A:>< D;0=35 2@065A:>9 ;8=88. / 2>72@0B8;AO 2 =3;8N 2 =>GL =0 19 <0@B0, GB>1K CA?5BL : =>2>ABO< > ?@>H54H5< 1>5.

5AB8 ?@8H;8 =0CB@> 8, =0 ?5@2K9 273;O4, =5 1K;8 E>@>H8.

0B5< ?@8H;0 8 A;54CNI0O B5;53@0<<0:

 

-A:04@0, 70 2KG5B>< ?>381H8E 8 ?>2@564Q==KE :>@01;59 3>B>20 : =5<54;5==>9 0B0:5, => =5>1E>48<> 87<5=8BL ?;0= 8 =09B8 A@54AB2> ?@>B82 ?;02CG8E <8=.

 

/ @5H8;, GB> 04<8@0; ;8HL CB>G=O5B @57C;LB0B ?5@2>3> 4=O A@065=8O. B>B <><5=B <=5 8 2 3>;>2C =5 ?@8H;>, GB> ;6=K 1@>A8BL 45;> 8 =5 @8A:>20BL 2 ?@545;0E 704C<0==>3> ?>:0, B0: 8;8 8=0G5, =5 @5H8< 7040GC. $8H5@ 8 8;LA>= 4C<0;8 >48=0:>2> A> <=>9. "5< CB@>< >=8 2AB@5B8;8 <5=O B2Q@4K<8 C25@5=8O<8 2 1>@L15 4> ?>154K. 5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 BCB 65 ?@8:070; 42C< ;8=:>@0<, «>=4>=C» 8 «@8=A >D #M;;A», 84B8 =0 ?>4:@5?;5=85 >B@O40 45 >15:0. 20 1@>=5=>AF0 - «C8=» 8 « @A:>9 <8=8AB@ $@0=F88 B5;53@0D8@>20;, GB> 2KAK;05B «=@8 IV» 70<5=8BL ?>381H89 «C2M». K =0?@028;8AL =0 70A540=85 ?@028B5;LAB20 >5==K9 A>25B A>18@0;AO 2 11. 8=8AB@K 2KA;CH0;8 =0A, 2K:070;8 =5?@5:;>==CN @5H8<>ABL 8 ?>AB0=>28;8: «5@2K9 ;>@4 4<8@0;B59AB20 A>>1I05B 28F5-04<8@0;C 45 >15:C GB> <>@A:0O >?5@0F8O <>65B 1KBL 2>7>1=>2;5=0 2 ?>4E>4OI89 4;O MB>3> <><5=B».

>A;5 70A540=8O >I@8;8 45 >15:0 ?> B5;53@0DC, 8725AB8;8 >1 84CI8E =0 ?>4<>3C :>@01;OE 8 4>1028;8 A;54CNI55:

 

0< :065BAO 206=K< =5 40BL ?@>B82=8:C ?5@54KH:8 =0 2>AAB0=>2;5=85 D>@B>2, @02=> :0: 8 =5 @04>20BL 53> O2=K<8 ?@87=0:0<8 70<8=:8 2 >?5@0F8OE. # =0A 4>AB0B>G=> A=0@O4>2 4;O 15-4N9<>2KE >@C489 8 «C8= -;87015B» <>65B 25AB8 ?5@5:84=>9 >3>=L G5@57 ?>;C>AB@>2.

 

20 <0@B0 45 >15: A>>1I8; 4<8@0;B59AB2C ?>4@>1=>AB8 B5:CI59 @5>@30=870F88 ?@>B82><8==>3> 45;0. = =045O;AO 2>7>1=>28BL 45;> G5@57 B@8-G5BK@5 4=O. 0 2@543>B>2:8 MA<8=F52, M:8?0659 =>2KE B@0;LI8:>2 8 4> ?>;=>9 3>B>2=>AB8 D;>B0 : 2>7>1=>2;5=8N 0B0:8 >15: 70?@5B8; :>@01;O< 2E>48BL 2 0@40=5;;K.

B>B 65 45=L >= B5;53@0D8@>20;, GB> 1>52K5 :0G5AB20 CF5;52H8E :>@01;59 =5 ?>AB@040;8 ?>2@5645=K ;8HL B@C1K, =04AB@>9:8 8 ?0;C1K.

070;>AL, 2A5 B>2K : B2Q@4K< 8 @5H8B5;L=K< 459AB28O<. 5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4, 2>5==0O 3@C??0 4<8@0;B59AB20, ?@5<8=8AB@, 25AL >5==K9 A>25B, <>@A:>9 <8=8AB@ $@0=F88, 04<8@0; 45 >15: 8 04<8@0; D@0=FC7A:>9 MA:04@K C 0@40=5;; =8:B> =5 >B:;>=8;AO >B =0<5@5=8O AB>9:> 8 A>3;0A=> 2K?>;=OBL ?@8=OBK5 @5H5=8O.

24@C3, 23 <0@B0, ;CG8;8 B5;53@0<25@H5==> 8=>3> A

 

8F5-04<8@0; 45 >15:, 2 4<8@0;B59AB2>.

23 <0@B0 1915 3>40. (?>;CG5=> 2 6:30 CB@0).

818. 0 A53>4=OH=5< A>25I0=88 A 35=5@0;0<8 0<8;LB>=>< 8 Q@42C4><, ?>A;54=89 70O28;, GB> 0@<8O =5 =0G=QB =8:0:8E 2>5==KE >?5@0F89 4> 14 0?@5;O. @>@K2 D;>B0 2 @0<>@=>5 <>@5 B@51C5B 157>?0A=KE :><< =5>1E>48<> C=8GB>68BL 2A5 >@C48O, 70I8I0NI85 @>;82K. 3>=L A <>@O <>65B @07@CH8BL ;8HL <0;CN 4>;N <=>3>G8A;5==>9 15@53>2>9 0@B8;;5@88. KA04:0 ?>4@K2=KE ?0@B89 26 D52@0;O AB0;0 4;O =5?@8OB5;O =5>6840==>ABLN, => 45=L 4 <0@B0 ?>:070;, GB> A;54CNI85 ?>?KB:8 @07@CH8BL >@C48O =0B>;:=CBAO =0 A8;L=>5 8 E>@>H> >@30=87>20==>5 A>?@>B82;5=85. 5 4C<0N, GB> =0< AB>8B 2KA06820BL 45A0=B=K5 >B@O4K 87=CB@8 0@40=5;;. #F5;52H0O 15@53>20O 0@B8;;5@8O 70?@QB @>;82K 2A;54 70 ?@>@K2>< 8 A254QB =0 =5B 2A5 CA8;8O D;>B0. 5@>OB=>, @0AE>4 1>52KE 70?0A>2 1C45B 25;8: 8 :>@01;8 =5 A<>3CB C45@6820BL >B:@KBK9 ?CBL G5@57 0@40=5;;K. 8==0O C3@>70 =5 B>;L:> >AB0=5BAO, => ?@8<5B :C40 :0: 1>;55 3@>7=K5 @07<5@K 8 ?>A;5 ?@>E>40 2 @0<>@=>5 <>@5. 5>1E>48A<>B@8B5;L=K5 ?@83>B>2;5=8O : 2AB@5G5 A> AB0F8>=0@=K<8 8 ?;020NI8<8 <8=0<8; @01>BK 709;L:> 2@5<5=8, => 1C4CB 70:>=G5=K :> 4=N 3>B>2=>AB8 0@<88. >;030N =08;CGH8< @5H5=85< ?>43>B>28BLAO 8 =0G0BL 3;02=K5 459AB28O >:>;> A5@548=K 0?@5;O, => =5 84B8 =0 @8A: 1>;LH>3> 45;0 2 ?>8A:0E ?>;>28=G0B>3> @57C;LB0B0.

 

#60A=0O B5;53@0<<0. / 8A?C30;AO >?0A=>AB59 4>;3>3> ?5@5@K20 2 >?5@0F88 8 2>>1@078; :C40 :0: 1>;55 4>;3CN - =5?@54A:07C5<> 4>;3CN >BA@>G:C: @5GL H;0 > ?>43>B>2:5 <0AHB01=>3> =0ABC?;5=8O 0@<88. 4=0 ;8HL 2KA04:0 2>9A: ?>A;5 B@QE=545;L=>9 4;O 2@030 ?5@54KH:8 :070;0AL =58<>25@=> @8A:>20==K< 45;><. / >A>7=0;, GB> B5?5@L @5GL 84QB > ?@54?@8OB88 :C40 :0: 1>;55 >?0A=><, G5< ?@>AB> 0B0:0 A <>@O. ><8<> ?@>G53> GB> <>3;> >?@0240BL 70<8=:C <>@A:>3> ?;0=0, ?>:>;510BL >A=>2C 2A5E =0H8E @074>2? > A53> 4=O, ?>B5@8 2 ;N4OE >AB020;8AL <0;K. 0 2AQ 2@5<>@A:8E 0B0: B>;L:> >48= F5==K9 :>@01;L («=D;5:A81;») ?>=QA ?>2@5645=8O, ?>?@028<5AOF 8;8 70 H5ABL =545;L 2 4>:0E 0;LBK. !B0@K5 1@>=5=>AFK 2 ;N1>< A;CG05 ?@54=07=0G0;8AL =0 A;><. 0< 1K;> G5< 2>A?>;=8BL ;N1CN ?>B5@N. IQ 20 <0@B0 04<8@0; B5;53@0D8@>20;: «?KB 18 <0@B0 ?>:07K205B, GB> D>@BK #7>AB59 8 15@53>2K5 10B0@58 <>3CB 1KBL ?>402;5=K 70 =5A:>;L:> 4=59 E>@>H53> 1>O, ?>A;5 G53> B@0;LI8:8 >G8ABOB <8==K5 ?>;O 5D5F0». >G5? >G520BL, :0: 704C<0;8? K 254L @5H8;8 2>520BL 8<5==> B0:. >G5B25BAB25==K9 G0A 04<8@0; <5=O5B :C@A 8 2>7;0305B =0 0@<8N 7040GC A =5?@>3=>78@C5:8<8 ?>A;54AB28O<8? @>20; 0@<88 =5<8=C5<> >15@=QBAO 4;O D;>B0 =52>7<>6=>ABLN 40;L=59H8E 0B0:. 8A: =587<5@8<> 2>7@0ABQB, AB02:8 ?>4=8:>. / =5 A><=520;AO, :0:>3> @>40 ?@8:07 =04> >B40BL 45 >15:C, >1JO28; A@>G=>5 70A540=85 2>5==>9 3@C??K 4<8@0;B59AB20 8 ?>;>68; ?5@54 A>1@02H8<8AO A;54CNICN B5;53@0<

 

4<8@0;B59AB2> 28F5-04<8@0;C 45 >15:C.

0 20H 818. 284C B>3>, GB> ?@><54;5=85 @8A:>20==> 87-70 2>7@0AB0NI59 >?0A=>AB8 ?>42>4=KE 0B0:; CG8BK20O, GB> 0@<59A:0O >?5@0F8O <>65B >15@=CBLAO BO6Q;K<8 ?>B5@O<8, ?>B5@?5BL =5C40GC 8;8 ?@8=5AB8 ;8HL G0AB8G=K9 CA?5E 2 45;5 D>@A8@>20=8O @>;82>2; ?@8=8<0O 2 @0AGQB B>, GB> 0@<8O =8:0: =5 ?><>65B A?@028BLAO A <8==>9 >?0A=>ABLN, ?@54;0305< 20< <5B>48G=> 8 =5C:;>==> A;54>20BL ?@56=8< 8=AB@C:F8O< 8 B5;53@0<<5 4<8@0;B59AB20 109. K 4>;6=K ?>43>B>28BLAO 8 2>7>1=>28BL 0B0:C 18 <0@B0 ?@8 ?5@2>9 65 1;03>?@8OB=>9 2>7<>6=>AB8. B 20A B@51C5BAO ?>4028BL D>@BK #7>AB59, 2KB@0;8BL <8==K5 703@0645=8O 8 18BL ?> D>@B0< A 1;86=59 48AB0=F88 AB>;L:> 2@5<5=8, A:>;L:> ?>B@51C5BAO, 8A?>;L7CO 0M@>?;0=K 8 CA>25@H5=AB2>20==K5 20<8 <5B>4K 70I8BK >B <8=. >A;5 @07@CH5=8O D>@B>2 #7>AB59, D;>B A<>65B 42830BLAO 40;LH5. E>4 2 @0<>@=>5 <>@5 A8;L=>3> >B@O40 8 ?>@065=85 BC@5F:>3> D;>B0 @5H8B5;L=> A:065BAO =0 2A59 2>5==>9 A8BC0F88, 8 20< =5B =C64K B@52>68BLAO > 40;L=59H59 AC4L15 :><==KE ;8=89. 0< 8725AB=>, GB> 2 D>@B0E <0;> A=0@O4>2 8 GB> 70?0A BC@5F:8E <8= >3@0=8G5=. K =5 4C<05<, GB> ?@8H;> 2@5B1@>A8BL ?;0= D>@A8@>20=8O 0@40=5;; A8;0<8 >4=>3> D;>B0.

><<>4>@ 45 0@B>;><5 2K57605B A53>4=O. = ?>4@>1=> @07JOA=8B =0HC B>G:C 7@5=8O. B> 65 2@543>B>2:0 : =>2>9 0B0:5 =5 4>;6=0 ?@5@K20BLAO.

 

"5;53@0<<0 2AB@5B8;0 =5?@5>4>;8<>5 A>?@>B82;5=85. 0G0;L=8: HB010 1K; 3>B>2 >B40BL ?@8:07 : =>2>9 0B0:5, => =8 ?5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4, =8 @BC@ 8;LA>=, =8 5=@8 65:A>= =5 A>3;0A8;8AL A ?@54;>65==K< <=>N ?>A;0=85< : >15:C. $8H5@ ?@845@6820;AO B2Q@4>9 ;8=88: >= A>3;0H0;AO A >?5@0F859, ?>:0 5Q @5:><5=4>20; 8 ?>445@6820; :><0=4CNI89 D;>B>< =0 <5AB5. "5?5@L 04<8@0; 45 >15: 8 /= 0<8;LB>= A>3;0A8;8AL >1J548=8BL A8;K, 8 ;6=K ?@8=OBL 8E =0<5@5=85. 5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 >B 4CH8 @04>20;AO - 45;>, 2 :>=F5 :>=F>2, ?>;CG8;> ;N157=>5 5< =0< =0?@02;5=85. ! ?5@2KE 4=59 >?5@0F88 G8B0;8 8<5==> B0:CN D>@ =0< 5IQ 65;0BL? @<8O A>18@05BAO 2 1>9. "5?5@L < MB> 2<5AB5.» > O =5 <>3 A>3;0A8BLAO. / 2845;, GB> ?@><54;5=85 8 ?>B5@O 2=570?=>AB8 87<5=8;8 ?>;>65=85 ?@8A:>@1=>, C60A=>, : =0H59 =52K3>45. / ?>=8<0;, :0:0O 25@5=8F0 AB@0H=KE ?>A;54AB289 ?@84QB 70 <0;>4CH=K< ?5@5:;04K20=85< >B25BAB25==>AB8. ?5@2K9 @07 >B =0G0;0 2>9=K 70 2>AL<8C3>;L=K< AB>;>< 70A540=89 70B5O;AO A?>@ =0 ?>2KH5==KE B>=0E. / 87> 2A5E A8; =0AB0820; =0 4>;35 8 =5>1E>48<>AB8 ?>2B>@=> 0B0:>20BL 0@40=5;;K A <>@O. > <=5 ?@8<:=C; =5A38105<<>4>@ 45 0@B>;><5, => >= 1K; <;04H8< A@548 D;>BA:8E 8 O =5 ?@5CA?5;. !>1@0=85 =8G53> =5 @5H8;>. / ?5@540; G5@=>28: B5;53@0<<8=8AB@C 8 =0HQ; 2 A:28B5 3>@OG55 >4>1@5=85, @02=> :0: 8 2 0;LDC@5 O >1AC48; A =8< ?>;>65=85 2 B>B 65 45=L.

A;8 AC48BL 704=8< G8A;><, ?@5<8=8AB@C A;54>20;> 1K 2<5H0BLAO 8 ?>4:@5?8BL A2>Q <=5=85 45;><. O => GB> <=5 >AB020;>AL? A;8 >BAB02:0 ?><>3;0 1K 45;C, O =5<54;5==> 8 =5 :>;51;OAL, ?>40; 1K ?@>H5=85. > 1K;> A>25@H5==> OA=>, GB> B0:>9 H03 ;8HL CAC3C18B ?>;>65=85. 8GB> =5 ?><>30;> ?>H0B=CBL B25@4>:0<5==KE 04<8@0;>2. >@O:0< 1K;> 4>AB0B>G=> C:070BL =0 ?>B5@8 2 :>@01;OE 8 2AO: A>3;0A8;AO 1K A =8<8. =5 2K:@CB8;8 @C:8, 8 O >AB028; =0<5@5=85 ?>A;0BL 45 >15:C =542CA 2>7>1=>2;5=88 0B0:8.

5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 ?KB0;AO CA?>:>8BL <5=O.

 

5@=>5 @5H5=85 (?8A0; >= 24 <0@B0), =5B A><=5=89 =04> ?>A;0BL BC40 0@B>;><5[29] 8 G5< A:>@55, B5< ;CGH5. K =0?@0A=> :07=8B5AL. 5@709B5 8 ?><=8B5 B5@O==K5 45AOBL :>;5= 7@08;52KE. K =5?@5<5==> ?>1548?B8<8AB! "0: 1K;> 2A5340!! %20;0 >3C. & >=C:09B5 0@B>;><5! 5 H;8B5 1>;55 B5;53@0< 84QB A2>8< G5@54>

 

>3 ;8 O, ?>A;5 2A53> GB> A;CG8;>AL, «=5 :07=8BLAO»? AB0;>AL 4>6840BLAO ?@>4>;65=8O. @028;L=> 2>;=>20BLAO, 8<5O : B>2>4 8 ?>:0 =5 C?CI5=> 2@5


;020 27. 4<8@0; 45 >15: <5=O5B ?;0=.

 

'B> 65 A;CG8;>AL C 0@40=5;;? @81K;0 0@<8O. >9A:0 A>1@0;8AL 157 <0;59H59 7045@6:8 A> AB>@>=K 4<8@0;B59AB20. /= 0<8;LB>= ?@85E0; =0 D@>=B 2 :0=C= 0B0:8 #7>AB59 8 CA?5; C2845BL >:>=G0=85 45;0 A <>AB8:0 «$0MB>=0». ">=CI85 1@>=5=>AFK, 284 8A:>25@:0==>3>, :@5=OI53>AO, 5;5 ?>;7CI53> 87 ?@>;820 «=D;5:A81;0», 7@5;8I5 ?0;C1 MA<8=F52 A> A3@C482H8<8AO =0 =8E A?0AQ==K<8 ;N4L<8 ?>@078;8 2>5=0G0;L=8:0. 0<8;LB>= C2845; 2 ?@>87>H54H5< ?>@065=85 8 2>A?K;0; 5AB5AB25==K< 4;O 53> @KF0@AB25==>9 =0BC@K 65;0=85< 1@>A8BAO =0 ?><>IL 8 A?0AB8 1@0BL52-<>@O:>2. = 2AB@52>68;AO 8 27O;AO @07@5H8BL ?@>1;5

0<8;LB>= ?@8=O;AO 70 >G5=L BO6Q;>5 8 A;>6=>5 45;>. = @5H8; ?><>GL D;>BC 2A5<, G5< B>;L:> 2>7<>6=> - 5A;8 <>@O:8 A0<8 ?>?@>AOB > ?><>I8. 5=5@0; 1K; 3>B>2 2KA048BLAO =0 >:>=5G=>AB8 ?>;C>AB@>20 8 70E20B8BL 2>72KH5==>AB8 8;84-0@0 5A;8 MB> AB0=5B 4;O D;>B0 A5@LQ7=K< ?>4A?>@L5<. > 2@5G5=L 1KAB@> 8AB5:0;>. "C@:8 :@5?8;8 >1>@>=C; =0 0;;8?>;8, 5654=52=> 8 565G0A=>, ?@81K20;8 2>9A:0. 25 =545;8 =0704 2KA04:0 40 000 G5;>25: =0 ?>;C>AB@>2 >1>H;0AL 1K 157 A5@LQ7=KE 70B@C4=5=89, => B5?5@L ?@8E>48;>AL 4@0BLAO 8 4@0BLAO 65AB>:>. "5< =5 <5=55, 35=5@0; Q@42C4, ;8G=> =01;N402H89 70 >1AB0=>2:>9 A =0G0;0 <0@B0, @20;AO 2 1>9, 65;0; 2KA048BLAO 2 B>< 8;8 8=>< <5AB5 8 1K; C25@5=, GB> @5H8B5;L=0O 0B0:0 A;><8B A>?@>B82;5=85.

> BCB, 2 ?5@2K9 @07 70 2AN ?@54KAB>@8N >?5@0F88 8BG5=5@ ?>72>;8; 2KA:070BLAO 35=HB01C 8 2KA;CH0; >H5;><8B5;L=K9 >B25B > BO6:>< A>AB>O=88 45;. KA04:0 ?>4 >3=Q< B@51C5B 1>;55 G5< A5@LQ7=KE ?@83>B>2;5=89. > =8G53> =5 3>B>2>. @5645 2A53>, 4;O B0:>3> 45A0=B0 =C6=0 A>@07<5@=0O A B@C4=>ABLN 45;0 ?@>?>@F8O >B;8G=> ?>43>B>2;5==KE A>;40B A@548 ;8G=>3> A>AB020. > 8E =5B. %@01@K5 8 :0: 8 >B206=K5 1>9FK >@A:>9 4828788, ?@>H;8 ;8HL G0AB8G=CN ?>43>B>2:C. !C40 A 29-9 48287859 5420 >B>H;8 >B 15@53>2 =3;88 8 =5 CA?5NB : @>;820< 4> ?5@2>9 =545;8 0?@5;O. > 5A;8 8 ?@81C4CB? !>;40B ?>3@C78;8 =0 4204F0BL 420 B@0=A?>@B0 157> 2AO:>9 >3;O4:8 =0 =5<54;5==K9 1>9 ?>A;5 2KA04:8. >5?@8?0AK ?>3@C78;8 =0 >4=> AC4=>, B@0=A?>@B=K5 A@54AB20 =0 4@C3>5, 0:> 2 B@N< 8 B0: 40;55. 5@54 =0G0;>< 1>O, 25;8:>;5?=K5 8 ?@5:@0A=> >1CG5==K5 1>9FK 4>;6=K 1C4CB 2KA048BLAO =0 15@53 =0 ?@8G0; 8;8 =0 15@53 2 <0;5=L:8E H;N?:0E ?> A?>:>9=>9 2>45 70B5< ?>;=>ABLN ?5@51@0BL 3@C7 8 >@30=87>20BLAO : A@065=8N. A53> MB>3> =5 ?>72>;O;8 CA;>28O 70;820 C4@>A (>AB@>2 5<=>A). >;55 B>3>: 60 000 G5;>25: CA?5;8 A>1@0BLAO C 0;;8?>;8 =0 @0AAB>O=88 C40@0, => AC40 A 70?0A0<8 @0AAK?0;8AL ?> 2A5<=><>@N. @<8O =5 @0725@=C;0 3>A?8B0;59, <548F8=A:89 ?5@A>=0; =5 4>1@0;AO 4> <5AB0.

/= 0<8;LB>= 2AB0; ?5@54 C60A=K< 2K1>@><. 3> >D8F5@K C:07K20;8 =0 >?0A=>ABL ?@><54;5=8O, => 2>2A5 =5 AB@5<8;8AL 84B8 2 =5>@30=87>20==CN 0B0:C. 5=5@0; @5H8; ?5@525AB8 HB01 8 2AN 40@40=5;;LA:CN 0@<8N A 5<=>A0 2 ;5:A0=4@8N, 8 ?>43>B>28BLAO : >A=>2=>9 >?5@0F88 2 38?B5, >AB0282 C @>;82>2 ;8HL =5<=>3> 2>9A: 4;O 2A?><>30B5;L=KE =C64.

5 >15: 2KH5; 87 45;0 18 <0@B0 2 ?>;=>9 @5H8<>AB8 2>7>1=>28BL 0B0:C ?@8 ?5@2>9 65 2>7<>6=>AB8. > 24@C3 8 =5>6840==> 2 =Q< ?@>87>H;0 ?5@5<5=0, ME> :>B>@>9 4>:0B8;>AL 4> 4<8@0;B59AB20. 22 <0@B0 =0 1>@BC «C8= -;87015B» A>1@0;>AL A>25I0=85: 04<8@0; 45 >15:, 04<8@0; #M<8AA, AM@ /= 0<8;LB>=, 35=5@0; Q@42C4, 35=5@0; @59B259B 8 :M?B5= >;;5=.

0<8;LB>= ?8H5B:

 

0: B>;L:> <8@0; 45 >15: 70O28;: B5?5@L A>25@H5==> OA=>, GB> 157 CG0AB8O 2 >?5@0F88 2A5E <>8E 2>9A: ?@>@K2 =52>7<>65=.

IQ 2 =3;88, 2A5 28;8AL =5 3>2>@8BL <>@O:0< =8 A;>20, 1C4L >=> 2 ?>;L7C 8;8 ?@>B82 ACE>?CB=>9 8;8 09 >?5@0F89 8 =5 2<5H820BLAO 2 @01>BC D;>B0, GB> 1K ?CB=K5 ;N48, =5 45@60;8 2 3>;>25, ?>:0 A0<8 <>@O:8 =5 ?@84CB : =0< 8 =5 A:06CB: D;>B >AB028; D>@A8@>20=88 @>;82>2 >4=>9 <>@A:>9 A8;>9.

2>B >=8 ?@8H;8&

>;55 A;>2 =5 B@51>20;>AL. K =5<54;5==> ?5@5H;8 : >1AC645=8N ACE>?CB=>9 >?5@0F88.[30]

 

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«A;8 2K =094QB5, GB> ?>;L70 45;0 B@51C5B <0AHB01=>9 =075<=>9 >?5@0F88, >1O70B5;L=> A>3;0AC9B5 5Q A 0<8;LB>=><, :>340 >= ?@81C45B =0 <5AB>». > MB8 A;>20 =5 1K;8 8 - A CGQB>< :>=B5:AB0 - =8:0: =5 <>3;8 ?>A;C68BL ?@54;>3>< 4;O ?>;=>3> ?@5:@0I5=8O <>@A:>9 0B0:8 8 70<5=K 5Q >4=8<8 CA8;8O<8 0@<88.

>=D5@5=F8O 22 <0@B0 ?@8=O;0 : 8A?>;=5=8N 420 BO6:8E ?> A2>8< ?>A;54AB28O< @5H5=8O: 2>-?5@2KE, <>@A:0O 0B0:0 >B<5=O5BAO 2 C3>4C 35=5@0;L=><88; 2>-2B>@KE, A0<0 0@<8O CE>48B 4;O ?>43>B>2:8 : 0B0:5 2 ;5:A0=4@8N, =5A<>B@O =0 =587156=CN 2 MB>< A;CG05 B@QE=545;L=CN, 0 B> 8 1>;55, 7045@6:C. > 45;0BL 1K;> =5G53>: 2>9A:0 ?@81K;8 A;8H:>< ?>74=>, 2 ?>;=>9 =53>B>2=>AB8 : =5<54;5==K< 459AB28O< 8 ?@>25;8 2@56840O, GB> D;>B A45;05B 2AQ 8 157 =8E.

> 8 2 >3@><=>9 <5@5 8728=8< 04<8@0;0, 5A;8 ?>A<>B@8< =0 45;> 3;070<8 <>@O:0. >@01;8 =5 2K7K20NB A5=B8<5=B0;L=KE GC2AB2 C ?>;8B8:0 8;8 A>;40B0. ;O =0A MB> ?@>AB> 2>5==K5 <0H8=K: 8E 4>;6=> 8A?>;L7>20BL, 8<8 <>6=> @8A:=CBL 8 5A;8 =04> ?>B@0B8BL 4;O >1I53> 45;0, 4;O =C64 B5G5AB20. ! MB>9 B>G:8 7@5=8O, :0640O 687=L <>@O:0 8;8 A>;40B0 - 15AF5==0, => AB0@K9, ?@54=07=0G5==K9 =0 A;>< 1@>=5=>A5F 2A53> ;8HL >@C485 2>9=K, 3>4OI55AO ?@8 4>;6=KE 70?0A0E A=0@O4>2 @0725 GB> 4;O AB@5;L1K ?> C:@5?;5=8O< 8 4;O ?>445@6:8 ?5E>B=KE 0B0:. > 4;O 04<8@0;0, A 53> ?>;>65=85< 8 2>A?8B0=85<, AB0@K9 1@>=5=>A5F A2OB. = 1K; ?5@259H8< =0 D;>B5 ;8=:>@><, :>340 B5?5@5H=89 2KA>:89 G8= B>340 <>;>4>9 >D8F5@ 2?5@2K5 27>HQ; =0 53> ?0;C1C. ;O 04<8@0;0 ?>7>@=> 8 4065 =87:> 2K1@>A8BL :>@01;L, A :>B>@K< >= A2O70= 4>;38<8 3>40<8 A;C61K, : :>B>@>= B0: ?@82K:. >@>48ABK9 <5E0=87<, ?@54<5B <=>38E ?@82O70==>AB59, ?;02CG89 4>< 8 :@5?>ABL 15A?><>I=> CE>48B ?> 2>4C =52>7<>6=>5, >B2@0B8B5;L=>5 4;O <>@A:>3> G5;>25:0 7@5;8I5. !>;40B 8 HB0BA:89 A C4>2>;LAB285< >B<5BOB, GB> 206=>5 45;> 18 <0@B0 >:>=G8;>AL A> A:@><=K<8 ?>B5@O<8: 420 8;8 B@8 =8:C4KH=KE :>@01;O, <5=55 B@QE 45AOB:>2 1@8B0=A:8E 687=59 - 1>;55 G5< AE>4=0O ?;0B0 70 25A> 04<8@0; 45 >15: A:>@15;, C=K=85 ?@8=870;> 53> 4> <>730 :>AB59. "5 65 M<>F88 28B0;8 2:@C3 04<8@0;B59A:>3> AB>;0 70A540=89.

>=5A5=8O 45 >15:0 8 0<8;LB>=0 ?@>B82>@5G82K. 4<8@0; ?8H5B, GB> 87<5=8; <=5=85 ?>A;5 «?@54;>65=89» 35=5@0;0, 0 35=5@0; =542CA C:07K205B: «0: B>;L:> <8@0; 45 >15: 70O28;: B5?5@L A>25@H5==> OA=>, GB> 157 CG0AB8O 2 >?5@0F88 2A5E <>8E 2>9A: ?@>@K2 =52>7<>65=». >B 2>7<>6=>5 >1JOA=5=85: 4> 25G5@0 21 <0@B0 45 >15: 4C<0;, GB> 0@<88 =8:0: =5 ?>72>;5=> HBC@<>20BL ?>;C>AB@>2, => B>;L:> 70=OBL ;8=88 C;08@0 ?>A;5 B>3> :0: D;>B D>@A8@C5B @>;82K. > 04<8@0; >B:070;AO >B <>@A:>9 0B0:8 8 ?@83;0A8; 0@<8N >B:@KBL ?@>E>4, :0: B>;L:> C7=0;, GB> 0<8;LB>= A2>1>45= 2 2K1>@5, <>65B 0B0:>20BL 345 C3>4=> 8 3>B>2 2KA048BL 2A5 =0;8G=K5 2>9A:0 =0 N6=>9 >:>=5G=>AB8 ?>;C>AB@>20, 5A;8 D;>B ?@54;>68B 5.

>6=> :0: C3>4=> >1JOA=OBL ?>2545=85 >15:0, => 53> B5;53@0<<0 @5H8;0 2AQ. 4<8@0;B59AB25 >=0 A?;>B8;0 ?@>B82=8:>2 >?5@0F88, =0 D@>=B5 ?@8:>20;0 : <5ABC D;>B.

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« 26 <0@B0 ?OBL BC@5F:8E 4828789 AB>O;8 ?> >15 AB>@>=K @0<>@=>3> <>@O. "5?5@L @0A?>;>65=85 2>9A: ?@54AB>O;> A>25@H5==> 87<5=8BL, <=5 =04;560;> ?>;=>ABLN >B>9B8 >B ?@8=F8?>2 ?@56=53> :><0=4>20=8O: >=8 @0ABO=C;8 2>9A:0 24>;L 15@530 ?>4>1=> ?5@54>2K< 70AB020< 4>1@>3> AB0@>3> 2@5<5=8 8 1K;8 3>B>2K 2AB@5B8BL 2@065A:89 45A0=B 2 ;N1>< ?C=:B5 ?>15@56LO, 157 2AO:8E @575@2>2 4;O 1KAB@>9 8 M=5@38G=>9 :>=B@0B0:8».[31]

204F0BL B@5BL53> <0@B0 O A ?@8A:>@185< A>>1I8; 018=5BC: ?>A:>;L:C 04<8@0; 8 04<8@0;B59AB2> =5 A>3;0A=K A ?@>4>;65=85< <>@A:>9 0B0:8, OI55 2@5;6=K >B =5Q >B:070BLAO. 0G8=0O >B 023CAB0 1914 3>40, D;>B ?@8=O; <=>65AB2> >1O70B5;LAB2 8 4> A53> 2@5<5=8 >B;8G=> A =8<8 A?@02;O;AO. "5?5@L O =0?><=8; ?@5<8=8AB@C, 8BG5=5@C 8 2A5 <>6=> ?>?@>ABC ?@5:@0B8BL 2AQ ?@54?@8OB85 8 ?@8:@KBL ?@>20; 70E20B>< ;5:A0=4@5BBK. K ?>B5@O;8 =5A:>;L:> :>@01;59 <8=8<0;L=>9 F5==>AB8 8 5A;8 ?>AG8B0BL C18BKE 8 @0=5=KE ?>=5A;8 <5=LH89 C@>=, G5< ?@8 ;N1>9 2K;07:5 87 B@0=H59 =0 70?04=>< D@>=B5. / =5 <>3 >160;>20BL @5H5=8O 04<8@0;>2, => 40; ?>=OBL, GB> 3>B>2 : 65AB:>??>=8@>20=8N. > 0@3C<5=BK =5 ?@83>48;8AL. >340 45;0 ?@8=8<0;8 A:25@=K9 >1>@>B, ;>@4 8BG5=5@ =587156=> 2>AAB020; 2> 2AQ< 25;8:>;5?88. #25@5==K9, 2=CH8B5;L=K9 8 @KF0@AB25==K9, >= 2KABC?8; 157C?@5G=>. $5;L4<0@H0;, 2 =5<=>38E A;>20E, 27O; =0 A51O >B25BAB25==>ABL ?@>25AB8 >?5@0F8N 2>5==K<8 A8;0<8. !>3;0A=>5 <=5=85 D@>=B>2KE 35=5@0;0, 04<8@0;0 8 70O2;5=85 8BG5=5@0 =5 4>?CA:0;8 48A:CAA89. ?@>B>:>;0E 018=5B0 8 >5==>3> A>25B0 =8:0: =5 C?> >D8F80;L=>5 @5H5=85 > ACE>?CB=>9 0B0:5. A?><=8< 4>;385 A?>@K 8 BI0B5;L=>5 87CG5=85 2>?@>A0 ?@>;>3 : :C40 :0: <5=55 @8A:>20==>9 8 4>@>3>AB>OI59 ?>?KB:5 ?@>@K20 >4=8< D;>B>< 8 ?>48289 8AB>@88 15AA;>25A=>3> ?@K6:0 2 3@0=48>7=CN 2>5==CN 020=BN@C. "@8 <5AOF0 =0704 B0:>5 @5H5=85 AB0;> 1K >?@0240==K<, 206=K< 8 157>?0A=K< H03><. > B5?5@L!

8BG5=5@ @5H8; HBC@<>20BL 0;;8?>;8 0@<859 2 C25@5==>AB8, GB> 4;O ?>43>B>2:8 E20B8B 8 >4=>9 =545;8. 0B5<, 16 D52@0;O, >= >B<5=8; >B?@02:C 29-9 4828788, ?@8:070; @0A?CAB8BL B@0=A?>@BK, >AB028; 2>?@>A 157 @5H5=8O 2?;>BL 4> 10 <0@B0, ?>72>;8; 2>9A:0< 3@C78BLAO =0 AC40 2 15A?>@O4:5, 157 2AO:>3> CGQB0 3@O4CI53> 1>O 8 =0:@5?:> AB@5=>68; A0< A51O. "5?5@L >= <>3 2K18@0BL ;8HL <564C >B<5=>9 45;0 8;8 4>;38<8 =545;O<8 ?@83>B>2;5=89 ?5@54 ;8F>< :>?OI8EAO B@C4=>AB59 8 >?0A=>AB59. > <0@H0; =5 >B:070;AO, =0>1>@>B @5H8B5;L=> 27O;AO 70 @01>BC 8 A>1KB8O ?>H;8 A2>8< G5@54><.

/ =5 >AB028; =04564K, GB> 402;5=85 A <>@O ?CABL 4065 8 >3@0=8G5==>5 ?@8=5AQB =5:>B>@K9 CA?5E, 2>>4CH528B 04<8@0;0 =0 2>7>1=>2;5=85 0B0:8 8 >1;53G8B BO6:89 C45; 0@<88.

> >15: =5 A>3;0H0;AO 8 =0 >3@0=8G5==CN >?5@0F8N. = 8 53> HB01 ?>;=>ABLN >B40;8AL @07@01>B:5 A;>6=>3> 8 3> ?;0=0 2KA04:8 0@<88 A <>@O. 0 F5;K9 <5AOF >@C48O «C8= -;87015B» =5 40;8 =8 >4=>3> 2KAB@5;0; =8 >48= 87 :>@01;59 =5 ?>B@52>68; =5?@8OB5;O. / =5 <>3 2KB0I8BL 45;> 87 1>;>B0. AQ >15@=C;>AL ?@>B82 <5=O.

"5< 2@5<5=5<, 1@8B0=A:85 =0G0;LAB25==K5 :@C38 2>>1@078;8 >1>@>=C 0@40=5;; =5A>:@CH8<>9. #7>AB8 ?@53@048; <5=B0;L=K9 10@L5@ =52848=8F054=> >@C685 =8G53> =5 7=0G8;> ?@>B82 MB>9 AB5=K. C<0E CB25@48;>AL A;>2> «5B» 8 =8GB> =5 <>3;> ?>:>;510BL MB>3> <=5=8O. / 1>;55 =5 <>3 ?>25@=CBL @C:>2>48B5;59 4<8@0;B59AB20 8 >5==K9 A>25B : @5H8B5;L=K< 459AB28O<, =5 <>3 ?>4283=CBL =0 45;> 8 ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40. N1>5 A>1@0=85 @5H0;> >48=0:>2> «5B!» 8 A28=F>2>5 >B@8F0=85 :@CH8;> B>, GB> O ?>G8B0; =04564>N 2A53> 2>NNI53> <8@0. 5AOF A?CABO 04<8@0; 45 >15: 2=O; 4>1;5AB=>[32] 8 ?@54;>68; ?>2B>@8BL 0B0:C A <>@O. "I5B=>. @5. / =5 A<>3 A>2;040BL A C25A8ABK< «5B» 8 2A:>@5 A40;AO. "I5B=K<8 >:06CBAO 8 CA8;8O #M<8AA0: >= A<5=8B 45 >15:0, ?@8<5B ?;0= 8970 8 157CA?5H=> ?>?KB05BAO C2;5GL 70 A>1>9 =>2>5 @C:>2>4AB2> 4<8@0;B59AB20. "I5B=K<8 AB0=CB 8 B@C4K A0<>3> 8970: >A5=LN, 2 >:BO1@5; B>340 >= >B:;>=8B ?>AB =0G0;L=8:0 HB010 8 ?>A?5H8B 2 >=4>=, : 8BG5=5@C 8 <>5<=8:C E>40B09AB2>20BL >1 0B0:5. ! >1I53> A>3;0A8O ?>1548;> «5B»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

> 5A;8 1K D;>B ?>?KB0;AO 5IQ @07, B> =0HQ; 1K 425@L >B?5@B>9. #;CGH5==K< B@0;LI8:0< >AB0;>AL 2K1@0BL =5<=>385 >AB02H85AO 2 -@5=-Q9 <8=K. 0H8 ?>B5@8 1K;8 =5 =0?@0A=K. >9 18 <0@B0 <>3 2>7>1=>28BLAO 4065 <5AOF A?CABO 2 8A:;NG8B5;L=> 1;03>?@8OB=KE CA;>28OE 8, :0: MB> ?@54AB02;O5BAO A53>4=O, 1K; 1K >:>=G5= 2 =5A:>;L:> G0A>2 A 548=AB25==> 2>7<>6=K< @57C;LB0B><. "5?5@L ;0305< A5:@5B=K<8 8 =5>?@>25@68<030<8 8 B>G=> 7=05<: 2@03 8AG5@?0; 1>5?@8?0AK.

$;>BC >AB0;>AL ;8HL =5<=>3> ?@>428=CBLAO 2?5@Q4 8 ?@8ABC?8BL : 1><10@48@>2:5, GB>1K >B:@KBL 2>AE8B8B5;L=CN ?@024C ?@>B82=8:, ?> ACB8, 8AB@0B8; A=0@O4K 2 ?@54K4CI5< 1>N. K A ;Q3:>ABLN >1=0@C68;8 1K B>, GB> 8725AB=> A53>4=O: C :064>9 87 BO6Q;KE ?CH5: 548=AB25==> A?>A>1=KE ?>2@548BL 1@>=8@>20==K< :>@01;O< >AB0;>AL =5 1>;55 4204F0B8 A=0@O4>2.

>:0 >;30@8O =5 ?@8A>548=8;0AL : &5=B@0;L=K< 45@6020<, =8 >48= BO6Q;K9 A=0@O4 =5 <>3 ?>?0ABL 87 5@<0=88 2 "C@F8N. 48= ;8HL 2KE>4 B@0;LI8:>2 >B:@K; 1K =0< B>, GB> < B5?5@L: C 2@030 70:>=G8;8AL <8=K. >=AB0=B8=>?>;5 =5 >AB020;>AL 8 4N68=K <8=, =8 ?@82O7=KE, =8 ?;02CG8E; =8 >4=0 <8=0 8 =8 >48= A=0@O4 =5 <>3;8 ?>4>A?5BL @0=LH5 G5< G5@57 4>;385 H5ABL <5AOF52.

HB015 35@<0=A:>3> 3;02:><0 =04 BC@5F:8<8 2>9A:0<8, 8<0=0 D>= !0=45@A0, ?>=8<0;8 BO65ABL ?>;>65=8O. D8F80;L=>5 <=5=85 >4=>3> 87 HB01=KE >D8F5@>2:

 

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

 

D8F80;L=0O 1@8B0=A:0O 8AB>@8O:

 

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

 

A=>20:

 

=0G8B5;L=0O 4>;O <8= 2 452OB8 @O40E 703@0645=89 ?@>1K;0 2 2>45 H5ABL <5AOF52, 8 <>65< ?@54?>;>68BL, GB> 1>;LH0O 8E G0ABL ;81> C?;K;0 ?> B5G5=8N, ;81> ?>3@C78;0AL =0 3;C18=C, 8A:;NG0NICN :>=B0:B A :>@01;Q<. !B>8B C:070BL =0 CAB0@52HCN :>=AB@C:F8N <=>38E ?>42>4=KE 70@O4>2. 8=K >B=N4L =5 >B;8G0;8AL =04Q6=>ABLN, 8E 1K;> <0;>: 2 A@54=5<, >=8 >BAB>O;8 4@C3 >B 4@C30 =0 452O=>AB> O@4>2 ?@>A25B 2 B@8 @070 ?@52KH0NI89 =081>;LHCN H8@8=C :>@01;O.

 

"C@5F:>5 >D8F80;L=>5 <=5=85:

 

#G8BK20O 206=>ABL F5;8, 2@03C AB>8;> ?@5=51@5GL >B=>A8B5;L=> <0;K<8 ?>B5@O<8, ?>9B8 =0 ?>2B>@=K9 HBC@< A 1>;LH8<8 A8;0<8 8, ?> 2A59 25@>OB=>AB8, ?@>@20BLAO G5@57 ?@>;82K ?> <>@N. & D>@BC 0<8485 >AB0;>AL ;8HL ?OBL 8;8 45AOBL A=0@O4>2, B0: 65 <0;> 8 C 10B0@59 52@>?59A:>9 AB>@>=K.

 

#65 2 4=8 0@40=5;; :0:-B> A2845B5;LAB2CNB B5;53@0<<8@0;B59AB20 O =5 A><=520;AO, GB> 0@<8O @8A:C5B :C40 :0: A8;L=55 D;>B0 8 GB> ACE>?CB=0O >?5@0F8O 2AB0=5B :C40 :0: 4>@>65 <>@A:>9, 5A;8 <5@8BL AB>8<>ABL 45;0 687=O<8 <>@O:>2 8 A>;40B. @54B25@48;> =0H8 B>340H=85 ?>4>7@5=8O > :@8B8G5A:>9 A;01>AB8 2@065A:>9 >1>@>=K ?5@54 0B0:>9 A <>@O. > =8:B> =5 ?@542845; 8AB8==>9 A8;K BC@5F:>3> A>?@>B82;5=8O =0 ACH5. >5==>5 254> >F5=8;> >1I85 ?>B5@8 ?@8 2KA04:5 8 2 ?>A;54CNI59, @5H8B5;L=>9 8 CA?5H=>9 >?5@0F88 :0: 5 000 G5;>25:. 0 45;5, >48= ;8HL :@>E>B=K9 8 =8G53> =5 @5H0NI89 ?;0F40@< =0 >:>=5G=>AB8 ?>;C>AB@>20 >1>HQ;AO 2 13 000 @0=5=KE 8 ?KB:8 @0AH8@8BL 70E20G5==K9 CG0AB>: >1>H;8AL :C40 :0: 4>@>65. MB> 157 40;L=59H8E ?>B5@L 8 C1K;8 2 A>;40B0E 70 =5A:>;L:> <5AOF52 - >B 4=O 2KA04:8 4> A@065=8O C !C2;K; 157 A>@>:0BKAOG=KE ?>B5@L 2 A0<>< MB>< A@065=88; 157 20 000 65@B2 >B !C2;K 4> M20:C0F88.

>>1@078<, GB> ?>;>B=> 8725AB=KE B5?5@L A>1KB89 8AB>2K9 35@>87< 25 0?@5;O, 3815;L =04564 2 <05, 023CAB>2A:0O B@03548O, ?>H0B=C2H89 <8@ 45:01@LA:89 :@0E GC45A=K< >1@07>< @072>@0G8205BAO ?5@54 3;070<8 ?@028B5;59 B5E 4=59, ?5@54 3>AC40@AB25==K<8 :>@B25BAB25==K<8 A>>1@065=8O<8. >65< ;8 <=520BLAO, GB> ?@8 2845 MB>9 :0@B8=K 2;0ABL 8G;8 1K 70 1;03> B2Q@4> 8 =5C:>A=8B5;L=> =0AB0820BL =0 <>@A:>9 0B0:5, =0 =5?@5@5:05<>< 8A?>;=5=88 ?@8:07>2, =0 =5?@5;>6=>AB8 2708<=KE >1O70B5;LAB2?


;020 28. 5@2>5 ?>@065=85 35@<0=A:8E AC1<0@8=.

 

%@>=>;>38G5A:8 2K45@60==0O ?>A;54>20B5;L=>ABL :;NG : ?>25AB2>20=8N. > 5A;8 ?>B>: A>1KB89 @0718205BAO =0 @C:020, =0< =587156=> <5=OBL E>4 @0AA:070, >B18@0BL M?87>4K 8 =07=0G0BL 8< ?@8>@8B5BK. 0:85-B> 45;0 ?@8E>48BAO >AB02;OBL 2 AB>@>=5 4> >:>=G0=8O 3;02=>9 8=B@838, 8 ;8HL 70B5< 2>72@0I0BLAO 8 A?5H8BL A >?8A0=85<, =5>1E>48<> 7045@602H8AL =0 AB0@B5.

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

>340 - 2 1911 3>4C - O ?@8HQ; 2 4<8@0;B59AB2>, D;>B @0A?>;030; 57 AC1<0@8=0<8 (11 CAB0@52H8E :;0AA0 «», 11 «B», 33 «!» 8 2 «D») ?@>B82 15 35@<0=A:8E, => 2A5 =0H8 ;>4:8, 70 8A:;NG5=85< 42CE AC1<0@8= :;0AA0 «D» <>3;8 459AB2>20BL B>;L:> 21;878 >B 1@8B0=A:8E 15@53>2. =8 =5 <>3;8 =8 A>?@>2>640BL D;>B, =8 2KE>48BL 2 4>;3>5 02B>=><=>5 ?;020=85, 2 B> 2@5<0=A:8E AC1<0@8= =8G5< =5 CABC?0;8 =0H8< 42C< «D». "@8 ?@542>5==KE 3>40 <>53> <8=8AB5@AB20 ?>42>4=>9 A;C61>9 @C:>2>48; :><<>4>@ 897. ! 1912 3>40 4>7@520BL 2 <>@A:8E AC1<0@8=0E =>2K9 A?>A>1 1;>:04K 35@<0=A:8E ?>@B>2 157 =C64K 2 <8=>=>AF0E 8 ?@>G8E =042>4=KE :>@01;OE. ">340 =0G0;0AL A8AB5<0B8G5A:0O @01>B0 =04 1>;LH8<8 AC1<0@8=0<8: <>@A:8<8 8 4065 >:50=A:8<8. K @07@01>B0;8 :;0AA «E» 8 8=K5 - >48= 8;8 420 - B8?K ?>42>4=KE ;>4>: 4065 1>;LH53> B>==060, => AB>;:=C;8AL A A5@LQ7=K<8 B5E=8G5A:8<8 B@C4=>ABO<8, ?>AB>O==K<8, 2 2KAH59 AB5?5=8 =5?@8OB=K<8 7045@6:0<8 :>=B@035=B>2 8 <5645?0@B0<5=BA:8<8 04<8@0;B59A:8<8 ?@>2>;>G:0<8. -:A?5@8<5=BK A :@C?=K<8 ;>4:0<8 45;0;8 ?5@2K5 H038 8 AB0B:0 2 :@8B8:5: <=>385 M:A?5@BK A><=520;8AL 2 A0<>9 2>7<>6=>AB8 >4>;5BL B5E=8G5A:85 B@C4=>AB8 8 ?>AB@>8BL AC1<0@8=C 2>4>87<5I5=85< 1>;55 :0:>3>-B> ?@545;0. ><8<> ?@>G53>, A>2>:C?=>ABL 459AB2CNI8E :>=B@0:B>2 D0:B8G5A:8 70:@5?8;0 <>=>?>;8N =0 AB@>8B5;LAB2> AC1<0@8= 70 >4=>9 G0AB=>9 D8@<>9; :070;8AL CI5<;5=K 4065 2 2>7<>6=>AB8 M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE @01>B. 1912 3>4C, ?> A>25BC 8970, 4<8@0;B59AB2> @07>@20;> >?CB02HCN 45;> A5BL :>=B@0:B=KE >1O70B5;LAB2 8 ?5@540;> 70:07K =0 @07;8G=K5 B8?K AC1<0@8= 25@DO< ;0940 8 "09=0. K 70:C?8;8 D@0=FC7A:85 8 8B0;LO=A:85 ?>42>4=K5 ;>4:8 A @0AGQB>< BI0B5;L=> 87CG8BL 8E :>=AB@C:F88 8 G5 =0CG8BLAO. > 45;> H;> <54;5==>, :064K9 H03 4020;AO 2 1>;LH8E A><=5=8OE.

=0G0;C 2>9=K, @8B0=8O CA?5;0 ?>AB@>8BL 74 AC1<0@8=K; 31 ;>4:0 AB@>8;0AL, 14 ?@>5:B8@>20;8AL, =0 =5:>B>@K5 87 ?@>5:B>2 @07<5I0;8AL 70:07K. 5@<0=8O @0A?>;030;0 33 3>B>2K<8 8 28 AB@>OI8<8AO AC1<0@8=0<8. > A@548 74 ?>AB@>5==KE 1@8B0=A:8E ;8HL 18 (8 «E» 8 10 «D») <>3;8 2KE>48BL 40;5:> 2 <>@5, 2 B> 2@5B>2KE 35@<0=A:8E <>@A:8<8 1K;8 =5 <5=55 28. 5;> >15@=C;>AL B0:, GB> 8;8 1>;LH>9 ?>42>4=K9 D;>B 4;O 70I8BK A>1AB25==KE 15@53>2 >B 2B>@65=8O 8 4;O >1>@>=K 3020=59 @8B0=88, => =5 8<5;8 =C6=>3> G8A;0 <>@A:8E AC1<0@8= 4;O ?>;=>9 ?>42>4=>9 1;>:04K 5;L3>;0=4A:>9 1CEBK, 2 B> 2@5<0=FK >?5@560;8 =0A ?> :>;8G5AB2C ?>42>4=KE ;>4>: <>@A:>3> :;0AA0.

5 AB>8B 45;0BL E>@>HCN <8=C ?@8 ?;>E>9 83@5 2>;L=K ?>4>1=K< A>AB>O=85< 45;. ! 4@C3>9 AB>@>=K, =5B EC40 157 4>1@0 - 38?>B5B8G5A:0O ?@542>5==0O ?@>3@0<<0 AB@>8B5;LAB20 >3@><=>3> ?>42>4=>3> D;>B0 2?>;=5 <>3;0 1K >B:;8:=CBLAO B0:8<8 65, 0 B> 8 1>;55 <0AHB01=K<8 459AB28O<8 35@<0=A:>9 AB>@>=K. ">340 AB@0=0 >:070;0AL 1K 2 >?0A=>AB8 157> 2AO:>9 2>7<>6=>AB8 ?0@8@>20BL 5Q 2>7@>AH8< G8A;>< A>1AB25==KE ?>42>4=KE ;>4>:. G5=L <>65B AB0BLAO, GB> =0 45;5 2AQ >15@=C;>AL : ;CGH5

=0G0;C 2>9=K, =8 1@8B0=A:>5, =8 35@<0=A:>5 04<8@0;B59AB20 =5 ?>=8<0;8, =0 GB> 3>48BAO AC1<0@8=0. 'B>1K >B:@KBL 8A:;NG8B5;L=K5 2>7<>6=>AB8 =>2>3> >@C68O, ?>=04>18;>AL >?@>1>20BL 53> 2 AC@>2KE 1>52KE CA;>28OE. @>B82=K5 AB>@>=K =5<54;5==> =0H;8, GB> 1>;LH85 ;>4:8 <>3CB >AB020BLAO 2 <>@5 >4=8, 157 ?>445@6:8 8 ?5@5@K20 =0 >B4KE :><0=4 ?> 2>A5 E>4C 2>9=K >10 D;>B0 1KAB@> C42>8;8 8 CB@>8;8 MB> 2@5AL, AC1<0@8=0 ?5@5=>A8B HB>@< 8 ?;>ECN ?>3>4C ;53G5 ?@>G8E :>@01;59. ?KBK 1>52>3> ?@8<5=5=8O AC1<0@8=, @57C;LB0BK ?@545;L=>3> =0?@O65=8O G5;>25G5A:8E A8; 8 AB>9:>AB8 070@B=> 8 =5<54;5==> @0A?@>AB@0=O;AO A@548 ?>42>4=8:>2 C<5;KE, >?KB=KE, 2KA>:>>1@07>20==KE >D8F5@>2, <0B@>A>2 8 8=65=5@>2.

>:0 =5 ?@8H;0 2>9=0, 2>7<>6=>AB8 AC1<0@8= >AB020;8AL A>:@KBK, => =8<0;8 4@C3>5 2>7<>6=K5 7040G8 ?>42>4=>3> D;>B0.

:>=F5 1913 3>40 $8H5@ 2K?CAB8; =0HC<52H89 <5<>@0=4C<. BAB02=>9 ?5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 ?8A0;, GB> 5@<0=8O <>65B =0?@028BL AC1<0@8=K ?@>B82 B>@3>2;8; ?>4;>4:8 =5 AB0=CB >3;O4K20BLAO =0 70:>=K 2>9=K 8 =5 AB0=CB C2>48BL :C?F>2 2 ?>@B, => 1C4CB ?>?@>ABC B>?8BL 8E =0 <5AB5. "5E=8G5A:89 ?> 1>;LH59 G0AB8 4>:C<5=B >1O70= ?>O2;5=85< =0 A25B 1;8609H54286=8:C $8H5@0 :0?8B0=C !.!.%0;;C - => 2AO 0@3C<5=B0F8O <5<>@0=4C<0 >A=>20=0 8 2KAB@>5=0 8<5==> 8 B>;L:> =0 273;O40E AB0@>3> 04<8@0;0. / 04@5A>20; 70?8A:C $8H5@0 <>@A:8< ;>@40< 8 B5E=8G5A:8< 45?0@B0<5=B0< 4;O =5<54;5==>3> >B7K20.

$8H5@ ?@54?>;030;, GB> 35@<0=FK 1C4CB B>?8BL 157>@C6=KE B>@3>2F52 157 2AO:>3> 4>A<>B@0 8 =5 ?KB0OAL A?0AB8 :><0=4K - =8 ?5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4, =8 O A MB8< =5 A>3;0A8;8AL. >4>1=K9 <5B>4 3=CA5=, ?@>B82>@5G8B AB0@>402=8< 2>5==K< 70:>=0< 8 B@048F8>==>9 <>@A:>9 ?@0:B8:5. @8=F C8 =0?8A0; <=5, GB> 70<5G0B5;L=K9 4>:C<5=B $8H5@0 «8A?>@G5= ?>4>1=K< ?@54?>;>65=85<ý».

&828;87>20==0O =0F8O =5 ?@8153=5B : B0:><5B>4C 2>9=K 4065 8 =0 :@0N ?>@065=8O , 81> 8=>5 ?@54?>;>65=85 =5<54;5==> ?@82>48;> : =587156=>4C: 5A;8 B0:>5 A;CG8BAO, 25AL <8@ 2KABC?8B ?@>B82 5@<0=88. $;>B 459AB2CNI89 157 4>A<>B@0 =5 A?>A>15= >B;8G8BL 2@065A:>5 AC4=> >B =59B@0;L=>3> 8 =587156=K5 >H81:8 =5 3>2>@O C65 > <>@0;L=>< =53>4>20=88 2K=C4OB A8;L=KE =59B@0;>2 >1JO28BL 2>9=C ?8@0BA:>AC40@AB2C. > $8H5@ 25@=> >F5=8; 35@<0=F52. 4<8@0;B59AB2> 701;C640;>AL. <5AB5 A B5<, 5A;8 1K 3;0A8;8AL A $8H5@><, B@C4=> ?@54?>;>68BL, :0:85 4>2>5==K5 459AB28O A<>3;8 1K 70I8B8BL =0A >B ?>4>1=KE 0B0:.

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

A;8 3>2>@8BL > 2@5<5=8 <>53> <8=8AB5@AB20, O =5 <>3C >128=8BL 4>2>5==>5 @C:>2>4AB2> 4<8@0;B59AB20 2 =525@=>9 ?>42>4=>9 AB@0B5388 8 =8 2 :>59 <5@5 =5 ?@87=0N ?@52>AE>4AB20 35@<0=A:8E ?>42>4=8:>2. K =5 CABC?0;8 2@03C =8 2 C<5=88, =8 2 ?@54?@88AB8. 0>1>@>B, O 70O2;ON 8 ?@54>AB02;N =0 MB8E AB@0=8F0E 4>:070B5;LAB20: =5?@5@K2=0O, <5AOF 70 <5AOF5<, G5@540 ?>4283>2 1@8B0=A:8E AC1<0@8= =5>?@>25@68<> 3>2>@8B > =0H5< ?@52>AE>4AB25. =3;89A:>42>4=>BC ?><5H0;> ;8HL >4=>, =5?>42;0AB=>5 =0< >1AB>OB5;LAB2>: =5E20B:0 F5;59. 5A:>;L:> @07 35@<0=FK 2K2>48;8 2 <>@5 1KAB@K5 :>@01;8; 8=>340 8 2>?@5:8 >6840=8O< A;CG0;AO @594 >48=>:>3> :@59A5@0; $;>B B:@KB>3> >@O 2KE>48; 4;O :@0B:8E, 4>B>H=> ?>43>B>2;5==KE 8 BI0B5;L=> ?@8:@KBKE 45<>=AB@0F89, => 2AQ >AB0;L=>5 2@5B B>@?54 >AB020;AO 2 3020=OE; =5<5F:0O B>@3>2;O >3@0=8G8;0AL >4=>9 B>;L:> 0;B8:>9. ! =0H59 AB>@>=K, 2A5 >:50=K :8H5;8 1@8B0=A:8<8 B>@3>2K<8 AC40<8 45AOB:8 :C?F>2 ?@8E>48;8 8 CE>48;8 5654=52=>. >5==K9 D;>B =3;88 ?>AB>O==> 2KE>48; 2 <>@5, ?0B@C;8 :@59A5@>2 8 2A?><>30B5;L=KE :@59A5@>2 25;8 =5CAK?=K9 4>7>@ 8 45@60;8 =5?@8OB5;O 2 1;>:045. A;8 1K <5=O;8AL @>;O<8 8 >?CAB8;8AL 4> 0B0: 15770I8B=KE :C?F>2, B> 4>18;8AL 1K :C40 :0: 1>;55 AB@0H=KE @57C;LB0B>2. MB> =5 ?@54?>;>65=85. -B> CB25@645=85. '8B0B5;L C7=05B > ?>42830E 1@8B0=A:8E ?>42>4=8:>2 2 @0<>@=>< <>@5, C2848B :0: >4=0-548=AB25==0O ?>42>4=0O ;>4:0 E11 H5ABL @07 (B@8 @070 BC40 8 B@8 >1@0B=>) ?@>H;0 G5@57 45AOB:8 <8==KE ?>;59, G5@57 A5BL C 030@K, ?> 4;8==> >E@0=O5<>;82C 0@40=5;;K. >1I59 A;>6=>AB8, AC1<0@8=0 >E>B8;0AL 2 @0<>@=>< <>@5 452O=>AB> H5ABL 4=59, ?>A;5 >4=>3> 87 ?@>E>4>2 >AB0;0AL 2> 2@065A:8E 2>40E =0 A>@>: A5B>?8;0 101 AC4=>, 2 B>< G8A;5 1@>=5=>A5F, A>2@5<5==K9 MA<8=5F 8 B@8 :0=>=5@:8. 0 2AN 8AB>@8N ?>42>4=>9 2>9=K C4828B5;L=K9 ?>4283 :><<0=45@0 MH<8B0 =5 ?@527>94Q= =8:5<, E>BO 4@C3>9 1@8B0=A:89 >D8F5@ :><<0=45@ >9; =0 ;>4:5 E14 >G5=L 1;87:> ?>4>1@0;AO : 4>AB865=8N B>20@8I0 ?> >@C68N.

4 D52@0;O 1915 3>40 4<8@0;B59AB2> 5@<0=88 >1=0@>4>20;> 45:;0@0F8N:

 

>4K >1@8B0=8N 8 @;0=48N, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 0-0=H, >1JO2;ONBAO 7>=>9 2>5==KE 459AB289. 0G8=0O A 18 D52@0;O 1915 3. ;N1>5 B>@3>2>5 AC4=> =5?@8OB5;O >1=0@C65==>5 2 2KH5C:070==>9 7>=5 1C45B C=8GB>65=> 157 30@0=B89 2 ;N1>< A;CG05 >B25AB8 C3@>7C >B ?0AA068@>2 8 :><0=4.

!C40 =59B@0;L=KE AB@0= =5 87153=CB >?0A=>AB8 2 7>=5 2>5==KE 459AB289. @8=8<0O 2> 2=8<0=85 ?@8:07 1@8B0=A:>3> ?@028B5;LAB20 >B 31 O=20@O A.3. >1 8A?>;L7>20=88 =59B@0;L=KE D;03>2[33] 8 2>7<>6=K5 >H81:8 2 E>45 2>5==KE 459AB289 =0 <>@5, =59B@0;L=K5 AC40 <>3CB 1KBL ?@8=OBK 70 :>@01;8 ?@>B82=8:0 8 0B0:>20=K :0: 2@065A:85.

 

K >:070;8AL 2 A8BC0F88, ?@54A:070==>9 $8H5@>< 2 <5<>@0=4C<5 1913 3>40. 4<8@0;B59AB2>, 2?@>G5<, =5 A8;L=> 2AB@52>68;>AL. > =0H8< A2545=8O<, 35@<0=FK <>3;8 >B@O48BL 4;O 1;>:04K @8B0=A:8E >AB@>2>2 4204F0BL 8;8 4204F0BL ?OBL AC1<0@8=. >4:8 4>;6=K 1K;8 456C@8BL 2 <>@5 2 B@8 A<5=K, B> 5ABL ;8HL ?> A5A54=>2@5<5==> 8 6840;8 >B =8E A5@LQ7=KE ?>A;54AB289: A;8H:>< 1>;LH>9 B>20@=K9 ?>B>: ?@>E>48; G5@57 <=>3>G8A;5==K5 ?>@BK !>548=Q==>3> >@>;52AB20.

B> 65 A0<>5 2@5B M=5@38G=> 3>B>28;AO : >B@065=8N ?>42>4=KE 0B0:: :>?8; @5AC@AK, ?@>4C>1@07=K5 A?>A>1K 1>@L1K.

?5@2CN @C:C, <0@H@CB0<8 G5@57 0=0;: ?5@5:@K;8 A5BO<8 C2@A:89 ?@>;82, 2K25;8 2 <>@5 ?0B@C;8 MA<8=F52 8 B@0;LI8:>2. 828788 >2>9 0@<88 CE>48;8 2> $@0=F8N GCBL ;8 =5 :064K9 45=L, 8 D;>B 157 CAB0;8 >15A?5G820; 2>9A:0< =5?@>AB>5 MA:>@B=>5 A>?@>2>645=85. A>1>3> 2=8<0=8O B@51>20;8 !525@=K9 :0=0; (<564C (>B;0=4859 8 @;0=4859), <0@H@CB !0CB35 = 02@, 70;82K 8 C:@><=K5 4;O 2@065A:8E AC1<0@8= <5AB0. 4<8@0;B59AB2> @07@01>B0;> 8 @0A?@>AB@0=8;> A@548 :0?8B0=>2 B>@3>2KE AC4>2 8=AB@C:F88 > <5B>40E 1>@L1K 8 A?>A>10E C:;>=5=8O >B ?>42>4=KE ;>4>:; 8=K5 <5@>?@8OB8O 2> <=>65AB25 C?>D8F80;L=>9 <>@A:>9 8AB>@88.[34]

$;>B 2>>@C68; 8 2K25; 2 <>@5 <=>3>G8A;5==K9 <>A:8B=K9 D;>B, =0HC 3;02=CN =04564C; ?><8<> MB>3>, 4<8@0;B59AB2> 2KAB028;> ?@>B82 AC1<0@8= 420 >A=>2=KE ?@>B82>;>4>G=KE ?@8A?>A>1;5=8O: 8=48:0B>@=CN A5BL 8 AC40-;>2CH:8, 2?>A;54AB288 =0720==K5 ;>4:0<8 B8?0 «Q». ;8==K5 ;8=88 A:@5?;Q==KE 2<5AB5 8=48:0B>@=KE A5B59 ?> 200 O@4>2 :0640O, 87 B>=:>3> AB0;L=>3> B@>A0, A OG59:0<8 >B 6 4> 10 DCB>2 @0ABO3820;8AL ?>?5@Q: >?0A=KE ?@>E>4>2. 0 A5BO<8 ?>AB>O==> =0478@0;8 2>>@C6Q==K5 B@0;LI8:8. K 8A?@>1>20;8 8=48:0B>@=K5 703@0645=8O =5 157 =5:>B>@>3> @8A:0 =0 >4=>9 87 =0H8E A>1AB25==KE ;>4>: 8 =0H;8 @57C;LB0B C4>2;5B2>@8B5;L=K<. !5B8 C45@6820;8AL =0 ?;02C AB5:;O==K<8 1CO<8; CB>=C2H85 ?>?;02:8 ;81> 02B><0B8G5A:>5 2>A?;0<5=5=85 :0@184=>3> D>=0@O =5<54;5==> 2K4020;8 AC1<0@8=C. !5BL >?CBK20;0 ?>42>4=CN ;>4:C A E>@>H59 2>7<>6=>ABLN ?>2@548BL 28=BK, 0 :>;KE0=8O 4;8==>3> @O40 ?;020NI8E ?> ?>25@E=>AB8 10:5=>2 :@0A=>@5G82> @0AA:07K20;8 >E>B=8:C >1> 2A5E <5B0=8OE AC1<0@8=K. ?5@2K5 <5AOFK 1915 3>40 <5=55 1000 <8;L A5B59 8 : 13 D52@0;O ?5@53>@>48;8 8<8 25AL A5<=04F0B8<8;L=K9 C2@A:89 ?@>;82. "0:>20 B5>@8O; =5>1E>48<> >B<5B8BL, GB> ?@0:B8G5A:>5 8A?>;L7>20=85 8=48:0B>@=KE A5B59 4020;>AL A B@C4><, 8 ?@8=5A;> =0< <=>385 @07>G0@>20=8O.

#AB@>9AB2> AC4>2-;>2CH5: 1K;> AB>;L 65 =5A;>6=K<, 845O ?>O28;0AL =0 A25B ?>A;5 >4=>3> ?@>8AH5AB28O. A5=BO1@5 1914 3>40 35@<0=A:0O AC1<0@8=0 >1AB@5;O;0 <0;5=L:89 @59A>2K9 ?0@>E>4 A 3@C7>< D@C:B>2 8 >2>I59 =0 ?CB8 >B !5=-0;> : !0CB35 =C. 4<8@0; %54C>@B LN, :><0=4CNI89 2 >@BA <=5 2 4<8@0;B59AB2> 8, <564C ?@>G53>, ?@54;>68; =0 1C4CI55 >A=0AB8BL MB> AC4Q=KH:> ?CH:>9, A:@KB>9 ?>4 3@C7>< A5;LA:>E>7O9AB25==KE ?@>4C:B>2, GB> <5=8BL >@C485 =5 ?@54AB028;>AL, => A >G5@54=K< ?@8E>4>< AC1<0@8=>9 C3@>7K 845O 2=>2L 2>H;0 2 >1>@>B. #65 1 D52@0;O O @0A?>@O48;AO ?>AB@>8BL 8;8 ?5@5>1>@C4>20BL =5:>B>@>5 G8A;> <0;KE AC4>2 A @0AGQB>< ?@8<0=820BL 35@<0=A:85 ?>4;>4:8, 0 70B5< 8 =0?040BL =0 =8E. > 1>;LH59 G0AB8 ;L7>20;8 >1KG=K5 @59A>2K5 ?0@>E>4K, => =5:>B>@K5 87 ;>2CH5: 1K;8 2KAB@>5=K A?5F80;L=>, ?> >1@07C 8 ?>4>18N =>@256A:8E @K1>;>2=KE HEC=. @C48O MB8E AC4>2 <>3;8 2=570?=>, A;>2=> 2 F8@:>2>< ?@54AB02;5=88 ?>O28BLAO 87-70 ?>4JQ<=KE 8;8 AB2>@G0BKE 425@5F. B45;K 4<8@0;B59AB20 @07@01>B0;8 845N HEC=-?@8<0=>: A 25;8:>9 87>1@5B0B5;L=>ABLN; 2?>A;54AB288 <>@A:8< 70?04=O< 2K?0;> 2>9B8 2 ?5@2K9 @O4 70<5G0B5;L=KE 8 A<5;KE C;>2>: 2>5==>3> 45;0.

K =5CAB0==> ?KB0;8AL >1@0B8BL ?@>B82 AC1<0@8= 4>AB865=8O =0C:8. B> 2@5 ?>42>4=CN ;>4:C <>6=> >1=0@C68BL =0 @0AAB>O=88 ?> 185=8N 28=B0, => @01>BK A <8:@>D>=0<8 8 384@>D>=0<8 =5 CA?5;8 ?@>428=CBLAO 40;55 M:A?5@8<5=B>2. 4<8@0;B59AB2>, M=5@38G=> 8 >4=>2@5<5==>, @01>B0;> =04 1><1>4@K2=K<8 B@0;0<8, 0:B82=K<8 A5BO<8 (F5?>G:>9 27@K2=KE 70@O4>2). !>AB028;>AL B2>@G5A:>5 8 B5A=>5 A>>1I5AB2> CGQ=KE, 87>1@5B0B5;59, >D8F5@>2-?>42>4=8:>2; : ?@>1;5<5 >1@0B8;8AL ;CGH85 CB0, 8 HB01 4<8@0;B59AB20 =5 >B25@3 A ?>@>30 =8 >4=>9 8458 1K;> ;8 B> B5E=8G5A:>5 8;8 B0:B8G5A:>5 =>2H5AB2>.

5@<0=FK 2K?>;=8;8 >15I0=85 8 =0G0;8 ?>42>4=CN 2>9=C 8;8 B0: =07K205:04C @8B0=A:8E >AB@>2>2 18 D52@0;O; 2 B>B 45=L 2 0=0;5 1K;> B>@?548@>20=> 0=3;89A:>5 B>@3>2>5 AC4=>. :>=FC ?5@2>9 =545;8 =5?@8OB5;L 0B0:>20; >1I8< G8A;>< >48==04F0BL 1@8B0=A:8E AC4>2 8 CB>?8; A5 2 BC 65 =545;N =0H8 ?>@BK ?@8=O;8 8 2K?CAB8;8 =5 <5=55 1 318 B>@3>2F52. B>@0O =545;O ?@>H;0 4;O 2@030 2?CABCN: AC1<0@8=K 0B0:>20;8 B@8 AC4=0, 2A5< 8< C40;>AL C9B8. 1I89 >1>@>B =0H8E ?>@B>2 70 2B>@CN =545;N A>AB028; 1 417. :>=FC D52@0;O AB8 ?@8=OBKE :>=B@<5@. @8B0=A:0O B>@3>2;O H;0 >1KG=K< ?>@O4:><, 4828788 ?5@5A5:0;8 0=0; 157 ?5@5@K20, >4=0 70 4@C3>9. K ?@>4>;68;8 ?C1;8:>20BL F8D@K 8 2 A;54CNI5< <5AOF5. 0 G5BK@5 =545;8 <0@B0, ?>@BK =3;88 ?@8=O;8 8 >B?@028;8 1>;55 H5AB8 BKAOG AC4>2; =5AL CB>?8BL ;8HL 4204F0BL >4=> >1I8< 2>4>87<5I5=85< 2 65 000 B>==. ?@5;L ?>4B25@48; 8B>38 <0@B0: >1>@>B A>AB028; 1>;55 H5AB8 BKAOG AC4>2, ?>381;8 4204F0BL B@8: 87 =8E H5ABL =59B@0;L=KE 8 ;8HL >48==04F0BL 0=3;89A:8E >1I8< 2>4>87<5I5=85< 2 22 000 B>==. B>340 25AL <8@ C1548;AO 2 ?@>20;5 35@<0=A:>9 ?>42>4=>9 :0

"5< 2@5<5=5<, 5@;8= >?;0G820; A2>N ?>;8B8:C 4>@>3>9 F5=>9. 525;8:89 G8A;>< 35@<0=A:89 ?>42>4=K9 D;>B ?>B5@O; =5 <5=55 G5BK@QE AC1<0@8=. 5@2>3> <0@B0 =5<5F:0O ?>4;>4:0 70?CB0;0AL 2 8=48:0B>@=>9 A5B8 2 1CEB5 !B0@B C 0@B68;8 5Q ?>4 2>4>9, ?>4@K2=K< B@0;><. '5B2Q@B>3> <0@B0 4C2@A:85 A5B8 8 MA<8=FK >1=0@C68;8, 703=0;8 8 ?>B>?8;8 ;>4:C U8, M:8?06 ?>;=>ABLN CF5;5; 8 ?>?0; 2 ?;5=. (5AB>3> G8A;0 2@065A:0O AC1<0@8=0 U12, :0: A;54AB288 C4>AB>25@8;8AL ?>:070;0AL C 15@48=0 8 ?>A;5 G5BK@QE4=52=>9, =5?@5@K2=>9 ?>3>=8 1K;0 C=8GB>65=0 =0H8<8 <0;K<8 :>@01;O<8. @8B0=A:85 :><0=4K 2K:070;8 C<5=85 8 C?>@AB2>, 42>4=8:>2. 18 <0@B0 >7=0<5=>20;>AL A;02=K< A>1KB85<. A5=BO1@5 1914 3>40, :0?8B0=-;59B5=0=B 5448=35= C=8GB>68; B@8 :@59A5@0 C 15@530 >;;0=488 8 AB0; =0F8>=0;L=K< 35@>5< 5@<0=88; B5?5@L >= CB>?8; B>@3>2>5 AC4=> C N6=>3> 15@530 @;0=488 ?@5420@8B5;L=> 701@02 C B>@3>2F0 B@>D59 <0;5=L:CN ?CH:C 8 C65 HQ; 4><>9, :>340 18 <0@B0 =0B:=C;AO =0 CG5=8O @0=4 $;8B0 2 70;825 5=B;0=4-$Q@B. B> 2@59 ;8=59=>9 MA:04@>9 :><0=4>20; !BC@48 A D;03>< =0 «@54=>CB5». !> 4=O $>;:;5=4A:>3> 1>O C40G0 >AB0;0AL ?@8 04<8@0;5. @>H;> 45AOBL <8=CB 8 «@54=>CB» 8A:CA=> 254>< 8 HBC@<0=>< ?@>B0@0=8; AC1<0@8=C. 5;C ?><>3 «"5<5@5@». >A ;>4:8 ?>4=O;AO =04 2>4>9, 8 <5@ U29; 70B5< AC1<0@8=0 A> 2A5< M:8?065< =025G=> CH;0 =0 4=>. C18B5;L «@5AA8», «1C:8@0» 8 «%>30» =0HQ; A2>N A<5@BL.

>;LH8=AB2> 35@<0=A:8E :><0=48@>2-?>42>4=8:>2 2>72@0I0;8AL 4><>9 A 4>:;040<8 > BO6:8E 8 ?5G0;L=KE 8A?KB0=8OE. 48= ?>?0; 2 A5B8 C C2@0 8 A?0AAO ?>A;5 3>;>2>:@C68B5;L=KE ?@8:;NG5=89, 4@C3>3> ?@>B0@0=8; @5H8B5;L=K9 B>@3>25F, «">@48A»: ?>2@564Q==0O ?>4;>4:0 5420 4>?>;7;0 4> 4>< B@C4>< CH;0 >B MA<8=F0 «C@:0» ?>A;5 B@QEG0A>2>3> 3>=0. B0:8E A;CG052 <=>65AB2>.

! >A>1K< CA5@485< ;82 8 8<5==> B0< 4>AB83;8 =08;CGH53> @57C;LB0B0. ?5@2KE G8A;0E 0?@5;O U32 70?CB0;0AL 2 4C2@A:8E A5BOE 8 ?@54?>G;0 =5 ?>2B>@OBL >?KB0, => 84B8 :@C6=K< ?CBQ<, 2>:@C3 A525@=>9 >:>=5G=>AB8 (>B;0=488. -:8?06 AC1<0@8=K 4>;>68; <>@A:><0=88 > 703@0645=8OE 8 ?@>G59 >1>@>=5 C2@A:>3> ?@>;820; 2 8B>35, 2A5< ?>42>4=8:0< =0AB@>3> 70?@5B8;8 E>48BL ?@>;82>< 8 @07@5H8;8 8A?>;L7>20BL 2 ?>E>40E =0 70?04 >48= ;8HL >:>;L=K9, «A525@=K9»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

B>3 0?@5;O A >G5284=>ABLN A2845B5;LAB2>20;: 35@<0=FK =8 B>;L:> =5 A<>3;8 ?>4>@20BL >1>@>B 1@8B0=A:>9 B>@3>2;8, ?><5H0BL ?5@52>7:0< A>;40B 8 A=0@O65=8O, => A0<8 ?>=5A;8 BO6Q;K9 8 157>B25B=K9 C@>= 2 687=5==> 206=KE 1>52KE 548=8F0E, >A=>25 2A59 8E ?>;8B8:8. <0N <5AOFC, A:>@>A?5;0O 8 =5<>I=0O ?>42>4=0O :0 ;=>ABLN ?@>20;8;0AL 8 <0;59H8E ?><8<> B@038G5A:8E A;CG09=>AB59 =5C4>1AB2 70 A;54CNI85 2>A5<=04F0BL <5AOF52. > D;>B 157 CAB0;8 @072820; 8 >BB0G820; A?>A>1K 8 >@30=870F8N 1>@L1K ?@>B82 =52840==>9 ?@5645 D>@@3>2KE AC4>2 4>A:>=0;L=> 87CG8;8 <5B>4K ?@>B82>459AB28O 8 CE>40 >B AC1<0@8=. K ?>>I@O;8 148B5;L=K9, 87>1@5B0B5;L=K9 8 <=>3>G8A;5==K9 <>A:8B=K9 D;>B >18;L=K<8 ?@5<8O<8. @>ABL ?>AB028;0 ?@>872>4AB2> CA>25@H5=AB2>20==KE 8=48:0B>@=KE A5B59 =0 ?>B>:. #GQ=K5 157 CAB0;8 @01>B0;8 =04 2KO2;5=85< ?>3@C65==>9 AC1<0@8=K ?@8 ?><>I8 384@>D>=0. !C40-;>2CH:8 C<=>68;8AL G8A;><, 8E M:8?068 ?>4=0B>@5;8 2 8A:CAAB25 70A04 8 E8B@>AB59. 5@20O ?>42>4=0O :0 4=>9 70B559, => >15@=C;0AL 4;O =0A ?>40@:>< AC4L1K: ?>B@0G5==K5 CA8;8O >:C?8;8AL AB>@8F59 2 C60A=K5 4=8, C3>B>20==K5 =0< 2 1C4CI5<.

5 <5=55 206=K< AB0; 8 8=>9 @57C;LB0B. >42>4=0O 2>9=0 A:070;0AL =0 =0H8E >B=>H5=8OE A !>548=Q==K<8 (B0B0<8. @>G=>5 A>N7=8G5AB2> A <5@8:>9 1K;> 70;>3>< CA?5E0 <>@A:>9 1;>:04K. ! =0G0;>< 2>9=K, @8B0=88, !>548=Q==K< (B0B0< 8 =59B@0;L=K< AB@0=0< ?@8H;>AL 87>I@OBLAO 2 BO6:8E A?>@0E > <564C=0@>4=>< 70:>=>40B5;LAB25. 45AL =5 <5AB> ?CA:0BLAO 2 ?>4@>1=>AB8. !B>@>=K 2K;>68;8 =0 AB>; 15A:>=5G=>5 <=>65AB2> 4>2>4>2 B5E=8G5A:>3> E0@0:B5@0, 0@3C<5=B0F88 E20B8;> 1K 8 =0 =5A:>;L:> 181;8>B5:. > 2A5 4510BK 8 C;>2:8 =5 <>3;8 >A;018BL 25;8:>9 :@>2=>@>4AB25==>9 A2O78 @8B0=88 8 <5@8:8; A?>@K =5 C25;8 =0A >B 4>1@>9 2>;8, ?@825@65==>AB8 : A>N7C, =5 A:070;8AL =0 A8 B82 5@<0=88; 2 :>=5G=>< AGQB5, 8<5==> MB8 GC2AB20 B@8C 2>7>1;040;8 =04 ?@>G8<. <5AB5 A B5< 8 2 B> 2@570 @07@K20 A !>548=Q==K<8 (B0B0<8 2?>;=5 <>3;0 1K 2K=C48BL =0A >A;018BL 1;>:04C, ;8H8BL 5Q 459AB25==>AB8.

=0H8 4=8 ?@8=OB> =54>>F5=820BL AB5?5=L >?0A=>AB8, AG8B0BL 2@06451=>5 >B=>H5=85 : =0< <5@8:8 G5<-B> =52>7<>6=K<. 0 45;5, =0F8>=0;L=K5 B@048F88 !>548=Q==KE (B0B>2 >15@=C;8AL ?@>B82 =0A. >;>40O 0<5@8:0=A:0O @5A?C1;8:0 70:;NG8;0 ?5@2K9 <564C=0@>4=K9 4>3>2>@ 2 1793 3>4C, A @CAA859 8 @5GL 2 =Q< H;0 > 70I8B5 «A2>1>4=>3> <>@5?;020=8O». >9=0 1812 3>40, =5 701KB0O <5@8:>9, =0G0;0AL 87-70 >G5=L ?>E>68E 2>?@>A>2 <>@A:>3> =59B@0;8B5B0. !>2@5<5==K5 =0< AB0BL8 <564C=0@>4=KE 70:>=>2 =5 >B25G0;8 206=59H8< CA;>28O< 25;8:>9 AE20B:8. >=OB85 «CA;>2=>9 :>=B@010=4K» 2 7=0G8B5;L=>9 AB5?5=8 CB5@O;> A<564C 0@<859 8 =0@>4>< GCBL ;8 =5 8AG57;0. !B0@K5 70:>=K, @53;0<5=B8@CNI85 1;>:04C O ?>:070; MB> G8B0B5;N AB0;8 =5?@8<5=8A;5 ?>O2;5=8O AC1<0@8=. "5?5@L <>3;8 =5?@5<5==> A>3;0A>2K20BL 459AB28O D;>B0 A 6QAB:8<8 B@51>20=8O<8 :>45:A>2. @57C;LB0B5 70B5O;8AL 4>;385, I5:>B;82K5, :@09=5 A;>6=K5 48A:CAA88; AB@>385 700B;0=B8G5A:85 70:>==8:8 =5 H;8 =8 =0 :0:85 CABC?:8. >;>65=85 CAC3C1;O;8 8 8=K5, =5HCB>G=K5 ?>;8B8G5A:85 B5G5=8O: !( 459AB2>20;8 A8;L=K5 8 2;8OB5;L=K5 AB>@>==8:8 @;0=488 8 5@<0=88, 2 !5=0B5 A>1@0;0AL 25A><0O 0=B81@8B0=A:0O 3@C??8@>2:0, 3>A45?0@B0<5=B, @52=82> 8 ?@8AB0;L=> 5A;8 =5 A:070BL ?@8AB@0AB=> - A;548; 70 @8B0=859. 0;59H0O >H81:0 2 >B=>H5=8OE A <5@8:>9 2?>;=5 <>3;0 1K ?@825AB8 : ?5@2>AB5?5==>9 >?0A=>AB8; =0< ?0 ?><>I=8:0 2 0<5@8:0=A:8E 45;0E, ?>A;0 2 0H8=3B>=5 AM@0 !5A8;0 !?@8=3- 09A0. ><8<> =8E, @8B0=8O 8 <5@8:0 =5 ?@5<8=CB >B40BL 4>;6=>5 8 <8AB5@C 5946C, ?>A;C !>548=Q==KE (B0B>2 2 >=4>=5 0=3;>3>2>@OI89 <8@ >1O70= 53> 1;03>@>4AB2C 8 AB8, >= C15@Q3 =0A >B =58AG8A;8

A;>682H8EAO >1AB>OB5;LAB20E, ?5@20O ?>42>4=0O :0 ;L7C. 5:;0@0B82=0O C3@>70 5@<0=88 =5 B>;L:> 1@8B0=A:8<, => 8 =59B@0;L=K< B>@3>2F0< ?5@5=QA;0 A?>@K A <5@8:>9 =0 A>25@H5==> 8=CN ?>G2C. 4=0 ;8HL =5<5F:0O 45:;0@0F8O ?@8=5A;0 =5<54;5==>5 8 ACI5AB25==>5 >1;53G5=85. >A;54>202H89 A;CG09 >B2Q; =54>2>;LAB2> !( >B 1@8B0=A:>9 1;>:04K 8 ?5@5=0?@028; 0<5@8:0=A:89 3=52 =0 5@<0=8N. :>=F5 D52@0;O, B>@?540 ?>@078;0 =>@256A:89 ?0@>E>4 «5;@846» A;54CNI89 87 <5@8:8 A 70:07>< ?@028B5;LAB20 845@;0=4>2 =5DBO=K< 3@C7><. A5 4@C65AB25==K5 A8;K 2 =0H5< AB0=5 =5<54;5==> ?>4=O;8AL, >6828;8AL 8 >:@5?;8, 0 ?@>35@<0=A:85 B5G5=8O A>>B25BAB25==> >A;01;8. "5?5@L <>3;8 C65AB>G8BL 1;>:04C 157 >AB>@>6=>9 >3;O4:8 =0 >B=>H5=8O A 25;8:>9 @5A?C1;8:>9. -420@4C @5N, ?@8 ?><>I8 59460, C40;>AL >BAB>OBL 1@8B0=A:CN ?>78F8N; 3;020 $>@8= D8A0, =0AB02;O5A;>< !>548=Q==KE (B0B>2, 459AB2>20; 256;82>, B0:B8G=>, <8@>;N182>; <0@B 8 0?@5;L >1>H;8AL 157 ?5@51@0=>:, 0 2 <05 A;CG8;>AL @5H0NI55 A>1KB85.


;020 29. 0ABCI85 =5C4>2>;LAB28O.

 

?@5;L ?@>HQ; 2 1>;57=5==>< 8 B@52>6=>< >6840=88. 0<8;LB>= C ;5:A0=4@88 70=>2> D>@<8@>20; M:A?548F8>==K5 A8;K, 45 >15: A>A@54>B>G8;AO =0 ?>43>B>2:5 : 2KA04:5. "C@:8 ?>4BO3820;8 =0 ?>;C>AB@>2 2>9A:0, :@5?8;8 8 AB@>8;8 >1>@>=C. B0;8O 8 0;:0=K :>;510;8AL. 0H8 >B=>H5=8O A !>548=Q==K<8 (B0B0<8 >1>AB@8;8AL :0: =8:>340. CAA:85 D@>=B 8 BK; 2K7K20;8 3;C1>G09H85 >?0A5=8O. >5==>5 254> ?>B5@?5;> ?>;=K9 8 B5?5@L C65 >G5284=K9 :@0E A ?>AB02:0<8 A=0@O4>2. >;8B8G5A:0O A8BC0F8O 2AQ 1>;55 CAC3C1;O;0AL.

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

/ =5 @0745;O; 15A?>:>9AB2 $8H5@0, =8 >A=>20B5;L=KE, =8 157>A=>20B5;L=KE, E>BO 8 AG8B0; 0?@5;L 1915 3>40 >4=8< 87 :@8B8G5A:8E <5AOF52 4;O D@>=B0 !525@=>3> <>@O. 5@<0=FK =5 <>3;8 =5 7=0BL, GB> B>720;8 A 3;02=>3> 8 4065 @5H0NI53> B50B@0 87@O4=K5 A8;K, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 A02@5<5==K5 548=8FK. >;55 B>3>: <8 =045O;8AL, GB> =5?@8OB5;L ?5@5>F5=8B 459AB28B5;L=CN <>IL 40@40=5;;LA:>3> >B@O40. 'B>1K A>1;07=8BL 2@030 =0 1>9 2 !525@=>< <>@5, 4<8@0;B59AB2> =0@>G=> >B?@028;> : @>;820< =5A:>;L:> D0;LH82KE 1@>=5=>AF52.

4>1@5==K5 $8H5@>< ?@8:07K >1 0B0:5 0@40=5;; ?@54?8AK20;8 <564C ?@>G53> 8 A;54CNI55:

 

5:>B>@>5 G8A;> B>@3>2KE AC4>2 =04;568B 70:020BL ?>4 ;8=59=K5 :>@01;8 B8?0 «@54=>CB» 8;8 :@59A5@0, B0:, GB>1K 8E 1K;> =52>7<>6=> @0A?>7=0BL A @0AAB>O=8O 2 3-4 <8;8. & >6=K5 :>@01;8 =5>1E>48<> @0A?>;>68BL C 2E>40 2 0@40=5;;K, ?>4 284>< @575@20, =5 4>?CA:0O >?>7=0=8O 8E =5?@8OB5;5<. $0;LH82K5 1@>=5=>AFK 4>;6=K >1<0=CBL 35@<0=F52 2 G8A;5==>AB8 1@8B0=A:8E A8; 2 4><0H=8E 2>40E.[35]

 

"5?5@L <, GB> BC@:8 ?>;=>ABLN >1<0=C;8AL, >?@545;8;8 >4=> 87 AC4>2 :0: «"0935@» 8 4>=5A;8 > =Q< 2 5@<0=8N. / =5 <>3 >B=5AB8AL 2A5@LQ7 : ?>2A54=52=> <@0G=>5=8N ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40 ?>A;5 53> A5@45G=>3> A>3;0A8O A ?>4>1=K< <5B>4>< ;C:02>3> 8=8F88@>20=8O 18B2K. $8H5@ ?@52>AE>4=> 7=0;, GB> AB0B>G=> A8;L=K 4;O 1>O 8 >1@04>20;AO 1K =0G0;C A@065=8O :0: =8:B> 4@C3>9.

B5 4=8 O >1JO28; > A>740=88 $;>B0 ;8=59=KE :@59A5@>2 8 ?@8ABC?8; : A>>B25BAB2CNI8< ?@0:B8G5A:8< @01>B0<. =>2>5 A>548=5=85 2>H;8 B@8 MA:04@K ?> B@8 ;8=59=KE :@59A5@0; :064>9 87 MA:04@ ?@84020;0AL MA:04@0 ;Q3:8E :@59A5@>2 87 G5BK@QE =>259H8E 8 1KAB@>E>4=59H8E :>@01;59 2<5AB5 A D;>B8;859 A04:8E MA<8=F52 B8?0 «M». !CBLN =>2>9 A8;K AB0;0 !:>@>ABL. 8GB> 87 <>@A:8E 2>>@C65=89 5@<0=88 =5 <>3;> 8 >B40;Q==> A@02=8BLAO A MB8< $;>B><, A>G5B0=85< A:>@>AB8 8 <>I8. 5@2>=0G0;L=> =0< ?@8H;>AL 8A?>;L7>20BL ;Q3:85 :@59A5@0 B8?0 «3>@>40»; >=8 =5 <>3;8 40BL 1>;55 27 C7;>2, => A> 2@5<5=5< E>4:>ABL :@59A5@A:8E MA:04@ 4>;6=0 1K;0 =0<=>3> 2K@0AB8 2 AB@>9 1KAB@> AB0=>28;8AL «@5BC7K». / B5;53@0D8@>20; ?@028B5;LAB2C !>4@C65AB20 ?@>AL1C > ?5@540G5 «CAB@5;88» 4;O =C64 D>@<8@C5<>3> $;>B0; 4><8=8>=K 2K:070;8 >1KG=CN ?@825@65==>ABL >1I59 1;03>A:;>==>ABLN C4>2;5B2>@8;8 <>N ?@>AL1C.

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

D8F80;L=K9 >B25B ?>A;54>20; 2 B>B 65 45=L. >@4 $8H5@ ?>;=>ABLN A>3;0A8;AO A DC=40<5=B0;L=K< ?@8=F8?><: =5?@5<5==> ?>445@6820BL 4>;6=K9 C@>25=L A8; @0=4 $;8B0.

0;55, $8H5@ ?@>4>;60;.

 

5A><=5==>, GB> ?>;8B8G5A:89 @57C;LB0B CA?5H=>9 >?5@0F88 C 0@40=5;; >?@02405B 2A5 ?>B5@8 2 <0B5@80;0E 8 ;N4OE: 2K83@KH 45;0 ?@8254QB =>2KE A>N7=8:>2 =0 2>AB>G=K9 B50B@, @0A:>;5B 35@<0=>-BC@5F:89 0;LO=A, >B:@>5B, ?><8<> ?@>G53>, 'Q@=>5 <>@5 8 B5< 70<5B=> A>:@0B8B ?@>4>;68B5;L=>ABL 2>9=K.

/ A>3;0A8;AO =0 >?5@0F8N 2 =5:>B>@KE :>;510=8OE: 2K=C645==K5 >3@0=8G5=8O =0 G8A;> :>@01;59, A:@><=K5 70?0AK A=0@O4>2 8 :>@48B0; 4>102;N, GB> 8AE>4 0B0:8 15@53>2KE C:@5?;5=89 A <>@O 2A5340 2 :0:>9-B> AB5?5=8 =5>?@545;Q=5=, 0 459AB28O A@548 ?@8:@KBKE A ACH8 <8==KE ?>;59 - >?0A=K.

>, :0: 2K 8 A0<8 C:07K205B5, 45;> MB> - 2>?@>A 2KA>:>9 ?>;8B8:8, :> =5G=>< AGQB5, ?5@A?5:B820 15AA?>@=KE ?@8>1@5B5=89 ?@825;0 <5=O : B>G:5 7@5=8O <8=8AB@>2 =0 >?5@0F8N 2 0@40=5;;0E. <>59 2;0AB8 >AB0QBAO 6QAB:> :>=B@>;8@>20BL 2K45;O5<>@A:85 A8;K B0:, GB>1K =0H5 ?>;>65=85 =0 @5H0NI5< B50B@5 !525@=>< <>@5 =8 2 :>59 <5@5 =5 AB0;> 1K >?0A=K<.

> <>5<=5=8N, A53>4=OH=53> ?@52>AE>4AB20 @8B0=88 4>AB0B>G=> 4;O 4><0H=8E 2>4. K45;5==K5 : 0@40=5;;0< A8;K >3@0=8G5=K 8 =5 A:06CBAO =0 8B>35 2AB@5G8 A $;>B>< B:@KB>3> >@O, 5A;8 >= @5H8BAO =0 1>9. > 2 B> 65 2@5 <>5<=5=8N, 4>H;8 : 01A>;NB=><8=8;6=K AB>OBL =0A<5@BL =0 MB>9 B>G:5 7@5=8O 8 =5 ?>AK;0BL 1>;55 =8G53>, =8:C40 8 =8 ?>4 :0:8< 284><. / A>25@H5==> >BGQB;82> 2KA:070; MB> ?5@2>@4C 8 5A;8 2 1C4CI5< 018=5B 2>7=0<5@8BAO C?>B@518BL 2;0ABL 8 ?>B5A=8BL <5=O 2 MB>< ?C=:B5, O >1@0ICAL 70 ?>445@6:>9 : 20<, :>;;530<-<>@O:0<. &

 

5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 2KA:070;AO A ?>;=>9 >?@545;Q==>ABLN. = >D8F80;L=> 8 >14C<0==> A2O70; A51O A 40@40=5;;LA:8< ?@54?@8OB85<. >340 $8H5@ ?>;CG8; C254><;5=85 > 3>B>2OI5<5=BA:>< 70?@>A5[36] ?0;0B0 A?@0H820;0, 1K; ;8 ?5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 A>3;0A5= A 0B0:>9 18 <0@B0 B> =0?8A0; ?>?5@Q: 703>B>2;5==>3> B5:AB0: «A;8 1K $8H5@ =5 >4>1@O; MB>9 >?5@0F88 - =5 >AB0;AO 1K =0 ?>ABC ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40». 8:B> =5 A?>@8; A 3;02=K< ?@8=F8?>< $8H5@0. > A;54>20BL 5 - B0:, :0: >= ?8A0; <=5 12 0?@5;O: «/ =5 ?>H;N 1>;55 8 =8B:8»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«C8= -;87015B», => «30<5<=>=0» 8 «>@40 5;LA>=0». 3@0=8G5=8O 2 >3@><=>9 <5@5 ?><5H0;8 1K 1@>=5=>AF0< ?>445@60BL 0@<8N, O =5 <>3 C2068BL ?>65;0=89 $8H5@0 8 2 B>B @07 4>18;AO A2>53>. > :064K9 >D8F5@, :064K9 <0B@>A :064K9 :>@01;L, :064K9 A=0@O4 >1>@0G820;8AL :0<=O<8 ?@5B:=>25=8O, <=5 ?@8E>48;>AL 157 CAB0;8 1>@>BLAO A ?5@2K< <>@A:8< ;>@4>< 8, 2 8725AB=>9 AB5?5=8, A> 2A5<8 53> :>;;530<8.

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

 

A0<>< 45;5, <>9 4@C3, =5 :065BAO ;8 20< =5A:>;L:> =5G5AB=K< CO72;OBL >?5@0F8N >:>;L=K<8 2K?040<8 8 1C;02>G=K<8 C:>;0<8 ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: 2K A>3;0A8;8AL A =59 2 ?@8=F8?5? =5 1C45B BO65;>, 5A;8 2K 1C45B5 ?@>4>;60BL 2 B>< 65 4CE5 :064K9 45=L =>2K9 =><5@; MB> =54>AB>9=> =8 20A, =8 =0H53> A>2<5AB=>3>, 25;8:>3> 45;0.

K 7=05B5, :0: O 65;0N @01>B0BL A 20<8. > 5A;8 2K >B:065B5 <=5 2 0@40=5;;LA:>< 45;5, =0H5 A>B@C4=8G5AB2> AB0=5B =52>7<>6=K<. 5 AB>8B 4>102;OBL <0;5=L:85 :025@7K : =0H59 >1I59 =>H5.

@>AB8B5 <>N ?@O<>BC <564C 4@C7LO<8 >=0 5AB5AB25==0, <564C :>;;530<8 =5>1E>48<0.

 

$8H5@ >B25B8; <=5 =0702B@0, A B>9 65 >B:@>25==>ABLN.

 

'B>1K C1;068BL 20A, O ?>ABC?0NAL C15645=8O<8 :0: =8:>340 2 687=8! -" $"! / =5<54;5==>, M:A?@><, ?@54;>68; ?>A;0BL «>@40 5;LA>=0» 8 «30<5<=>=» (A =04564>9, GB> >=8 ?@8:@>NB «-;87015B» 8 «=D;5:A81;»). >65B5 1KBL C25@5=K, 45 >15: ?5@5=5AQB D;03 =0 «>@40 5;LA>=0» A «5=465=A0», A2>53> B5?5@5H=53> D;03<0=0. @8<5=8B5;L=> : B5:CI59 @01>B5, «5=465=A» >48=0:>2> A «5;LA>=><ý» E>@>H 2 1;86=5< 1>N. "5< =5 <5=55, O =5 A:06C =8 A;>20. 5AL A25B AG8B05B, GB> O ?>4B0;:820; 20A, 0 =5 2K <5=O! > 2A59 25@>OB=>AB8, >48= ;8HL ?@5 2KH;> @>2=> =0>1>@>B. / =5 A:070; =8 A;>20 =8 548=>9 682>9 4CH5, :@><5 @870 8 8;LA>=0 8 ;825@0 8 0@B>;><5; <>65B5 1KBL C25@5=K: MB0 G5B2Q@:0 =8:>340 =5 @0A:@>5B @B>2!

/ @01>B0; A 8BG5=5@>< A A0<>3> =0G0;0, => =5 =0?@O

C<0N, 1LQ 3>B>2 65@B2>20BL ;8HL A0<8 :>@01;O<8 8 >AB5@530NAL 8A?>;L7>20BL =0 @5H0NI5< B50B@5 =5A?>A>1=KE >D8F5@>2 8 <0B@>A>2.

 

A=>20, 20 0?@5;O:

 

/ 2?>;=5 4>A04CN =0 =0H8 AC1<0@8=K 8 <8=K, =0 =0HC =5A?>A>1=>ABL A1820BL F5??5;8=K (0 254L >=8 =8:>340 =5 7018@0NBAO 2KH5 2 000 O@4>2 8 8E <>6=> A20;8BL A ;Q3:>3> :@59A5@0). IQ 2G5@0 O GCBL ;8 =5 @5H8; =02A5340 ?>:8=CBL 4<8@0;B59AB2> 8 A>25@H5==> >AG0AB;828BL 20A >B:@KB:>9 A ?>65;0=85< =5<54;5==> =07=0G8BL =0 <>Q <5AB> !BC@48 => 0@40=5;;K =0:@5?:> A2O70;8 =0A 8 O >AB0=CAL @O4><: 8 2 3>@5 8 2 @04>AB8.

 

! =0G0;0 3>40 :;NG52K5 <8=8AB@K >5==>3> A>25B0 2AQ 1>;55 15A?>:>8;8AL > 70?0A0E A=0@O65=8O 4;O 0@<88. O=20@5 018=5B ?>AB0=>28; 8AA;54>20BL 2>?@>A 8 =07=0G8; A?5F80;L=K9 :><8B5B; ?><8<> 8BG5=5@0 2 =53> 2>H;8 O, ;>94-6>@46 8 0;LDC@. "5?5@L 42>5 ?>A;54=8E =0AB0820;8 =0 B><, GB> @01>B0 2>5==>3> 254>59 <5@5 =5 >B25G05B =0H8< =C640<. =>385 A>B=8 BKAOG ?@8H;8 ?>4 7=05==>9 ?>43>B>2:>9. @<8N ?@54?>;030;>AL C25;8G8BL 4> 70 8;8 4065 4> 100 4828789, => 70:070==K9 70?0A 28=B>2>: ?>:@K20; ;8HL 425 B@5B8 @50;L=>9 ?>B@51=>AB8. '8A;> 70:070==KE >@C489 =8:0: =5 >B25G0;> >1AB0=>2:5. 070;>AL, 2>5==>5 254> 682QB 2 ?@>H;><, 240;5:5 >B >A>15==>AB59 A>2@5<5==>9 2>9=K. 0< 1K;8 =C6=K ?C;5 ?;0=>2 >@30=870F88 8E MDD5:B82=>3> ?@>872>4AB20 ?@>AB> =5 ACI5AB2>20;>. 0?0AK 2A52>7<>6=KE A=0@O4>2, 2 >A>15==>AB8 1@870=B=KE 4;O A@54=8E 8 BO6Q;KE 0@B8;;5@89A:8E >@C489 >A:C45;8 4> =8GB>6=>3> C@>2=O. $01@8:0F8O <8=>2, 1><1 8 @CG=KE 3@0=0B 5420 ;8 =0G0;0AL.

>4=O;>AL =54>2>;LAB2>. >@4 8BG5=5@ 8 53> A>25B=8:8 >B25G0;8, GB> :0640O D01@8:0, :064>5 ?@>872>4AB2> 2>5==>3> A=0@O65=8O @01>B0NB =0 ?@545;5 A8;; GB> >1JQ< C65 @07<5IQ==KE 70:07>2 =0<=>3> ?@52KA8; 2>7<>6=>AB8 ?@>AB8; GB> 0@<8O 8 B0: ?>;CG05B C65 70:070==>5 =5 ?>;=>ABLN 8 A =58<>25@=K<8 7045@6:0<8. > MB> 1K;0 ?>;C?@0240. 8=8AB@K AB>O;8 =0 B><, GB> 2K?CA: A=0@O65=8O =5>1E>48<> C25;8G8BL G@572KG09=K<8, 4>A5;5 =52840==K<8 8 :C40 :0: 1>;55 0:B82=K<8 <5@0<8; 2>5==K5 >B25G0;8, GB> C65 ?@54?@8=O;8 2AQ 2>7<>6=>5, => 4> ?>O2;5=8O 28482 ?@>94CB 5IQ 4>;385 <5AOFK. >5==K5 =0G0;L=8:8 ?@825;8 <=>65AB2> ?@8<5@>2 A2>59 45OB5;L=>AB8, ?@54JO28;8 @07<5IQ==K5 70 @C156>< ?> 1>;LH59 G0AB8 2 <5@8:5 8 /?>=88 70:07K. > 4065 MB>3> >:07K20;>AL A>25@H5==> =54>AB0B>G=>, 8 AB>@>=K 2BO=C;8AL 2 O@>AB=K9 A?>@.

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

>;;538 =5 AB5A=O;8AL 2K@060BL <=5 A2>Q =53>4>20=85, B0: ?@>HQ; 25AL 0?@5;L, 8 O C65 =5 A><=520;AO 2 1;87:><, =5<8=C5<>< 8 65AB>:>< 27@K25. 4<8@0;B59AB2C ?@8H;>AL ;53G5, G5< 0@<88. 4=8 <8@0 @8B0=8O A>45@60;0 :@C?=59H89 =0 A25B5 D;>B 8 A>>B25BAB2CNI85 53> @07<5@C 70?0AK, => 0@<8N >3@0=8G820; :@>E>B=K9 0@A5=0; <8@=>3> 2@5<5=8. 0 2@59=K 8 157 B>3> 3830=BA:89 D;>B 2K@>A ?@8<5@=> 242>5; A:@><=0O, 5A;8 =5 A:070BL 1>;55, 1@8B0=A:0O 0@<8O C25;8G8;0AL 45AOB8:@0B=> 8;8 4065 ?OB=04F0B8:@0B=>. 0 D;>B>< AB>O;8 1>;LH85 :> 9=>9 < >G5=L :@C?=K5 70:07K =0 2AQ =5>1E>48<>5 4<8@0;B59AB2C. 1913 3>4C O ?@54=0<5@5==> C45@60; >B @07>@5=8O «>25=B@8 #>@:A» 8 D;>B ?>;CG8; =>2>3> ?>AB02I8:0 BO6Q;>9 0@B8;;5@89A:>9 B5E=8:8. 0 ?@542>5==K5 3>4K ;=5 >14C<0;8 ?;0=K ?@>872>4AB20 8 A A0< 2>9=K, 5IQ 4> ?@8E>40 $8H5@0, ?CAB8;8 8E 2 @01>BC. !B0@K9 04<8@0; 25@=C;AO 2 4<8@0;B59AB2> 2 =>O1@5 1914 3>40 8 <=>3064K CA:>@8; 45;> 24>E=>25==K< 8 M=5@38G=K< 2<5H0B5;LAB2><. ">340 <>3;8 ;53:> 8 157 ?>43>B>2:8 ?@840BL D;>BC 4>;6=>5 @0728B85, A?@028BLAO A B@51>20=8O<8 A>2@5<5==>9 2>9=K 8 B5E=8G5A:>3> ?@>3@5AA0. #65 2 O=20@5 8 D52@0;5 ;=KE ?0@0E, @01>B0 :8?5;0 2 :064>< 87 45?0@B0<5=B>2. "@C4=>AB8 2>5==>3> 254>7<>6=> A@02=820BL A E>4>< =0H8E 45;. $;>B 459AB2>20; >G5=L M=5@38G=>, 8, =0 45;5, CAC3C18; 154K 0@<88, 70=O2 1>;LHCN G0ABL =0;8G=KE ?@>872>4AB2 70:070<8 A>1AB25==KE 2>>@C65=89. > D0:B >AB0QBAO D0:B><: 2>5==K5 =5 <>3;8 A?@028BLAO A B@C4=>ABO<8 8 <5B>4K 8E =5 >15I0;8 =8:0:>3> 1C4CI53> CA?5E0.

0@0AB0NI85 =5C4>2>;LAB28O 8 AB@0E8 ?>A5;8;8AL =5 B>;L:> 2 :@C3C >5==>3> A>25B0. 8BG5=5@ ?@8HQ; 2 70<5H0B5;LAB2> 8 ?@8=O;AO :0B53>@8G5A:8 @570BL 70?@>AK ?>;52KE 0@<89. $5;L4<0@H0; >B:07K20; D@>=BC 8 2 A0<>< =5>1E>48<><. = 27O;AO ;8G=> @07@010BK20BL =>@2, 1@870=B=KE A=0@O4>2, BO6Q;>9 0@B8;;5@88, GB> 2K3;O45;> C65 A>2A5< 01AC@4=K<, 0 4;O B5E, :B> =5 2540; B@C4=>AB59 8BG5=5@0 ?@>AB> 157=@02AB25==K<. 708<=>5 =5C4>2>;LAB285 >D8F5@>2 !B02:8 8 @01>B=8:>2 2>5==>3> <8=8AB5@AB20 @>A;>. 0;>1K A D@>=B0 <=>38<8 ?CBO<8 4>E>48;8 4> ?@5AAK 8 ?0@;0<5=B0; F5=7C@0 8 ?0B@8>B87< A45@6820;8 >1I5AB25==K5 AB@0AB8, => 15A?>:>9AB2> @>A;> 8 @0A?@>AB@0=O;>AL A :064K< 4=Q<.

A;8 1K 1J548=8;8 2A5 ?0@B88 AB@0=K 2 =0F8>=0;L=>< ?@028B5;LAB25 2 B>B A0<83, 2 548=AB25==K9 8 A2OI5==K9, 2 45=L, :>340 @8B0=8O 2K=C;0 <5G 87 =>65=! 023CAB5, :>340 =0H <8@>;N182K9 8 5A;8 =5 AG8B0BL D;>B0 ?>GB8 157>@C6=K9 =0@>4 2KABC?8; ?@>B82 03@5AA>@0, 2A5 A5@4F0 18;8AL 2 B0:B. 8:>340 1>;55 ;L 4@C6=K, B0: 548=>4CH=K. !B@0=0 A?;>B8;0AL 4;O 5;0, 8 =04> 1K;>, =5 <5H:0O 2K1@0BL 157>H81>G=K9 A?>A>1 459AB28O. <5==> 2 B>B 45=L 1O70=K ?@>2>73;0A8BL ?5@5E>4 2;0AB8 : =0F8>=0;L=>9 3>AC40@AB25==>9 A;C615. "0:>2> 1K;> <>Q =5?@5@5:05<>5 65;0=85. > <><5=B. >=A5@20B82=0O ?0@B8O 2>A?@O=C;0 2 0B<>AD5@5 2>9=K, => 2AO 5Q A8;0 >AB0;0AL =52>AB@51>20==>9; <>3CG59 >??>78F88 >AB0;>AL ;8HL =01;N40BL 70 =587156=K<8 4;O 2>9=K >H81:0<8, =54>AB0B:0<8, =5>6840==>ABO<8 8 @07>G0@>20=8O<8. 5:>B>@>5 2@55 GC2AB2> C45@6820;> ?@>O2;5=8O :>=A5@20B82=KE ;845@>2, 8 >=8 >AB020;8AL ;8HL 7@8B5;O<8 <>;G0;82K<8, => 3=520NI8<8AO. "5?5@L =0?@O65=85 2K@20;>AL =0@C6C. >2AN4C, 2 AB@0=5 8 =0 D@>=B0E, 2 2>5==>< 254><8@0;B59AB25, 2> $@0=F88, C 0@40=5;; =5C4>2>;LAB28O ?5@5@>A;8 2 :@878A, 8 :@878A 701CH520; 2 ?>;=CN A8;C.


;020 30. 8B20 =0 ?;O60E. 25 0?@5;O 1915 3>40.

 

0;;8?>;89A:89 ?>;C>AB@>2 240QBAO 2 -359A:>5 <>@5 25-<8;L=K< >B@>AB:><; 2 :0:8E-B> <5AB0E 53> H8@8=0 4>E>48B 4> 12 <8;L. > «;>4K6:0» ?5@5H55: C 45@52=8 C;08@, 345 ?>;C>AB@>2 A<0B5@8:>< =0AG8BK205B ;8HL 3½ <8;8 <564C 15@530<8, 0 3>@;>28=0 0;;8?>;8 C N3>-2>AB>G=>3> >:>=G0=8O ?> ;8=88 G5@57 094>A 5420 ;8 4>AB8305B 6 <8;L 2 ?>?5@5G=8:5. =0G8B5;L=0O G0ABL ?;>I048 ?>;C>AB@>20 3>@8AB0, =5@>2=0, ?5@5A5GQ=0 >2@030<8. 04 <5AB=>ABLN 3>A?>4AB2CNB 3>@=K5 <0AA82K. E G5BK@5: ?>;C:@C3;0O F5?L 2>:@C3 1CEBK !C2;0, 2KA>B>N 600 700 DCB>2; 3>@0 !0@8 0@, 1>;55 1 000 DCB>2; ?;0B> 8;84 0@ =0?@>B82 #7>AB59 >B 600 4> 700 DCB>2 2KA>BK 8 ?8: G8 010 2KA>B>N 2 700 DCB>2 2 H5AB8 <8;OE >B N3>-70?04=>9 >:>=5G=>AB8 ?>;C>AB@>20.

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

15 AB>@>=K ?>4>H;8 : A@065=8N 2 A;>6=59H59 >1AB0=>2:5 =5>?@545;Q==>AB8 8 =5?@54A:07C5<>AB8. > A8E ?>@ =8:B> =5 >B206820;AO 2KA048BL <>@A:>9 45A0=B ?@>B82 E@01@>3> 2@030 A A>2@5<5==K< >@C685<, ?@>B82 BI0B5;L=> 8 703>4O ?>43>B>2;5==>9 4>;3>2@5<5==>9 >1>@>=K; :070;>AL, B0:0O ?>?KB:0 70@0=55 >1@5G5=0. <5AB5 A B5<, GC45A=0O <>18;L=>ABL 02 0;;8?>;8 2 AB>;L 65 BO3>AB=K5 8 70B@C4=8B5;L=K5 CA;>28O. 5=5@0; 8<0= D>= !0=45@A 7=0;, GB> =0 C4@>A5, 2 38?B5 8 5IQ =58725AB=> 345, => @O4>< A>18@05BAO 0@<8O 2 80 90 000 1>9F>2. >340 8 345 ?>A;54C5B C40@? 07 =0 B@8 <5AB0 2KA04:8 A 2>7<>6=K<8 D0B0;L=K<8 ?>A;54AB28O<8: 0780BA:89 15@53, ?5@5H55: C;08@, N6=0O >:>=5G=>ABL ?>;C>AB@>20. 7 MB8E B@QE, 0780BA:89 15@53 =08;CGH8< >1@07>< 3>48;AO 4;O 4510@:0F88 8 40;L=59H8E <0=Q2@>2 =0 ACH5. KA04:0 =0 ?5@5H55: >BA5:0;0 2A5 30;;8?>;89A:85 2>9A:0 >B <>@A:8E 8 =075<=KE :>< A;>20< D>= !0=45@A0 «<>3;0 40BL AB@0B538G5A:89 @57C;LB0B». > <=5=8N B>3> 65 !0=45@A0, B@5BL5 <5AB> 4;O 2KA04:8[37] «?>;>A0 15@530 ?> >15 AB>@>=K 010-"5?5 ?@54>AB02;O;0 45A0=BC =08;CGH89 H0=A 4;O 1KAB@>3> @5H5=8O: H8@>:0O 4>;8=0, ?@5@K205<0O >4=8< ;8HL ?>;>38< E>;<><, 25;0 0B0:CNI8E ?@O<> : 094>AC»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

0 45;5, 1@8B0=A:>5 :><0=4>20=85 2K18@0;> =5 87 2A5E 0;LB5@=0B82 D>= !0=45@A0. 8BG5=5@ 70?@5B8; 0<8;LB>=C 22O7K20BLAO 2 <0AHB01=CN 0780BA:CN :0 3> =5 1K;> =8 A8;, =8 =075<=>3> B@0=A?>@B0. $;>B =5 @0A?>;030; 4>AB0B>G=K< G8A;>< <0;KE AC4>2 8 =5 <>3 2KA048BL 1>;LHCN 0@<8N C -=>A0 - H5ABL45AOB 8;8 A5<8;L >B 107K 2 C4@>A5 4;O 1@>A:0 =0 C;08@. "5< A0N7=8:0< >AB0;>AL 0B0:>20BL ;8HL =0 N6=>9 >:>=5G=>AB8 ?>;C>AB@>20. > !0=45@A MB>3> =5 7=0; 8 2K=C645= 1K; >AB028BL BC@5F:CN 0@<8N 2 @0745;Q==>< =0B@>5 A>AB>O=88. 8B20, =5 CA?52 =0G0BLAO, A60;0AL 4> B@QE 4=59 B@8 :@0B:8E 4=O 1>@L1K 2A5E 0=3;>-D@0=FC7A:8E A8; 2A5E, GB> A<>3;8 2K45;8BL ?@028B5;LAB20 ?@>B82 4204F0B8 BKAOG BC@>: ?@8 ?OB845AOB8 ?CH:0E =0 N6=>< :>=F5 0;;8?>;89A:>3> ?>;C>AB@>20. /=C 0<8;LB>=C A 60 000 A>N7=8G5A:>3> 2>9A:0 8 ?@8 2A5<5@=>9 ?>445@6:5 <>I=>9 0@B8;;5@89A:>9 A8;K D;>B0 ?@54AB>O;> 2KA048BLAO =0 15@53, ABB5A=8BL 20 000 2@065A:8E 1>9F>2 8 70E20B8BL :;NG52K5, 3>A?>4AB2CNI85 =04 D>@B0<8 #7>AB59 ?>78F88. !B@0H=K9 153 =0?5@53>=:8, A<5@B5;L=>5 8A?KB0=85 A8;.

5@2K< 45;>< =04> 1K;> 2KA048BLAO ?>4 >3=Q<. AE>4 :070;AO =5?@54A:07C5<. 5C40G0 E>@>=8;0 2AN >?5@0F8N. 53:> 1K;> 2>>1@078BL, GB> 1>;LH0O G0ABL A>;40B =5 CA?55B 8 H03C ABC?8BL =0 15@53 8E ?5@51LNB 5IQ 2 ;>4:0E. 8:B> =5 <>3 :0B53>@8G5A:8 >B25@3=CBL 2>7<>6=>AB8 B0:>3> 8AE>40. > ?>A;5 CA?5H=>9 2KA04:8, A<5@B5;L=>5 45;> >1>@0G820;>AL ?@>B82 BC@>: 8< ?@54AB>O;> >B1820BL =0?>@ ?@52>AE>4OI8E A8; ?> <5=LH59 <5@5 B@8 4=O. 8:B> =0 2@065A:>9 AB>@>=5 =5 <>3 70@0=55 >F5=8BL =0H53> ?@52>AE>4AB20. 5H5=85 > G8A;5==>AB8 45A0=B0 >AB020;>AL 70 8BG5=5@><. > ?@8 0B0:5 =54>AB0B>G=K<8 A8;0<8 BC@:8 <>3;8 C45@60BL D@>=B =0 B@8 4=O, 8 ?@58 >?OBL CE>48;> >B A>N7=8:>2. 0 B@5B89 8;8 G5B2Q@BK9 45=L 0B0:CNI85 @0AB@0G820;8 15AF5==>5 A>:@>28I5 2=570?=>AB8. "09=K ?C=:B0 2KA04:8 1>;55 =5 ACI5AB2C5B, 45A0=B ?>GB8 1572>72@0B=> ?@8:>20= : ?;0F40@68405BAO 1>;LH8E ?>4:@5?;5=89, 7025@H05B 75<;O=K5 @01>BK 8 702>520B5;8, 2 :>=5G=>< AGQB5, >:07K20NBAO ?5@54 3;02=K<8 BC@5F:8<8 A8;0<8, ABO=CBK<8 A> 2A5E :>=F>2 BB><0=A:>9 8 3> ?;0=0 7028A5; >B 1KAB@>BK 8 A8;K ?5@2>3> C40@0.

/= 0<8;LB>= =0G0; 2KA04:C =0 0;;8?>;8 A @0AA25B>< 25 0?@5;O. AB>@8N 8B2K =0 ?;O60E <=>3064K @0AA:07K20;8 8 5IQ <=>65AB2> @07 ?5@5A:06CB. -B> O@:89 M?87>4; >= AB>8B =0>A>18FC A@548 <>=>B>==>9, A:>@1=>9 8AB>@88 5;8:>9 2>9=K A 5Q 15A:>=5G=K<8 65@B20<8 8 =5?@5<5==>9 @57=Q9. #=8:0;L=K9 E0@0:B5@ >?5@0F88, 87C<8B5;L=>5 05 45;>, ?>A?5H=>5, A<5@B5;L=>5, 070@B=>5, 15A?@5@K2=>5 A>ABO70=85 >158E 0@<89; AB02:0 25;8:>9 F5==>AB8; ?@545;L=0O O@>ABL A>;40B E@8AB80= 8 <0= 2 AE20B:5 70 ?>154C, AB>@>9 ?>=8<0;8 2A5, @O4>2K5 8 35=5@0;K 8AB>@8:8 =04>;3> 70A84OBAO =04 MB8< M?87>4><. 45AL =52>7<>6=> >?8A0BL 2A5 ?>42838 B>3> 4=O. 'B>1K >B40BL 35@>O< A?@0254;82>ABL, ?>=04>18;AO 1K F5;K9 B>< ?> 3;025 =0 ?;O6, ?> AB@0=8F5 =0 10B0;L>=. K <>65< 40BL ;8HL 01@8A: E>4 >A=>2=KE A>1KB89 8 8E ?>A;54AB28O.

0<8;LB>= @5H8; 0B0:>20BL 2@030 =0 N6=>9 >:>=5G=>AB8 ?>;C>AB@>20 ?> 42C< 3;02=K<, AE>4OI8<. 5@2CN 0B0:C 25;0 29-O 482878O A ?OB8 ?C=:B>2 >4=>2@5<5==>9 2KA04:8 2 >:@5AB=>AB8 @0O 1K;0 ?>@CG5=0 2AB@0;89A:>2>75;0=4A:><59A:>@?CAC; 2KA06820;AO C 010-"5?5 =0?@>B82 094>A0. 0: B0, B0: 8 4@C30O 0B0:0 <>3;0 >:070BLAO @57C;LB0B82=>9 4065 8 ?@8 C<5@5==>< CA?5E5, >15 1K;8 =0?@02;5=K ?@>B82 548=AB25==>9 BC@5F:>9 A8;K =0 N6=>9 >:>=5G=>AB8 ?>;C>AB@>20 - 42CE 2@065A:8E 4828789. $@0=FC7K ?><>30;8 >A=>2=>B2;5:0NI8< <0=Q2@>< - 2KA04:>9 =0 0780BA:>< 15@53C C @C8= "@>8, 0 >@A:0O 482878O =0 B@0=A?>@B0E 8 2 A>?@>2>645=88 2>5==KE :>@01;59 8<8B8@>20;0 45A0=B =0 C;08@A:>< ?5@5H59:5.

725AB8O > 2B>@65=88 ?@8H;8 2 HB01-:20@B8@C BC@>: 2 3>@>45 0;;8?>;8 @0=> CB@><.

8<0= D>= !0=45@A:

 

B5 @0==85 G0AK, 1;54=K5 ;8F0 @0?>@BCNI8E >D8F5@>2 2K:07K20;8 @0AB5@O==>ABL 8 <@0G=K5 >?0A5=8O; 2A5 ;030;8 2KA04:C 2@030 =587156=K< 45;><, => 53> >4=>2@5<5==>5 ?>O2;5=85 2> <=>65AB25 <5AB AB0;> 4;O 1>;LH8=AB20 =5>6840==>ABLN.

/ A@07C 65 ?>=O; - (BCB 284=> =5:>B>@>5 A0<>4>2>;LAB2> - !0=45@A =8:0: =5 <>3 7=0BL, 345 ?@54?@8=OBK 8AB8==K5, 0 345 ;>6=K5 0B0:8) GB> =0< =5G53> <5=OBL 2 48A?>78F88. K ?>AG8B0;8 =5:>B>@K5 ?C=:BK =081>;55 >?0A=K<8, 8 >A>1> ?>701>B8;8AL >1 8E >1>@>=5; 8<5==> B0< 8 2KA048;AO =5?@8OB5;L.

 

5@<0=A:89 :><0=4CNI89 >?@545;8; >48= 87 CG0AB:>2 :0: A0B25BAB25==K9: «/ 4>;65= 1K; >AB020BLAO 2 C;08@5: =0< 1K;> 687=5==> 206=> C45@60BL ?>;C>AB@>2 >B:@KBK< 8<5==> 2 MB>< <5AB5» 8 =5<54;5==> ?@8:070; 7-9 4828788 2AB0BL ;035@5< 2>7;5 0;;8?>;8. 5AL 4>;389 45=L, =5278@0O =0 A>>1I5=8O >1 >BG0O==>9 1>@L15 70 ?@>B82>?>;>6=K9 :>=5F ?>;C>AB@>20, !0=45@A 45@60; !54L= C1548;AO 2 >4=>9 ;8HL 45<>=AB@0F88 D;>B0 2 70;825 !0@>A, => 8 B>340 A=O; A 206=59H8E ;8=89 C;08@0 B>;L:> ?OBL 10B0;L>=>2. >4:@5?;5=8O CH;8 ?> 2>45 =0 ?><>IL BO6:> ?@5B5@?5202H8< =0?@>B82 094>A0 BC@5F:8< 2>9A:0<. B>;L:> CB@>< 26 0?@5;O, G5@57 4204F0BL G5BK@5 G0A0 ?>A;5 2KA04:8, 35@<0=A:89 35=5@0; @5H8;AO, >B40; ?@8:07 8 >B?@028; >AB02H85AO G0AB8 5-9 8 7-9 4828789 >B C;08@0 - >=8 =5 <>3;8 CA?5BL : 094>AC 4> A;54CNI53> 4=O, 4> 27 0?@5;O. "5?5@L, ?> 53> A>1AB25==K< A;>20< «?>GB8 2A5 BC@5F:85 2>9A:0 CH;8 87 25@E=59 G0AB8 70;820 !0@>A», 8 2 >?CAB52H8E ?0;0B:0E 24>;L E>;<8AB>9 3@O4K >AB0;8AL B>;L:> «A0?Q@=0O @>B0 8 =5A:>;L:> @01>G8E :><0=4». 0;55 D>= !0=45@A ?8H5B:

 

/ ?@8=O; BO6:>5, >B25BAB25==>5 @5H5=85 8 A=O; 2A5 2>9A:0 A 15@53>2 25@E=59 G0AB8 70;820 !0@>A - 2@03 ?>;CG8; 1>;LH>5 ?@52>AE>4AB2> =0 N6=>9 >:>=5G=>AB8 ?>;C>AB@>20, 4>;6=> 1K;> @8A:>20BL. A;8 1K 1@8B0=FK C7=0;8 > =0H59 CO728<>AB8, >=8 2?>;=5 <>3;8 1K 8A?>;L7>20BL 5Q A >3@><=>9 4;O A51O ?>;L7>9.

 

!C645=85 2KA>:>:> 3> A>;40B0 1>;55 G5< :@0A=>@5G82>: >=> =542CA 3>2>@8B > 687=5==>9 4;O BC@>: =5>1E>48<>AB8 2 :>< C;08@A:>3> D0:B0 AB>8B ?>@07< 8BG5=5@0: «0: B>;L:> D;>B ?@>E>48B @>;82K, ?>78F88 =0 0;;8?>;89A:>< ?>;C>AB@>25 B5@ONB 2AO:>5 7=0G5=85».

> 25@=Q[38] 7 2A5E ?OB8 ?C=:B>2 2KA04:8 2 >:@5AB=>ABOE < 1K; ?;O6 «V» 21;878 @C8= D>@B0 !544-M;L-0@ B0< 45A0=B8@>20;0AL 88-O 1@83040. 25 A ;8H=8< BKAOG8 C1;8=A:8E 8 0=AB5@A:8E AB@5;:>2 2<5AB5 A %M ;:>< =018;8AL 2 B@N< « 825@ ;0940» - A?5F80;L=> >1>@C4>20==>3> ?>4 45A0=B ?0@>E>40. !C4=> >AB0=>28;>AL 2 =5A:>;L:8E O@40E >B 15@530. AB02HCNAO ?>;>AC 2>4K ?@54?>;030;>AL ?5@5:@KBL <>AB>< 87 42CE ;8EB5@>2 8;8 10@6, 8 2KA048BL ?> =0?;02=>9A:0, @>BC 70 @>B>9. 4=>2@5<5==>, >AB02H0OAO G0ABL C1;8=A:8E AB@5;:>2 H;0 : 15@53C =0 ;>4:0E. 5A0=B >B@060;8 2A53> G5BK@5 8;8, ?> 1>;LH5B5= BC@>:, => 2@03 C<5;> C:@K;AO A@548 E>;<>2, @07@CH5==KE AB@>5=89, >18;L=> CA8;8; >1>@>=C E>@>H8<8 ?C;5<8=K 8 =0BO=C; :>;NGCN ?@>2>;>:C =0 15@53C 8 ?>4 2>4>9. 0: B>;L:> 8@;0=4FK @20=C;8AL 87 >BA5:>2 « 825@ ;0940», 0 ;>4:8 ?>4>H;8 : ?5@2>9 ;8=88 ?>42>4=KE ?@>2>;>G=KE 703@0645=89, 25AL <0;5=L:89 0< >3=Q<. @>2>;>:0 8 A<5@BL 3@51F>2 >AB0=>28;8 ;>4:8. 8EB5@K A=5A;> B5G5=85< 8 8E A B@C4>< 25@=C;8 =0 <5AB>. 0 =5A:>;L:> <8=CB ?>381;0 ?>;>28=0 2KH54H8E 87 ?0@>E>40 A>;40B. >2AN4C =0 ;>4:0E, ;8EB5@0E, AE>4=OE, 2 2>45, C :@0O 15@530 ;560;8 3@C4K C<8@0NI8E 8 CF5;52H85 @20;8AL 2?5@Q4, G5@57 <>@5 8 ?@>2>;>:C; 4> 15@530 4>1@0;8AL =5<=>385. C1;8=FK 8 <0=AB5@FK 2KE>48;8 87 « 825@ ;0940» =0 1>9=N 272>4 70 272>4><, =5 2K:07K20O =8:0:8E :>;510=89 8 ?@5@K20O 42865=85 ;8HL ?> =5>B;>6=>9 =5>1E>48<>AB8: 2@5B 2@5<5=8 >B25BAB25==K5 70 :@5?>ABL =0?;02=>3> <>AB0 8 70 A0< ?;0= 8A?>;L7>20=8O ?0@>E>40 :><<0=45@ #=28= A> A2>59 <0;5=L:>9 :><0=4>9 >AB0=02;820;8 1>9F>2 GB>1K C:@5?8BL ;8EB5@K 8 AE>4=8 ?>4 =5C1K20NI8< A28=F>2K< ;82=5<; >4=8 4>6840;8AL A2>59 >G5@548, 4@C385 - A?0A0;8 B>=CI8E, C<8@0NI8E 8 @20;8AL =0 15@53 2 35@>8G5A:>< 2>>4CH52;5=88 2KA>G09H53> =0:0;0. 8@ 2=>2L C2845; :@>202K5 AF5=K 2 ?@>;><0E AB5= 040E>A0. 8GB> =5 ?><>30;>. KA04:0 >15@=C;0AL :@>202>9 157KAE>4=>ABLN. #F5;52H85 =0H;8 70I8BC ?>4 15@53>2K<8 4N=0<8; 2>7<>6=>, GB> >48= ;8HL >3>=L ?C;52 :><<0=45@0 5462C40 A 10:0 « 825@ ;0940» A?0A 8E >B ?>;=>3> 8AB@51;5=8O. ><0=4CNI89 1@8304>9, 35=5@0; M?8@, 1K; C18B; ?>A;5 MB>3> 2KA04:C >AB0=>28;8 4> =0ABC?;5=8O B5<=>BK.

5;0 =0 ?;O65 «W» ?>H;8 =5 ;CGH8< >1@07><. "0<, 2A;54 70 BO6Q;>9 1><10@48@>2:>9 D;>B><, =0ABC?0;8 0=:0H8@A:85 AB@5;:8: >=8 ?>H;8 : 15@53C =0 B@84F0B8 8;8 A>@>:0 :0B5@0E, 3@51=KE 8 1C:A8@C5B:@K;8 >3>=L, :>340 ?5@20O ;>4:0 :>A=C;0AL 75<;8, 8 A=>20 4>18;8AL C189AB25==>3> @57C;LB0B0. 5;8:>;5?=K9 10B0;L>= 65AB>:> ?>AB@040; >B @C659=>-?C;53> >3=O, >B <>@A:8E 8 =075<=KE <8=, => ?>4>HQ; : ?;O6C 21@>4, A?@028;AO A ?@>2>;>:>9 8 ?>:070; 25;8:>;5?=CN ?>43>B>2:C, 2KBO=C2 24>;L 15@530 >A;01;5==K5, => 459AB25==K5 >1>@>=8B5;L=K5 ;8=88. 2830BLAO 2?5@Q4 >=8 =5 <>3;8; :070;>AL, 8 MB0 0B0:0 70E;51=C;0AL, => 45;C ?><>3 AG0AB;82K9 A;CG09. >4:8 A ;52>D;0=3>2>9 @>B>9 =0B:=C;8AL =0 A:0;K, >B25@=C;8, 87<5=8;8 =0?@02;5=85 8 ?>4>H;8 : 15@53C 70 < "5:5. !>;40BK 2KH;8 =0 75<;N A <0;K<8 ?>B5@O<8, ?>4=O;8AL =0 >1@K28ABK9 15@53, >1@CH8;8AL A25@EC =0 BC@5F:8E ?C;52 8 27O;8 8E 2 HBK:8. AB0B:8 10B0;L>=0 C 15@53>2>9 ;8=88 2>A?>;L7>20;8AL 2@5<5==>9 70<8=:>9 2@065A:>3> >3=O, ?@>@20;8AL 2?5@Q4, 2 =C ?>4 >1@K2><, 2A:0@01:0;8AL =025@E 8 ?@>G=> CB25@48;8AL =0 25@H8=5 E>;<0. :>;> 452OB8 G0A>2 : =8< ?@81K;8 CAB5@FK; =0G0;0AL 1>@L10 70 @0728B85 ?;0F40@<0.

!;520 >B ;0=:0H8@F52 =0 ?;O65 «X» 2KA06820;8AL >@>;52A:85 AB@5;:8. « :85@) ?>445@60; 45A0=B ?@52>AE>4=>9 AB@5;L1>9 A 1;86=59 48AB0=F88. 0 0=:0H8@F0<8 H;8 =A:8;;8=3FK 8 >3@0=8G=K9 ?>;:; ?>A;54>20;0 O@>AB=0O 8 @5H8B5;L=0O 0B0:0, 1>9FK 70E20B8;8 2KA>BK 70 < "5:5 8 CAB0=>28;8 :>=B0:B A 45A0=B>< CG0AB:0 «W».

2C< 10B0;L>=0< <>@A:>9 ?5E>BK 4>AB0;AO ?C=:B «Y» - ?> ;52CN @C:C 8 2 <8;5 >B ?;O60 «X». >@A:85 ?5E>B8=FK 2KA048;8AL 157 548=>9 ?>B5@8. "C@:8 0B0:>20;8 2 AC<5@:0E; ?>CB@C, 45A0=B 2K720; ;>4:8 8 CHQ; >1@0B=> 2 <>@5, CA?52, >4=0:>, >B2;5GL 7=0G8B5;L=K5 A8;K 2@030 >B A>A5459 8 B5< ?><>GL 459AB28O< =0 ?@>G8E CG0AB:0E. 0 ?@>B82>?>;>6=><, ?@02>< :>=F5 ;8=88 (?;O6 «S»), 45A0=B8@>20;AO B@5B89 10B0;L>= <>@A:>9 ?5E>BK. = 157 ?><5E 2KA048;AO C AB0@>9 :@5?>AB8, =0720==>9 «0B0@5O 45 ">BBA0» 8 C:@5?8;AO =0 87>;8@>20==>9 ?>78F88. ! =0ABC?;5=85< B5<=>BK, >AB02H85AO =0 « 825@ ;0945» A>;40BK 4>1@0;8AL 4> 15@530 157 40;L=59H8E 65@B2, ?>AB5?5==> >2;045;8 2A5< ?;O65< «V» 8 =5:>B>@K<8 @07@>7=5==K<8 CG0AB:0<8 ?> >158< 53> AB>@>=0<. B0:, : :>=FC 4=O 2>9A:0 70=O;8 ?>78F88 =0 2A5E ?OB8 0B0:>20==KE ?;O60E, 2A53> =0 15@53 2KA048;8AL >:>;> 9 000 G5;>25:. !@548 =8E =0AG8BK20;>AL =5 <5=55 3 000 C18BKE 8 @0=5=KE; >AB02H85AO 2 AB@>N =5?@>G=> 2F5?8;8AL 2 4>1KBK5 :@>2LN CG0AB:8 2>:@C3 >:>=5G=>AB8 ?>;C>AB@>20.

5@594Q< :> 2B>@>9 0B0:8.

0<8;LB>= @5H8; 2KA048BL C 010-"5?5[39] A @0AGQB>< C40@8BL ?>?5@Q: 3>@;>28=K ?>;C>AB@>20 =0 094>A. 06=59H89 45A0=B 4>;65= 1K; ?@>9B8 =5 B0: :0: 2KA04:0 29-9 4828788 C %5;;5A0: ?@54?>;030;>AL, GB> 0B0:C5B 4> @0AA25B0 8 157 0@B8;;5@89A:>9 ?>43>B>2:8. 0<8;LB>= =045O;AO, GB> ?>:0 29-O 482878O >B2;5:05B BC@>: =0 >:>=5G=>ABL ?>;C>AB@>20, 02AB@0;89FK C40@OB 2@030 2 A0<>5 CO728<>5 <5AB> 8 4>1LNBAO 70<5G0B5;L=>3> CA?5E0. KA04:C 3>B>28;8AL 25AB8 2>;=0<8, A> H;N?>: 8 ;8EB5@>2 ?@8 ?>445@6:5 MA<8=F52, ?> 1 500 G5;>25: 2 MH5;>=5. 5AB>< 2KA04:8 2K1@0;8 CG0AB>: ?5@5A5GQ==>9, B@C4=>9 8 2@O4 ;8 E>@>H> >1>@C4>20==>9 4;O >1>@>=K <5AB=>AB8 2 ?>;C<8;5 : A525@C >B 010-"5?5. > 2 B5<=>B5 4;8==0O 25@5=8F0 ;>4>: ?@><0E=C;0AL <8<> F5;8, ?>4>H;0 : 15@53C <8;59 A525@=55 8 2>H;0 2 <0;5=L:CN 1CEBC, >:@C65==CN A:0;L=K< 0<; 4> B>9 ?>@K 70;82G8: =07K20;8 @8 C@=C; B5?5@L MB> 1CEB0 0. 02830F8>==0O >H81:0 >15@=C;0AL 0B0:>9 2 A>25@H5==> =5>6840==>< 4;O =5?@8OB5;O <5AB5. !0< 2KE>4 =0 15@53 >1>HQ;AO <0;K<8 ?>B5@O<8, >1@K28ABK9 15@53 ?@8:@K; 45A0=B >B 0@B8;;5@89A:>3> >3=O. <5AB5 A B5<, =5>6840==>ABL A <5AB>< 2KA04:8 C25;0 0B0:CNI8E >B H8@>:>9 4>;8=K <56 010-"5?5 8 094>A>< 2 >1<0=G82K9 ;018@8=B 273>@:>2 8 ;>I8=, @0AE>4OI8EAO 2> 2A5 AB>@>=K >B 3>@K !0@8 08@. B>2K9 ?;0F40@< >B45;8;0 0B0:C >B 459AB289 29-9 4828788 =0

0: B>;L:> D;>B8;8O ?@81;878;0AL : 15@53C, BC@5F:85 4>7>@K >B:@K;8 15A?>@O4>G=K9 >3>=L, => 02AB@0;89FK :8=C;8AL 87 ;>4>: 2 <>@5, =0 ?;O6 8 ?>;57;8 225@E, ?> >1@K20< 8 A:0;0<, 2 BCA:;>< A25B5 70=8<0NI53>AO 4=O, 3>=O ?5@54 A>1>N 2@030. >4>H;8 MA<8=FK A 1>9F0<8 2B>@>9 2>;=K 2 2 500 G5;>25:, 8 G5@57 ?>;B>@0 G0A0 =0 15@53 2KA048;>AL C65 4 000 A>;40B. B0:0 :0B8;0AL : 2>AE>4OI5;=FC ?>4 =5?@5@K2=K< >3=Q< 8 4> =0ABC?;5=8O ?>;=>3> 4=O, CA?5;0 87@O4=> ?@>428=CBLAO 23;C1L ?>;C>AB@>20. G5B25@BL 2>AL<>3> =0 15@53 A>H;> 8 000 G5;>25:. C659=K9 8 0@B8;;5@89A:89 >1AB@5; ?;O60 ?>AB>O==> CA8;820;AO, => : 42C< G0A0< 4=O ?5@54>20O 2AB@0;89A:0O 482878O G8A;>< 2 12 000 1>9F>2 8 425 10B0@58 8=489A:>9 3>@=>9 0@B8;;5@88 70=O;8 ?>;C:@C3;CN ;8=8N 7=0G8B5;L=>9 ?@>BO6Q==>AB8. 0B5< ?>4>A?5;0 2-O 482878O, 2:;NG0NI0O >2>75;0=4A:CN 1@8304C, 8 G5@57 4204F0BL G5BK@5 G0A0 =0 ?>;C>AB@>2 2KA048;8AL 2A5 20 000 A>;40B 2<5AB5 A <0;>9 G0ABLN 0@B8;;5@88.

5@2K9 C40@ A>N7=8G5A:>9 0@<88 2K?0;> >B@060BL 42C< BC@5F:8< 482878O<, 157> 2AO:>9 ?>445@6:8 872=5 8 !0=45@A @0A?>;>68; 8E A0<>B@8B5;L=K< >1@07><. 52OBL 10B0;L>=>2 9-9 4828788 >E@0=O;8 =081>;55 25@>OB=K5 <5AB0 2KA04:8 ?> 15@53C >B 010-"5?5 4> 70;820 >@B>; >AB02H85AO B@8 10B0;L>=0 8 452OBL 10B0;L>=>2 19-9 4828788 AB>O;8 2 @575@25 C 094>A0.

MB>9 AB@0==>9 8AB>@88, :><0=48@>< 19-9 4828788 >:070;AO C6 !C4L1K CAB0D0 5<0;L-159. 24 0?@5;O 5;: 57-9 =0 ?>;52K5 CG5=8O; ?>;:C ?@54AB>O;> 2K9B8 =0CB@>, : 2KA>:>9 3>@5 !0@8 08@ (KA>B0 971). !C4L10 70AB0;0 B@8 10B0;L>=0 ;CGH53> ?>;:0 =0 CB@5==5< ?>AB@>5=88: 2 5:30 CB@0 ?@8H;8 ?5@2K5 25AB8 > 2KA04:5. 0B5< ?>4>A?5;8 =>2K5 A2545=8O: 1@8B0=FK, G8A;>< >:>;> >4=>3> 10B0;L>=0 2KA048;8AL 2 @8 C@=C 8 =0ABC?0NB =0 !0@8 08@. !0<8-?0H0 (:><0=4CNI89 2>9A:0<8 N6=>9 >:>=5G=>AB8 ?>;C>AB@>20) 8 A0< !0=45@A A>G;8 2KA04:C 2 @8 C@=C >B2;5:0NI59 C;>2:>9; 5<0;N ?@8:070;8 2K45;8BL 4;O >B@065=8O 0B0:8 >48= ;8HL 10B0;L>=. > 35=5@0; ?@>@>G5A:8 ?>=O; A8;C 8 >?0A=>ABL C40@0. CAB0D0 5<0;L, =0 A2>9 AB@0E 8 @8A: ?@8:070; 2A5;:C 2<5AB5 A 0@B8;;5@89A:>9 10B0@559 2AB@5B8BL 2@030 8 ?>HQ; : <5ABC 2KA04:8 A0<, ?5H:><, 2> 3;025 ?5@54>2>9 @>BK, A :0@B>9 2 @C:5. >E>4 =5 70=O; <=>3> 2@5<5=8 8 C65 G5@57 G0A 5<0;L 2AB@5B8; G0AB8 BC@5F:8E A8; ?@8:@KB8O, ?OBOI85AO ?>4 <>I=K< =0B8A:>< 02AB@0;89F52. =, =5 <54;O ?@8:070; ?5@54>2>=C @0725@=CBLAO 4;O 0B0:8, ;8G=> 2K1@0; ?>78F8N 4;O 10B0@58 3>@=KE >@C489 8 @07<5AB8; =0 =59 ?CH:8. 0B5< 8 >?OBL 157 :0:>3>-;81> ?@8:070 A25@EC 5<0;L 2K720; 77-9 ?>;:. "C@5F:89 3;02=>:><0=4CNI89 ?@8A:0:0; =0 <5AB> : 10 G0A0< CB@0, 8 =0HQ; GCBL ;8 =5 25AL @575@2 N6=>9 G0AB8 ?>;C>AB@>20 2 1>N; 45AOBL 10B0;L>=>2 8 2AO =0;8G=0O 0@B8;;5@8O 65AB>:> 4@0;8AL A 02AB@0;89F0<8.[40]

02O70;AO BO6:89 8 AC<0B>H=K9 1>9. >;3>2O7K5, 4N685 1>9FK @20;8AL 23;C1L ?>;C>AB@>20 2> 2A5E =0?@02;5=8OE, 2 O@>AB=>< 1@>A:5, 2 B>< 65 15A?>@O4:5, :0: 8 ?>A;5 2KA04:8 A ;>4>:, ?KB0OAL 70E20B8BL :064K9 4N9< 75<;8. "5?5@L 8E 2AB@5B8;8 2>9A:0 ?>4 ?@52>AE>4=K< C?@02;5=85< E@01@>3> :><0=48@0 8 2AQ 1>;55 ?;>B=K9 0@B8;;5@89A:89 >3>=L. >9 @0718;AO =0 <=>65AB2> <5;:8E, :@>202KE, 15760;>AB=KE ABKG5: 2 3;C1>:8E ;82=52KE ?@><>8=0E, 2 70@>A;OE :CAB0@=8:0, A@548 A:0;. >I04K =5 ?@>A8;8 8 =5 4020;8; BC@:8 @570;8 <5;:85 ?0@B88 02AB@0;89F52 =5 I04O =8:>3> - 2@03 =5 1@0; 2 ?;5= =8 682KE, =8 @0=5=KE.

! >158E AB>@>=, : :>;51;NI59AO 8 =5GQB:>9 ;8=88 1>O A?5H8;8 ?>4:@5?;5=8O. 57=O ?@>4>;60;0AL 25AL 45=L 8 2AN =>GL A =5CB8E0NI59 O@>ABLN. @03 ?>B5@O; 1>;55 ?>;>28=K 2>2;5GQ==KE 2 1>@L1C A>;40B. ?>;C=>G8 25 0?@5;O ?>;>65=85 ?5@54>2>9 ;8=88 8 ABO3G8;8AL =0AB>;L:>, GB> 35=5@0; Q@42C4 8 02AB@0;89A:85 1@83048@K 703>2>@8;8 > =5<54;5==>9 M20:C0F88 2>9A: <>@5<: =5<54;5==>, ?>:0 5IQ =5 ?>74=>. > BCB >:070;>AL, GB> 1@8B0=A:89 3;02=>:><0=4CNI89 ?>=8<05B 02AB@0;89A:>3> A>;40B0 =5 2 ?@8<5@ ;CGH5 A0<0=48@>2 .

1AC482 45;> A 04<8@0;>< "5@A18, 8 =094O 2 =Q< ?>;=>5 548=><8;LB>= >B40; :>@>B:89 ?@8:07: «:0?K20BLAO 8 AB>OBL 4> :>=F0». ! MB>3> <><5=B0 8 =0 2A5 ?>A;54>202H85 <5AOFK 2 BC@5F:>9 8 AL A8;K, A?>A>1=>9 2K45@=CBL 87 3@C=B0 0;;8?>;8 2F5?82H8EAO 2 75<;N 0=B8?>4>2.

AN =>GL 26 0?@5;O ?>;>65=85 =0 ?;O65 «V»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«;L18>=» 4>;3> 8 65AB>:> >1AB@5;820; BC@5F:85 @54CBK. 0=>=040 >:>=G8;0AL 8 428681I8< 45;>< A1>@=K5 G0AB8 0=3;89A:8E 8 8@;0=4A:8E A>;40B =0G0;8 =>2CN 0B0:C, 2KH;8 =0 HBC@< 87 @0720;8= !544-M;L-0@0 ?@8 ?>;=>< A25B5 15A?>I04=>3> 4=52=>3> A>;=F0 8 2K18;8 C?>@=KE BC@>: 87 C:@5?;5=89. K682H85 ?>A;5 2KA04:8 1>9FK B@QE 10B0;L>=>2 B@C48;8AL =0 @0B=>< ?>;5 4>;3>, 157 ?5@5@K20 8 CAB0;8; :065BAO, 8E A8;K 1K;8 =58AG5@?05@8O =0H53> >AB@>2=>3> =0@>40 ?>GB8 =5 7=05B 8;8 2>2A5 =5 7=05B ?>4>1=KE @0B=KE ?>4283>2, ?@8<5@>2 B0:>3> 65 C?>@AB20, 2K=>A;82>AB8 8 A8;K 4CE0. >< 70<5G0B5;L=>3> >D8F5@0 ?>;:>2=8:0 >B8-#09;8: 8<5==> >= 70=>2> >@30=87>20; 2>9A:0 C :@><:8 <>@O, ?>43>B>28; 1>9F>2 : 0B0:5 8 24>E=>28; =0 CA?5H=K9 HBC@<. = ?0; ?>4>1=> >;LDC[41] 2 A0<><5=B ?>154K, 70E20G5==0O :@5?>ABL AB0;0 #09;8 <>38;>9 8 =>A8B B5?5@L 53> 8;40BK.

25G5@C 26 0?@5;O, ?>A;5 CA?5H=KE 0B0: 8 2 @57C;LB0B5 ?>AB>O==>3> 402;5=8O 1@8B0=F52 =0 8=KE CG0AB:0E, ?;0F40@V», «W» 8 «X» - A><:=C;8AL 2 548=CN 4C3C 24>;L 15@530, D@>=B 4>BO=C;AO 8 4> >48=>:>3> 10B0;L>=0 =0 ?;O65 «S». 204F0BL A54L<>3> 0?@5;O A>N7=8:8 ?>;CG8;8 ?>4:@5?;5=85 2 G5BK@5 D@0=FC7A:8E 10B0;L>=0 8 2>A?>;L7>20;8AL =52K3>40<8 =5?@8OB5;O CB><;5=85<, BO6:8<8 ?>B5@O<8, G8A;5==>9 <0;>ABLN: 4C30 2K?@O<8;0AL 2 ;8=8N >B ?>78F88 2 42CE <8;OE A525@=55 0B0@58 45 ">BBA0. @09 0;;8?>;8 1K; 70E20G5=, ?;O68 1>;55 =5 ?@>AB@5;820;8AL @C659=K< >3=Q<, 0@<8O C45@60;0 @07@>7=5==K5 <5AB0 2KA04:8 8 A><:=C;0 8E 2 548=K9 ?;0F40@<.

0 26 8 27 0?@5;O =0 ?>;C>AB@>2 2KA048;8AL >AB02H85AO ?>4@0745;5=8O 29-9 4828788, >@A:0O 482878O 8 482878O D@0=FC7A:8E 2>9A:. 0 28 0?@5;O 0<8;LB>= =07=0G8; 35=5@0;L=>5 =0ABC?;5=85 >B >:>=5G=>AB8 0;;8?>;8 =0 45@52=N @8B8O. ;O BC@>: =0ABC?8; :@8B8G5A:89 <><5=B. >AB>O==K5 ?>4:@5?;5=8O 8 @5>@30=870F8O >1>@>=K =5 <>3;8 2>A?>;=8BL ?>B5@L 2 4=8 2KA04:8. > 2@065A:8E 10B0;L>=0E >AB020;>AL ?> 500 G5;>25:. ?>;C4=N BC@:8 225;8 2 45;> 25AL A2>9 @575@2. > 1@8B0=F0< 8 D@0=FC70< =5 E20B0;> A8; ?@>18BLAO G5@57 @C659=K9 >3>=L =5?@8OB5;O. >3=CBK9 @5;L5D <5AB=>AB8 =5 40; :>@015;L=K< >@C48O< @01>B0BL 2 ?>;=CN A8;C, 0@<8O =5 CA?5;0 @0725@=CBL 4>AB0B>G=>9 =075<=>9 0@B8;;5@88. 25G5@C 28 0?@5;O A8;K ?@>B82=8:>2 ?@8H;8 2 ?>;=>5 @02=>25A85. A;8 1K 28 8;8 29 0?@5;O A8;8 =0 2@065A:85 ;8=88 425 8;8 B@8 A25685, D@0=FC7A:85, 1@8B0=A:85 8;8 8=489A:85 4828788, B> >1O70B5;L=> ?@>@20;8 1K BC@5F:CN >1>@>=C 8 70E20B8;8 :;NG52K5 ?>78F88. B> 2@5AB020;8AL ?CABK, >1=065=K, 15770I8B=K ?5@54 ;N1K< 45A0=B>< A <>@O. > 1K; ;8 2 70?0A5 A25689 8 B0: =5>1E>48<59A:89 :>@?CA? K;. 5O;> 84B8 2 1>9. = 1K; >1@5GQ= =0 GC4>28I=K5 ?>B5@8. > 8<5==> B5?5@L, :>340 ?>1540 >?@545;Q==> 7028A5;0 >B >4=>3> A25653> :>@?CA0, >= >AB020;AO 157 45;0 2 38?B5 8 =3;88.

"C@:8 3>B>28;8 A;54CNI89 E>4. >4:@5?;5=8O =5C:;>==> 8 1KAB@> 42830;8AL : 42C< BO6:> ?@5B5@?520NI8< ?5@54>2K< 482878O<. 4=0 70 4@C3>9 ?>4E>48;8 G0AB8 >B C;08@0. 15-O 482878O H;0 ?> <>@N 87 >=AB0=B8=>?>;O 2 8;8N. 11-O 482878O A?5H8;0 A 0780BA:>3> 15@530. =8 29 8 30 0?@5;O ?@>H;8 157> 2AO:8E A>1KB89.

#B@>< 27 0?@5;O 2 4<8@0;B59AB2> ?@8H;0 B5;53@0<<0 45 >15:0: >BGQB > A@065=88. / =5<54;5==> >B?@028;AO : 8BG5=5@C. = 2K@078; 68259H55 C4>2>;LAB285, C7=02 > 2KA04:5 29 000 G5;>25:. $5;L4<0@H0; ?>AG8B0;, GB> :C;L<8=0F8O ?@>945=0: =0 15@53 2KH;8 1>;LH85 A8;K, B5?5@L 45;> 70 <0;K<. > 28 G8A;0 ?@8H;8 =>2K5 B5;53@0<B5@8, 25;8:0O 65AB>:>ABL 8 70B@C4=8B5;L=K9 E>4 A@065=8O. B>B 65 45=L < ?@8H;8 2 2>5==>5 <8=8AB5@AB2> 8 4@C6=> ?@8720;8 8BG5=5@0 2KA;0BL 0<8;LB>=C 1>;LH>5 ?>4:@5?;5=85 87 38?B0 8 ?@8:070BL 2>9A:0< =0 @8B0=A:8E >AB@>20E 3>B>28BLAO : >B?;KB8N. $8H5@ C15640; D5;L4<0@H0;0 :@0A=>@5G82> 8 =58AB>2>, O AB0@0;AO, :0: B>;L:> <>3. 0H8 3>@OG=>ABL 8 O2=>5 AB@OA;8 A:5?B8G5A:>3> ?>=0G0;C 8BG5=5@0. B>B 65 25G5@ >= B5;53@0D8@>20; 6>=C 0:A25;;C 8 /=C 0<8;LB>=C 8 @0A?>@O48;AO ?5@540BL 2 A>AB02 40@40=5;;LA:>3> :>@?CA0 8=489A:CN 1@8304C 8 42-N B5@@8B>@80;L=CN 482878N 87 38?B0.

>G5AB028;8 @575@2 0<8;LB>=0 5IQ 4> 0B0:8? 07C<=>3> >B25B0 =5B. A;8 1K @575@2=K5 G0AB8 703>4O ?5@5H;8 ?>4 =0G0;> 0<8;LB>=0, ;=5 CA?5;8 1K ?>43>B>28BL : 2KA04:5 2A5 2>9A:0 >4=>2@5<5==> 8 2K?CAB8;8 1K @575@2 2 <>@5 A@07C 65 ?> 3>B>2=>AB8 ?;O659 : ?@8Q@>3> MH5;>=0. =489A:0O 1@83040 8 42-O 482878O =0AG8BK20;8 >1I8< G8A;>< 12 000 13 000 HBK:>2 8 <>3;8 1K 2ABC?8BL 2 45;> C65 28 0?@5;O 8;8 ?>4>A?5BL : A;54CNI57>1=>28BL 0B0:C 29-3>. 0 45;5, 8=489A:0O ?5E>B0 2KA048;0AL B>;L:> 1 <0O, 0 ?5@54>20O 1@83040 42-9 4828788 =5 ?>?0;0 =0 ?>;C>AB@>2 4> 5 G8A;0.

"C@:8, B5< 2@5<5=5<, ?>4BO3820;8 >B>2AN4C ?>4:@5?;5=8O 8 ?5@51@0AK20;8 =0 D@>=B 0@B8;;5@8N >B @>;82>2. 1 <0O ?>;52>9 35@<0=A:89 :><0=48@ D>= !>45=HB5@= @5H8;AO =0 :>=B@0B0:C. A@065=88 ?5@2>3>, 2B>@>3> 8 B@5BL53> <0O BC@:8 ?>?KB0;8AL A1@>A8BL A>N7=8G5A:85 2>9A:0 2 <>@5. 5@<0=A:89 :><0=48@ @07 70 @07>< 1@>A0; 87O<8 8 <0@H0<8 A>;40B 2 >BG0O==K5 8 @07@>7=5==K5 0B0:8. CABL 0<8;LB>= 8 =5 1K; 4>AB0B>G=> A8;Q= 4;O =0ABC?;5=8O, => A8; =0 >1>@>=C E20B0;>, 8 >= >AB0;AO =0 ?>78F8OE. !>N7=8:8 =0;048;8 2K3@C7:C A=0@O65=8O =0 ?;O68; 70?0AK, 0@B8;;5@8O 8 A=0@O4K ?>H;8 =0 D@>=B 2 ?>4>10NI8E :>;8G5AB20E. A;8 1K 2KA048;8AL 8 4>?>;=8B5;L=K5 2>9A:0, =8GB> =5 ?><5H0;> 1K 2>7>1=>28BL 35=5@0;L=>5 =0ABC?;5=85 ?@>B82 @0AAB@>5==KE BC@>: 4 8;8 5 <0O. <5==> =54>AB0B>: A>;40B 2K=C48; 0<8;LB>=0 A=OBL 2-N 02AB@0;89A:CN 8 =>2>75;0=4A:CN 1@8304K, ?5@51@>A8BL 8E 87 @09>=0 : 2>9 0B0:>9 4> 6 <0O.

>9 =0G0;AO CB@>< 6-3> 8 ?@>4>;60;AO 7 8 8 <0O. :>;> 50 000 1@8B0=F52 8 D@0=FC7>2 A 72 >@C48O<8 A@060;8AL ?@>B82 30 000 BC@>: ?@8 56 >@C48OE. !@065=85 ?@8=5A;> A>N7=8:0< 25;8:>5 8 3>@L:>5 @07>G0@>20=85. $@>=B C40;>AL ?>428=CBL 2?5@Q4 =0 =5A:>;L:> A>B O@4>2. 0=3;8G0=5, 8 D@0=FC7K ?>=5A;8 BO65;59H85 ?>B5@8. ! 25 0?@5;O 4> ?@5:@0I5=8O 0B0: 25G5@>< 8 <0O, 1@8B0=FK ?>B5@O;8 >1I8< G8A;>< 15 000 C18BK<8 8 @0=5=K<8, D@0=FC7K =5 <5=55 4 000.

#B@> A;54CNI53> 70 A@065=85< 4=O >B:@K;> <@0G=CN :0@B8=C. @<8N 0<8;LB>=0 70?5@;8 8 ?@832>748;8 : 75<;5 2 42CE 87>;8@>20==KE, 157> 2AO:>9 A2O78 ?> ACH5 ;8HL ?> <>@N - @09>=0E 0;;8?>;8. !>N7=8:8 =5 A<>3;8 >2;045BL =8 >4=>9 :;NG52>9 ?>78F859 ?>;C>AB@>20. !?;>H=K5 ;8=88 BC@5F:8E B@0=H59 >B3>@>48;8 ?8: G8 010 >B 0=3;8G0=, 3>@C !0@8 08@ 8 3>@>4 094>A >B 02AB@0;89F52. "@0=H58 @072820;8AL 8 <=>68;8AL, ;8=8O 70 ;8=859. $@0=FC7K ?>:840;8 "@>N; B5?5@L BC@5F:85 2>9A:0 <>3;8 A2>1>4=> >AB028BL 78N @048 0;;8?>;8. @8B0=FK 1@>A8;8 2 45;> 2A5 @575@2K, 2 B>< G8A;5 8=489A:CN 1@8304C 8 42-N 482878N 8 2 7=0G8B5;L=>9 <5@5 ?@><>B0;8 8E ?>?CABC, C?CAB82 1;03>?@8OB=K9 <><5=B. A5 10B0;L>=K ?>=QA;8 A5@LQ7=K5 ?>B5@8, ?>?>;=5=89 ?>4 @C:>9 =5 1K;>. ;O 29-9 4828788 =5 1K; ?@54CA<>B@5= >1KG=K9 10 ?@>F5=B=K9 @575@2, 02B><0B8G5A:8 A;54CNI89 70 >B?@02:>9 =0 D@>=B ;N1>9 4828788. 9 <0O /= 0<8;LB>= @0?>@B>20;: 2 =0ABC?82H8E CA;>28OE B@0=H59=>9 2>9=K ?@>@20BL BC@5F:85 ;8=88 =0;8G=K<8 A8;0<8 =52>7<>6=>; B@51CNBAO ?>4:@5?;5=8O =5 <5=55 >4=>3> 0@<59A:>3> :>@?CA0. $>@<8@>20=85 2 =3;88 =>2KE, >G5284=> =5>1E>4843>B>2:0 ?@87K2=8:>2 4;O 2>A?>;=5=8O C1K;8 =0 D@>=B5 B@51>20;8 =5 <5=55 <5AOF0. 'B> 7=0G8; 4;O =0A MB>B <5AOF? !>N7=8G5A:85 2>9A:0 >AB020;8AL 2 0;;8?>;8 8 5654=52=> B5@O;8 2 ;N4OE, 2 B> 2@5: @>A;0 A :064K< 4=Q<. =8F80B820 8 1;03>?@8OB=K5 >1AB>OB5;LAB20 ?5@5H;8 : 2@03C. 0< ?@54AB>O;0 4>;30O 8 4>@>3>AB>OI0O 1>@L10; =>2K5, 8 :C40 :0: 1>;55 BO6:85 CA8;8O.


;020 30. >A;5 2KA04:8.

 

@<8O =5 <>3;0 A>9B8 A <5AB0, => 25ABL > 2KA04:5 =04>;3> 271C4>@068;0 2@>?C. B0;8O, @5F8O, C;30@8O @5H8;8, GB> @07 C6 1>;LH0O A>N7=8G5A:0O 0@<8O =0 15@53C, 5Q <>6=> 8 4>;6=> ?>4:@5?;OBL A <>@O, ?>:0 =5 @CE=5B BC@5F:0O >1>@>=0. 8<, 70:CA82 C48;0, CAB@5<8;AO 2 2>9=C; 0;:0=K 70ABK;8 2 =0?@O6Q==>< >6840=88. ><0H=89 ?>;8B8G5A:89 :@878A 2@5<5==> CB8E. > 2KA04:8, 2KA>:85 D@0=FC7A:85 G8=K C25@O;8 2>6459 1@8B0=A:>9 >??>78F88 2 =5?@5<5==>9 :@>202>9 1>9=5 8 >1O70B5;L=>< ?>@065=88, ?@54@5:0;8, GB> 0@<8N @0AAB@5;ONB 5IQ =0 2>45. @>@>G5AB20 ;>?=C;8, =0H8 ?>;8B8:8 8A?KB0;8 =5A><=5==>5 >1;53G5=85, 8 ?0@B89=0O 1>@L10 =0 :0:>5-B> 2@5;L:> C<5@8;0AL.

OB>3> <0O, 5IQ 4> 8AE>40 1>Q2 =0 ?>;C>AB@>25, O 2K5E0; 2 0@86 A 206=>9 <8AA859. 5@53>2>@K A B0;859 H;8 8 2 <0@B5 8 2 0?@5;5, => @5H8B5;L=K5 A>1KB8O 2K?0;8 8<5==> =0 ?>A;54=85 425 =545;8. 26 0?@5;O AB>@>=K ?>4?8A0;8 >=4>=A:89 4>3>2>@: B0;8O A>3;0A8;0AL 2>520BL. '5B2Q@B>3> <0O >D8F80;L=K9 2KE>4 8<0 87 "@>9AB25==>3> A>N70 >B:@K; 2A5<5=C 8B0;LO=A:>9 ?>;8B8:8. =0G0;5 0?@5;O -420@4 @59 27O; :@0B:89 >B?CA: ?> A>AB>O=8N 74>@>2LO 8 <564C=0@>4=K5 45;0 =0 45AOBL 4=59 ?5@5H;8 : ?@5<8=8AB@C. A:28B F5?:> 8 ?K;:> ?@8=O;AO 70 @01>BC 8, : 2>72@0I5=8N <8=8AB@0 8=>AB@0==KE 45;, CA?5; 4>18BLAO 70<5G0B5;L=KE CA?5E>2. "5?5@L, ?> ?@>H5AB288 4>;3>3> 2@5<5=8, AB0BL8 C2;Q:H53> B0;8N 2 2>9=C A5:@5B=>3> 4>3>2>@0 >?C1;8:>20=K 8 A> I5ABLN >B:@K20NB 2>?8NI85 =C64K A>N7=8:>2. 8 @8B0=8O, =8 $@0=F8O =5 1K;8 2 B> 2@5=C AB>O;> A0<> ACI5AB2>20=85 42CE 3>AC40@AB2: A<5@B5;L=0O 1>@L10, C3@>70 :>;;0?A0 >AA88, 0@86 8 >=4>= AB0@0;8AL ?@82;5GL : A>N7C ?5@2>:;0AA=CN 45@602C, =5 A:C?OAL =8 =0 ?;0BC, =8 =0 >15I0=8O. 82>@I8:8 2?>;=5 ?>=8<0;8 =0H8 B@52>38 8 2KB>@3>2K20;8 =082K3>4=59HCN 4;O B0;88 A45;:C.

>3>2>@ ?5@54020; B0;88 >3@><=K5 ?@83@0=8G=K5 B5@@8B>@88 =0 4@80B8G5A:>< ?>15@56L5 2<5AB5 A =5:>B>@K<8 75<;O<8, 2K:@>5==K<8 87 BC@5F:>9 8 102>:, =0;030; =0 A>N7=8:>2 A5@LQ7=59H85 2>5==K5 8 <>@A:85 >1O70B5;LAB20. @8B0=A:89 D;>B >1O70;AO 0:B82=> A?>A>1AB2>20BL 8B0;LO=A:>< <>@5, >AA8O >15I0;0 M=5@38G=> =0ABC?0BL =0 2AB@8N 8 428=CBL 2 0;8F8N =5 <5=55 ?>;C<8;;8>==>9 0@<88. B0;8O >15A?5G8;0 A51O =0 <>@5, =0 ACH5 8 B5?5@L <>3;0, =8G53> =5 >?0A0OAL, 84B8 70 >3>2>@Q==>9 ?;0B>9. > 2 A:>@>< 2@5<5=8 2KOA=8;>AL, GB> 4>3>20@820NI85AO AB>@>=K 2KAB@>8;8 2A5 @0AGQBK 8 @0AAC645=8O =0 ?5A:5. "5, :B> ?@>HQ; A:2>7L HB>@9=K =02A5340 70@5:;8AL ?@54@5:0BL E>4 D>@BC=K 8 703>4O ?;0=8@>20BL 2 :0:>< ?>@BC :>@01;L 1@>A8B O:>@L. !> 4=O ?>4?8A0=8O :>=25=F88 =5 ?@>H;> 8 42CE =545;L, 0 0:5=75= C65 B5A=8; @CAA:8E C C=09F0; =0G0;>AL >@;8F:>5 A@065=85, 0@<88 >AA88 >BABC?0;8 8 ?>2AN4C B5@?5;8 ?>@065=85. :>=F5 2>9=K =0 <8@>2>9 :0@B5 ?>O28;0AL =>20O, A8;L=0O 45@6020 .3>A;028O, 8 2A5 04@80B8G5A:85 >6840=8O B0;88 >1@0B8;8AL 2 A>25@H5==59H55 =8GB>. , =0:>=5F, ?>18B0O 2 2>9=5 "C@F8O >68;0 8, ?>A;5 =5:>B>@KE =5AG0AB89 <8@=>3> 2@5<5=8, 2>7@>48;0AL 2 D0:B8G5A:8 =5?>2@564Q==>< 2845. 8B5;8 ?>;CG8BL <=>3> 8 704QH52>, => 45;> >15@=C;>AL B@C4=>N 2>9=>9. B0;88, 2<5AB5 A> 2A5<8, ?@54AB>O;> 8AB5GL :@>2LN 8 C<8. >9=0 70BO=C;0AL =0 3>4K; 2 AB@0=C ?@8HQ; 2@03, =0@>4 C1K20;, 1>30BAB20 B0O;8; B0;8O @8A:>20;0 3>AC40@AB25==K< 1KB8Q<, G5ABLN 8, 2 :>=5G=>< AGQB5, 2K83@0;0 => =5 A<>3;0 2 ?>;=>9 <5@5 C4>2;5B2>@8BL A2>8 0<18F88. 0;L:C;OF88 3>AC40@AB25==KE 20;8;8AL, => 3>@4K9 8B0;LO=A:89 =0@>4 =5 >:070;AO <0;>4CH5= A@548 4>;38E 8A?KB0=89 8 @07>G0@>20=89 2>9=K, =5 ?>A@0<8; 4@52=NN A;02C 8<0 2 =5AG0AB8OE A2>59 AC4L1K.

"5?5@L ?>=OB=>, GB> O =5 <>3 =8 >B;>68BL, =8 >B:070BLAO >B ?>574:8 2 0@86 8 >:070;AO =0 ?;5=0@=>< 70A540=88 A ?@02>< ?>4?8A8 >B 8<5=8 4<8@0;B59AB20. B0;LO=FK ?@542845;8, GB> 5A;8 >AA8O CB25@48BAO 2 >=AB0=B8=>?>;5, 0 !5@18O 4>1LQBAO 7=0G8B5;L=KE B5@@8B>@80;L=KE ?@8>1@5B5=89, >1J548=Q==K5 A;02O=A:85 A8;K >170254CBAO <>I=>9 2>5==>-<>@A:>9 107>9 =0 15@530E 0;<0F88. ?5@0F8O 2 0@40=5;;0E <>3;0 ?5@540BL @CAA:8< >=AB0=B8=>?>;L, A>N7=8:8 25;8 45;> 2 @>;820E 157> 2AO:>3> CG0AB8O B0;88, 8 8< ?@8;030; 8A:;NG8B5;L=K5 CA8;8O, GB>1K C45@60BL 1572>72@0B=> CA:>;L70NICN ?>78F8N =0 4@80B8:5. K ?@>25;8 B@8 4=O 2 70?CB0==KE ?5@53>2>@0E <564C 8B0;LO=F0<8 8 D@0=FC70<8, 70 >1AC645=85< :0: 70:@5?8BL 2 4>3>2>@5 ?@02> B0;88 =0 40;<0B8=A:85 107K ?>A;5 2K83@KH0 2>9=K. ;02=K9 A?>@ 70B5O;AO 2>:@C3 B0: =07K205<>3> :0=0;0 !018>=G5;;> (5;5H0F:89 ?@>;82 ?@. ?5@) - ?>;>AK 3;C1>:>9 2>4K <564C 42C<8 >AB@>20<8 @>2=> ?>A@548=5 4@80B8G5A:>3> <>@O: 8450;L=0O 1070 4;O 8B0;LO=A:>3> D;>B0, 70:@KB0O >B >@C489=>3> >3=O A 15@530 8 ?@83>4=0O 4;O AB>O=:8 A0;LH8E :>@01;59. 2CG0;8 8 8=K5 ?@8BO70=8O; :>340 8B0;LO=FK ?@8C=K;8, A8;8 =0 :>= 1@8B0=A:89 B@57C15F 8 A>3;0A8;8AL 2KAB028BL =5 B>;L:> :@59A5@0 A D;>B8;8O<8, => 8 MA:04@C ;8=:>@>2. 4<8@0; 45 >15: >?@545;Q==> >B:070;AO >B 40;L=59H8E ?>?KB>: ?@>@K20, B5?5@L <>3;8 27OBL :>@01;8 87 53> >B@O40. :>=5G=>< AGQB5, <>@A:85 ?@54AB028B5;8 B@QE AB@0= ?@8H;8 : ?>;=>3;0A8N. B0;8O =0AB0820;0 8<5==> =0 1@8B0=A:8E 1@>=5=>AF0E 8 $@0=F8O, 157> 2AO:8E >184, A>3;0A8;0AL 70<5=8BL 0=3;89A:CN MA:04@C C 0@40=5;; @02=K< G8A;>< A>1AB25==KE :>@01;59.

/ 2K5E0; 87 0@860 CB@>< 7 <0O, CA?5; 2 !5=B-<5@ : 25G5@C 8 A@07C 65 C7=0; > =>2>ABOE A 0;;8?>;8 8 > ?;0=5 $@5=G0. >-?5@2KE, B5;53@0<<0 0<8;LB>=0: 1>9 =0 ?>;C>AB@>25 84QB 2 ?>;=CN A8;C, @5H8B5;L=>3> @57C;LB0B0 ?>:0 =5B. >-2B>@KE, $@5=G =0<5@5= ?@54?@8=OBL H8@>:>5 =0ABC?;5=85 2 A5:B>@5 3@O4K 15@, 2 B> 2@5 ?@02>< D;0=35 0B0:CNB ?>78F88 C !CH5; 206=>5 45;> =0G=QBAO =0 @0AA25B5 9 G8A;0. / @5H8; >AB0BLAO, C2845BL 18B2C 8 1K; @04 2>7<>6=>AB8 >B2;5GLAO >B @07=KE 4C<.

'8B0B5;L 7=05B, GB> 2 B> 2@548; 7040GC 0=3;>-D@0=FC7A:8E A>;40B =52K?>;=8<>9. @>B82 =8E AB>O;> @02=>5 G8A;> ?@5:@0A=> >1CG5==KE 8 ?@52>AE>4=> >:>?02H8EAO 35@<0=F52. @>2>;>G=K5 703@0645=8O @20;8 ?@5420@8B5;L=>9 1><10@48@>2:>9 8 2@03 4>?>4;8==> 8 703>4O 7=0;, G5@57 :0:85 1@5H8 ?>94CB =0ABC?0NI85 2>9A:0. 8:B> =5 A><=520;AO, GB> =5?@8OB5;L =01;N405B 70 >1AB@5;>< 8 ?@54?@8<5B 2AQ 2>7<>6=>5 4;O >B@065=8O 0B0:8. >;55 B>3>, 1@8B0=FK @0A?>;030;8 A:C4=K< 70?0A>< A=0@O4>2, 1@870=B=KE 65 1>5?@8?0A>2 4;O @07@CH5=8O 35@<0=A:8E B@0=H59 ?>GB8 =5 1K;>. / ?@54?@8=O; 2AQ, GB>1K 157 =5>?@0240==>3> @8A:0 @073;O45BL A@065=85 ?>1;865, => =8 A 2KA>:>9 :>;>:>;L=8, =8 A ?5@54=53> :@0O =5 C2845; =8G53>, :@><5 4K<>2 8 @07@K2>2. #2845BL A@065=85 ?>-=0AB>OI5<>6=> ;8HL 2 0B0:CNI5< AB@>N. > C2845BL A@065=85 ?>-=0AB>OI5 ?@>=8:=CBLAO GC2AB2>< 1>O, 0 >=> 70E20BK205B 157 >AB0B:0. !B>@>==5 C2845BL =8G53>; CG0AB=8: 1>O 70<, 2A5?>3;>I0NI5< ;8G=>< 2?5G0B;5=88. >@G09H55 A2>9AB2> 2>9=K. =>385 87 2KA>:8E 35=5@0;>2 ?>AK;0NB 2>9A:0 2 A@065=85, => =5 ?>=8<0NB CA;>289 1>O; AB>@>==55 ?>;>65=85 =5 40QB 8< 2K4C<0BL :0:85-B> A?>A>1K ?><>GL A>;40BC.

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«E>4OG85», 2A5 >=8 65AB>:> 1>;LH8=AB2> >AB020;>AL 2 1>4@>AB8. %>4OG8E 640;8 G0H:0 G0N, A830@5B0 8 4>;389 ?CBL 2 <>B>@=>9 <548F8=A:>9 :0@5B5. 5A>@B8@>20==CN <0AAC A;>6=KE 8 =5>B;>6=KE @0=5=KE A3@C48;8 ?5@54 H8@>:> @0A?0E=CB>9 425@LN >?5@0F8>==>9. / ?>4>HQ; 8 C2845; >B2@0B8B5;L=CN :0@B8=C: E8@C@3 B@5?0=8@>20; @0=5=>2AN4C 1K;0 :@>2L 8 >:@>202;5==K5 18=BK. ! C;8FK 10@010=8;0 :0=>=040: <0H8=0 C189AB20 8 @0AG;5=5=8O @01>B0;0 =0 ?>;=>< E>4C.

<5==> 2 B>B 45=L O C7=0; > 3815;8 «C78B0=88». 5A:>;L:> <5AOF52 =0704, 3830=BA:89 ;09=5@ >:>=G0B5;L=> 25@=C;AO : 3@0640=A:8< ?5@52>7:0< 8 CA?5; =5A:>;L:> @07 >15@=CBLAO G5@57 B;0=B8:C. ?5@2CN =545;N <0O, AC4=> 2>72@0I0;>AL 2 825@?C;L 87 LN->@:0. 0 1>@BC 1K;> >:>;> 2 000 ?0AA068@>2, 2A5 - 3@0640=A:85 ;N48, 1@8B0=FK 8 0<5@8:0=FK. !@548 ?@>G53> 3@C70, AC4=> 257;> <0;5=L:CN ?0@B8N 28=B>2>G=KE ?0B@>=>2 8 H@0?=5;L=KE A=0@O4>2, ?@8<5@=> 2 173 B>==K 25A><. IQ 4> >BE>40 «C78B0=88» ?> LN->@:C E>48;8 ?@54C?@5645=8O: ;09=5@ 1C45B ?>B>?;5=; A83=0;K >1 >?0A=>AB8, :0: MB> 2?>A;54AB288 2KOA=8;>AL, H;8 >B ?@028B5;LAB20 5@<0=88. 4 8 5 <0O ?@8H;8 4>=5A5=8O > 35@<0=A:8E AC1<0@8=0E C N6=>3> 2E>40 2 @;0=4A:89 :0=0;, ?>42>4=K5 ;>4:8 ?>B>?8;8 42CE B>@3>2F52. "5< 2@5<5=5<, «C78B0=8O» ?@81;860;0AL : @8B0=A:8< >AB@>20<. 6 <0O 87 B>3> 65 @09>=0 ?>ABC?8;8 =>2K5 A2545=8O >1 0:B82=>AB8 AC1<0@8=, 8 4<8@0;B59AB2> ?@8=O;>AL @0AAK;0BL B@52>6=K5 ?@54C?@5645=8O. 0H0 15A?@>2>4=0O AB0=F8O =0 >AB@>25 0;5=B8O (@;0=48O- ?@.?5@.) ?>AB>O==> ?5@54020;0 >A>1>3> @>40 A>>1I5=8O 8 4>?>;=8B5;L=K5 A2545=8O.

 

6 <0O, 12:05. A5< 0=3;89A:8< AC40<& !B>@>=8B5AL 2. 48B5 2 3020=L ?>;=K< E>4><. 5@68B5AL A5@548=K :0=0;0. !C1<0@8=K C $0AB=5B.

6 <0O, 19:50. «C78B0=88». :B82=>ABL AC1<0@8= C N6=>3> 15@530 @;0=488.

7 <0O. 11:25. A5< 0=3;89A:8< AC40<. :B82=>ABL AC1<0@8= 2 N6=>9 G0AB8 @;0=4A:>3> :0=0;0. > ?>A;54=8< A2545=8O< : N3C >B <0O:0 >=8=3153. #4>AB>25@LB5AL, GB> «C78B0=8O» ?>;CG8;0 MB> A>>1I5=85.

7 <0O, 12:40. «C78B0=88». 10 CB@0 2 ?OB8 <8;OE N6=55 >AB@>20 ;8@ 70<5G5=K AC1<0@8=K, H;8 =0 70?04.

 

A5 MB8 ?>A;0=8O 1K;8 A2>52@5<5==> ?>;CG5=K.

A5:@5B=>< <5<>@0=4C<5 4<8@0;B59AB20 >B 16 0?@5;O 1915 3>40 5ABL 8 B0:0O @5:><5=40F8O:

 

?KB 2>9=K ?>:07K205B, GB> 1KAB@>E>4=K9 ?0@>E>4 <>65B A5@LQ7=> ?><5H0BL =5>6840==>9 ?>42>4=>9 0B0:5 5A;8 ?>94QB 783703><, B> 5ABL 1C45B <5=OBL :C@A G5@57 :>@>B:85 8 =5@02=K5 2@5<5==K5 8=B5@20;K >B 45AOB8 <8=CB 4> ?>;CG0A0. <5==> B0: 8 ?>GB8 2A5340 ?>ABC?0NB 2>5==K5 :>@01;8 2 @09>=0E 459AB28O AC1<0@8=. !:>@>ABL ?>3@C65==>9 ;>4:8 >G5=L <0;0 8 59 8A:;NG8B5;L=> A;>6=> 2K9B8 =0 ?>78F8N 2KAB@5;0 ?@8 =52>7<>6=>AB8 ?>=OBL 8 ?@542845BL :C@A 0B0:C5<>3> AC4=0.

 

4<8@0;B59A:89 >B45; B>@3>2>3> AC4>E>4AB20 @01>B0; 4>;6=K< >1@07><, => «C78B0=8O» ?@5=51@53;0 8 8=AB@C:F8O<8 8 2A5<8 ?@54C?@5645=8O<8. 09=5@ 1K; B>@?548@>20= 2 2>AL<8 <8;OE >B D 8=A59;. B0:0 70AB0;0 «C78B0=8N» =0 >1KG=>< B>@3>2K< <0@H@CB5, AC4=> H;> 157 7837030 8 45@60;> E>4 GCBL 2KH5 42CE B@5B59 >B ?>;=>3>. !C1<0@8=0 U-20 :><<0=45@0 (2835@0 2K?CAB8;0 425 B>@?54K: ?5@20O C40@8;0 2 A5@548=C :>@?CA0 8 ?@>8725;0 C60A=K9 27@K2; 2B>@0O, G5@57 =5A:>;L:> <8=CB ?>?0;0 2 :>@<8=CB «C78B0=8O» ?>H;0 :> 4=C. >@5 ?@8=O;> 1 195 ?0AA068@>2; A@548 =8E >:070;8AL 291 65=I8=0 8 94 @51Q=:0. 0@20@A:89 ?>4283 =5<5F:>9 AC1<0@8=K 3@> 2A5<8@C. >381;> <=>65AB2> 3@0640= !(, <5@8:0 A>4@>3=C;0AL >B 3=520 8 A8;L=K5 4CE>< ;N48 2> 2A5E :>=F0E 25;8:>9 @5A?C1;8:8 ?>B@51>20;8 2>>@C6Q==>3> 2<5H0B5;LAB20. B> 2@53> =5 A;CG8;>AL, 2>9=0 >AB0;0AL 2 @07@CH8B5;L=>< @02=>25A88 A8;. > A B>9 ?>@K 4@C7LO =B0=BK 2 !>548=Q==KE (B0B0E ?>;CG8;8 2 @C:8 >@C685, ?@>B82 :>B>@>3> 35@<0=A:>5 2;8O=85 C65 =5 8<5;> A8;K, 8 ?>;>68;8 :>=5F ?@8A:>@1=>4C 65AB>:>A5@48O 2 0<5@8:0=A:>9 ?>;8B8:5.

! A0<>3> 8725AB8O >1 C60A=>9 B@035488 O ?>=O; 2AQ 5Q 7=0G5=85. > <5@5 87CG5=8O AC<0B>H=KE 8 ?@>B82>@5G82KE A>1KB89 5;8:>9 2>9=K =0< >B:@K20NBAO =5A:>;L:> AC@>2KE 8AB8=. 42CE A;CG0OE ?@028B5;8 35@<0=A:>9 8 7=0B5;L=>, ?> @0AGQBC, 7;>=0<5@5==> >BAB@0=8;8 A>60;5=8O, >B1@>A8;8 A>25AB;82>ABL, 65AB>:> C40@8;8 ?> A:@5?0< <8@>2>9 F828;870F88, =0@CH8;8 ?@028;0, 459AB28B5;L=K5 8 2 <8@=>5 2@525G5A:>3> A5<59AB20. -:A?5@BK =0AB0820;8, GB> B>;L:> 2B>@65=85 2 5;L38N 8 =5>3@0=8G5==0O ?>42>4=0O 2>9=0 ?@8254CB : ?>1545. 0 45;5, 8<5==> MB8 ?CB8 ?@825;8 AB@0=C 2 @C8=K. 5@<0=8O 2>AAB0=>28;0 ?@>B82 A51O <>3CG85, =54>AO305<5F:8E 0@<89 45@602K 8 A8;0 5Q >:070;0AL A;><;5=0. 8GB>, :@><5 2B>@65=8O 2 5;L38N =5 <>3;> >B=OBL C 35@<0=F52 B@8C5==K9 3>4; =8GB>, => ;8HL =5>3@0=8G5==0O ?>42>4=0O 2>9=0 ;8H8;0 =5154K 2 3>4 ?>A;54=89. <5==> 420 ?@><0E0, 0 =5 <=>65AB2> 2@03>2, =5 45D8F8B @5AC@A>2 8 1;03>@07C<8O, =5 1>52K5 >H81:8 35=5@0;>2 8 04<8@0;>2, =5 A;01>ABL A>N7=8:>2, =8:0: =5 C?04>: 4CE0 8 25@=>?>440==8G5A:8E GC2AB2 =0A5;5=8O 8 0@<88 => B>;L:> MB8 425 ?@8G8=K, 420 25;8:8E ?@5ABC?;5=8O, 420 8AB>@8G5A:8E ?@>AGQB0 C=8GB>68;8 5@<0=8N 8 ?@8=5A;8 =0< A?0A5=85.

"5< 2@5<5=5<, <>@A:85 =0G0;L=8:8 C 0@40=5;; ?CAB8;8AL 2 1C@=K5 A?>@K.

>A;5 18 <0@B0, 2> D;>BA:8E :@C30E 1KB>20;8 420 <=5=8O. !B>@>==8:8 =0ABC?;5=8O C?>@=> 3>2>@8;8 > ?@0:B8G5A:>9 2>7<>6=>AB8 ?>4028BL D>@BK, 2KB@0;8BL <8==K5 ?>;O 8, =0:>=5F, ?@>@20BLAO G5@57 @>;82K. =8 =5 A><=520;8AL 2 B><, GB> :>@01;8 <>3CB ?@>9B8 2 @0<>@=>5 <>@5 8 157 CAB0;8 C15640;8 04<8@0;0 2K?>;=8BL 7040GC : G5AB8 D;>B0. 5OB5;L=K5 >D8F5@K 3;C1>:> ?5@56820;8 70 0@<8N, A:>@15;8 > :@>202KE A25@E 2AO:8E >6840=89 ?>B5@OE =0 ACH5 8 =0E>48;8 A>25@H5==> =5AB5@?8B0 45;>< >AB020BLAO 2 AB>@>=5, =5 ?>4020BL ?><>I8 8 ?@5=51@530BL 2>7;>65==>9 =0 <>@O:>2 >B25BAB25==>ABLN ?>A;5 2A5E ?>;CG5==KE 87 >=4>=0 ?@8:07>2. =8 >A0640;8 :><0=4CNI53> ?@>AL10<8, B@51>20;8 ?@54;>68BL 4<8@0;B59AB2C =>2CN 0B0:C.

4<8@0; 45 >15:, C<5;K9 8 E@01@K9 :><0=48@, =5 >AB0;AO 3;CE 8 A;5? =8 : MB8< ?@>AL10<, =8 : AB@040=8O< 0@<88. =, =0:>=5F, @5H8; ?>A;0BL 2 4<8@0;B59AB2> B5;53@0< >1JO28BL > 3>B>2=>AB8 : =>2>9 0B0:5. "5;53@0<<0 2KH;0 ?@>B82>@5G82>9: 2 =59 284=> =5A:>;L:> @C:, =5A:>;L:> ?@>B82>?>;>6=KE <=5=89. > GB> >G5284=> A53>4=O: 2A5 CG0AB=8:8 A>25I0=89 =0 1>@BC «C8= -;87015B» 25@8;8, GB> >=4>= >B:;8:=5BAO =0 45?5HC =5<54;5==K< ?@8:07>< 84B8 2 1>9. $@0=FC7A:89 :><0=4CNI89, 04<8@0; 5?@0BB A>>1I8; <>@A:><8=8AB@C, GB> A>25@H5==> C25@5= 2 A:>@>9, @5H8B5;L=>9 0B0:5 8 ?@>A8B 2KA;0BL A8;L=K9 :>@01;L 4;O ?>4:@5?;5=8O A2>59 MA:04@K. A5 :><0=48@K 8 >D8F5@K >ICB8;8 A51O 2 ?@54425@88 25;8:>3> 8 O@>AB=>3> <>@A:>5 A@065=8O 8 1K;8 3>B>2K :> 2AO:>< 65@B20<.

 

8F5-04<8@0; >15:, 4<8@0;B59AB2C.

10 <0O 1915 3>40. 1AB0=>2:0 =0 0;;8?>;89A:>< ?>;C>AB@>25.

5=5@0; 0<8;LB>= C254><8; <5=O, GB> 0@<8O >AB0=>2;5=0 8 <>65B ?@>42830BLAO : G8 010 ;8HL @K2:0<8 ?> =5A:>;L:C O@4>2; ?> 53> <=5=8N, A53>4=OH=85 CA;>28O =0 ?>;C>AB@>25 AE>68 A >1AB0=>2:>9 2 A525@=>9 $@0=F88. "5< A01AB>OB5;LAB20, C:070==K5 2 <>59 B5;53@0<<5 70 =><5@>< 292 - 5A;8 2>9A:0 70?=CBAO 2 =0ABC?;5=88 =0 8;84 0@, 2>?@>A > ?@>@K25 D;>B0 A:2>7L =5?>402;5==K5 D>@BK #7>AB59 ?>;=>ABLN 7028A8B >B 2K1>@0: ;CGH5 ;8 D;>BC ?><>30BL 0@<88 =865 '0=0:0, 157 CI5@10 4;O A>1AB25==KE :>< C9B8 70 '0=0: 8 459AB2>20BL 2 >B@K25 >B 107K?

@<88 =5 AB>8B G@57<5@=> ?>;>68BLAO =0 ?><>IL A <>@O; D;>B, =5A><=5==>, A?>A>15= ?>402;OBL >3>=L BC@5F:8E 10B0@59, => A;01K9 ?><>I=8: ?@>B82 B@0=H59 8 ?C;52, 0 8<5==> MB8 A@54AB20 8 >AB0=>28;8 =0ABC?;5=85.

!C4O ?> O@>AB=>?@>B82;5=8N 2@030, ?@>@K2 2 @0<>@=>5 <>@5 2@O4 ;8 @5H8B 45;>; @02=> 25@>OB=>, GB> BC@:8 70:@>NB @>;82K 70 D;>B><. >A;54=55 =5 2>7K<55B A5@LQ7=KE ?>A;54AB289, 5A;8 >1>@>=C C40ABAO A;><8BL 4> 2K=C645==>3> >BE>40 >B@570==>9 MA:04@K.

!53>4=O 0@<8N ?>445@6820NB 2A5 <>@A:85 A8;K, => 5A;8 D;>B C94QB 2 @0<>@=>5 <>@5, 2>9A:0< ?@84QBAO 4>2>;LAB2>20BLAO 25AL<0 >3@0=8G5==>9 ?><>ILN :@59A5@>2 8 =5A:>;L:8E AB0@KE 1@>=5=>AF52, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 D@0=FC7A:8E, =53>4=KE 4;O A5@LQ7=>3> >1AB@5;0 #7>AB59.

#?>@=>5 A>?@>B82;5=85 BC@5F:>9 0@<88 =0 ?>;C>AB@>25 3>2>@8B 70 B>, GB> >4=8 ;8HL D>@A8@>20=85 0@40=5;; 8 ?>O2;5=85 D;>B0 C >=AB0=B8=>?>;O =5 ?@8254CB : ?5@5;>

'B>1K ?@8=OBL @5H5=85, =5>1E>48<> >B25B8BL =0 420 2>?@>A0:

5@2K9: !<>65B ;8 D;>B, ?@>94O 0@40=5;;0<8, >15A?5G8BL C25@5==K9 CA?5E >?5@0F88?

B>@>9: A;8 D;>B, 548=AB25==> ?> ?@8G8=5 65AB>:8E ?>B5@L, 1C45B 2K=C645= 25@=CBLAO =5 >:065BAO ;8 0@<8O 2 ?>;>65=88 :@8B8G5A:>< 4;O AC4L1K 2A53> 45;0?

 

"5;53@0<<0 70A;C6820;0 A0<>3> ?@8AB0;L=>3> 87CG5=8O. K;> A>25@H5==> OA=>, GB> =0 ?>25AB:5 4=O 2=>2L AB>8B 2>?@>A > 2>7>1=>2;5=88 <>@A:>9 0B0:8. 4<8@0; 45 >15: 2725A8; 70 8 ?@>B82, >A>1> >AB0=>282H8AL =0 2B>@><, =>, 2 B> 65 2@5 4020; =0< 7=0BL, GB> 3>B>2 ?>2B>@8BL ?>?KB:C ?> ?@8:07C 4<8@0;B59AB20. "5;53@0<<0 ?@825;0 <5=O 2 A<5==> 8 157 >3>2>@>: AB>O; 70 2>7>1=>2;5=85 0B0:8. > >1AB0=>2:0 1K;0 C65 A>2A5< =5 B0 GB> 2 <0@B5 8 0?@5;5. 5H5=85 >15:0 >B 22 <0@B0 A>25@H5==> 87<5=8;> =0H ?>;8B8G5A:89 :C@A. @>87>H;8 B@8 206=KE A>1KB8O.

>-?5@2KE, =0 0;;8?>;8 2KA048;0AL 0@<8O. 5A0=B >1>HQ;AO 2 20 000 G5;>25:. @0240, GB> 2>9A:0 >:070;8AL ?@8:>20=K : <5ABC, => 8BG5=5@, ?> 53> A>1AB25==K< :> <=5 A;>20<, @5H8; C4>2;5B2>@8BL ?@>AL1C 0<8;LB>=0 8 2KA;0BL : 0@40=5;;0< F5;K9 0@<59A:89 :>@?CA. K 2A5340 2845;8 3;02=CN >?0A=>ABL 4;O >?5@0F88 2 2KA04:5 ?>4 >3=Q<. "5?5@L AL, GB> 5A;8 BC@:8 =5 A<>3;8 2>A?@5?OBAB2>20BL 45A0=BC, B> B5< 1>;55 =5 CAB>OB ?5@54 40;L=59H8<8 0B0:0<8 0@<88: =04> ;8HL =5 <54;8BL A 4>AB0B>G=K<8 ?>4:@5?;5=8O<8. "5< A0B <><5=B A>1 : 1;03>?@8OB=>5==>9 >?5@0F88 2 4>;6=>< 8 A:>@>< CA8;5=88 M:A?548F8>==>3> :>@?CA0.

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

-B@5BL8E, 4>;3> >68405H<0@, 2 :>=F5 :>=F>2, AB0; O2LN. -359A:>5 <>@5 ?@8H;8 35@<0=A:85 AC1<0@8=K. 4=C 8;8 425 8;8 4065 B@8 ?>42>4=K5 ;>4:8 70<5B8;8 ?@8 @07=KE >1AB>OB5;LAB20E 2 >:@5AB=>ABOE 0@40=5;;. >;>65=85 «C8= -;87015B» AB0;> 8A:;NG8B5;L=> >?0A=K<, 25AL 40@40=5;;LA:89 D;>B >:070;AO ?>4 C3@>7>9, 8AB8==K5 @07<5@K :>B>@>9 AB>O=88 >F5=8BL. "5?5@L 35@<0=A:85 AC1<0@8=K <>3;8 2AB@5B8BL 2 @0<>@=>< <>@5 :>@01;8, CA?5H=> ?@>@202H85AO G5@57 0@40=5;;K. $0:B MB>B, A0< ?> A515, =5 8<5; @5H0NI53> 7=0G5=8O, E>BO 8 >3@0=8G820; 459AB28O D;>B0, => 2<5AB5 A 4@C38< 8 2?>;=5 @57>==K< ?@54?>;>65=85<, GB> BC@:8 70:@>NB ?@>;82 70 MA:04@>9, A5@LQ7=> A>:@0I0; A@>: 45OB5;L=>9 AB@0B538G5A:>9 687=8 87>;8@>20==>3> >B@O40 2 @0<>@=>< <>@5.

0;55, A53>4=O, :>340 0@<8O 2KA048;0AL 8 BO6:> A@060;0AL =0 ?>;C>AB@>25, =0 D;>B ?0;0 :C40 :0: 1>;LH0O >B25BAB25==>ABL. > <5B:><5G0=8N 04<8@0;0 ;825@0, «18 <0@B0 D;>B 1K; >48=, B5?5@L C =53> 65=0 =0 15@53C».

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

! 4@C3>9 AB>@>=K, <5=O 25AL<0 ?@82;5:0;0 2>7<>6=>ABL >3@0=8G5==>9 >?5@0F88. $;>B, 0B0:CO D>@BK #7>AB59, <>3 1K ?@>25@8BL A2545=8O > =5E20B:5 A=0@O4>2 C ?@>B82=8:0. > E>4C 1>O, <>6=> 1K;> 1K 2KB@0;8BL 8 C1@0BL A 4>@>38 <8==K5 ?>;O C A;5 BI0B5;L=>9 >@30=870F88 ?@>B82><8==>3> 45;0 8 =0AKI5=8O 40@40=5;;LA:>9 MA:04@K - ?CABL 8 C<5=LH5==>9 - B@0;LI8:0<8, B0:0O >?5@0F8O :070;0AL 2?>;=5 >ACI5AB28<>9. 4=0 ;8HL @0AG8AB:0 <8==KE ?>;59 5D5F0 C3@>60;0 :><< BC@5F:>9 0@<88 =0 ?>;C>AB@>25.

> O 2845; 8 :@09=55 ?5@5CB><;5=85 $8H5@0. @C7 A5<845AOB8 G5BK@QE ;5B 3=C; 53> : 75<;5. >:0 O >AB020;AO 2 0@865 8 4>3>20@820;AO >1 0=3;>-8B0;LO=A:>9 <>@A:>9 :>=25=F88, $8H5@ @01>B0; 2 25;8G09H5< 87=5<>65=88. @5<5==0O >1O70==>ABL 548=>;8G=>3> C?@02;5=8O 4<8@0;B59AB2>< >15@=C;0AL 4;O =53> O2=K<8, =5?@8:@KBK<8 70B@C4=5=8O<8 8 B@52>30<8. 5B A><=5=8O, =58<>25@=> BO6:>5 1@55==KE 4=59 8 >1>@>B A>1KB89 4>25;8 AB0@>3> 04<8@0;0 GCBL ;8 =5 4> 157C<8O. "5;53@0<<0 45 >15:0 A>25@H5==> 2K18;0 $8H5@0 87 :>;58. "5?5@L 52L ?@8E>48;>AL 1>@>BLAO A B5<, G53> >= =8:0: =5 E>B5; 8 1>;55 2A53> 1>O;AO: =>20O ?>?KB:0 0B0:8 A <>@O, @5H8B5;L=K9 1>9 4> >:>=G0B5;L=>3> @57C;LB0B0.

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«A 1>;LH>9 =5>E>B>9» $8H5@ ?5@540; <=5 >D8F80;L=K9 <5<>@0=4C< A ?>4@>1=K< 8 3>@OG8< ?>4B25@645=85< A2>8E ?@56=8E 273;O4>2 8 70:;NG5=85<:

 

& =8 ?@8 :0:8E >1AB>OB5;LAB20E =5 ?@8;>6C @C:C : ?@8:07C 4;O 04<8@0;0 45 >15:0 ?@>9B8 0@40=5;;0<8, ?>:0 15@530 =5 1C4CB ?@>G=> 70=OBK 2>9A:0<8. & "5?5@L, =045NAL, OA=>, GB> O A>25@H5==> =5 A>3;0A5= A ;N1K< ?>4>1=K< ?;0=><.

 

/ B>BG0A >B25B8;, GB> @0745;ON 53> <=5=85, GB> $8H5@ =5 ?>;CG8; >B <5=O ?@54;>65=8O «?@>@20BLAO» G5@57 0@40=5;;K 8 2=>2L C:070;, GB> <>3;8 1K ?><>GL 0@<88, ?@8:0702 >15:C 70=OBLAO D>@B0<8 8 B@0;5=85< <8= C 5D5F0. 0;55 O 2K@078; =04564C, GB> 1K;> 2A5340, >1J548=8;L7K 45;0, 8 ?@8720; $8H5@0

 

& <5AB5 >B25G0BL 70 0?5@0F8N, >4=C 87 25;8G09H8E 2 8AB>@88. K ?>;=>ABLN A2O70=K A MB8< ?@54?@8OB85<. 'B>1K 4>25AB8 45;> 4> ?>154K, =0< ?>=04>1OBAO B>20@8I5AB2>, =0E>4G82>ABL, AB>9:>ABL 8 B5@?5=85 A0<>9 2KA>:>9 ?@>1K&

 

$8H5@ >B25B8; =0 A;54CNI89 45=L. = =5 =0HQ; 2 <>Q< >B25B5 =542CA3> >B:070 >B 459AB289 =0 <8==KE ?>;OE 4> >::C?0F88 0@<859 15@53>2 #7>AB59 8 B5?5@L =0<5@520;AO ?5@5?@028BL :>?8N <5<>@0=4C<0 ?@5<8=8AB@C.

 

'B> 4> 70<5G0=8O > «?>;=>ABLN A2O70=»: 20< (8 ?@5<8=8AB@C) =04;568B 7=0BL, GB> <>Q =5>E>B=>5 A>3;0A85 =5 @0A?@>AB@0=O5BAO =0 070@B=K5 83@K, =0 =>2>5 18 <0@B0 4> 2K?>;=5=8O 0@<859 A2>59 G0AB8 @01>BK.

 

"5?5@L G8B0B5;L ?>=8<05B, GB> ?>A;5 22 <0@B0 4<8@0;B59AB2> 8 <>@A:>5 :><0=4>20=85 C 0@40=5;; =8 4=O =5 1K;8 548=K 2 @5H8<>AB8 0B0:>20BL. K 1K;8 2<5AB5 21 <0@B0, => 70B5< 5A;8 >4=0 AB>@>=0 ?5;0 70 74@0285, 4@C30O >B:;8:0;0AL 70 C?>:>9. 23 8 24 <0@B0 4<8@0;B59AB2> =0AB0820;> =0 0B0:5, E>BO 8 157 D>@<0;L=>3> ?@8:070, => 04<8@0; =0 <5AB5 >B25B8; «5B». 10 <0O :><0=4CNI89 C 0@40=5;; ?>65;0; ?@>@20BLAO, => B5?5@L 4<8@0;B59AB2> A:070;> «5B». 18 023CAB0, ?>A;5 =5AG0AB=>3> 1>O 2 70;825 !C2;0 4<8@0;B59AB2> 2=>2L ?>4=O;> 2>?@>A 8 @07@5H8;> 04<8@0;C 8A?>;L7>20BL AB0@K5 1@>=5=>AFK 157> 2AO:8E >3@0=8G5=89; =0 MB>B @07 04<8@0; >B25B8; 0@3C<5=B8@>20==K< 8 @5H8B5;L=K< >B:07><. 0:>=5F, A =0G0;>< M20:C0F88 0;;8?>;8, =>2K9 :><0=4CNI89 C 0@40=5;; 04<8@0; #M<8AA ?>;CG8; >B :><<>4>@0 8970 45B0;L=> ?@>@01>B0==K9 ?;0= D>@A8@>20=8O @>;82>2, AB@0AB=> 2K?@0H820; 2 4<8@0;B59AB25 @07@5H5=8O =0G0BL 45;>, => >=4>= ?;0= >B25@3.

>A;5 ?>574:8 =0 D@>=B 8 2284C A:25@=KE =>2>AB59 87 >AA88, $@0=F88 8 >B 0@40=5;;, O 2K?CAB8; >1I55 @0A?>@O65=85 2A5< 04<8@0;B59A:8< 45?0@B0<5=B0<:

 

!5:@5B0@N, G;5=0< !>25B0 4<8@0;B59AB20.

11 <0O 1915 3>40.

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

#.!.'.

 

>GLN 12 <0O BC@5F:89 MA<8=5F A =5<5F:>9 :><0=4>9 B>@?548@>20; 8 CB>?8; «>;80D» C 0@40=5;; 8 $8H5@ @5H8; >B>720BL «C8= -;87015B» 4><>9. 0 MB>B A;CG09 >= ?@83>B>28; 4;O <5=O 1>;55 G5< I54@CN :> B828BLAO. 5@2K5 420 <>=8B>@0 A 14-4N9<>2K<8 >@C48O<8 («!B>C=2>; 65:A>=» 8 «4<8@0; $0@@03CB») 2AB0;8 2 AB@>9, 8 O @07@5H8; $8H5@C 701@0BL «C8= -;87015B» 2 >1<5= =0 MB8 8 A;54CNI85 ?>AB@>9:>9 <>=8B>@K, 420 1@>=5=>AF0 B8?0 «C=:0=» 8 =5:>B>@>5 G8A;> 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE :>@01;59. 5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 8A?KB0; >3@><=>5 >1;53G5=85 8 @0AAK?0;AO 2 1;03>40@=>ABOE. B><5=8 =0H8 >B=>H5=8O AB0;8 <0; 2AQ 2>7<>6=>5, GB>1K =5 4>?CAB8BL =>2KE ?>B5@L 8 2>2A5 C25AB8 D;>B >B ?@>:;OB>3> <5AB0. / @C:>2>4AB2>20;AO =5 B>;L:> @0AAC4>G=K<8 C15645=8O<8, => 4>;3>< G5AB8 8 65;0; >:070BL 0@<88 ?>;=>F5==CN ?><>IL =5<54;5==K<8 459AB28O<8.

@8H;>AL >3>@G8BL 8BG5=5@0. / ?@83;0A8; D5;L4<0@H0;0 =0 A>25I0=85 2 4<8@0;B59AB2>. 5G5@><, 13 <0O 1@0;8AL 70 2>AL<8C3>;L=K< AB>;><: 8BG5=5@ A5; A;520 >B <5=O, $8H5@ A?@020; =0 A>25I0=85 ?@8H;8 @07=K5 >D8F5@K 2 2KA>:8E G8=0E. >2>ABL > B><, GB> 4<8@0;B59AB2> A>18@05BAO C25AB8 >B 0@40=5;; «C8= -;87015B» A>25@H5==> @07JO@8;0 8BG5=5@0. !2>9AB25==>5 2>5==><8=8AB@C E;04=>:@>285 2 =5AG0ABLOE >AB028;> 53>. $5;L4<0@H0; O@>AB=> ?@>B5AB>20; ?@>B82 65;0=8O 4<8@0;B59AB20 1560BL A ?>;O 1>O 2 :@8B8G5A:89 <><5=B B0: >= >F5=8; ?@>8AE>4OI55. ! 4@C3>9 AB>@>=K O@>AB=> 1CH520; $8H5@: ««C8= -;87015B» CE>48B 4><>9; :>@01;L C94QB =5<54;5==>, >= C94QB MB>9 65 =>GLN; 8=0G5 O CE>6C 87 4<8@0;B59AB20 B>BG0A, 87-70 MB>3> AB>;0». A;8 1K <>6=> 1K;> ?><5=OBL 8E <5AB0<8 ?>AB028BL 8BG5=5@0 ?5@2K< <>@A:8< ;>@4><, 0 $8H5@0 >B?@028BL 2 2>5==>5 254>, 2K1820BL ?>4:@5?;5=8O >10 =0H;8 1K AG0ABL5 8 45;> ?>H;> 1K =0 ;04. > MB> 1K;> =5 2 =0H8E A8;0E. / =5 >B>HQ; >B 4>3>2>@Q==>AB8 A $8H5@>< 8 87> 2A5E A8; ?KB0;AO C1548BL 8BG5=5@0, GB> <>=8B>@K ?><>3CB 0@<88 =8GCBL =5 EC65 8 A <5=LH8< @8A:>< 4;O D;>B0. / 2=>2L 8 2=>2L ?5@5G8A;O; 543>B>2;5==K5 : >B?@02:5 :>@01;8 8 40; B2Q@4>5 >15I0=85 A>3;0A>20==>5 A> HB01>< ?><>30BL 0@<88 A0<8 A?>A>10<8. 070;>AL, O A<>3 2 :0:>9-B> <5@5 CA?>:>8BL 8BG5=5@0 ?@5645 G5< B>B CHQ;.

K A $8H5@>< A5;8 70 B5;53@0<15:C >B?@028BL «C8= -;87015B» 4><>9, =5 <5H:0O 8 2 ?>;=>9 B09=5. K >?>25AB8;8 04<8@0;0, GB> =5<54;5==> ?5@540Q< 2 A>AB02 0@40=5;;LA:8E A8; «-:A 4> :>=F0 <5AOF0 : =54>94CB >10 =0H8E ?5@2KE <>=8B>@0. 0@0 1><10@48@>2>G=KE :>@01;59 A0<>9 A>2@5<5==>9 :>=AB@C:F88 1>;55 G5< 2>A?>;=8B ?>B5@N «C8= -;87015B». A53> 04<8@0; ?>;CG8B H5ABL <>=8B>@>2, < >B?@02;OBL 8E : 0@40=5;;0< ?> <5@5 A?CA:0 =0 2>4C. 0: B>;L:> D@0=FC7A:0O MA:04@0 C @>;82>2 ?>;CG8B ?>4:@5?;5=85 2 H5ABL 1@>=5=>AF52, >15: - B0:65 2 25;8G09H59 B09=5 4>;65= >B>A;0BL «C8=», «>=4>=», « D #M;;A» =0 0;LBC, :>=B@-04<8@0;C "5@A18, 4;O 459AB289 =0 4@80B8:5 2<5AB5 A D;>B>< B0;88 2> 8A?>;=5=85 CA;>289 0=3;>-8B0;LO=A:>3> <>@A:>3> 4>3>2>@0. K C:070;8 45 >15:C, GB>, ?> <=5=8N 4<8@0;B59AB20, 2@5?KB>: D>@A8@>20=8O 0@40=5;; >4=8< ;8HL D;>B>< ?@>H;> 8 2 =0AB>OI8E >1AB>OB5;LAB20E 2@O4 ;8 ?>2B>@8BAO 2?@54L; B5?5@L 53@0=8G8BLAO ?>445@6:>9 =0ABC?;5=8O 0@<88.

K 70A845;8AL 70 MB8<8 B5;53@0<<0<8 70 ?>;=>GL 2 ?>A;54=89 @07 2<5AB5.


;020 32. 045=85 ?@028B5;LAB20.

 

14 <0O >5==K9 A>25B A>1@0;AO A@548 04>20 ?;0<5=8. 0A >1ABC?8;8 D0:BK: 0@<8O 0<8;LB>=0 =0 0;;8?>;8 >:070;0AL 2 1572KE>4=>< BC?8:5, 2 C60A=KE >1AB>OB5;LAB20E: ?>40BL ?>4:@5?;5=8O 1K;> 70B@C4=8B5;L=>, >B25AB8 2>9A:0 GCBL ;8 =5 =52>7<>6=>. $;>B 70<5@ 2 >F5?5=5=88. $8H5@ =0AB0820; =0 >B2>45 «C8= -;87015B» - 35@<0=A:85 AC1<0@8=K CA?5;8 ?>4>9B8 : 2E>4C 2 4@80B8G5A:>5 <>@5 8 3@>78;8 154>9 3CAB>?;5=8N A>N7=8G5A:8E :>@01;59 C 0@40=5;;. @8H;8 =>2>AB8 > =5A><=5==>9 =5C40G5 1@8B0=A:>3> =0ABC?;5=8O 2> $@0=F88 2 A5:B>@5 3@O4K 15@. @<8O $@5=G0 157@57C;LB0B=> ?>B5@O;0 >:>;> 20 00 G5;>25:; D@0=FC7A:89 D@>=B B@51>20; =>2KE ;N4A:8E 8 <0B5@80;L=KE ?>4:@5?;5=89. !=0@O4=K9 :@878A @07@078;AO 2 ?>;=CN A8;C CB@5==OO «"0918=COAL ?8A0;0 > =5E20B:5 1>5?@8?0A>2 0 A;54>< =042830;AO 8 ?>;8B8G5A:89 :@878A ?5@2>9 25;8G8=K. >AA8O B5@?5;0 ?>@065=85 8 A :064K< 4=Q< 2K:07K20;0 2AQ 1>;LHCN A;01>ABL. 8A:CAA8O H;0 =5@2=>, 2 A:25@=><, E>BO 8 A< D>@<0;L=K<8 ?@8;8G8O<8, 4CE5.

8BG5=5@ 7040; B>= 03@5AA82=>9, >D8F80;L=>9 8 GC4>28I=> =5A?@0254;82>9 60;>1>9. = A>3;0A8;AO CG0AB2>20BL 2 40@40=5;;LA:>< 45;5 ?>4 >15I0=85 D;>B0 D>@A8@>20BL ?@>;82, 8 2 >A>15==>AB8 ?>;030OAL =0 8A:;NG8B5;L=K5 :0G5AB20 «C8= -;87015B». "5?5@L <>@O:8 >B:070;8AL >B 0B0:8. >;55 B>3> - >=8 C2>4OB ;8=:>@ >B @>;82>2 8 C2>4OB A@07C 65 70 =0G0;>< 1>;LH>9 ACE>?CB=>9 >?5@0F88 =0 0;;8?>;8, 2 B>B A0<><5=B, :>340 0@<8O 8BG5=5@0 45@QBAO =5 =0 687=L, 0 =0A<5@BL C A0<>9 :@><:8 15@530! "CB 2<5H0;AO $8H5@: 8BG5=5@ 8 ?@5<8=8AB@ ?@5:@0A=> 7=0NB, GB> ;8G=> >= 1K; ?@>B82 40@40=5;;LA:>3> ?@54?@8OB8O A A0<>3> 53> =0G0;0. #4828B5;L=0O @5<0@:0 >AB0;0AL 157 >B25B0. 0A8< 2>5==K9 <8=8AB@ >1@0B8;AO : 8=K< B50B@0< 8 >1@8A>20; A>1@0=8N 157@04>AB=CN :0@B8=C: D@>=B ?>68@05B A=0@O4K A =51K20;>9, =52>7<>6=>9 4;O 2>5==>9 04<8=8AB@0F88 A:>@>ABLN; =8 >48= 87 70:07>2 =0 2AO:>3> @>40 A=0@O65=85 =5 2K?>;=O5BAO 2 A@>:; >AA8O 2K:07K205B @0ABCICN A;01>ABL - 35@<0=FK <>3CB ?5@51@>A8BL 2>9A:0 8 2>7>1=>28BL =0ABC?;5=85 =0 70?045. = =5 ?@>2845F, => @8B0=8O 4>;6=0 >AB0BLAO 2 157>?0A=>AB8 8 ?@8 A0<>< A:25@=>< E>45 2A5E ?@54?@8OB89. A;>682H8EAO >1AB>OB5;LAB20E, >= =5 <>65B >B?@028BL $@5=GC >15I0==K5 G5BK@5 4828788 8 >AB028B =>2K5 G0AB8 4><0, 4;O >1>@>=K AB@0=K.

8BG5=5@ 70:>=G8; 3>2>@8BL, 8 !>25B >15@=C;AO :> <=5 GCBL ;8 =5 2A5 3;O=C;8 2 <>N AB>@>=C. / 27O; A;>2> 8 2K;>68; ?5@54 A>1@0=85< >B;8G=> 7=0:>@ 0@3C<5=B>2 2>:@C3 =8E 2KAB@>5= 25AL MB>B B><. "@8 <5AOF0 =0704 <>3;8 ?@542845BL <09A:8E A>1KB89 8 @5H8;8AL 0B0:>20BL 0@40=5;;K >4=8< B>;L:> D;>B><, =5 2540O, GB> 4;O 0;;8?>;8 =094QBAO 0@<8O 2 80 100 000 G5;>25:. 5@=>, GB> <=>3>5 84QB =5 B0:; 5AB5AB25==>, GB> < 25;8:85 @07>G0@>20=8O, => ?@8G8= 4;O >BG0O=8O 8 ?0=8:8 =5B, 0 =5?@>4C<0==K5 459AB28O B>;L:> CAC3C1OBB >1AB0=>2:C. >@A:0O >?5@0F8O 2 0@40=5;;0E =5 >1@0I05BAO 2>:@C3 >4=>3> ;8HL :>@01;O, 8 =8:>340 =5 7028A5;0 B>;L:> >B «C8= -;87015B». 0 45;5, @5H5=8O >1 >B?@02:5 =>259H53> :>@01;O : @>;820<. "5?5@L F5==K9 ;8=:>@ 4>;65= C9B8 2284C AC1<0@8==>9 C3@>7K, => B>28;8 =0 70<5=C <>=8B>@K 8 8=K5, A?5F80;L=> A:>=AB@C8@>20==K5 4;O 1><10@48@>2:8 15@530 :>@01;8 A >A>1>9 70I8B>9 >B ?>42>4=KE 0B0:. @<8O =8:0: =5 ?>B5@O5B 2 ?>445@6:5 A <>@O. 5?@028;L=> ?@5C25;8G820BL F5==>ABL «C8= -;87015B»; =525@=> ?@54?>;030BL, GB> >3@><=>5 ?@54?@8OB85 7028A8B >B 548=>3> :>@01;O. !0<0 =5E20B:0 A=0@O4>2 ?>4A:07K205B =0< 2KE>4: =5 60;5BL B@C4>2 8 =5 ?CA:0BLAO 2 ?@56452@5<5==K5 =0ABC?;5=8O 4> 2@5<5=8 ?>4>10NI53> ?@52>AE>4AB20 2 ;N4OE, >@C48OE, 1>5?@8?0A0E. , =0:>=5F, GB> 70 @073>2>@K > 2B>@65=88? 4<8@0;B59AB2> =5 25@8B 2 CA?5H=CN 2KA04:C =5?@8OB5;O, 8 C6 A>2A5< =5 2848B, :0: 2@03 A<>65B ?>?>;=OBL 8 A=0160BL 38?>B5B8G5A:89 45A0=B =0 0=3;89A:8E 15@530E. >G5<0=FK 4>;6=K >B25@=CBLAO >B 2>AB>:0? 5?@8OB5;L 2?>;=5 2>2;5GQ= 2 1>8 A >AA859, :0: <>65B >= ?5@51@>A8BL 2>9A:0 4;O 2B>@65=8O 2 =3;8N 8;8 4;O 0B0: =0 70?045? A:>;L:> A>;40B >= A<>65B ?5@51@>A8BL? 70 :0:>5 2@5;57=K5 ?>?KB:8 =0ABC?;5=89 =0 70?04=>< D@>=B5, 4>648B5AL =>2KE 0@<89, :>?8B5 1>5?@8?0AK. !>15@8B5 4>ABC?=K5 B5?5@L ?>4:@5?;5=8O C 0@40=5;;, 409B5 M:A?548F8>==>@?CAC =0 0;;8?>;8 4>AB0B>G=> A=0@O4>2, 4>159B5AL =08A:>@59H53> @5H5=8O =0 MB>< B50B@5. AB02LB5 B@52>38 > 2B>@65=88: A53>4=O =0H8 >AB@>20 C65 =5 =038, :0: 2 1914 3>4C, => I5B8=OBAO <=>65AB2>< HBK:>2 8 70I8I5=K D;>B><, :C40 :0: 1>;55 A8;L=K<, =565;8 2 =0G0;5 2>9=K; ;L7C5<8 4>A5;5 8AB>G=8:0<8 8=D>@<0F88. #4>2;5B2>@8B5 70?@>A $@5=G0 8 409B5 52K5 4828788, => ?>:0 >3@0=8GLB5AL 2> $@0=F88 >4=>9 ;8HL >1>@>=>9.

/ =5 F8B8@CN, => ?5@540N A53> 2KABC?;5=8O. ;O ACB8 4>AB0B>G=> 8 :@0B:>3> 87;>65=8O. 070;>AL, !>25B 2=O; <>8< 4>2>40<. !>1@0=85 @07>H;>AL 157> 2AO:8E @5H5=89. '5@57 =5A:>;L:> =545;L : 2;0AB8 ?@8H;> :>0;8F8>==>5 ?@028B5;LAB2>, 8 =>2K9 018=5B GCBL ;8 =5 157@0745;L=> ?@8=O; <>N ;>38:C, 0 687=L ?>4B25@48;0 2A5 5Q ?>AK;:8. B2>4 «C8= -;87015B» =5 A:070;AO =8 =0 ?>445@6:5 0@<88, =8 =0 A=0165=88 2>9A:. !>N7=8G5A:85 =0ABC?;5=8O =0 70?045 B@51>20;8 2AQ 1>;LH59 :@>28, 15A?>;57=> 8AB@518;8 =0H8 =>2K5 0@<88 8 =5C:;>==> ?@>20;820;8AL 2 B5G5=85 B@QE 2>A?>A;54>202H8E ;5B. 5@<0=FK =5 <>3;8 >AB0=>28BL 8 =5 >AB0=>28;8 =0B8A:0 =0 >AA8N; =0 45;5, 1>O< =0 2>AB>:5 ;8HL ?@54AB>O;> @073>@5BLAO 2 ?>;=CN A8;C. > =5:>B>@>9 ?>@K 2@03C 1K;> =52>7<>6=> ?>25@=CBL =0 70?04, 4> MB>3> A@>:0 >AB020;8AL 4>;385 <5AOFK. 54=8;8 =3;8N: 2 B> 2@5=8 8 =5 ?> 2B>@65=88, => 4065 ?@8 2AQ< 65;0=88 =5 A<>3;8 1K 2KA048BLAO.

/ >:070;AO ?@02, => 2 B> 2@5;8B8:>9 @8B0=88 2>48;8 @07@CH5==K5 =04564K =0 CA?5H=K9 8AE>4 C 0@40=5;; 8 =0 1KAB@>5 >:>=G0=85 2>9=K.

>A;5 !>25B0 O =0?8A0; ?8AL<> ?@5<8=8AB@C; 4C<0N, GB> MB>B 4>:C<5=B 4>?>4;8==> 45<>=AB@8@C5B <>N ?>78F8N.

 

'5@G8;;L ?@5<8=8AB@C.

14 <0O 1915 3>40.

@>HC 20A >1@0B8BL 2=8<0=85 =0 A53>4=OH=55 70<5G0=85 $8H5@0: «O ?@>B82 0@40=5;; 8 B0: 1K;> 2A5340», 8;8 GB>-B> ?>4>1=>5. 5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 =587<5==> 8 ?8AL<5==> >4>1@O; 2A5 4286CI85 45;>< B5;53@0<<54;5==>< CA?5E5, AB0; 1K 8 A0< CA?5H5=. > O =5 60;CNAL. / ?@82O70= : AB0@><0;LG8H:5; <=5 70<5G0B5;L=> @01>B0BL A =8<. C<0N, ?@82O70==>ABL =0H0 2708<=0. >7<>6=>, GB> 2 MB>9 >?5@0F88 =0ABC?8B ?5@5;><=K9 <><5=B, :>340 8 04<8@0; 8 35=5@0; =0 <5AB5 70E>BOB 8 ?>B@51CNB @8A:=CBL - 2 B>< G8A;5 8 D;>B>< - 2 25;8:>< 8 @5H8B5;L=>< CA8;88. 5A;8 O A>3;0HCAL A =8<8, B> 4>;65= 1C4C 40BL @07@5H5=85, => =5 A<>3C 428=CBL 45;> ?>A;5 25B> <>53> 4@C30: >= =5 ?>A<>B@8B =0 >15I0NI89 2K83@KH, => A ?>@>30 >B25B8B «/ 2A5340 1K; ?@>B82 0@40=5;;».

"5?5@L 2K 2848B5, GB> 2 MB>< ?@54?@8OB88 :B>-B> 4>;65= 27OBL =0 A51O >B25BAB25==>ABL. / 3>B>2, => A ?@02>< ?@8=OBL 2;0AB=>5 @5H5=85 8 =8:0: 8=0G5.

B<5GC 5IQ >4=> =5C4>1AB2>: =8:B> =5 7=05B, :0: 8BG5=5@ @0A?>@O48BAO ?>4:@5?;5=8O<8. A5 25@H5==> 2 53> @C:0E 8 O =8:>340 =5 2845; 8BG5=5@0 2 AB>;L AB@0==>< 8 1>;55 157@0AAC4=>< =0AB@>5=88. . =0<5@5205BAO ;8H8BL 0<8;LB>=0 4828789 2 >B<5AB:C 70 >B7K2 4<8@0;B59AB2>< «C8= -;87015B», 0 $8H5@ >B?@028B «C8= -;87015B» 4><>9, 5A;8 A0< >AB0=5BAO 2 4<8@0;B59AB25.

K 4>;6=K ?@>9B8 A:2>7L 2AQ MB> A 2K45@6:>9 8 @5H8B5;L=>ABLN, : 25;8G09H59 2 8AB>@88 ?>1545, =>, 4C<0N, B5?5@L A>25@H5==> OA=>, GB> G5;>25:, ?@>87=>AOI89 A;>20 «>B:07K20NAL >B >B25BAB25==>AB8 70 ?>@065=85» =5 <>65B 1KBL 25@E>2=K< AC4LQ9 2 =0G8=0=8OE, <>3CI8E AB0BL 687=5==> =5>1E>48

 

5=L ?@>HQ; 70 A?8A:>< <>@A:8E ?>4:@5?;5=89 45 >15:C 8 2 ?@83>B>2;5=8OE : =5<54;5==>9 >B?@02:5 42CE 4828789: O =045O;AO, GB> 0<8;LB>=C =5 1C45B 2 =8E >B:070=>.

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«K 7=05B5, O 2A5340 1K; ?@>B82 MB>3> ?@54?@8OB8O». $8H5@ ?>A<>B@5; =0 <5=O :0:-B> ?>->A>1>87=QA: «K ?@02K MB> =5G5AB=>», => ?@8=O; 2A5 1C<038, I0;8AL, 8, : 45AOB8 25G5@0 O 25@=C;AO : A515 2 :018=5B: =>G=0O @01>B0 AB0;0 4;O <5=O ?@028;>< A> 2@5<5=8 2>72@0I5=8O $8H5@0 2 4<8@0;B59AB2>.

B5 G@572KG09=K5 4=8 ?>;>65=85 <5=O;>AL A C4828B5;L=>9 1KAB@>B>9. "5?5@L 2<5H0;>AL =>2>5 A>1KB85. B0;88 @073>@5;AO ?>;8B8G5A:89 :@878A. 0@;0<5=B ?@>B828;AO 2ABC?;5=8N 2 2>9=C, ?@028B5;LAB2> ?>40;> 2 >BAB02:C. 25 =545;8 =0704 <5G0B5;L=K9, 4@03>F5==K9 2K83@KH A53>4=O 2AQ :>@5==K< >1@07>< ?5@5<5=8;>AL. 5704>;3> 4> ?>;C=>G8 :> <=5 =0 ?@8Q< ?>?@>A8;AO <>@A:>9 0BB0H5 B0;88 >D8F5@, 3>@OG> @0A?>;>65==K9 : A>N7=8:0<. @8HQ; 8 04<8@0; ;825@ A ?0?:>N 1C<03. > <=5=8N 8B0;LO=F0, 2 8<5 ?@5>1;040;8 A><=5=8O 8 <5B0=8O; =04> @5H8BL 45;> =5<54;5==K< 8A?>;=5=85< 4>3>2>@Q==>AB59 > <>@A:>< A>B@C4=8G5AB25 8 >:070BL B0;88 ?><>IL, :0: B> @5H8;8 2 0@865 =545;N =0704. > MB8< A>3;0H5=8O< - <564C ?@>G53> - 1O70;8AL ?><>GL 8B0;LO=A:>BC =0 4@80B8:5 G5BK@L<8 8 2KA;0BL 8E : "0@0=B> A ?@8E>4>< =0 @0AA25B5 18 <0O. > <>@A:>9 0BB0H5 B>@>?8;. A;8 :>@01;8 ?>4>94CB : CB@C 16-3>, <>@A:0O A>;840@=>ABL 5;8:>1@8B0=88 8 B0;88 AB0=5B A25@H82H8< 8 ?5@5;><8B ?>;>65=85.

/ A0<>;8G=> ?@85760; 2 0@86, 4>3>20@820;AO A B0;859 >1 CA;>28OE <>@A:>9 :>=25=F88, 7=0; 5Q 4> ?>A;54=59 45B0;8 8 A>3;0A>20; A ?5@2K< <>@A:8< ;>@4>< :064K9 ?C=:B, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 >B?@02:C G5BK@QE :@59A5@>2. @59A5@0 1K;8 @0A?8A0=K ?>8. /A=K5 8=8F80;K $8H5@0, 53> 75;Q=K9 :0@0=40H =0 2B>@>9 AB@0=8F5 4>:C<5=B0 >B?@028; :>@01;8 2 ?;020=85. 8:0:85 @57>=K =5 ?@5?OBAB2>20;8 ?>A?5H8BL A >B?@02:>9 :@59A5@>2 =0 A>@>: 2>A52. >?@>A =5 >B=>A8;AO : ?5@5G=N A>3;0A>20==KE <564C =0<8 =5>B;>6=KE 45;, =5 B@51>20; =0@CH5=8O @0A?>@O4:0 @01>G8E ACB>: 8 A@>G=>9 :>=AC;LB0F88. / 8 =5 ?>4C<0; > :0:8E-B> 2>7<>6=KE ?>A;54AB28OE, =0G0;L=8: HB010 =5 ?@54;>68; @071C48BL $8H5@0. 5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 4>;65= 1K; ?@>G8B0BL 4>:C<5=B 2 4 CB@0 >1KG=>5 4;O =53> 2@5BK A 1C<030<8. B0:, O CB25@48; =5<54;5==K9 2KE>4 :@59A5@>2 8 :0: 2A5340 2 ?>4>1=KE A;CG0OE =0?8A0;: «5@2><>@A:>@4C: 2K?>;=5=>, 4;O >7=0:><;5=8O».

5AOBL A ;8H:>< ;5B O 4C<0;, GB> 8<5==> MB0 D@070 AB0;0 8A:@>9, 2>A?;0<5=82H59 H=C@. > B5?5@L 18>3@0DK $8H5@0 CB25@640NB, GB> >= =5 C2845; 8B0;LO=A:8E 4>:C<5=B>2 4> >BAB02:8. 4<8@0; M:>= 2 «87=8 ;>@40 $8H5@0» ?8H5B, GB> 2 BC =>GL O 4>:>=0; ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40 «?>A;54=59 A>;><8=:>9»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

>4=O2H8AL AC11>B=8< CB@><, O =5 =0HQ; >1KG=>3> ?8AL<0 >B ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40. -B> 1K;> =5>1KG=>; $8H5@ ?>GB8 =587<5==> =0?@02;O; <=5 A2>8 CB@5==85 B5:CI5< ?>;>65=88 45;. 452OB8 G0A0< <5=O >6840;8 2 $>@8= D8A5 8 O ?@>2Q; B0< =5:>B>@>5 2@5340 O 2>72@0I0;AO 2 4<8@0;B59AB2> G5@57 :>==>320@459A:89 ?;0F, :> <=5 ?>A?5H8; 2AB@52>65==K9 0AB5@B>=-!<8B: «$8H5@ ?>40; 2 >BAB02:C: 4C<0N, B5?5@L MB> A5@LQ7=>». = ?@>BO=C; <=5 70?8A:C >B ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40.

 

15 <0O 1915 3>40. 5@2>@4C.

>A;5 =5:>B>@>3>, BO3>AB=>3> @074C, GB> =5 <>3C 1>;55 >AB020BLAO 20H8< :>;;53>9. 8=B5@5A0E 3>AC40@AB20 65;0B5;L=> C9B8 >B 45B0;59 :0: 3>2>@8; 6>CMB, «=8:>340 =5 ?CA:09AO 2 >1JOA=5=8O» - => <=5 AB0;> C65 =52>7<>6=> ?@8A?>A01;820BLAO : :064>4=52=> @0ABCI8< 40@40=5;;LA:8< B@51>20=8O< 8 84B8 20< =02AB@5GC 2K 1K;8 ?@02K 2G5@0, A:0702, GB> O =5?@5<5==> >B:;>=ON 20H8 ?@54;>65=8O. > >B=>H5=8N : 20< MB> =5?>@O4>G=>, 0 <=5 1>;55 G5< =5?@8OB=>. / =5 65;0N =8:0:8E 2>?@>A>2 8 B>BG0A C5760N 2 (>B;0=48N.

A:@5==5, $8H5@.

 

>=0G0;C O =5 =0HQ; 45;> A5@LQ7=K<. =0G0;5 3>40, ?>A;5 0280=0;QB>2 $8H5@ ?>40; <=5 B0:>5 65, 2 2KAH59 AB5?5=8 >D8F80;L=>5 ?8AL<>; 2 B5G5=85 ?>A;54=8E G5BK@QE 8;8 ?OB8 <5AOF52 <=>3064K C3@>60; 8;8 E8B@8;, C3@>60O >BAB02:>9 - CAB=> 8 ?8AL<5==>, ?> ;N1>9 ?@8G8=5, <0;>9 8;8 1>;LH>9. / 1K; A>25@H5==> C25@5=, GB> >B:@>25==K9, 4@C65A:89 @073>2>@ ?>?@028B 45;>, 25@=C;AO 2 4<8@0;B59AB2> 8 C7=0;, GB> $8H5@ A:@K;AO, 8AG57. 3> =5 1K;> 2 740=88 4<8@0;B59AB20, =5 1K;> 8 4><0. A5 ;N48 $8H5@0 7=0;8 B>;L:> >4=> ?5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 2 >4=>G0AL5 >B1K; 2 (>B;0=48N. = >AB028; A>>1I5=85 ?@>G8< <>@A:8< ;>@40<; <>@A:85 =0G0;L=8:8 A>1@0;8AL 70 >1AC645=85< 2 A2>Q< :@C3C.

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«A;8 2K =094QB5 2>7<>6=>ABL 25@=CBL 53> >B;8G=> 8 A;020 >3C, => 5A;8 =5B G5=L BO6Q;>< ?>;>65=88.»

/ AB0@0;AO, :0: <>3. ?OBL 8 >?OBL. / ?8A0; 5. 5A?>;57=>.

 

- K >B25G0; $8H5@ !"" $ ! , '" ! " ! ! -" #" '"! / MB> ?@5:@0A=> 7=0N! / 65;0; 1K @01>B0BL A 20<8 8 2>B =5>A?>@8<>5 B>:070B5;LAB2>: O 4> ?>A;54=53> 45@60;AO @O4>< A 20<8 2 MB>< 40@40=5;;LA:>< 45;5 2>?@5:8 ?@>G=59H5 2A59 <>59 687=8 C15645=8N: 703;O=8B5 2 0@40=5;;LA:89 <5<>@0=4C< ><8B5BC 8 9 >1>@>=K!

K >AB0=5B5AL 0 O  #" B0: 1C45B ;CGH5. 0H5 25;8:>;5?85 78645BAO =0 <=5; O =8:>340 =5 701C4C, :0: 2K @8A:=C;8 ?>;8B8G5A:>9 1C4CI=>ABLN @048 <>53> 2>72@0I5=8O 8 O BO6:> @01>B0; =0 20A, B@C48;AO =0 ?@545;5 A8; => B5?5@L <5=O =5 C45@60B =8:0:85 ;8G=K5 >1O70B5;LAB20. #25@ON 20A: 40;L=59H85 @073>2>@K 15A?;>4=K 8 1>;57=5==K. / C65 A:070; ?@5<8=8AB@C, GB> =5 >AB0=CAL. "0: O @5H8; 8 A45@6C A;>2>. 8GB> =5 70AB028B <5=O >BABC?8BLAO. K >G5=L ?@>GC2AB2>20==> 3>2>@8B5, GB> @0AAB020=85 A> <=>9 >15@=QBAO 4;O 20A 1>;LH8< 3>@5< => C25@5=, GB> 2 3;C18=5 4CH8 ?>=8<05B5 A B5E ?>@ :0: O ?@8HQ; : 20< 2 ?@>H;>< >:BO1@5, C 20A =5 1K;> =8:>3> ?@540==55 <5=O. / >B40; @01>B5 2A5 A8;K 157 >AB0B:0.

 

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«/ =5 4C<0; > B0:><. / =5 65;0N =8G53> ?>4>1=>3>, => <>65B5 ;8 2K A>AB028BL =>2K9 !>25B?» ">340 O @0AA:070;, GB> ?@>G85 C?@02;ONI85 4<8@0;B59AB2>< ;N48 >AB0NBAO =0 <5AB0E, 0 8;LA>= 3>B>2 70=OBL :@5A;> $8H5@0. A:28B 40; <=5 ?>=OBL, GB> >4>1@O5B =07=0G5=85 AM@0 @BC@0. > E>4C 40;L=59H8E 15A54, ;8G=K9 A5:@5B0@L ?@5<5B8;, GB> >BAB02:0 $8H5@0 A0< >1@07>< 4>1028;0 : >1I58725AB=>9 B5?5@L A8BC0F88 A=0@O4=>3> 3>;>40 8 A:28B AG8B05B =5>1E>48< A>3;0A>20BL 40;L=59H85 H038 A ;845@0<8 N=8>=8AB>2. / 2K25; 87 53> A;>2, GB> :@878A =8 2 :>5< A;CG05 =5 A2O70= A >4=8< ;8HL 4<8@0;B59AB2><. A:28B ?@83;0A8; <5=O >B>1540BL, 8 25;8 ?@5:@0A=K9 25G5@ A@548 2A5E =0H8E 154. ">9 65 =>GLN O 25@=C;AO 2 >=4>=.

?>=545;L=8: CB@>< O ?@83;0A8; 2 4<8@0;B59AB2> 0;LDC@0, >B:@K; 5BAB02:C $8H5@0 8 ?>?@>A8; A>A;02H8AL =0 <=5=85 ?@5<8=8AB@0 >4>1@8BL =>2K9 A>AB02 !>25B0 A @BC@>< 8;LA>=>< 2> 3;025. / A>>1I8; 5 8;LA>= A>3;0A8;AO =0 =>2>5 =07=0G5=85 8 GB> ?@>G85 G;5=K !>25B0 >AB0NBAO =0 A;C615. A;8 ?@54=O 65 8 >:>=G0B5;L=> CB25@48B 87<5=5=8O, O 3>B>2 =5<54;5==> >1JO28BL 8E 0;0B5 8 =0G0BL 4510BK. BAB02:0 $8H5@0 2>7 MB> =025@=O:0 8 =5HCB>G=> 2AB@52>68B 53> 4@C759-N=8>=8AB>2; >= 4>;65= ;8G=> >1JO28BL 8< =>2>ABL, ?>43>B>28BL : ?5@5<5=0<, ?@89B8 : 2725H5==><=5=8N. = 2Q; A51O 157C?@5G=>: :>@@5:B=> 8 B2Q@4>. AB0B>: CB@0 ?@>HQ; 70 ?>43>B>2:>9 ?0@;0<5=BA:>9 @5G8; ?@54AB>O;0 O@>AB=0O 1>@L10, => O >AB020;AO 2 =52545=88 > 65AB>:8E ?>;8B8G5A:8E :>=2C;LA8OE 70 <>59 A?8=>9 8 2>:@C3 <5=O 8 2AQ 5IQ =045O;AO ?>1548BL.

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

/ 2KH5; >B :0=F;5@0 8 =0?@028;AO : ?@5<5=O A 25;8:>9 ?@54C?@548B5;L=>ABLN. / ?>40; A:28BC A?8A>: =>2>3> !>25B0; ?@5<8=8AB@ >B25B8;: «5B, MB>3> =5 1C45B. / @5H8; D>@<8@>20BL =0F8>=0;L=>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> 2 A>N75 A N=8>=8AB0<8; B5?5@L =C6=0 :C40 :0: 1>;LH0O @5>@30=870F8O». = >1JO28; <=5, GB> 8BG5=5@ 4>;65= ?>:8=CBL 2>5==>5 254> 8, ?>A;5 =5:>B>@KE ;5AB=KE 70<5G0=89 A:070;: «> GB> =0< 45;0BL A 20<8?» / =5<54;5==> ?>=O;, GB> 4>;65= ?>:8=CBL 4<8@0;B59AB2> 2AQ C65 @5H5=> 8 >B25B8;, GB> <8AB5@ 0;LDC@ <>65B A<5=8BL <5=O 157> 2AO:>9 70<8=:8 2 45;0E: =5A:>;L:> <5AOF52 ?>4@O4 O ?>A2OI0; 53> 2> 2A5 =0H8 A5:@5BK, 70 B>;L:> <>6=> ?@84C<0BL. 070;>AL, A:28B 8A:@5==5 4>2>;5= <>8< ?@54;>65=85<; O ?>=O;, GB> >=> A>2?0;> A 53> A>1AB25==K<8 ?;0=0<8. @5<>59 ?5@A>=5: «%>B8B5 ;8 2K <5AB0 2 =>2>< 018=5B5 8;8 ?@54?>G8B05B5 ?>;CG8BL :><0=4>20=85 2> $@0=F88?» MB>B <><5=B 2 :><=0BC 2>HQ; :0=F;5@ 07=0G59AB20. A:28B ?>25@=C;AO : =594-6>@46 >B:;8:=C;AO: « 5A;8 =0?@028BL 53> 2 <8=8AB5@AB2> :>;>=89? "0< ?@54AB>8B <=>3>5 A45;0BL». / =5 ?@8=O; MB>3> ?@54;>65=8O, 8 48A:CAA8O <>3;0 1K ?@>4>;68BLAO, => 425@L A=>20 >B2>@8;0AL. 0 A59 @07 2>HQ; A5:@5B0@L A 70?8A:>9 4;O <5=O: «0AB5@B>=-!<8B =0 B5;5D>=5. !2560O, A@>G=0O, 206=59H0O, =51K20;0O =>2>ABL. 0< =04;568B =5<54;5==> 25@=CBLAO 2 4<8@0;B59AB2>». / >3;0A8; A>>1I5=85 >1>8< :>;;530< 8 C40;8;AO 157 ;8H=8E A;>2.

'5@57 ?OBL <8=CB O 2>72@0B8;AO 2 4<8@0;B59AB2> 8 =5<54;5==> C7=0;, GB> 2 <>@5 2KH5; 25AL 35@<0=A:89 D;>B. A5 B@8 ;8=59=K5 MA:04@K, 425 07254K20B5;L=K5 3@C??K 8 A5<8=F52. 5@<0=A:89 :><0=4CNI89, A@548 ?@>G53>, A>>1I0; D;>BC 8 A;54CNI55: «0<5@520NAL 0B0:>20BL 4=Q<ý». / =5<54;5==> 701K; > ?>;8B8G5A:>< :@878A5 8 A>1AB25==>9 CG0AB8. 5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40 B5?5@L =5 1K;>; O ?>A;0; 70 =0G0;L=8:>< HB010, 04<8@0;>< ;825@>< 8 2B>@K< ;>@4><, AM@>< $@545@8:>< 0<8;LB>=><; 2<5AB5 B40;8 @0=4 $;8BC 8 ?@>G8< A8;0< ?@8:07K 2KE>48BL 2 <>@5. / B2Q@4> @5H8; ?5@5:@KBL =5?@8OB5;N >BE>4K 8 1@>A8BL 2 1>9 2AN =0HC A>548=Q==CN <>IL. 2>A52 25G5@0 A=>2=>< ?>:>=G8;8 A> A;>6=>9 :>>@48=0F8>==>9 @01>B>9, 8 O B5;53@0D8@>20; 65;;8:>:

 

>65B AB0BLAO, GB> =0702B@0 =0ABC?8B 5=L. AOG5A:>9 20< C40G8.

 

K BI0B5;L=> >1@5287>20;8 =0;8G=K5 A8;K, 8 =0H;8 ?>;>65=85 ?@52>AE>4=K<: 25745 <0:A8<0;L=> 2>7<>6=>5 ?@58. / ?@54;>68; @BC@C 8;LA>=C 8 2B>@>@4C, $@545@8:C 0<8;LB>=C 70=>G520BL 2 4<8@0;B59AB25, C <5=O =0 :20@B8@5: :@878A <>3 @07@078BLAO C65 =0 @0AA25B5. / =5 25@=C;AO 2 0;0BC 8 =5 ?>:8=C; AB5= 4<8@0;B59AB20. >74=8< 25G5@>< ?@8=5A;8 :@0A=K9 G5<>40=G8:: C254><;5=85 A:28B0 > D>@<8@>20=88 :>0;8F8>==>3> ?@028B5;LAB20 A ?@>AL1>9 :> 2A5< <8=8AB@0< 5IQ 4> CB@0 ?5@540BL 5H5=8O >1 >BAB02:5. / 8A?>;=8; B@51>20=85 ?@510282:

 

& O 8A:@5==89 AB>@>==8: =0F8>=0;L=>3> ?@028B5;LAB20 8 =8:0:85 ;8G=K5 ?@5B5=788 8;8 8=B5@5AK =5 4>;6=K ?><5H0BL @07@5H5=8N A53>4=OH=53> :@878A0. !59G0A < =0ABC?;5=85 =0 <>@5, 8 <=5 BO3>AB=> ?>:840BL 4<8@0;B59AB2>, => O =5?@5<5==> =045NAL, GB> 2K =5 4048B5 ?@>?0ABL <>8< B@C40<.

 

@>H5=85 CH;> : ?@5 ?@>H;> 2 ?@83>B>2;5=8OE : 1>;55 G5< 27KA:0B5;L=K< ?0@;0<5=BA:8< 8A?KB0=8O<; 4=Q< ?>;8B8G5A:89 :@878A >15@=C;AO 4;O <5=O :@CH5=85<; 25G5@ AB0; :0=C=>< 35=5@0;L=>3> <>@A:>3> A@065=8O. >AB0B>G=> 4;O >4=>3> 4=O.

! ?5@2K< A25B>< O A?CAB8;AO 2 >?5@0B82=K9 ?C=:B. 0G8=0O A B@QE CB@0, AB0=F88 =01;N45=8O 25;8 2@065A:89 D;>B. 2 G0A0 9 <8=CB 35@<0=A:89 D;03<0= 70A5:;8 =0 530 50' !(, 40 20' 2 126 <8;OE 70?04=55 5;L3>;0=40 8 2 40 <8;OE >B >AB@>20 "5@AE5;;8=3. A5 D;>BK 2KH;8 2 <>@5. @0=4 $;8B, A>?CBAB2C5<8 MA:04@0<8 8 D;>B8;8O<8, A?5H8; =0 N3. ><<>4>@ "M@28BB 2> 3;025 30@28GA:8E D;>B8;89, ?>4:@5?;Q==KE MA<8=F0<8 87 C2@0 8 ?@8 ?>445@6:5 >48==04F0B8 AC1<0@8=, :0@0C;8; C7:85 2>4K C >AB@>20 "5:A5;L. @03 <>3 =0=5AB8 MDD5:B82=K9 C40@ ;8HL 2 N6=>< =0?@02;5=88 =0?@8<5@, ?>?KB0BLAO 1;>:8@>20BL 0;5 8;8 C;>=L. A;8 =0<5@5=8O 35@<0=F52 1K;8 8<5==> B0:>2K, 0@28GA:0O C40@=0O 3@C??0 <>3;0 ;81> ?@>25AB8 =>G=CN 0B0:C, ;81> ?@8 A25B5 4=O C2;5GL =5?@8OB5;O 70 A>1>9 =0 ;8=8N AC1<0@8=. "0: 8;8 8=0G5, => 5A;8 2@03 7045@6820;AO 2 N6=KE 2>40E, @0=4 $;8B CA?520; 1;>:8@>20BL ?CB8 >BE>40 8 <>3 >6840BL 35@<0=F52 C "5@AE5;;8=30 8;8 2 2>AB>G=>< ?@>E>45 2 5;L3>;0=4A:CN 1CEBC. =B@830 A>E@0=8;0AL =0 =5A:>;L:> CB@5==8E G0A>2.

> 7 CB@0 <5;8 40;L=59H8E A2545=89 > =5?@8OB5;5. 0B5< >B:@K;>AL, GB> >= CA?5; 87<5=8BL :C@A 8 B5?5@L 84QB =5 =0 70?04, 0 =0 N3>-2>AB>:. 8F0 A>1@02H8EAO 2 >?5@0B82=>< ?C=:B5 @07>< ?><@0G=5;8. A;8 35@<0=FK A=>20 =5 ?>25@=CB =0 =0A, <>65< C;>28BL 8E 2 703>B>2;5==K5 A5B8. #B@> ?@>H;> 70 ?5G0;L=K<8 =01;N45=8O<8. 9 G0A>2 <5F:89 ;Q3:89 :@59A5@ «0=F83»: >= ?>B5@?5; 020@8N - 2>7<>6=>, GB> ?@8G8=>9 AB0;0 <8=0 =0 540 40' !(., 70 5' .: :C40 :0: 1;865 : 15@530< 5@<0=88 G5< @0==8< CB@>?5G0;8;8AL. 0:>=5F, 2 G5B25@BL >48==04F0B>3>, AB0;> OA=>, GB> 35@<0=A:89 D;>B 84QB 4><>9. "5?5@L <, GB> =548;8 ?@8:@KBL <8=8@>20=85 >335@-10=:8: 8<5==> A MB>3> 4=O B0< ?>O28;>AL <8==>5 ?>;5. 01>BK 7025@H8;8AL; $;>B B:@KB>3> >@O CHQ; 2 5;L3>;0=4A:CN 1CEBC 8 1@8B0=A:85 AC1<0@8=K =5 CA?5;8 2K9B8 =0 ?>78F8N ?5@5E20B0. "5< 45;> 8 :>=G8;>AL. A5 =0H8 D;>BK, MA:04@K 8 D;>B8;88 2 =5C4>2>;LAB288 ?>25@=C;8 ?@>GL, : :064>4=52=>9 8 =5CAK?=>9 4>7>@=>9 @01>B5, 0 O A=>20 >:070;AO A@548 ?>;8B8G5A:>3> :@878A0.

> 2@5<>Q CH;>. >5-GB> O C7=0; =5<54;5==>; <=>3>5 >B:@K;>AL =0 A;54CNI89 45=L: 25@=K9 G5;>25: @0AA:070;, GB> <>O ?5@A>=0 >1AC640;0AL ;N4L<8, ?>4E20B82H8<8 2;0ABL 8 >=8 B>;:>20;8 >1> <=5 A> 2AQ 1>;LH8< =5C4>2>;LAB285<. (;8 B09=K5, =5?@5@K2=K5, 2AQ 1>;55 >682;Q==K5 A>25I0=8O, => <5=O =0 =8E =5 ?@83;0H0;8. 845@K N=8>=8AB>2 A F5;LN ?><>GL =0F88 2 1545 - =5 2K428=C;8 ?>;8B8G5A:8E CA;>289, => 2 ?>;=>9 <5@5 2>A?>;L7>20;8AL :>=JN=:BC@>9, 8 B>@3>20;8AL 70 ?@02> =0 ?0B@>=06 8 70 ?>;>28=C <5AB. A:28BC ?@8H;>AL ?@>AB8BLAO A ?>;>28=>9 A>@0B=8:>2. 815@0;K, 5AB5AB25==K< >1@07><, CA?5;8 @07>G0@>20BLAO 2 :>;;530E-=5C40G=8:0E, 2 <8=8AB@0E, =5 ?@5CA?52H8E 2 45;5 2545=8O 2>9=K. 25G5@C ?>=545;L=8:0 @5H8;8, GB> 8BG5=5@ 4>;65= C9B8 87 2>5==>3> 254>B>@K9 284=K9 ?>AB, 8 AB0BL :5<-B> 2@>45 3;02=>:><0=4CNI53>; 2> 2B>@=8: AB0;> OA=>, GB> =8 >4=> ?@028B5;LAB2> =5 A<>65B >1>9B8AL 157 D5;L4<0@H0;0 >= ?>;L7C5BAO 25;8:8< =0@>4=K< 4>25@85<. A@54C A:28B CA?>:>8; >1I5AB25==>ABL 70O2;5=85<: 8BG5=5@ 8 @59 >AB0NBAO =0 ?@56=8E <5AB0E.

?OB=8FC, 21 <0O, ;>@4 >@B:;8DD O@>AB=> 0B0:>20; 8BG5=5@0 2 ?5G0B8: AB@0=0 >B25B8;0 A?>=B0==K< 8 O@>AB=K< 27@K2>< =0@>4=>3> 3=520; ?>@>G82HCN D5;L4<0@H0;0 3075BC A>63;8 =0 >=4>=A:>9 18@65. A?;5A: =0@>4=KE GC2AB2 >B40; 8BG5=5@C 20:0=B=K9 >@45= >42O7:8; 15;L389FK =5<54;5==> =03@048;8 53> >;LH>9 5=B>9 >@45=0 5>?>;L40. "5< A0;=>ABLN @5018;8B8@>20;8, 8 O >48= >AB0;AO >B25G0BL 70 2AQ ?@54?@8OB85 8 70 2A5 =5C40G8.

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

 

@BC@ 8;LA>= ?@5<8=8AB@C.

19 <0O 1915 3>40.

#20605<8AB5@ A:28B,

#B@5==85 3075BK ?8HCB > 2>7<>6=KE ?5@5AB0=>2:0E 2 ?@028B5;LAB25. >;65= A>>1I8BL 20<, GB> A>3;0A8;AO =0 ?>AB ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40 ?>4 <8AB5@>< '5@G8;;5< ?> 548=AB25==>>1@065=8N: O ?>AG8B0; MB> =08;CGH8< A?>A>1>< C45@60BLAO =0 ?@56=5< ?>;8B8G5A:>< :C@A5 A@548 2>7=8:H8E 8 =51;03>?@8OB=KE >1AB>OB5;LAB2, => @01>B0BL 2 B>< 65 :0G5AB25 ?>4 4@C38< ?5@2K< ;>@4>< - =5?>A8;L=0O =>H0 8 O =5 3>B>2 : =59.

#4>AB>25@ON A:070==>5,

A:@5==5 20H

..8;LA>=.

 

!B0@K9 04<8@0; ?>@078; <5=O; O A>25@H5==> =5 >6840; >B =53> ?>4>1=>3> 4>25@8O. 8;LA>= >B;8G0;AO :@09=59 A45@60==>ABLN. / =5 7=0;, =5 <>3 8 ?@54?>;>68BL 53> >F5=:8 <>59 ;8G=>AB8 8 <>59 @01>BK. @5645 O =8 @07C =5 2845; 2 =Q< =8 <0;59H53> >4>1@5=8O; @>2=> =8G53>, GB> A2845B5;LAB2>20;> 1K 2 <>N ?>;L7C.

"5?5@L <>8 GC2AB20 ?@>A=C;8AL, 8 O ?>=O;, :0: BO65;> 1C45B C9B8 87 4<8@0;B59AB20. / >:070;AO A@548 2A5>1I53> >AC645=8O, AB0; <8H5=LN 65AB>:8E 3075B=KE =0?04>:, <5=O 0B0:>20;0 @07JO@Q==0O ?0@;0<5=BA:0O :;0:0, :>;;538 @07>G0@>20;8AL 2> <=5 8 BCB ?@>72CG0;0 =5A><=5==0O >F5=:0: :> 25: =5 ?@>AB> ?@>87=QA :0:85-B> A;>20 2 >?@0240=85, => ?>@CG8;AO 70 <5=O 459AB285<. / ?>=8<0;, GB> >3;0A:0 70O2;5=8O 8;LA>=0 A0< >1@07>< >B7>2QBAO 2 :@C3C ;N459 <>@A:>9 A;C61K. >25@85 :> <=5, ?>4>@20==>5 157>B25B=K<8 0B0:0<8 ?@5AAK, 2>AAB0=>28;>AL 1K =5<54;5==>. !;>20 04<8@0;0 <>3;8 1K >B<5AB8 >128=5=8O 2 157@0AAC4AB25, 2 =5:> < 2<5H0B5;LAB25 3@0640=A:>3> <8=8AB@0 2 E>4 <>@A:>9 2>9=K: =8:B> =5 <>3 2KA:070BLAO 25A><55. <5O =0 @C:0E ?>@CG8B5;LAB2> 8;LA>=0, O <>3 1K 84B8 2?5@Q4, 8 ?@825AB8 25;8:CN >?5@0F8N : >:>=G0B5;L=>=O;, GB> <>3C A>AB028BL 8 MB> 1K C40;>AL A?;>GQ==CN ?0@C 8;LA>= ;825@: ?5@2K9 <>@A:>9 ;>@4 - =0G0;L=8: HB010 8 2>AA>740BL 548=>5, B>20@8I5A:>5 8 02B>@8B5B=>5 @C:>2>4AB2> 4<8@0;B59AB2>< 548=AB25==> =5>1E>48<>5 4;O B@C4>2, 45@70=89, ?>154K. > O C7=0; > ?8AL<5 8;LA>=0 87 ?@820B=>3> @073>2>@0 8 =5 <>3 >B:@KBLAO ?C1;8:5. @><>;G0; 8 ?@5<8=8AB@.

/ C25@5=, GB> A:28B A=8A:0; 1K ?>445@6:C 8 >4>1@5=85 87@O4=>3> 1>;LH8=AB20 ?0@;0<5=B0@852, 5A;8 1K =5 CABC?8; B@51>20=8O< :0=F;5@0 07=0G59AB20, =5 A>3;0A8;AO 1K =0 :>0;8F8N, => ?@54JO28; >1H8@=K9 A2>4 A2>8E 45;, <>@A:8E 8 2>5==KE 70:@KB>158E 0;0B. 5A>AB865=89 2>5==>3> 254>4 8BG5=5@>< >B2Q; 1K <=>385 >128=5=8O 2 04@5A D5;L4<0@H0;0. !0< O C25@5=, GB> A<>3 1K >BAB>OBL ?>;8B8:C 4<8@0;B59AB20. >;55 B>3>: 23 <0O ?>4>A?5;0 =>2>ABL ?@52KH5 2A59 4><0H=59 AC5BK B0;8O >1JO28;0 2>9=C 2AB@88. =0<5=0B5;L=>5 A>1KB85 83@0;> =0 @C:C ?@5<8=8AB@C, CG8BK20O 53> ;8G=CN @>;L 2 MB>< 45;5. A;8 1K A:28B @5H8;AO =0 1>@L1C, B> 2K83@0; 1K AE20B:C, 0 ?>A;5 ?>154K, A 4>AB>8=AB2>< 8 2;0AB=>N @C:>N ?>720; 1K >??>78F8N =5 A?0A0BL >B5G5AB2>, => ?><>GL 2 @01>B5; B>340 2 >A=>20=85 8=>9, 8AB8==> =0F8>=0;L=>9 :>0;8F88 ;53;8 1K B>20@8I5AB2> 8 2708<=>5 4>25@85. >2>5, >B25BAB25==>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> 2> 3;025 A A:28B>< ?@>4>;68;> 1K 2>5==CN @01>BC 157 ?@54AB>OI53> =0< ?5@8>40 2708<=>3> =54>25@8O, ?0@0;87CNI59 45;> D@0:F8>==>9 1>@L1K 2 A>25B5 => MB> <5GBK; 2 459AB28B5;L=>AB8 H;8 2 ?>;>AC CB5@O==KE 2>7<>6=>AB59 8 >AB020;8AL 2 =59 4> 45:01@O 1916 3>40.

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

1928 3>4C 2 A25B 2KH;8 <51I5AB2> 2?5@2K5 C2845;> C;LB8<0BC< $8H5@0 ?@028B5;LAB2C 3>@OG5G=K9 4>:C<5=B, OA=>5 8 15760;>AB=>5 A2845B5;LAB2> C3> 87=C@5=8O AB0@>3> 04<8@0;0 2 =0?@O6Q==KE B@C40E 2>9=K. >:C<5=B 15A?>4>15=: G5;>25:-2C;:0=, <>9 A>@0B=8:, ?@83>2>@82H89 =0A : B@038G5A:8< 2>5==K< 8 ?>;8B8G5A:8< @5H5=8O<, =0@8A>20; 2K@078B5;L=59H89 02B>?>@B@5B. $8H5@ ?8H5B:

 

A;8 H5ABL =865A;54CNI8E CA;>289 1C4CB ?@8=OBK, O 30@0=B8@CN CA?5H=>5 >:>=G0=85 2>9=K 8 ?>;=>5 CAB@0=5=85 AC1<0@8=>9 C3@>7K.

>;65= ?@54C254><8BL: A B5E ?>@ :0: ;>@4 8?>= 2 1885 3>4C ?>65;0; =07=0G8BL <5=O ;>@4>< 4<8@0;B59AB20, => ?@8=O; <>N ?@>AL1C >1 8=>< =07=0G5=88 48@5:B>@>< 5?0@B0<5=B0 B>@?54=>-0@B8;;5@89A:8E 2>>@C65=89 O ?@>@01>B0; 2 4<8@0;B59AB25 A5<=04F0BL ;5B, >BA;C68; ?>4 452OBLN ?5@2K<8 ;>@40<8 8 :>5-GB> ?>=8<0N 2 MB8E 45;0E.

(1). 8AB5@ '5@G8;;L 2A5340 >1<0=K20; <5=O 8 53> =5 4>;6=> 1KBL 2 018=5B5. 02=K< >1@07>< O =5 1C4C A;C68BL 8 ?>4 <8AB5@>< 0;LDC@><.

(2). !M@ .. 8;LA>= ?>:8405B 4<8@0;B59AB2>, ><8B5B 8 9 >1>@>=K 8 >5==K9 A>25B, GB>1K =5 >B=8<0BL C <5=O 2@5<8 ?@>5:B0<8, =0?>4>185 1><10@48@>2>: 5;L3>;0=40. >102;N, GB> 53> ?>;8B8:0 ?>;=>ABLN ?@>B82>@5G8B <>59; B5?5@L >= A>3;0A8;AO =0A;54>20BL ?>AB ?5@2>3> ;>@40, 8 1C45B 25AB8 45;> 2 ?>;=>< ?@>B82>@5G88 A <>8<8 273;O40<8.

(3). >;=0O 70<5=0 04<8@0;B59A:>3> @C:>2>4AB20: 4>;6=K C9B8 8 <>@A:85 ;>@4K, 8 C?@02;ONI89 D8=0=A0<8 (>= =8:C40 =5 3>48BAO). ;O =>2KE 45; =C6=K >2K5 N48.

(4). / >48= ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=> @C:>2>6C 2>9=>9 =0 <>@5, @0A?>@O60NAL 48A?>78F859 D;>B0, =07=0G0N >D8F5@>2 ;N1>3> @0=30.

(5). 5@2K9 ;>@4 4<8@0;B59AB20 A>25@H5==> >3@0=8G8205BAO ?>;8B8:>9 8 ?0@;0<5=BA:8<8 ?@>F54C@0<8; 8<5==> B0: 4>AB>?>GB5==K9 <8AB5@ "5==0=B, G;5= 0@;0<5=B0, @01>B05B 4;O 8BG5=5@0 (8 >B;8G=> @01>B05B).

(6). >;=>5, 548=>;8G=>5 ?@02> @0A?>@O60BLAO 2A5<8 =>2K<8 @07@01>B:0<8, 2A5<8 8 ;N1K<8 @01>B0<8 =0 25@DOE, =5?@5@5:05=B@>;L =04 3@0640=A:8<8 CG@5645=8O<8 D;>B0.

(=8F80;) $.

19-5-15.

>ABA:@8?BC< 70 ?@>H;K5 3>4K, 60 ?@>F5=B>2 <>53> 2@5<5=8 8 M=5@388 ?>?CABC CH;8 =0 452OBL ?5@2KE ;>@4>2; B5?5@L O E>GC C?>B@518BL 2A5 A8;K 4;O CA?5H=>3> 2545=8O 2>9=K. -B> 548=AB25==0O ?@8G8=0 H5AB8 CA;>289. ?C1;8:C9B5 8E 4>A;>2=>, GB>1K D;>B A<>3 C7=0BL > <>59 ?>78F88.

 

5B =C64K >1JOA=OBL, ?>G5:C<5=B =0HQ; >B25B 2 =5<54;5==>< >B@5H5=88 $8H5@0 >B 4>;6=>AB8.

$>@<8@>20=85 =>2>3> ?@028B5;LAB20 H;> G5@57 ?5=L-:>;>4C. 845@K ?0@B89 ?@8=O;8 <564C A>1>9 GB>-B> 2@>45 C:070 1645 3>40 (Self-Denying Ordnance ?@. ?5@.) 8 4>3>2>@8;8AL =5 2:;NG0BL 2 04<8=8AB@0F8N G;5=>2 ?0@;0<5=B0, A;C60I8E B5?5@L =0 D@>=B0E. @8H;>AL A B@C40<8 CB@OA0BL <=>385 ?0@B89=K5 8 ;8G=K5 ?@8BO70=8O. / >AB020;AO 2 04<8@0;B59A:>< >48=>G5AB25, => A2>52@5<5==> 8 ?>;=>ABLN C7=020; 2A5 =>2>AB8 70?CB0==>3> 8, =5A><=5==>, ?>CG8B5;L=>3> ?@>F5AA0. 45AL O =5 =0<5@5= 24020BLAO 2 ?>4@>1=>AB8; ?CABL MB8 E@>=8:8 4>AB0=CBAO 3@O4CI8< 5?8A0< (2 >@838=0;5 Grevilles and Crokers ?@. ?5@.) 1C4CI85 ?>:>;5=8O, 40 8 =0H8 A>2@5<5==8:8 2?>;=5 >1>94CBAO 8 157 =8E.

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«AQ B0:, => >4=>9 70A;C38 C 20A =8:B> =5 >B=8<5B. $;>B >:070;AO 3>B>2». 0B5< >= CHQ;. K ?@>@01>B0;8 2<5AB5, 2 =>2>< 018=5B5 5IQ =5A:>;L:> 2@5<5=8; <=5 A=>20 ?@8H;>AL A?>@8BL A =8<, 2>7@060BL, :@8B8:>20BL, => 2 ?0AB0;8AL 2KA>:85 :0G5AB20 @KF0@AB25==>3> G5;>25:0, >B402H53> <=5 B>B, ?@>I0;L=K9 2878B: 53> AC@>20O 4>1@>B0, 53> A5@45G=0O CGB82>ABL.

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

5G5@>< 21 <0O O 4>;>68; ?@5<8=8AB@C:

 

/ =0AB>9G82>, => 157CA?5H=> AB0@0;AO C1548BL @BC@0 8;LA>=0 A;C68BL ?>4 0;LDC@><. A;>682H8EAO >1AB>OB5;LAB20E ?@54;030N 5=@8 65:A>=0.

 

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

:>=G0B5;L=K9 A>AB02 ?@028B5;LAB20 >1JO28;8 ;8HL 26 <0O; <8=8AB@K >1<5=820;8AL >D8A0<8 8 E>48;8 F5;>20BL @C:C AC25@5=0. >2>AB0;8AL >B;>65==K5 =0 <@0G=K9 ?5@8>4 1572@5<5=LO 2>5==K5 8 ?>;8B8G5A:85 45;0: : 0@40=5;;0< =5 1K;> ?>A;0=> =8 >4=>3> A>;40B0; 1572;0AB85, >BACBAB285 ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40 >3@0=8G8;8 @01>BC ?>2A54=52=>9 45OB5;L=>ABLN. / AB0@0;AO, :0: B>;L:> <>3.

0==8< CB@>< 26 <0O <>9 ?>A;54=89 45=L 2 4<8@0;B59AB25 ?@8H;0 ?5G0;L=0O =>2>ABL: 35@<0=A:0O AC1<0@8=0 C 0@40=5;; B>@?548@>20;0 8 CB>?8;0 «"@09MO @01>B0 C65 70:>=G8;0AL, => ?@5645 2878B0 2 C:8=35@5F O =0?8A0; ?8AL<> 3>AC40@AB25==><8@0;B59A:8E 45;:

 

'5@G8;;L <8AB5@C 0;LDC@C.

26 <0O 1915 3>40. AB02;ON 20< 2 2KAH59 AB5?5=8 B@C4=CN 8 A>25@H5==> =5>B;>6=CN 7040GC: 70I8BC 40@40=5;;LA:>3> >B@O40 >B ?>42>4=KE 0B0:. 5 AB>8B =54>>F5=820BL A5@LQ7=>AB8 ?>;>65=8O. A;8 =5 A?@028BLAO A MB>9 >?0A=>ABLN, ?>A;54AB28O AB0=CB =587<5@8<> C60A=K<8. 25 =545;8 O =5 8<5; 2;0AB8 ?@8=8<0BL 206=KE @5H5=89. K, A 20H8< OA=K< C<>< 8 E;04=>:@>2=K<8 AC645=8O<8 4048B5 @01>B5 =5>1E>48;G>:. / A>AB028; 70<5B:8 > =08;CGH8E A?>A>10E ?><>GL 45;C:

 

1. 0:A8<0;L=> A:>@0O 2>5==0O >?5@0F8O A>:@0B8B ?5@8>4 ?>42>4=>9 >?0A=>AB8. 04;568B A>1@0BL 2A5 2>7<>6=K5 A8;K 8 >B?@028BL 8E 2 <>@5 157>B;030B5;L=>, 2A5 >4=>2@5<5==>.

2. > 2>7>1=>2;5=8O @5H8B5;L=KE =075<=KE 459AB289, D;>B 4>;65= >AB0BLAO 2 157>?0A=>< <5AB5 2 3020=8 C4@>A0, ;81> !CMF:>< :0=0;5. >:0 =5 ?>4>94CB ;8EB5@K A A5BO<8, =C6=K5 0@<88 :>@01;8 <>6=> C15@5GL ?@8=09B>20==K<8 ?> 1>@B0< ?CABK<8 B@0=A?>@B0<8 8;8 C3>;LI8:0<8.

3. 5>1E>48<> 157 ?@><54;5=8O 3>B>28BL 70I8IQ==K5 >B B>@?54=KE 0B0: :>@01;8. 70?8A:5 >B 13 <0O O ?@54;030; ?5@2>@4C A@>G=> >B?@028BL =0 <5AB> 452OBL BO6Q;KE <>=8B>@>2: >48= 70 >4=8<, ?> <5@5 3>B>2=>AB8 :064>3>; =5<54;5==> 2KA;0BL : 0@40=5;;0< G5BK@5 «-430@0» A> A@54=59 1><10@48@>2>G=>9 0@B8;;5@859 8 ?@>B82><8==K<8 =045;:0<8, => A B5E ?>@ ?@>H;8 425 =545;8, 0 «-430@K» B0: 8 =5 CH;8 87-70 =0H53> <564CF0@AB28O. >:0 C:070==K5 :>@01;8 =5 CA?5NB : 0@40=5;;0< 8 4> =0G0;0 @5H8B5;L=>9 =075<=>9 >?5@0F88, D;>B>< 4>;6=> @8A:>20BL ;8HL ?@8 :@09=59 =5>1E>48<>AB8.

4. 4>?>;=5=85 :> 2AOG5A:8< 8 ?@>G8< <5@0< - 2K =5?@5<5==> C7=05B5 > =8E - : 0@40=5;;0< 4>;6=K 1KBL ?>A;0=K =5 <5=55 100 B@0C;5@>2 8 4@8DB5@>2, A> AB0 <8;O<8 8=48:0B>@=KE A5B59 8 2>A5102>G=KE MA<8=F52 (?>94CB 2 MA:>@B5 2>9A:>2KE B@0=A?>@B>2).

5. ;O 70I8BK >B AC1<0@8= =5>1E>48<> ?5@5:@KBL A5BO<8 7=0G8B5;L=K9 @09>= 2>:@C3 >:>=5G=>AB8 0;;8?>;89A:>3> ?>;C>AB@>20 8 @07<5AB8BL 2 70I8IQ==>9 7>=5 1>;LH>5 G8A;> 2>>@C6Q==KE B@0C;5@>2 8 ?>AB>O==> 3>B>2KE 384@>?;0=>2. %>GC ?>4G5@:=CBL, GB> 459AB2>20BL ?@84QBAO <0AHB01=> 8 @048:0;L=>. =>3>5 C65 A45;0=>.

6. !;548BL 70 2E>4>< 2 4@80B8G5A:>5 <>@5, ?5@5:@KBL 53> A5BO<8, 8A:0BL 107K ?>42>4=KE ;>4>: 2>:@C3 0;>0789A:>3> ?>;C>AB@>20, <8=8@>20BL 2A5 ?>4>7@8B5;L=K5 <5AB0, =0;048BL =5278@0O =0 @0AE>4K @07254:C; ?@840BL 4>;6=>5 CA:>@5=85 2A5 45;05BAO C65 A59G0A.

7. 5?@5<5==> =0;030BL 27KA:0=8O 70 =5@0482>ABL.

 

B 2A59 4CH8 65;0N 20< ?@5CA?5BL 2 MB>< 8 4@C38E B@52>6=KE 45;0E, ?5@5E>4OI8E ?>4 20HC >B25BAB25==>ABL; 2> 2AQ<, GB> 2K B0: A<5;> 8 ?@540==> ?>@CG8;8AL 8A?>;=OBL.

 

"5< 8 >:>=G8;>AL <>Q 04<8@0;B59A:>5 <8=8AB5@AB2>. / ?>;=>ABLN >B25BAB25=5= 70 B@84F0BL G5BK@5 <5AOF0 ?@83>B>2;5=89 : 2>9=5 8 45AOBL <5AOF52 2>9=K: 2@5<>59 25@E>2=>9 8A?>;=8B5;L=>9 2;0AB8. '8B0B5;L, 8<52H89 B5@?5=85 4>9B8 4> MB8E AB@>: 7=05B > =0H8E <=>3>B@C4=KE 8 @8A:>20==KE 45;0E, > =0H8E >H81:0E, >1> 2A59 =0H59 @01>B5. 5@5H8B5;L=K5 3>4K, <=>385 =5AG0ABLO, BO6:85 B@C4K 8 3>@L:85 @07>G0@>20=8O 64CB A2>59 >F5=:8, 8 >=0 :>340-=81C4L 2>A?>A;54C5B, => O 8<5N ?@02> 745AL - 2 MB>< <5AB5 =0H59 8AB>@88 - 40BL >BGQB > ?>;>65=88 8 A>AB>O=88 :>@>;52A:>3> D;>B0 2 B>B 45=L, :>340 <>I=>5, A?0A8B5;L=>5 >@C485 <>@A:>3> 3>A?>4AB20 ?5@5H;> 2 @C:8 <>8E ?@55<=8:>2. 8 2 :0:>9 8=>9 2>9=5 @8B0=8O =5 >2;045;0 <>@O<8 AB>;L 65 157@0745;L=>; =8:>340 ?@5645 25@E>25=AB2> =0 A>;Q=>9 2>45 =5 CAB0=02;820;>AL B0: 65 1KAB@> 8 =5 >1E>48;>AL 45H52;5. K C=8GB>68;8 :>@01;8 2@030 ?> 2A5<8@>2>:50=C, ?>18;8 35@<0=A:85 D;>BK 8 MA:04@K 2 !525@=>< <>@5, => =5 B>;L:> MB>: 68;8 8 >AB0=>28;8 =>2>5, 20@20@A:>5 2>5==>5 A@54AB2> AC1<0@8=C. $;>B B:@KB>3> >@O 1>;55 3>40 5420 ?>:07K20;AO 87 3020=59, 0 5A;8 8 2KE>48; B> 157> 2AO:>3> =0<5@5=8O A@060BLAO, 2 157>A=>20B5;L=>9 =045645 25@=CBLAO =570<5G5==K< 8 =5B@>=CBK<. @03, 2 ACI=>AB8, A25@=C; ?>42>4=CN :0 =0 2>7>1=>28;0AL ;8HL G5@57 2>A5<=04F0BL <5AOF52. 5A<>B@O =0 A>2@5<5==K5 =0< A;>6=>AB8, D;>B CAB0=>28; 8 C45@6820; M:>=><8G5A:CN 1;>:04C 5@<0=88 AB@>609HCN, =0A:>;L:> MB> 7028A5;> >B <>@O:>2 - 2 ?@545;0E =0H8E ?@02 =0 4>A<>B@, 5420 ;8 8 548=>5 AC4=> <>3;> ?@>9B8 G5@57 H8@>:> @0A:8=C2H89AO :>@4>=. 18;L=K5 ?>B>:8 3@C70 87 <5AOF0 2 <5AOF B5:;8 : =0H8< 0@<8O< 2> $@0=F88 8 =0 >AB>:5, 8 :064K9 D@>=B>2>9 :><0=48@ 7=0; > 157C?@5G=>AB8 <>@A:8E :><N7=8G5A:85 B>@3>2K5 D;>BK E>48;8 ?> <>@O< 8 >:50=0< BC40 8 AN40, A>25@H5==> A2>1>4=>; >4=>?@>F5=B=0O AB@0E>20O ?@5<8O ?@8=>A8;0 3>AC40@AB2C 87@O4=K9 4>E>4. "0: ?@>HQ; 25AL 1915 3>4 8 B@8 G5B25@B8 1916 3>40. AB>@8O 2A5E <8@>2KE 2>9= =5 7=05B ?>4>1=>3> 3;025=AB20 =0 <>@OE.

B> 65 A0<>5 2@53> D;>B0 =5C:;>==> 8 1KAB@> @>A;0. >2>5==K5 B@C4K 2<5AB5 A CA8;8O<8 =0G0;0 2>9=K 40;8 2AE>4K, 8 68=0;8 ?;>4K >B <5AOF0 : <5AOFC. )54@K5 ?>4:@5?;5=8O - ;8=59=K5 :>@01;8, ;8=59=K5 :@59A5@K, 45AOB:8 ;Q3:8E :@59A5@>2 8 AC1<0@8=, A>B=8 MA<8=F52, BKAOG8 <0;KE :>@01;59 =5?@5@K2=K< 8 <>I=K< ?>B>:>< AE>48;8 A> AB0?5;O, ?>;CG0;8 2>>@C65=85 8 AB0=>28;8AL 2 AB@>9. 0 3>4 :><0=4K 2?>;=5 =0CG8;8AL @01>B0BL A A>25@H5==> =>2>9 B5E=8:>9. >@A:0O =0C:0 >B:;8:0;0AL =0 :064>5 B@51>20=85 4=O A53>4=OH=53>, A<>B@5;0 2 45=L 702B@0H=89, @01>B0;0 2 30@<>=88 A ?@0:B8:>9, 8 D;>B ?>;CG0; =>2K5 >@C48O, B>@?54K, A=0@O4K, 27@K2G0BK5 25I5AB20, 42830B5;8 C3>;L=K5 8 =5DBO=K5 - 8 @07=>>1@07=K5 2A?><>30B5;L=K5 CAB@>9AB20. 4<8@0;B59AB2> >?@>1>20;> 1>;LH8=AB2> 7=0G8B5;L=KE 2>5==KE 87>1@5B5=89 8 8459; >?5@548;8 8 2@03>2, 8 4@C759. "0=:8, 4K74CH=K5 B>@?54>=>AFK, AB0=F88 15A?@>2>4=>3> =01;N45=8O, H8D@K, >B1>9=K5 ?@>B82><8==K5 ?@8A?>A>1;5=8O, <>=8B>@K, B>@?54=0O 70I8B0 :>@01;59, ?0@020=K 2A5 MB8 A@54AB20 0:B82=> 2=54@O;8AL 8;8 @07@010BK20;8AL. K 8 A>25@H5==> >A>7=0==>, :0: MB> 1K;> 745AL ?>:070=> =5 70=8<0;8AL >4=8<8 ;8HL O4>28BK<8 3070<8. !;54CNI0O AC1<0@8==0O :0 A5<=04F0BL <5AOF52, => D;>B CA?5; @07@01>B0BL >A=>2=K5 A@54AB20 ?@>B82>459AB28O: <=>65AB2> A?5F80;L=KE :>@01;59 AB@>8;8AL, AC40-;>2CH:8 =5A;8 A;C61C.

! =0G0;0 2>9=K 4>AB>9=K5 >D8F5@K <8@=>3> 2@5<5=8 CA?5;8 2K@0AB8 2 8AB8==KE <>@A:8E ;845@>2. @8B0=8O ?>;CG8;0 2 8BB8, 8975, "M@28BB5, M:5=E5<5 4>102;N 8 LN8A0 59;8, E>BO AC4L10 53> 8 ><@0G8;0AL =0 2@525;8B5;59 1C@L; >=8 A@060;8AL =0 <>@OE 8 ?@>B82 2@065A:8E 15@53>2 =8:0: =5 EC65 <>@A:8E 35@>52 ?@>H;>3>. 'B>1K >B2030 8 =02K:8 >D8F5@>2 8 <0B@>A>2 =5 ?@>?040;8 2BC=5, >AB0;>AL ;8HL 87>1@5AB8 8 >BB>G8BL 25@=K9 A?>A>1 <>@A:>3> =0ABC?;5=8O: =>20F88 B5E=8:8 8 =0C:8 A:>2K20;8 =0A, =>, 2 @02=>9 <5@5 <>3;8 8 4>;6=K 1K;8 ?><>GL 45;C. K 70@01>B0;8 4>;3CN ?5@54KH:C, =0 <>@OE =0ABC?8;> >1;53G5=85 8 =5:>B>@>5 A?>:>9AB285, ?@8H;> 2@514C<0BL 25@=K9 ?;0=.

> 2K3>4K 8 2>7<>6=>AB8 C=0A;54>20;8 4@C385: $8H5@ ;8H8;AO 2A53> A>1AB25==K< @5H5=85<, D0B0;L=K< 8 < GC2AB2; O - A8;>N >1AB>OB5;LAB2, >?8A0==KE =0 MB8E AB@0=8F0E. K >AB020;8AL 2 60;:>< ?>;>65=88 15A?><>I=KE =01;N40B5;59, ?>:0 AB@0H=K9 C40@ =5 ?@5@20; 2@5<5=8 B8E>9 ?>3>4K, 8 A0<> 3>AC40@AB25==>5 1KB85 2=>2L ?>H0B=C;>AL ?5@54 25;8:>9 C3@>7>9 =0 <>@OE.


;020 33. ?CA:05BAO BL<0.

 

26 <0O :>0;8F8>==>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> A>1@0;>AL 2 ?5@2K9 @07 8 =>2K9 8=AB@C<5=B 2>5==>3> @C:>2>4AB20 =5<54;5==> >1=0@C68; 2A5 A2>8 45D5:BK. 8=8AB@K ?@56=53> A>AB020 CA5;8AL @O4>< A ?>;8B8G5A:8<8 >??>=5=B0<8 - =02O70==K<8, => =5 2K1@0==K<8 ?> 70A;C30<. >2K5 <8=8AB@K ?@8H;8 A 3;C1>:8< ?@54C15645=85< > @01>B5 ?@54H5AB25==8:>2. 'B> 5A;8 1K >=8 ?@8H;8 : 2;0AB8 @0=LH5? >7<>6=>, =5:>B>@K5 87 8E >H81>: 2 GQ<-B> @07=8;8AL 1K A =0H8<8 ?@><0E0<8. .=8>=8ABK =5 4>25@O;8 ?@5<8=8AB@C: 2AQ 2@5@<8@>20=8O :>0;8F88 2>?@>A >1 A:28B5 2> 3;025 ?@028B5;LAB20 70=8<0; 8E :0: =8GB> 4@C3>5. ;>94-6>@46, <>3CI5AB25==K9 ?>;8B8:, D0:B8G5A:89 A>740B5;L =>2>9 <56?0@B89=>9 2;0AB8, 2ABC?8; =0 ?>@>3 CA?5E0, => >:070;AO 2 =5A2>9AB25==>< 5<>< ?>;>65=88. =, 45-D0:B>, CG@548; 018=5B, CABC?8; 07=0G59AB2> 0::5=5 8 AB>O; B5?5@L ?5@54 A?;>GQ==>9 3@C??>9 :>=A5@20B82=KE =>B01;59 >A:>@1;Q==KE ?@>H;K<8 ?>;8B8G5A:8<8 45O=8O<8 ;>94-6>@460 GCBL ;8 =5 4> ;8G=>3> >B2@0I5=8O. >7<>6=>, GB> <8AB5@ >=0@ >C - ;845@ :>=A5@20B>@>2 2 ?0;0B5 >1I8= =045O;AO =0 ?>AB ?5@2>3> <8=8AB@0: : B>@>H85 >A=>20=8O, 8 5A;8 G5AB>;N185 A0<>3> >C 8 =5 1K;> CI5<;5=>, B> 2A5 53> 4@C7LO >AB0;8AL :@09=5 =54>2>;L=K. ?@>H;>< ?@028B5;LAB25 206=K5 2>5==K5 2>?@>AK >1AC640;8 G5B25@> 8;8 ?OBL <8=8AB@>2; B5?5@L 2 48A:CAA8N 2ABC?0;8 =5 <5=55 4N68=K A8;L=KE, A?>A>1=KE, O@:8E ?>;8B8:>2 8 :064K9 87 =8E 8<5; 2;0ABL >BAB0820BL A2>N B>G:C 7@5=8O.

2830BL 45;0 AB0;> E;>?>B=> 8 2 2KAH59 AB5?5=8 70B@C4=8B5;L=>; 25@=>, GB> ;>O;L=>ABL 8 3>@OG89 ?0B@8>B87< >BG0AB8 ?><>30;8 @01>B5, => >1I89 @57C;LB0B @07>G0@>2K20;. >4=0B>@52H85 2 2>5==>9 @01>B5 AB0@K5 <8=8AB@K E>48;8 2 70;>6=8:0E A>1AB25==KE ?@>H;KE 45;; ?>;8B8:8 157 1@5<5=8 >1O70B5;LAB2 =5 1K;8 >1@5<5=5=K 8 >?KB><. 064K9 87 206=59H8E 2>?@>A>2 >B:;8:0;AO ?OBLN 8;8 H5ABLN <=5=8O<8; ;N1>5 >?5@0B82=>5 @5H5=85 ?@8=8<0;>AL ?>A;5 4>;38E, ?@>AB@0==KE, CB><8B5;L=KE 48A:CAA89 - :0: ?@028;>, 8 ?>A;5 4>;38E ?@>2>;>G5: 48;8 : =5C4>2;5B2>@8B5;L=> <8AAC, 0 B5< 2@5<5=5<, A>1KB8O @07@CH8B5;L=>9 2>9=K H;8 A2>8< 15760;>AB=K< G5@54><.

>2K9 018=5B 2K:070; :> <=5 87@O4=>5 C2065=85 8 O, ?CABL 8 ;8HQ==K9 8A?>;=8B5;L=>9 2;0AB8, >AB0;AO A845BL =0 AB0@>< <5AB5, ?> ;52CN @C:C 8BG5=5@0. =5 ?>@CG8;8 ?><>30BL :><8B5BC 87 452OB8 <8=8AB@>2: ?> ACB8, ?@56=55==>25BC ?>4 =>2K< 8<5=5< 0@40=5;;LA:>3> :><8B5B0. / 4>;65= 1K; ?>43>B>28BL >BGQBK > B5:CI5< ?>;>65=88, =0 ACH5 8 =0 <>@5; 4<8@0;B59AB2> ?@54>AB028;> <=5 2A5 2>7<>6=>AB8 4;O A1>@0 8 ?@>25@>: D0:B8G5A:>3> <0B5@80;0. 8BG5=5@, 2 A2>N >G5@54L, ?>65;0; ?5@540BL =>2>4=K5 >BGQBK, A>AB02;5==K5 A B>G:8 7@5=8O 2>5==>3> 254>:C<5=BK ?>43>B>28;8 >G5=L 1KAB@>. "5< 2@5<5=5<, =>2K5 <8=8AB@K 2=8:0;8 2 :>=D845=F80;L=K5 ?@028B5;LAB25==K5 <0B5@88, 7=0:><8;8AL A A5:@5B=>9 8 A;C651=>9 8=D>@<0F859. 1I55 <=5=85 @5H8B5;L=> A:;>=O;>AL : 8=8F80B82=K< 459AB28O< C 0@40=5;;, 2 4CE5 <>8E 273;O4>2 =0 2>5==CN AB>@>=C ?@>1;5<8B5B A>1@0;AO =5A:>@> - B>;L:> 7 8N=O 2 A>AB025: ?@5<8=8AB@, ;>@4 8BG5=5@, ;>@4 0=A40C=, <8AB5@ >=0@ >C, <8AB5@ 0;LDC@, ;>@4 5@7>=, ;>@4 @N 8 O.

5@2>5 70A540=85 ?@>H;> 157 ;>94-6>@460: >= 7=0G8;AO G;5=>< ><8B5B0, => =0 =5A:>;L:> <5AOF52 >1@0B8;AO : 8=>9 7040G5 ?@>872>4AB2C 1>5?@8?0A>2 8 >B40; MB>8 M=5@38G5A:85 A?>A>1=>AB8.

><8B5B 70=O;AO B5;53@0<<>9 A 0;;8?>;8 >B 17 <0O 2 =59 0<8;LB>= ?@>A8; ?>4:@5?;5=89. 8BG5=5@ @5H8B5;L=> 2KA:070;AO 70 25;8G09H85 CA8;8O C 0@40=5;;; >= >1JO28;, GB> ?@54>AB028B 0<8;LB>=C B@8 4828788 >2>9 0@<88 24>102>: : >B?@02;5==>9 5IQ 4> <564CF0@AB28O 52-9 ?5E>B=>9. $5;L4<0@H0; 70O28;, GB> =5 A<>65B >AB0BLAO =0 ?>ABC 8 >B25G0BL 70 E>4 2>9=K, 5A;8 ?@028B5;LAB2> @5H8B A25@=CBL 0@40=5;;LA:CN >?5@0F8N. !>25B ?@8=O; OA=K5 A;>20 8BG5=5@0 =5 ?@>AB> A >1;53G5=85<, => A C4>2>;LAB285<. =KE <=5=89 =5 2KA:07K20;>AL; A>AB028;8 A;54CNI55 70:;NG5=85:

 

1. #A8;8BL /=0 0<8;LB>=0 B@5AB02H8<8AO 482878O<8 5@2>9 =>2>9 0@<88 A @0AGQB>< =0G0BL =0ABC?;5=85 2> 2B>@CN =545;N 8N;O.

2. 0?@028BL : 0@40=5;;0< :>@01;8 A C;CGH5==>9 70I8B>9 >B ?>42>4=KE 0B0:, 0 8<5==>:

«-=48<8>=» 8 «"5759» (;Q3:85 :@59A5@0 B8?0 «-430@» B>;L:> GB> >1>@C4>20==K5 1C;O<8). '5BK@5 <>=8B>@0 A 14-4N9<>2K<8 >@C48O<8. (5ABL <>=8B>@>2 A 9,2-4N9<>2K<8. '5BK@5 <>=8B>@0 A 6-4N9<>2K<8 >@C48O<8: >48= 87 =8E 2K945B A 7045@6:>9.

'5BK@5 AB>@>652KE :>@01;O.

25 AC1<0@8=K :;0AA0 «E», C65 2 ?CB8.

'5BK@5 AC1<0@8=K :;0AA0 «H».

 

B0:, =>2K5 =0G0;L=8:8 4<8@0;B59AB20 8 =>2K9 >5==K9 A>25B @5H8;8 ?>GB8 >48=0:>2> A> <=>9, =5<=>3> 4>10282 : <>@A:8< ?>4:@5?;5=8O< O =0AB0820; ?@8<5@=> =0 B>< 65 ?5@54 $8H5@>< 2 :0=C= 53> >BAB02:8. > 2>5==K5 <5@>?@8OB8O =0<=>3> ?@527>H;8 2AQ ?@5645 A0=:F8>=8@>20==>5 8BG5=5@><. 42C< 482878O<, >68402H8< >B?@02:8 A, A>>B25BAB25==>, 17-3> 8 30-3> <0O (>4=0 CA?5;0 B@>=CBLAO 2 ?CBL), 8BG5=5@ 4>1028; 5IQ 425; B@8 87 G5BK@QE 4828789 4;O 0<8;LB>=0 2E>48;8 2 A>AB02 >2>9 0@<88 8 AG8B0;8AL 2>7<>6=>, =5A?@0254;82> ;CGH5 ?>43>B>2;5==K<8 : 2>9=5, =565;8 B5@@8B>@80;L=K5 G0AB8 B>3> 2@5<5=8.

018=5B @0AA<>B@5; @5H5=85 0@40=5;;LA:>3> :><8B5B0 >B 7 8N=O G5@57 420 4=O, <8=8AB@K O@>AB=> 48A:CB8@>20;8 >1 >1I8E ?@8=F8?0E; A?>@8;8 > B><, ?@>4>;60BL ;8 >?5@0F8N ;81> 2K9B8 87 45;0 8 B5< «C9B8 >B ?>B5@L». 0 45;5, 018=5B, ?> 2B>@>2B>@8; 2AQ >1AC645=85 45;0 =0 ><8B5B5 8 ?@8HQ; : B5< 65 2K2>40<. 8=8AB@K =542CA 8 2 3;02=>< A>3;0A8;>AL A @5H5=85< 0@40=5;;LA:>3> :><8B5B0 8, 2 :>=5G=>< AGQB5, ?>72>;8;8 >B?@028BL 0<8;LB>=C B@8 4828788.

> 8 ?>A;5 ?@8=OB>3> @5H5=8O ?@028B5;LAB2> =5 >B>H;> >B 42>9AB25==>3> ?>2545=8O. 018=5B @0AE>48;AO 2> <=5=8OE ?>AB>O==>, 4> A0<>3> :>=F0 0@40=5;;LA:>9 >?5@0F88, =0 :064>9 5Q AB0488 A 70<5B=K< CI5@1>< 4;O E>40 ?@54?@8OB8O. A;8 1K ?@5<8=8AB@ ?>;CG8; 8;8 >B2>520; ?>;=K5 ?>;=><>G8O, 5A;8 1K A:28BC ?>72>;8;8 @5H0BL 45;0 2 <05 8 8N=5, 157 A20@ 8 ?5@5@K2>2 >= A<>3 1K >@30=87>20BL =5:>B>@K5 459AB28O 8 4065 2 MB8 <5AOFK 4>18BLAO =5A><=5==>9, @5H8B5;L=>9 ?>154K. / 3>2>@N MB> A C25@5==>ABLN G5;>25:0, 7=0:><>3> A ?>2A54=52=>9 @01>B>9 ?@028B5;LAB20. > A A0<>3> 4=O D>@<8@>20=8O :>0;8F88, 2;0ABL @0A?;K;0AL, :>=AC;K @0745;8;8AL, :0640O @57>;NF8O ?> 2>5==K< 2>?@>A0< B@51>20;0 B0:B0, @>640;0AL A ?@><54;5=8O<8, 2 87=C@8B5;L=KE ?5@53>2>@0E 8<5==> B0: 2 <8@=>5 2@5;:>20;8 > AB0BLOE A?>@=>3> 18;;O. / =8:>3> =5 C?@5:0N - 2A5 459AB2>20;8 8A:@5==5 8 87 =08;CGH8E ?>1C645=89 - => ;8HL >?8AK20N >B:@K2H85AO, ?5G0;L=K5 4;O 45;0 >1AB>OB5;LAB20.

0:>=5F, 9 8N=O <>3;8 2K=5AB8 25@48:BK, =5>1E>48 MB8 65 @5H5=8O <>6=> 1K;> ?@8=OBL 8 G5@57 48 G0A>2 ?>A;5 B5;53@0<<8;LB>=0 >B 17 <0O. @><54;5=85 4> 7 - 9 8N=O =5;L7O >?@0240BL =8 548=K< 2>5==K< @57>=><. AQ =5>1E>48<>5 4;O =5<54;5==>3> 459AB28O 1K;> ?>4 @C:>9 C65 17 <0O; 2A5 2>9A:0 @02=> 3>B>2K, 2A5 0@3C<5=BK @02=> 2>?8NI8. K 1572>72@0B=> ?>B5@O;8 425 8;8 B@8 =545;8 =8:0: =5 ?> 28=5 2@030, => ;8HL 87-70 =5?>@O4:0 A ?@028B5;LAB25==K<8 8=AB@C<5=B0<8 @8B0=88.

>A;54AB28O >:070;8AL 7=0G8B5;L=K. ;02=K< D0:B>@>< 1K;> 2@5:070BL, GB> =5>1K:=>25==0O <>18;L=>ABL 0A>1=>ABL : =5>6840==K< C40@0< ?@5E>4OI8, AB@>3> >3@0=8G5=K =5:>B>@K<8 2@5<5==K<8 ?@><56CB:0<8. =570?=>ABL, A:>@>ABL, A8;0 C40@0 7028AOB >B 3>B>2=>AB8 2@030 : >B25BC 2 B>B 8;8 8=>9 <><5=B. 064>5 42865=85 >4=>9 87 AB>@>= <>65B 1KBL ?0@8@>20=> :>=B@-42865=85< 4@C3>9. B0:>3> @>40 >?5@0F8OE, A8;0 8 2@5 206=K, A>87<5@8<>3CB 1KBL 2K@065=K 2 B5@<8=0E 4@C3-4@C30. >B5@O =545;8 ?>GB8 B> 65 A0<>5, GB> ?>B5@O 4828788. D52@0;5, B@8 4828788 <>3;8 70=OBL 0;;8?>;8 GCBL ;8 =5 157 1>O. OBL <>3;8 >::C?8@>20BL ?>;C>AB@>2 ?>A;5 18 <0@B0. !5<8 4828789 >:070;>AL <0;> 2 :>=F5 0?@5;O, => 452OB8 <>3;> 1K 8 E20B8BL. 48==04F0BL >B25B8;8 1K ?>;>65=8N =0G0;0 8N;O. '5BK@=04F0BL =5 A<>3;8 4>18BLAO CA?5E0 7 023CAB0, 8 :064>5 ?@><54;5=85 ?>@>640;> A;54CNI55.

0B0 0B0:8 7028A5;0 >B 42CE ?@8G8=: >B A@>:0 ?>4E>40 =>2>9 0@<88 8, 2 <5=LH59 AB5?5=8, >B D07K ;C=K. > <=5=8N 0@<88, 4;O 2=570?=>9 2KA04:8 =0 =>2>< ?;0F40@<5 ;CGH5 2A53> ?>4E>48;0 157;C==0O =>GL 8 5A;8 ?>4:@5?;5=8O =5 CA?5NB : BQ<=>4C 8N;O, 704C<0==CN >?5@0F8N ?@84QBAO >B;>68BL 4> 157;C==KE =>G59 023CAB0. ><8B5B MB> 284=> 87 @5H5=8O >B 7 8N=O - =07=0G8; 0B0:C =0 2B>@CN =545;N 8N;O 2 C25@5==>AB8, GB> =>2K5 4828788 CA?5NB =0 <5AB> : A@>:C. "> 1K; 8A:;NG8B5;L=> 1;03>?@8OB=K9 <><5=B, 8 <>3;8 8< 2>A?>;L7>20BLAO, 5A;8 1K 4828788 2KH;8 2 <>@5 =5<54;5==> 70 B5;53@0<<>9 0<8;LB>=0 8;8 CG8BK20O >BA@>G:C 87-70 ?>;8B8G5A:8E ?5@5<5= >B?@028;8AL 2 ?CBL 4> D>@<0;L=>9 A0=:F88: 2 4=8, :>340 ?@028B5;LAB2> 5IQ >1AC640;> 2>?@>A. "5?5@L @5H5=85 ?@8=O;8, => 2>9A:0 =5 CA?520;8 8 =5 <>3;8 CA?5BL =0 <5AB> 4> :>=F0 8N;O. 5;8:0O 18B20 =0 CG0AB:5 0 8 2 1CEB5 !C2;0 =0G0;0AL =5 2 C4>1=K5 4=8 =0G0;0 8N;O, 0 ?@>H;0 2> 2B>@CN =545;N 023CAB0. B0:, B5@O;8 <5AOF >B =0G0;0 8N;O 4> =0G0;0 023CAB0; A53>4=O ?>4;8==> 7=05<, GB> 8<5==> 70 MB> 2@5< ?>;C>AB@>20 ?><8<> =5>1E>48A?>;=5=8O ?>B5@L ?>4:@5?;5=89 ?>4>H;8 45AOBL 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE BC@5F:8E 4828789 8;8 8E M:2820;5=B. @8B0=A:85 4828788 2 :>=F5-:>=F>2 >B?;K;8 : 0@40=5;;0< 8 40;8 1K =0< E>@>H55 ?@58, 5A;8 1K CH;8 2>2@5 ?@81KB8O ?>4:@5?;5=89 : <5ABC 2KA04:8, 2@03 C@02=O; A8;K 8 A2Q; 2AQ =0H5 2>7<>6=>5 ?@5>1;040=85 =0 =5B. >;55 B>3>: 2AQ MB> 2@59A:0 0<8;LB>=0 B0O;8 8 A;015;8 87-70 1>;57=59 8 1>52KE ?>B5@L, 0 D;>B >AB020;AO CO728< 4;O ?>42>4=KE 0B0:. 5@<0=FK 27O;8 2 A2>8 @C:8 C?@02;5=85 BC@5F:8<8 0@<8O<8, >@30=87>20;8 8 C:@5?8;8 >1>@>=C ?>;C>AB@>20. N=LA:85 8 8N;LA:85 ?>@065=8O >AA88 2 0;8F88 70<5B=> ?>4=O;8 1>52>9 4CE >A<0=, 70A52H8E =0 0;;8?>;8. @<8O 35=5@0;0 AB><8=0 CH;0 87 0BC<0 =0 3;02=K9 @CAA:89 D@>=B 8 2KA2>1>48;0 7=0G8B5;L=K5 BC@5F:85 A8;K, A>1@0==K5 ?@5645 C 8488 4;O >B@065=8O 2>7<>6=>9 B0< 2KA04:8. #65 2 ?5@2>9 ?>;>28=5 8N=O AB0;> OA=>: ?>4:@5?;5=8O =5 CA?520NB : 8N;LA:><>3;> =0G0BLAO ;8HL ?> ?@81KB8N 2>9A: 8 2 157;C==K5 =>G8, B> 5ABL 2> 2B>@CN =545;N 023CAB0 8 =8:0: =5 @0=LH5.

/ ?>AB>O==> 8 2 25;8:>9 B@52>35 @071> 2A5E ?5@5G8A;5==KE >1AB>OB5;LAB20E. 87=L B@51>20;0 =>2KE, >BG0O==KE CA8;89 8 O 2 <5@C >AB02H8EAO 2>7<>6=>AB59 - E;>?>B0; > 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE, 5IQ 1>;LH8E ?>4:@5?;5=8OE 8, ?@5645 2A53>, >1 8E CA:>@5==>9 >B?@02:5.

09 8 8N=L C2845;8 =0G0;> 25;8:>3> @CAA:>3> >BABC?;5=8O. > :>=F0 <0@B0, 8=45=1C@3 8 N45=4>@D ?@54?>;030;8 8 AB0@0;8AL >:@C68BL 8 2K=C48BL : A40G5 =5A:>;L:> @CAA:8E 0@<89 F5;8:><; >=8 ?@54?@8=O;8 ?5@2CN ?>?KB:C C 0@H02K, 2 =>O1@5 1914 3>40, => A8;K 02AB@>-35@<0=F52 =5 >B25G0;8 AB>;L 0<18F8>7=>9 AB@0B5388 8 25;8:89 :=O7L C<5;> @0AAB@>8; 2@065A:89 ?;0=. 5@<0=FK ?>?@>1>20;8 2B>@>9 @07, 2 O=20@5, =0 A525@5, ?@>B82 @CAA:8E 0@<89 2 >AB>G=>9 @CAA88. 07K3@0;0AL C60A=0O 78<=OO 18B20 C 07C@A:8E >7Q@, =5AL 70E20B8BL >:>;> 100 000 ?;5==KE, => >A=>2=0O <0AA0 @CAA:8E 2KA:>;L7=C;0 87 2@065A:>3> >E20B0, 8 =8:0:>3> AB@0B538G5A:>3> @57C;LB0B0 4>AB8GL =5 C40;>AL. B>B @07 ?;0= 1K; E>@>H, 8 A8; C 35@<0=F52 E20B0;>, => 45;> A>@20;>AL 87-70 =525@=> 2K1@0==>3> 2@5<5=8 C40@0: 2>7>1;040;8 B@C4=>AB8 78<=59 :0 [42] =0G0;C <0@B0 1915 3>40, =0 2AQ< 2>AB>G=>< D@>=B5 2=>2L CAB0=>28;0AL B@0=H59=0O 2>9=0. 204F0BL 2B>@>3> <0@B0 .6=0O 3@C??0 F0@A:8E 0@<89 70E20B8;0 5@5AB8 2KA2>1>48;> :@C?=K5 A8;K @CAA:8E 4;O 2B>@65=8O 2 5=3@8N. B>@0O ?>?KB:0 8=45=1C@30-N45=4>@D0 4>18BLAO AB@0B538G5A:>3> @5H5=8O =0 >AB>:5 ?@>20;8;0AL. > BCB 2<5H0;AO >=@04 D>= %QBF5=4>@D: =0G0;L=8: 02AB@89A:>3> 35=HB010 ?@54;>68; 2KB5A=8BL @CAA:8E 87 B@0=H59 C40@>< =0 C7:>< CG0AB:5. 8=45=1C@3 8 N45=4>@D >B:070;8: >=8 2AQ 5IQ @0AAG8BK20;8 =0 2B>@>9 "0==5=15@3 8, 2>?@5:8 ?@>H;K< @07>G0@>20=8O<, =045O;8AL =0 AB@0B538G5A:89 CA?5E >G5@54=>9 8 1>;55 >1H8@=>9 - ?>?KB:8 >E20B0 A525@=KE 0@<89 >AA88. > 35@<0=A:89 35=HB01 =5 A<>3 >15A?5G8BL <0AHB01=K5 70@D0 =8 ;N4L<8, =8 1>5?@8?0A0<8. 4 0?@5;O =0 A<5=C >;LB:5 ?@8HQ; $0;L:5=E09=. >2K9 3;020 5=5@0;L=>3> HB010 5@<0=88 ?@8=O; 02AB@89A:89 70 ?@54;030; >=@04 D>= %QBF5=4>@D ?@>@20BL D@>=B <564C >@;8F5 8 "0@=C2><.

"0@=C2 30;8F89A:89 3>@>4, =540;5:> >B @0:>20, AB>8B =0 A>548=5=88 @5: O;0 8 C=05F. >@;8F5 @0A?>;>65= =5<=>3> A525@=55 0@?0B, 2 4204F0B8 ?OB8 <8;OE N3>-2>AB>G=55 "0@=C20. 0ABC?;5=85 ?>4@570;> 2KABC? @CAA:>3> D@>=B0 2 0;8F88 A N30 8 ?@8 CA?5E5 3@>78;> >B@570BL @CAA:85 0@<88, @0A?>;>65==K5 : 70?04C >B ;8=88 35@<0=A:>3> C40@0. -B> 1K; C40@ 0??5@:>B><.

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

5AL 8N=L 8 25AL 8N;L, 45=L 70 4=Q<, =0H8 :0@BK ?>:07K20;8 <@0G=>5 @0728B85 A>1KB89. 8BG5=5@ :@09=5 >15A?>:>8;AO. = >?0A0;AO, GB> >AA8O A>25@H5==> @0720;8BAO 8 35@<0=FK ?5@51@>AOB >3@><=K5 A8;K A 2>AB>G=>3> =0 70?04=K9 D@>=B. !0< >= 8 =5>4=>:@0B=> =0AB0820;, GB> 2>9A:0 :0975@0 C65 2 ?CB8 8 2@065A:>5 =0ABC?;5=85 2> $@0=F88 =5<8=C5<>. / =5 @0745;O; 53> 2>;=5=89 ?@8G8=K ?>4@>1=> 745AL 87;>65=K 8 >A?0@820; 8BG5=5@0 ?@8 ;N1>9 2>7<>6=>AB8. / 25@8;, GB> @CAA:85 A?>A>1=K 4> 15A:>=5G=>AB8 C45@6820BL >3@><=K5 02AB@>-35@<0=A:85 0@<88 =0 A2>Q< D@>=B5. / =5 25@8; 2 =0<5@5=85 35@<0=F52 ?@5:@0B8BL =0ABC?;5=85 2 >AA88, 25@=CBLAO 8 2>7>1=>28BL =0ABC?;5=85 =0 70?045. 0:>=5F, O =5?@5<5==> C:07K20;, GB> ?>1540 C 0@40=5;; - =0H 3;02=K9 8 548=AB25==K9 A?>A>1 ?>?@028BL C60A=>5 ?>;>65=85.

4=8 <8=8AB5@A:8E ?5@5<5= 8 ?@028B5;LAB25==KE A?>@>2, C 0@40=5;; 8 =0 0;;8?>;8 ?@>87>H;8 =5A:>;L:> A5@LQ7=KE A>1KB89. 19 <0O, BC@:8, >1>4@Q==K5 =>2>ABO<8 > ?>4E>45 35@<0=A:8E AC1<0@8=, ?@54?@8=O;8 A0A8BL 2 <>@5. '5BK@5 4828788 =5?@8OB5;LA:>9 ?5E>BK >:>;> 30 000 G5;>25: E>48;8 2 0B0:C <=>65AB2> @07, 2 B5<=>B5 8 ?@8 A25B5 4=O, => 1K;8 A>25@H5==> 8 ?>2A5<5AB=> >B@065=K. 8B>35, BC@:8 ?>B5@O;8 =5 <5=55 5 000 G5;>25:, ?5@54 B@0=H5O<8 >AB0;>AL ;560BL 3 000 B@C?>2. @8B0=A:85 ?>B5@8 =5 ?@52KA8;8 600 1>9F>2. 0CB@> BC@5F:89 :><0=48@ 70?@>A8; 8 ?>;CG8; >B 0<8;LB>=0 ?5@5<8@85 4;O 2K2>70 41>@0 @0=5=KE.

#65 ?>A;5 2>9=K, <8=8AB5@AB2> >1>@>=K "C@F88 >B:@K;> =5:>B>@K5 ?>4@>1=>AB8:

 

B0:0 19 <0O >B:@K;0 2AN A8;C >1>@>=K 8 =52>7<>6=>ABL CA?5E0 157 BO6Q;>9 0@B8;;5@88 A >18;L=K< 70?0A>< A=0@O4>2. >;L A:>@> =0H8 ?>78F88 1K;8 @02=> =5>4>;8AB028;8 2 B@0=H5OE 425 A;01K5 4828788 8 >B25;8 425 ?@>G85.

 

! B>3> 2@5<5=8 =8:B> =5 CA><=8;AO 2 ?@>G=>AB8 >1>@>=K .

4 8N=O 1@8B0=FK 8 D@0=FC7K C %5;;5A0 ?@54?@8=O;8 >1ICN 0B0:C =0 2AQ< D@>=B5. 1>9 ?>H;8 29-O, 42-O 4828788, 2-O >@A:0O 1@83040 8 425 D@0=FC7A:85 4828788. !>N7=8G5A:85 A8;K =0AG8BK20;8 34 000 ?5E>BK, BC@5F:85 25 000. @8B0=FK, =5278@0O =0 >AB@59HCN =C64C 2 A=0@O40E 8 0@B8;;5@88 0B0:>20;8 BC@5F:85 B@0=H58 F5=B@0;L=>9 G0AB8 D@>=B0. $@0=FC7K ?@>428=C;8AL A?@020, => >BABC?8;8 ?>A;5 :>=B@0B0:8 8 B5< ?>4AB028;8 ?>4 C40@ D;0=3 >@A:>9 8 42-9 4828788; 0=3;8G0=0<, 2 A2>N >G5@54L ?@8H;>AL >B>9B8 8 >B40BL 1>;LHCN G0ABL 702>Q20==>3> ?@>AB@0=AB20. 8B>35, A>N7=8:8 ?>428=C;8 D@>=B 2?5@Q4 2A53> =0 425 8;8 B@8 A>B=8 O@4>2. >9 AB>8; 4>@>3> >158< AB>@>=0<. "C@:8 ?>B5@O;8 4> 10 000; >4=8 B>;L:> 1@8B0=FK =5 <5=LH5. A;54 70 A@065=85< - :0: 8 ?>A;5 :064>3> 30;;8?>;89A:>3> 1>O - =0 ?>;C>AB@>25 CAB0=>28;>AL E@C?:>5 @02=>25A85. @03 ?@8HQ; 2 A>25@H5==>5 @0AAB@>9AB2>: =5 <5=55 4204F0B8 ?OB8 >A<0=A:8E 10B0;L>=>2 =0 2A53> ;8HL 42CE:8;><5B@>2>< D@>=B5 ?5@5<5H0;8AL 157> 2AO:>9 >@30=870F88. "C@5F:89 :><0=48@ 4828788 >:070;AO 2 70B@C4=8B5;L=>< ?>;>65=88 8 @0?>@B>20; =025@E, GB> =5 2K45@68B 1>;55 =8 >4=>9 1@8B0=A:>9 0B0:8, 0 =0G0;L=8: HB010 O@>AB=> =0AB0820; =0 >B2>45 2A53> D@>=B0 : G8 010. ;8HL A 25;8G09H8<8 B@C4=>ABO<8 8 ?> AG0AB;82>1AB>OB5;LAB2 2 =>GL 7 8N=O : @0AAB@>5==K< 2>9A:0< ?>4>A?5;0 A2560O BC@5F:0O 482878O.

21 8N=O D@0=FC7A:89 :>@?CA 70B5O; >G5@54=>5 7=0G8B5;L=>5 45;>. !>N7=8:8 2 70<5G0B5;L=>< 2>>4CH52;5=88 ?>H;8 2 0B0:C =0 D@>=B5 %5;;5A0, ?@>428=C;8AL 40;5:> 2?5@Q4 8 70E20B8;8 C:@5?;5=85 «"C@5F:89 1>1»; =0 A;54CNI89 45=L 2@03 :>=B@0B0:>20; 8 >B18; G0ABL >B40==>9 =0:0=C=5 B5@@8B>@88.

'5@57 =545;N, 28 8N=O, 1@8B0=FK ?>A;5 ?>4E>40 52 4828788 ?@54?@8=O;8 >1ICN 0B0:C =0 ;52>< :@K;5 %5;;5A-D@>=B0, 70E20B8;8 ?OBL ;8=89 B@0=H59, 8 70:@5?8;8AL, ?@>94O >:>;> 1 000 O@4>2. @>B82>AB>OI85 A8;K =5?@8OB5;O =0AG8BK20;8 38 000 ?5E>BK A 16 ?>;52K<8 8 7 BO6Q;K<8 10B0@5O<8. 0 MB>B @07 >3>=L A :>@01;59 >:070;AO >A>15==> MDD5:B825=. 2=>2L CA?5E 0B0:8 >B>720;AO O@>AB=K<8 A?>@0<8 2 BC@5F:>9 :20@B8@5. 5@<0=A:89 35=5@0; 515@, 2 B> 2@5<0=4CNI89 =0 N6=>< CG0AB:5, =0AB0820; =0 >B2>45 2A53> D@>=B0 : ?;0B> 8;84 0@, => 8<0= D>= !0=45@A >B:070; 8 ?>B@51>20; =5 >B2>48BL 2>9A:0, => :0: <>6=> A:>@55 :>=B@0B0:>20BL. 0 D@>=B ?>40;8 425 A25685 BC@5F:85 4828788; >A<0=K =0=5A;8 =5>6840==K9 8 O@>AB=K9 :>=B@C40@ 2 ?@54@0AA25B=K9 G0A 5 8N;O. "C@:8 1K;8 >B1@>H5=K 8 ?>B5@O;8 6 000 G5;>25:.

«5;> 28-3> G8A;0 B0: ?8H5B 35=5@0; >;25;; 2> 2725H5==>< 8 :20;8D8F8@>20==>< >?8A0=88 :0 [43] =0G0;>AL 2A;54 70 C40@>< C@> =0 ?@>B82>?>;>6=>< D;0=35. >6=> ?@54?>;>68BL, GB> 1@>H5==K9 =0 25AK :>;51;NI53>AO %5;;5AD@>=B0 :@C?=K9 @575@2 ?5@5;><8; 1K ?>;>65=85 8 1@8B0=FK ?>;CG8;8 1K ?A8E>;>38G5A:89 H0=A 70E20B8BL @8B8N, 70=OBL 2KA>BK 70 MB>9 2>645;5==>9 45@52=59 - 2>7<>6=>, GB> 8 G8 010 => ?>4>10NI53> @575@20 ?>4 @C:>9 =5 >:070;>AL». !=0G0;0 D>@<8@>20;>AL :>0;8F8>==>5 ?@028B5;LAB2>, 70B5< =>2K5 <8=8AB@K 3>B>28;8AL : 45;0< =0 2AQ MB> 2@5;=8B5;L=0O 2;0ABL >:070;0AL ?0@0;87>20=0, 0 1;03>?@8OB=K9 A;CG09 C?CI5=.

"@5BLO 0B0:0 ?> 2A5=BC ?@>H;0 12-13 8N;O. !>1@0;8 2AQ, GB> <>6=> 1K;> =09B8 2>9A:0, 1>5?@8?0AK. @>428=CBLAO C40;>AL =0 200 - 400 O@4>2, 157> 2AO:>3> 7=0G8<>3> @57C;LB0B0. =0G0;C 8N;O 4>?>4;8==> 2KOA=8;>AL, GB> : BC@:0< ?>4>H;8 7=0G8B5;L=K5 ?>4:@5?;5=8O. ! =0H59 AB>@>=K, 1@8B0=A:0O 0@<8O @545;0 >B 1>;57=59 8 1>52KE 65@B2. #65 : A5@548=5 <0O, ?>A;5 ?5@2KE 1>Q2 2 ?OB8 ?5E>B=KE 482878OE 0<8;LB>=0 >AB0;>AL 23 000 G5;>25: 8;8 =0 40 ?@>F5=B>2 <5=LH5 HB0B=>9 G8A;5==>AB8. >5==>5 254> B0: 8 =5 A<>3;> 2>A?>;=8BL ?>B5@8. 8N=5 ?>4>H;0 52-O 482878O 8 ?@>G85, 2B>@>AB5?5==K5 ?>4:@5?;5=8O, => =>2K5 2>9A:0 5420 ;8HL ?>:@K;8 ?>=5AQ==K9 C@>=. >:0 =>2K5 4828788 H;8 ?> <>@N, AB0@K5 B0O;8. 0 <09, 8N=L 8 8N;L >1I0O G8A;5==>ABL 1@8B0=A:>3> :>@?CA0 8 =8 @07C =5 ?@52KA8;0 60 000 G5;>25:.

> 1>;55 8AB>I5=8O 10B0;L>=>2 0@<8N C4@CG0;0 =5E20B:0 A=0@O4>2. « 8N=5 8 8N;5, =0 D@>=B5 %5;;5A0 ?8H5B :><0=4CNI89 0@B8;;5@859 35=5@0; !8 =-09:8[44] >1I89 70?0A 18-DC=B>2KE A=0@O4>2 =8:>340 =5 4>AB830; 8 25 000. 5@54 >4=>9 87 0B0: ?8;8 <0:A8-B> >:>;> 19 000 23 000, => =5 <>3;8 ?>72>;8BL 2>9A:0< ?>B@0B8BL 1>;55 12 000: @575@2 2 6 000 10 000 =04;560;> ?@845@6820BL =0 A;CG09 BC@5F:8E :>=B@0B0:. @870=B=KE A=0@O4>2 4;O 18-DC=B>2KE ?CH5: =5 1K;> (70 8A:;NG5=85< 640, ?>B@0G5==KE 4 8N=O), B>;L:> H@0?=5;L, => H@0?=5;L <0;> GB> <>65B ?@>B82 >:>?02H53>AO ?@>B82=8:0, MB> ?@5:@0A=> 8725AB=>». 13 8N;O =0 D@>=B5 %5;;5A0 >AB0;>AL ;8HL 5 000 A=0@O4>2 4;O ?>;52>9 0@B8;;5@88; 2>;59-=52>;59, => 2A5 0:B82=K5 459AB28O ?@8H;>AL ?@5:@0B8BL.

@8B0=FK =8 @07C =5 ?>B@0B8;8 1>;55 150 B>== A=0@O4>2 2 0@B?>43>B>2:0E 8 ?> E>4C ;N1>9 87 18B2 =0 ?>;C>AB@>25. 0AHB01 ?>4>1=>3> @0AE>40 1>5?@8?0A>2 2>7<>6=> ?>=OBL, A@02=82 425 F8D@K - 150 8 1 300 B>==: =5 <5=55 ?>A;54=53> 1K;> 2K?CI5=> 2 A5=BO1@5 B>3> 65 3>40 70 ?5@2K5 420 4=O A@065=8O ?@8 >>A5; 5A;8 703;O=CBL 2 1C4CI55, B> 420 4=O 023CAB>2A:>3> =0ABC?;5=8O 1918 3>40 70G0ABCN >1E>48;8AL 2 25 000 B>== A=0@O4>2. 8=88 >1>@>=K ?>AB>O==> 8 ?@8 :064>< C4>1=>< A;CG05 >1AB@5;820;8AL 87 28=B>2>: 8 ?C;52. 5@54 2>9A:0<8 =0 0;;8?>;8 AB>O;0 BO6Q;0O 7040G0, 8 CAB0=>282H55AO =0 D@>=B5 @02=>25A85 78648;>AL =0 8E AB8.

@8B0=A:89 D;>B 1>;55 =5 0B0:>20;, =5 C3@>60; D>@B0< #7>AB59, =5 ?KB0;AO 2KB@0;8BL <8=K 8 BC@5F:>5 :><0=4>20=85 @5H8;> ?5@540BL 0@B8;;5@8N >1>@>=K @>;82>2 A@54=NN 8 <>18;L=CN 2 @0A?>@O65=85 >BG0O==> 45@CI59AO OB>9 0@<88. 5@51@>A:0 >@C489 =0G0;0AL 27 0?@5;O. 23 <0O 04<8@0; D>= #754>< >= ?@8=O; :><0=4>20=85 =04 D>@B0<8 0@40=5;; 8 =04 2A59 <>@A:>9 >1>@>=>9 @>;82>2 26 0?@5;O @0?>@B>20; 8 @C, GB> ?@>B82 A2>59 2>;8 CA?5; ?5@540BL 0@<88 A;54CNICN 0@B8;;5@8N:

 

(5ABL 8,2-4N9<>2KE <>@B8@, 2>A5<>2KE ?>;52KE 30C18F, 425 4,7-4N9<>2K5 A:>@>AB@5;L=K5 ?>;52K5 30C18FK, 425=04F0BL 4,7-4N9<>2KE >A04=KE >@C489 8 425=04F0BL ?>;52KE ?CH5:. A53> A>@>: 452OBL 548=8F.

 

8N=5 8 8N;5 @0AAB@>5==0O OB0O 0@<8O BC@>: 2AQ 1>;55 G5@?0;0 >B 15@53>2>9 0@B8;;5@88 @>;82>2. 4<8@0; #754>< A5B>20; :0975@C: <>@A:85 >@C48O >B>1@0;8, 15@530 >1=065=K; >AB@> =5>1E>48<0=88, =5 B>;L:> 4;O D>@B>2, => 8 4;O OB>9 0@<88. = ?8H5B 8 @C, GB> 157 35@<0=A:8E 1>5?@8?0A>2 0@<8O >G5=L =5=04>;3> C45@68B 2@030  8 BC@:8 =5 4>;6=K 60;5BL B@C4>2, => 4>AB028BL A=0@O4K G5@57 AB@0=K 0;:0=.

#A8;8O, 2?@>G5<, >:070;8AL 157CA?5H=K, 8 16 023CAB0 #754>< 4>:;04K205B :0975@C: «2A5 4> >4=>9 ?>?KB:8 4>AB028BL 70:070==K5 2 5@<0=88 1>5?@8?0AK G5@57 C20;8;8AL». (;8 <5AOFK, ?>;>65=85 BC@>: >AB020;>AL H0B:8<. > 745AL =04> >B<5B8BL, GB> 5A;8 =5E20B:0 1>5?@8?0A>2 =0 BC@5F:>9 AB>@>=5 8 1K;0 2K720=0 =5?>42;0AB=K<8 2@03C >1AB>OB5;LAB20<8, B> A:C4=>ABL 1@8B0=F52 8<5;0 ?@8G8=>9 >4=C ;8HL =0HC =5@5H8B5;L=>ABL 2 @0A?@545;5=88 =0;8G=>3> 70?0A0 <564C 2>5==K<8 B50B@0<8.

5@K ?> 70I8B5 1@8B0=A:>3> D;>B0 >B AC1<0@8= 2 >A=>2=>9 A2>59 G0AB8 ?@>H;8 ?> ?@82545==>7K<5;8 ?>;=K9 CA?5E. $;>B >AB020;AO 2 C1568I5 C4@>AA:>9 3020=8; 1@>=5=>AFK 2KE>48;8 B>;L:> 4;O >A>1KE >?5@0F89; 2 8N=5, ?>2A54=52=CN ?>445@6:C 0@<88 >3=Q< A <>@O 27O;8 =0 A51O MA<8=FK 8 ;Q3:85 :>@01;8.

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«"5759», «-=48<8>=», «@0DB>=» 8 «-430@»). A;8 1K >=8 CH;8 A@07C 65 70 ?5@2K< >1@0I5=85< : $8H5@C, B> CA?5;8 1K =0 B@8 =545;8 @0=LH5. ?@>G5<, >?>740=85 =5 >15@=C;0AL A5@LQ7=K<8 =5?@8OB=>ABO<8 4;O 0@<88, 8 :>340 =0 <5AB> ?@81K; 25AL <>=8B>@=K9 D;>B, 2>9A:0 =0G0;8 ?>;L7>20BLAO :C40 :0: 1>;LH59 G5< 2> 2A5 ?@56=85 4=8 :0 <>ILN A <>@O.

"5< 2@5<5=5< 1>;LH>5 G8A;> <0;KE, <5;:>A84OI8E AC4>2 ?5@52>78;8 =0 0;;8?>;8 3@C7K 4;O 0@<88. =8 :C@A8@>20;8 15A?@5@K2=>, 8 : A5@548=5 8N;O 2 A5:B>@0E %5;;5A0 8 0 C40;>AL =0:>?8BL ?> 4204F0BL G5BK@5 4=52=KE @0F8>=0 =0 :064>3> 54>:0. KA;0==K5 87 4><0 ?>4:@5?;5=8O 4>AB83;8 ?C=:B0 =07=0G5=8O. 5@<0=FK B>@?548@>20;8 =5A:>;L:> B@0=A?>@B>2, A >4=8< 87 =8E B5@O;8 BKAOGC G5;>25:. @8<5G0B5;L=>, GB> AC1<0@8=K =8 @07C =5 0B0:>20;8 8 =5 C3@>60;8 0B0:>9 <>=8B>@0<, :@59A5@0< A 1C;O<8, <5;:>A84OI8< AC40<. 0:>=5F, D;>B C:@K;AO >B ?>42>4=>9 >?0A=>AB8 70 ?@>BO6Q==K< ?5@8<5B@>< ?@>B82>;>4>G=KE A5B59. "5?5@L :>@01;8 2AO:>3> @>40 <>3;8 ?5@542830BLAO 2=CB@8 70I8IQ==>9 7>=K 157 >3;O4:8 =0 AC1<0@8=K. "0:, 2>7<>6=CN 8 A<5@B5;L=CN >?0A=>ABL ?>;=>ABLN ?0@8@>20;8 ?>4>10NI8<8, ?@54C?@548B5;L=K<8 8 <0AHB01=K<8 <5@0<8.

@8B0=8O >B25;0 0B0:8 AC1<0@8= >B A>1AB25==KE <>@A:8E :><;LH8< MDD5:B><, A0<0 ?@8ABC?8;0 : ?>42>4=K< 459AB28O<. IQ 2 45:01@5 1914 3>40, :><0=48@ ?>42>4=>9 ;>4:8 B-11 >@<0== %>;1@C: ?>;CG8; @5AB 8:B>@88 70 ?@>E>4 2 0@40=5;;K: AC1<0@8=0 ;59B5=0=B-:><<0=45@0 ?@>H;0 ?>4 <8==K<8 703@0645=8O<8 8 CB>?8;0 BC@5F:89 :@59A5@ «5AAC485». 17 0?@5;O, 2 ?@54425@88 2KA04:8 0<8;LB>=0, 4@C30O AC1<0@8=0 ?>?KB0;0AL ?>2B>@8BL >BG0O==>5 ?@54?@8OB85 %>;1@C:0. >?KB:0 ?@>20;8;0AL. !C1<0@8=C 2K1@>A8;> =0 15@53 C 0@40=>A0, :><0=48@ - ;59B5=0=B-:><<0=45@ ".!. @>48 - ?>381, 2AN :><0=4C 27O;8 2 ?;5=. AB>2 ;>4:8, ?>A;5 =5A:>;L:8E 65AB>:8E =5C40G, C40;>AL C=8GB>68BL B>@?54>9 A 1@8B0=A:>3> 4>7>@=>3> :0B5@0. > ?5G0;L=0O AC4L10 @>48 =5 >AB0=>28;0 ?>A;54>20B5;59. 25 0?@5;O, 2> 2@5==>3> :>@?CA0, 02AB@0;89A:0O AC1<0@8=0 AE-2 >B206=> 8 8A:CA=> ?@>=8:;0 G5@57 <8==K5 ?>;O 2 @0<>@=>5 <>@5 8 >E>B8;0AL B0< A 25 ?> 30 0?@5;O: 0B0:>20;0 BC@5F:85 AC40, ?>B>?8;0 1>;LHCN :0=>=5@:C. 30 0?@5;O ;>4:0 ?>;CG8;0 ?>2@5645=85, =5 <>3;0 1>;55 ?>3@C60BLAO 8, ?>A;5 42CEG0A>2>3> 1>O A BC@5F:8< B>@?54=K< :0B5@>< ?>H;0 =0 4=>. > ?CBL 1K; 70=>2> >B:@KB. >4283 02AB@0;89F52 ?>:070;, GB> ?@8 2A5E AB@0H=KE >?0A=>ABOE #7>AB8 <>6=> ?@>9B8. >B5@O 42CE ;>4>: 25AL<0 >15A?>:>8;0 $8H5@0, => =5 >B2@0B8;0 >B 45;0 A0<8E =0AB>9G82KE ?>42>4=8:>2. 204F0BL A54L<>3> 0?@5;O, AC1<0@8=0 E-14 ?>4 :><0=4>20=85< ;59B5=0=B-:><<0=45@0 .>9;0 ?@5>4>;5;0 <8==>5 ?>;5 4;O MB>3> 59 ?@8H;>AL ?>3@C78BLAO =0 95 DCB>2; ?@>H;0 8;84 0@ =0 3;C18=5 22 DCB>2 ?>4 >3=Q< 2A5E 2@065A:8E D>@B>2 8 B>@?548@>20;0 BC@5F:CN :0=>=5@:C C 0;;8?>;8. ! MB>3> 2@5<5=8 8 4> :>=F0 :0 @=>< <>@5 ?>AB>O==> >E>B8;8AL >B >4=>9 4> =5A:>;L:8E 1@8B0=A:8E AC1<0@8= 8 GCBL ;8 =5 >4=8 0=3;89A:85 ;>4:8 A>25@H5==> @07@CH8;8 BC@5F:CN A8AB5<>@A:8E A>>1I5=89.

E-14 >AB020;0AL 2 @0<>@=>< <>@5 A 27 0?@5;O 4> 18 <0O. !C1<0@8=C 157>B@K2=> ?@5A;54>20;8 B>@?54=K5 :0B5@0 8 ?@>G85 ?0B@C;L=K5 :>@01;8; M:8?06 A B@C4>< C@K20; ?5@54KH:8 4;O 70@O4:8 10B0@59 8 5420 CA?520; >1=>2;OBL 70?0AK 2>74CE0 4;O A>1AB25==>3> 4KE0=8O. "5< =5 <5=55, AC1<0@8=0 @5H8B5;L=> @0AAB@>8;0 42865=85 BC@5F:8E B@0=A?>@B>2. 204F0BL 452OB>3> 0?@5;O >=0 0B0:>20;0 420 B@0=A?>@B=KE AC4=0 8 ?>B>?8;0 >4=> 87 =8E. 1 <0O =0 4=> ?>H;0 :0=>=5@A:0O ;>4:0. 5-3> <0O 0B0:>20==K9 B@0=A?>@B 1K; 2K=C645= C:@KBLAO 2 >=AB0=B8=>?>;5. 10-3> <0O E-14 =0?0;0 =0 420 B@0=A?>@B0 A MA:>@B>< 87 42CE MA<8=F52 8 2KAB@5;8;0 ?> >1>8< AC40<. B>@>9 B@0=A?>@B, 1>;LH>5 AC4=> ?>;=>5 A>;40B 27>@20;AO ?>A;5 C40@0 B>@?54>9 8 1KAB@> 70B>=C;. 0 4=> ?>H;8 F5;0O ?5E>B=0O 1@83040 8 =5A:>;L:> 0@B8;;5@89A:8E 10B0@59, 2A53> >:>;> 6 000 BC@5F:8E A>;40B. >A;5 MB>9 :0B0AB@>DK BC@:8 >AB0=>28;8 <>@A:85 ?5@52>7:8 2>9A:. # E-14 70:>=G8;8AL B>@?54K; 17 <0O >9; ?>;CG8; ?> @048> ?@8:07 2>72@0I0BLAO. 18 <0O AC1<0@8=0 2=>2L ?@>H;0 A:2>7L AB@>9 D>@B>2, ?>3@C782H8AL =0 22 DCB0; 70B5< CH;0 =0 3;C18=C 8, ?> <=5=8N :><0=48@0, ?@>=K@=C;0 ?>4 <8==K<8 ?>;O<8. > ;>4:0, 4>;6=> 1KBL, ?@>H;0 =5 ?>4 <8==K< ?>;5<, 0 ?@O<> G5@57 =53>.

0 A;54CNI89 45=L 2 @0<>@=>5 <>@5 2>HQ; :><<0=45@ MH<8B =0 E-11. = 703>4O CAB0=>28; =0 A2>Q< :>@01;5 6-DCB>2CN ?CH:C 8 =5A:>;L:> 4=59 :@59A8@>20;, ?@8:@K20OAL ?@8H20@B>20==K< : AC1<0@8=5 ?0@CA=8:><: B>?8; AC40, ?CAB8; =0 4=> :0=>=5@:C. B>@>3> <0O MH<8B 2 1C:20;L=>< A4>HQ; : >=AB0=B8=>?>;N 8 ?>418; B>@?54>9 1>;LH>5 AC4=> 2 3>@>4A:>9 3020=8 =0?@>B82 0@A5=0;0. !C1<0@8=0 459AB2>20;0 2 ?>3@C65==>< ?>;>65=88; MH<8BC =5A:>;L:> @07 ?@8H;>AL ;>68BLAO =0 4=>; 2 :>=F5-:>=F>2 >= A 1>;LH8< B@C4>< 2K1@0;AO 87 2@065A:>3> ?>@B0 8 A>25@H5==> 70B5@@>@878@>20; @0<>@=>5 <>@5: =5C40G=> 0B0:>20; 1@>=5=>A5F «0@10@>AA0», 18;AO A MA<8=F0<8, B>?8; ?0@>E>4K, B@0=A?>@BK A=0165=8O 8 2AQ MB> 2@5;>A:5 >B A>1AB25==>9 3815;8. !54L<>3> 8N=O, =0 ?CB8 4><>9 ?> <8==K< ?>;O< =0 ;52K9 3>@87>=B0;L=K9 @C;L E-11 =0<>B0;AO <8=@5? 8 MH<8B 4>;3>5 2@54 65AB>:8< >3=Q< D>@B>2 B0I8; 70 A>1>9 <8=C. = >AB020;AO 2 @0<>@=>< <>@5 19 4=59, CB>?8; 1 :0=>=5@:C, 3 B@0=A?>@B0, 1 AC4=> A> A=0@O40<8 8 B@8 B@0=A?>@B0 A=0165=8O.

10 8N=O :><<0=45@ >9; 2B>@8G=> 2>HQ; 2 @0<>@=>5 <>@5 8 70 4204F0BL B@8 4=O ?>B>?8; 1 1>;LH>9 ?0@>E>4 8 13 ?0@CA=8:>2. E-12 (;59B5=0=B-:><<0=45@ @NA) 8 E-7 (;59B5=0=B-:><<0=45@ >E@59=) ?@>H;8 G5@57 ?@>;82 A>>B25BAB25==> 20-3> 8 22-3> 8N=O, C=8GB>68;8 >1I8< AGQB>< 7 ?0@>E>4>2 8 19 ?0@CA=KE AC4>2, =5>4=>:@0B=> >1AB@5;820;8 ?@81@56=K5 4>@>38 8 @5;LA>2K5 ?CB8.

"5< 2@5<5=5< >?0A=>AB8 ?@>E>40 <=>68;8AL. A5@548=5 8N;O BC@:8 70:>=G8;8 ?@>B82>;>4>G=CN A5BL C 030@K. !5BL A 10-DCB>2K<8 OG59:0<8 87 3-4N9<>2>9 ?@>2>;>:8 A CA8;5=85< B@>A0<8 2 5 4N9<>2 ?@5@K20;0AL >4=8< ;8HL <0;5=L:8< ?@>E>4>< 8 A>25@H5==> ?5@5:@K20;0 ?@>E>4 4> 3;C18=K 1>;55 220 DCB>2. @53@04C >E@0=O;8 <=>3>G8A;5==K5, A?5F80;L=> CAB0=>2;5==K5 >@C48O 8 ?OBL <>B>@=KE 0@B8;;5@89A:8E :0B5@>2 A 3;C18==K<8 70@O40<8.

21 8N;O :><<0=45@ >9; =0 -14 2 B@5B89 @07 ?>HQ; G5@57 ?@>;82. :>;> #7>AB59 ?> :>@?CAC ;>4:8 ?@>A:@51;0 <8=0, => =5 27>@20;0AL; C40G0 =5 >AB028;0 >9;0, >= A<>3 ?@>9B8 G5@57 ?@>E>4 2 A5B8 C 030@K. 22 8N;O, 2 @0<>@=>< <>@5 :><<0=45@ 2AB@5B8; E-7 8 >10 :>@01;O ?@>4>;68;8 @07>@5=85 AC4>E>4AB20. @8B0=A:85 ?>42>4=8:8 I048;8 2A5 3>A?8B0;L=K5 AC40, E>BO >=8 ?>4>7@8B5;L=> 2K@>A;8 G8A;>< ?@87=0:, GB> 8E 8A?>;L7CNB :0: 2>9A:>2K5 B@0=A?>@BK. >9; 25@=C;AO 12 023CAB0 8 B0: >?8A0; A2>9 H5AB>9 ?>E>4 G5@57 <8==K5 ?>;O:

 

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

 

5 023CAB0, E-11 (:><<0=45@ MH<8B) ?>HQ; G5@57 0@40=5;;K 2> 2B>@>9 @07. 0 3;C18=5 70 DCB>2 C <8=K BO65;> ABCG0;8 2 1>@B0 AC1<0@8=K. 'B>1K ?@>@20BL A5BL, MH<8B ?>3@C78;AO =0 110 DCB>2 8 @20=C;AO 2?5@Q4. !5BL CE20B8;0 =>A E-11 8 @57:> @20=C;0 ;>4:C =0704; 70B5< B@>AK =0G0;8 A B@5A:>< ;>?0BLAO, 8 AC1<0@8=0 >A2>1>48;0AL. '5@57 G0A MH<8B C65 ?>B>?8; B@0=A?>@B; 25AL 45=L 70 =8< 3>=O;AO ?0B@C;L=K9 :>@01;L; =0CB@> A;54CNI53> 4=O 0M@>?;0= ?>?KB0;AO C=8GB>68BL AC1<0@8=C 1><10<8. B>B 65 45=L E-11 CB>?8;0 :0=>=5@A:CN ;>4:C. 7-3> G8A;0 702O70;AO 1>9 A 2>9A:0<8 =0 ?@81@56=>9 4>@>35. 8 023CAB0 MH<8B B>@?548@>20; 8 CB>?8; «0@10@>AAC»: 1@>=5=>A5F, 2 A>?@>2>645=88 42CE MA<8=F52 A?5H8; : 0;;8?>;8, =0 ?>;C>AB@>25 H;0 18B20 2 1CEB5 !C2;0. >42838 8 ?@8:;NG5=8O E-11 ?@>4>;60;8AL 29 4=59. >4:0 1;03>?>;CG=> 25@=C;0AL 4><>9, 70?8A02 =0 A2>9 AGQB 1 1@>=5=>A5F, 1 :0=>=5@:C, 6 B@0=A?>@B>2, 1 ?0@>E>4 8 23 ?0@CA=8:0.

?0A=K9 4>;3 A CA?5E>< 8A?>;=8;8 E-2, E-7, E-12, H-1 (;59B5=0=B 8@8), E-20 (;59B5=0=B-:><<0=45@ ;8DD>@4 #>@@5=) 8 D@0=FC7A:0O ;>4:0 «"N@:C07». > >1I5;82 2 C7>AB8 030@K 1K; ?@>945= 4204F0BL A5E>4>2 >B45;L=0O, 35@>8G5A:0O 8AB>@8O. ?>?KB:0E ?@>9B8 0@40=5;;K ?>381;8 2>A5<0@8=; G5BK@5 ;>4:8 ?>381;8 A> 2A5< 8;8 ?>GB8 A> 2A5< M:8?065<. ><8<> E-15 8 AE-2 G5B2Q@B>3> A5=BO1@O 2 =030@A:CN A5BL ?>?0;0AL ;>4:0 >E@59=0 E-7. >A;5 16 G0A>2 1><10@48@>2:8 3;C18==K<8 70@O40<8, >E@59= ?>3@C78;AO =0 G@572KG09=CN 3;C18=C 2 40 D0B><>2 8 ?>?KB0;AO ?@>9B8 ?>4 A5BLN. >?KB:0 =5 C40;0AL. :>=F5 :>=F>2, >= ?>4=O;AO =0 ?>25@E=>ABL, =0HQ;, GB> ;>4:0 157=04Q6=> 70?CB0;0AL 2 A5B8, ?@8:070; M:8?06C ?@K30BL 70 1>@B 8 A>1AB25==>@CG=> CB>?8; AC1<0@8=C. 53AB2> A0<>3> >E@59=0 >B BC@>: 8 ?@8:;NG5=8O 2 ?;5=C C4828B5;L=0O 8AB>@8O G5;>25G5A:>9 E@01@>AB8 8 =0AB>9G82>AB8. 7 2A5E D@0=FC7A:8E AC1<0@8= B@8 ?>381;8 8;8 1K;8 70E20G5=K =0 ?@>E>45 8 2 A5B8. «!0?D8@» 2 O=20@5; «6>C;L» 2 <05; «0@8>BB» 26 8N;O. 48=AB25==> «"N@:C07» >4>;5;0 ?@>E>4, => 30 A5=BO1@O, ?>A;5 :>@>B:>9 A;C61K 2 @0<>@=>< <>@5, 1K;0 ?>418B0 8 70E20G5=0. 0?8B0= 70?020; C=8GB>68BL 70?8A=CN :=86:C, 2@038 =0H;8 4>:C<5=B C =53> 2 :0NB5 8 C7=0;8 > =07=0G5==>< =0 6 =>O1@O @0=452C «"N@:C07» A 1@8B0=A:>9 AC1<0@8=>9 E-20. >=AB0=B8=>?>;5 G8=8;0AL 35@<0=A:0O ;>4:0 U-14; >=0 ?@8H;0 =0 <5AB> 2AB@5G8 ?>4 284>< «"N@:C07» 8 E-20, >6840O 4@C30, 1K;0 @0718B0 2 I5?:8 B>@?54>9 2@030.[45]

8B>35, 1@8B0=A:85 ;>4:8 2> @0<>@=>< <>@5 C=8GB>68;8 1 1@>=5=>A5F, 1 MA<8=5F, 5 :0=>=5@>:, 11 B@0=A?>@B>2, 44 ?0@>E>40 8 148 ?0@CA=KE AC4>2. $0:B8G5A:89 >1@K2 BC@5F:8E <>@A:8E :><:070; =0 2@030 A8;L=59H55 2>7459AB285; =0G8=0O A :>=F0 8N=O, ?@>4>2>;LAB25==K5 8 A=0@O4=K5 70?0AK =5?@8OB5;LA:>9 0@<88 >?CAB8;8AL 4> 01A>;NB=>3> <8=83@><=K<8 B@C40<8 8 2 A0A;54=89 <><5=B CA?5; =0;048BL <0@H@CB ?> ACH5 8 B5< ?><>3 2>9A:0<8 2KAB>OBL. "5?5@L 2A5 ?@8?0AK 4>AB02;O;8AL =0 ?>;C>AB@>2 2>;>2L8<8 C?@O6:0<8 ?> AB><8;L=>9, 548=AB25==>9 8 : B><>9 A <>@O 4>@>35.

5@>9A:85 ?>42838 AC1<0@8= C 0@40=5;; >AB028;8 C4828B5;L=K5, =51K20;K5 70?8A8 2 1@8B0=A:>9 <>@A:>9 8AB>@88. 5AAB@0H=K5, 2K=>A;82K5 ;N48 8A:CA=> 2>48;8 ?>42>4=K<8 :>@01;O<8, 35@>9AB2>20;8 8 @8A:>20;8, ?>:070;8 <8@C =08;CGH85 >1@07FK AC1<0@8==>3> 45;0 2@59 2>9=K 8, 2 B> 65 2@5AB0;8AL 2 AB@>38E @0<:0E 2>5==KE 70:>=>2. >4C<09B5 > =8E, >1 MB8E >D8F5@0E 8 <0B@>A0E: 2>B >=8 A3@C48;8AL 2 B5A=>B5, A@548 9 <0H8=5@88, 2B8A=CBK 2 AB0;L=>9, A830@>>1@07=K9 :>@?CA; ;>4:0 84QB =0>IC?L, ?@>18@05BAO G5@57 3;C18=K, 1LQBAO > =5254><5@O==K5 ?@5?OBAB28O; :@C3>< 27@K2=K5 A=0@O4K 8 :064K9 C=8GB>68B :>@01;L ?@8 >4=>< ;8HL ?@8:>A=>25=88; 5A;8 >=8 ?>4=8<0NBAO =0 ?>25@E=>ABL 8 284OB A25B 4=O, B> A@07C 65 >:07K20NBAO <8H5=LN :0=>=8@>2 8 =02>4G8:>2 C B>@?54=KE B@C1; 8E 3;CH0B 3;C18==K<8 A=0@O40<8, 8E B@02OB :0=>=5@:8 8 MA<8=FK, 2KA;56820NB 35@<0=A:85 ?>4;>4:8; :0640O <8=CB0 3@>78B C40@><, C4CHL5<, 157=04Q6=>9, E>;>4=>9 A<5@BLN =0 4=5 <>@A:><; 8 2>B, =5A<>B@O =0 2AQ MB>, >=8 A 3>B>2=>ABLN 2KE>4OB 2 <>@5, =5ACB BO6:CN =>HC =545;O<8 8 A=>20, @07 70 @07>< @5H8B5;L=> 84CB 2 G5;NAB8 A<5@B8 A:>@18B5 > =8E: =8 35@>87<, =8 AB>9:>ABL MB8E ;N459 =5 C25=G0;8AL ?>154>N.

:>=F5 ?5@2>9 =545;8 8N;O, 8BG5=5@ @5H8; 4>1028BL : ?>4:@5?;5=8O< 4;O 0@40=5;; 53-N 8 54-N "5@@8B>@80;L=K5 4828788.

18B25 =5>1E>48<> A>1@0BL 2A5 4>ABC?=K5 2>9A:0 2>5==>5 45;> =5 7=05B 1>;55 25A><>3> ?@8=F8?0. -B> ?@028;> 2K45@60;> 2A5 2@5<5=0, ?>4B25@645=> :064K< C@>:>< 2>5==>9 8AB>@88, ?@0:B8:>9 25;8:8E :><0=48@>2, 4>:B@8=0<8 2 CG51=8:0E. K 2848<, :0: 0?>;5>= ?5@54 :064K< A@065=85< A>18@0; 2AQ, 4> 548=>3> G5;>25:0; =5 ?@5=51@530; =8 >4=8<, 4065 8 A0<0;K< @5AC@A><; AB>9:> A=>A8; @8A: =0 ?@>G8E CG0AB:0E; 65;0; ;8HL >4=>3> <0:A8<0;L=> 2>7<>6=>3> ?@52>AE>4AB20 2 ;N4OE.

> MB>3>, =082KAH53> A>>1@065=8O =5;L7O C2845BL 2 459AB28OE 8BG5=5@0 B>3> 2@5<5=8. = =5 @5H0;AO ?@8A>2>:C?8BL 53-N 8 54-N 4828788 : C65 84CI8< =0 <5AB> ?>4:@5?;5=8O<, ?>:0 4;O 2B>@>9 87 4828789 =5 AB0;> =52>7<>6=> CA?5BL : =0G0;C A@065=8O; B5?5@L 2>9A:0< ?@54AB>O;> 84B8 2 1>9 A@07C 65 ?>A;5 B@QE=545;L=>3> ?CB8. >?@>A >1 8A?>;L7>20=88 538?5BA:>9 0@<88 >AB020;AO >B:@KBK< 4> A0<>3> ?>A;54=53> 4=O. 08@5, ;5:A0=4@88, 24>;L !CMF:>3> :0=0;0 AB>O;8 75 000 G5;>25:, 2:;NG0O 2>9A:0 4;O 0@40=5;;. >:0 60;8 >=AB0=B8=>?>;N, A5@LQ7=>9 ?>?KB:8 BC@5F:>3> 2B>@65=8O 2 38?5B >6840BL =5 ?@8E>48;>AL, 8 35=5@0; 0:A25;; 2?>;=5 <>3 1K 2K45;8BL 30 000 HBK:>2 4;O 1KAB@>9 ?5@51@>A:8 =0 0;;8?>;8 2 @5H0NI89 <><5=B. @8:07 0:A25;;C >@30=87>20BL ?>4>1=K9 :>@?CA, 8725I5=85 0<8;LB>=C > 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE A8;0E 87 38?B0 2AQ MB> A>25@H5==> 2O70;>AL A =0H8<8 ?;0=0<8 8 70<5B=> ?>2KH0;> H0=A =0 CA?5E. > 8BG5=5@ ?>2Q; A51O A0AB8681@07><. !53>4=O >?C1;8:>20=0 B5;53@0D=0O ?5@5?8A:0 D5;L4<0@H0;0 A 0<8;LB>=><: 2 :0:>9-B> <><5=B 8BG5=5@ ?@8G8A;O5B 1>;LH>5 G8A;> 538?5BA:8E 2>9A: : 0@40=5;;LA:8< A8;0<; 2 4@C3>5 2@5<8;LB>=0 70 ?>?KB:C 701@0BL C 0:A25;;0 A>;40B. @57C;LB0B5, 538?5BA:85 2>9A:0 @8B0=88 =8:0: =5 CG8BK20;8AL 2 :0;L:C;OF8OE 8 ?;0=0E 0<8;LB>=0 8 :0: 2> <=>38E A;8H:>< <=>38E >1AB>OB5;LAB20E :0 ?0;8 =0 <5AB> : H0?>G=>@C.

:0=C= 18B2K, 29 8N;O, 8BG5=5@0 A>>1I8; 0<8;LB>=C, GB> B>B 8<55B: «2 >1I59 A;>6=>AB8 205 000 G5;>25: 4;O ?@54AB>OI59 >?5@0F88». >B25B 0<8;LB>= B5;53@0D8@>20;: «#:070==>5 20<8 >1I55 G8A;> =5;L7O @0AA<0B@820BL 157 CGQB0 =5AB@>52KE, C18BKE 8 @0=5=KE; 2K ?@8=8<05B5 2 @0AGQB ?>4:@5?;5=8O 54-N, G0ABL 53-9 4828788 8 B.?., => >=8 =5 CA?5NB :> 2@5<5=8 >?5@0F88; 2K CG8BK205B5 B5@@8B>@80;>2 8 8=489A:85 2>9A:0, => @0725 >=8 ?5@540=K 2 <>Q 157CA;>2=>5 @0A?>@O65=85? > A53>4=OH=53> CB@0 O 8 =5 ?>4>7@520; >1 MB><. '8A;> HBK:>2, 4>ABC?=>5 : ?@54AB>OI5<5@=> 2?>;>28=C <5=LH5 C:070==>9 20<8 F8D@K, B> 5ABL 120 000». >5==>5 254> =5 >A?0@8205B ?>A;54=NN F8D@C ?> ACI5AB2C.

B> 2@5<=5 =5 1K;> 8725AB=> > =54>AB0B:5 2 ?>4:@5?;5=8OE; @02=> O =5 1K; C25@5= 2 42>9AB25==>< ?>;>65=88 538?5BA:>3> 30@=87>=0 ?> >B=>H5=8N : 0<8;LB>=C. > 2 8N;5 2 >=4>= ?@85E0; <>;>4>9 >D8F5@ HB010; >= ?@81K; >B 0@40=5;;, >B:@K; <=5 3;070 =0 =5E20B:C A=0@O4>2 8 ?@54;>68; >B?@028BL 3@C7K 2 0@A5;L =5 ?> <>@N, 0 ?> 65;57=>9 4>@>35 B>340 >=8 CA?520;8 : A@065=8N. / ?@54;>68; 8BG5=5@C ?5@51@>A8BL 2A5 ?>AB02:8 ?>A;54=59 =545;8 =0 MB>B <0@H@CB, => D5;L4<0@H0;, >1KG=> 2=8<0B5;L=K9 8 256;82K9 : <>8< 4><>30B5;LAB20< =0HQ; ?@>AL1C A>25@H5==> =5C<5AB=>9. / >1JO28;, GB> >1@0ICAL 70 @5H5=85< : 018=5BC; H;8 2 2KAB@0820=88 0@3C<5=B>2, O ?5@540; ?@5<8=8AB@C, :0:>9 2>?@>A A>18@0NAL ?>4=OBL. > :>340 2AQ C65 1K;> 3>B>2> : AE20B:5 8 ?@>72CG0;> «!E>48B5AL», 8BG5=5@ 70:@K; B5= =0E>48B 45;> 2>7<>6=K<, 8 C65 >B40; =5>1E>485740 A 1@870=B=K<8 A=0@O40<8 CH;8 : 0@40=5;;0<.

@54AB>OI55 =0< 45;> =5 7040;>AL A A0<>3> =0G0;0.


;020 34. =8 !C2;K.

(The battle of Suvla Bay)

 

>1JQ<8ABKE E@>=8:0E 1@8B0=A:>9 0@<88 =5B M?87>40 B@038G=55 18B2K ?@8 1CEB5 !C2;0. 3@><=K9 C?CI5==K9 ?@87, <0AB5@AB2> @C:0 >1 @C:C A =5:> ABLN, ?>@K2 8 <54;8B5;L=>ABL, 7;0O AC4L10 2AQ 1K;> 2 B5E 1>OE 8 2> 2A59 0=3;89A:>9 8AB>@88 =5;53:> =09B8 ?>4>1=>5 A>G5B0=85 ?@>8AH5AB289. K >3@0=8G81I8< 87;>65=85< A>1KB89 18B20 <=>3064K 8 ?>4@>1=> >?8A0=0.[46]

/= 0<8;LB>= 2>7=0<5@8;AO 70E20B8BL 3>A?>4AB2CNICN =04 2A5< <0AA82>< !0@8 08@ 2KA>BC 971 (>460 '5<5= "5?5), 8, 459AB2CO >BBC40, >B@570BL >:>=5G=>ABL ?>;C>AB@>20 ?> ;8=88 010 "5?5 094>A. #A?5E ?;0=0 ?>72>;8; 1K =0<:

(1) K@20BLAO A CG0AB:0 8 >B@570BL >A=>2=CN G0ABL BC@5F:>9 0@<88 >B =075<=>3> A>>1I5=8O A >=AB0=B8=>?>;5<.

(2) 0E20B8BL 0@B8;;5@89A:85 ?>78F88 A 2>7<>6=>ABLN 45@60BL ?>4 >3=Q< <>@A:85 ?CB8 A>>1I5=8O =5?@8OB5;O A >=AB0=B8=>?>;5< 8 7859.

(3) 0:@5?8BL 70 A>1>9 1CEBC !C2;0 8, ?@8 =5>1E>48<>AB8, 8A?>;L7>20BL 5Q :0: 78<=NN 107C 4;O 8 2A5E A>A54=8E A 02AB@0;89F0<8 2>9A:.

0 <5AOF 8N;L HB01 M:A?548F8>==>3> :>@?CA0 CA?5; @07@01>B0BL 45B0;L=59H89 ?;0= 0B0:8: 2> ?5@2KE, C45@6820BL BC@>: 2 A5:B>@5 %5;;5A0 A:>2K20NI8< C40@>< 42CE 4828789 87 H5AB8, =5 40BL =5?@8OB5;N 2>7<>6=>AB8 ?5@51@>A8BL 2>9A:0 =0 4@C385 CG0AB:8; 2>-2B>@KE, =0=5AB8 3;02=K9 C40@ A ?;0F40@<0 ?> 3>A?>4AB2CNI59 2KA>B5 !0@8 08@0 42C<8 482878O<8, 13-9 48287859 >2>9 0@<88 8 42C<8 - 1@8B0=A:>9 8 8=489A:>9; 2-B@5BL8E, 2KA048BL 2 1CEB5 !C2;0 IX :>@?CA 87 42CE 4828789 (10-9 8 11-9) A 7040G59 CB25@48BLAO =0 2>72KH5==>AB8 =0D0@B0 8 >?5@5BLAO ?@02K< :@K;>< =0 2>9A:0 ?> <5@5 ?@>42865=8O 02AB@0;89F52.

$@>=B %5;;5A0 C45@6820;8 35 000 A>;40B ?>4 :><0=4>20=85< 35=5@0;0 528A0. A5:B>@5 0B0:>20; 35=5@0; Q@42C4 A 37 000 HBK:>2. KA04:0 2 1CEB5 !C2;0 ?@54AB>O;0 35=5@0;C !B>?D>@4C A 4204F0B8?OB8BKAOG=K< :>@?CA><. A53> 120 000 A>;40B; 87 =8E 20 000 25 000 >AB0;8AL 2 @575@25 =0 >AB@>20E 8;8 ?>4E>48;8 : 0;;8?>;8 ?> <>@N.

"C@:8 ?>;030;8, GB> : 0=3;8G0=0< CA?5;> ?>4:@5?;5=85, 2>7<>6=> 4> 100 000 G5;>25: 8 >6840;8 >1I59 0B0:8 2<5AB5 A >4=>2@5<5==>9 2KA04:>9 : =0G0;C 023CAB0. @03 ?>=8<0;, GB> !0@8 08@ :;NG : #7>ABO<; >?0A0;AO 2>7<>6=>9 2KA04:8 C C< "5?5 8;8 C;08@0 8, :> 2A5G5;65= 1K; 70I8I0BL 8 0780BA:89 15@53. A<0=K 7=0;8 > 2>7<>6=>ABOE 4;O =0A 2KA048BLAO 2 !C2;5 8 1CEB5 -465;<5@ => A>G;8 25@>OB=>ABL 4510@:0F89 2 MB8E <5AB0E =54>AB0B>G=> 2KA>:>9 8 =5 AB0;8 1>;55 @0ABO3820BL 2>9A:0 ?> ?>15@56LN. 25G5@C 6 023CAB0 A8;K ?@>B82=8:0 =0 0;;8?>;8 @0A?>;030;8AL A;54CNI8< >1@07><: 40 000 HBK:>2 8 94 >@C48O 2 A5:B>@5 %5;;5A; 30 000 ?5E>BK ?@8 ?>445@6:5 76 ?CH5: ?@>B82 8 <564C 8 %5;;5A; 20 000 A>;40B 8 80 >@C489 C C;08@0; >:>;> 60 >@C489 8 20 000 A>;40B =0 0780BA:>< 15@53C. A53>, 2<5AB5 A >B45;L=K<8, @071@>A0==K<8 24>;L 15@530 >B@O40<8 C BC@>: =0AG8BK20;>AL >:>;> 20 4828789 ?@8<5@=> 120 000 1>9F>2 A 330 >@C48O<8; 87 2A59 MB>9 A8;K >B 90 000 4> 100 000 HBK:>2 8 270 ?CH5: AB>O;8 =0 A0<>< 0;;8?>;89A:>< ?>;C>AB@>25.

B0:, =0:0=C=5 A@065=8O A8;K >158E AB>@>= 1K;8 ?@8<5@=> @02=K. # 1@8B0=F52 =5 >:070;>AL =8 >4=>3> =5>1E>48<>3> 4;O CA?5E0 ?@58;L:> >B:@>5BAO =0?@02;5=85 3;02=>3> C40@0, 8 18B20 @073>@8BAO ?> 2A5=BC, @0AAG8BK20BL =0 ?>@065=85 BC@5F:>9 0@<88 C65 =5 ?@84QBAO. K, 2?@>G5<, <>3;8 =045OBLAO =0 2=570?=K9 ?>:0 BC@:8 =5 225;8 2 1>9 2A5 A2>8 A8;K - 70E20B :;NG52KE ?>78F89. 0 45;5, 2 023CAB5 2 B>G=>AB8, => A 1>;LH8< @07<0E>< ?>2B>@8;0AL A8BC0F8O 25 0?@5;O. 0: 8 B>340, ?@><54;5=85 A25;> =0 =5B 2A5 ?@58<>@A:>9 A8;K, 8 2@03 ?>;CG8; 2@5ABL; 2<5AB> >BGQB;82>9, C25@5==>9 >?5@0F88 =0< A=>20 ?@54AB>O;8 ?@545;Q==K< 8AE>4><, A =04564>9 ;8HL =0 @25=85 A>;40B 8 8A:CAAB2> :><0=48@>2; 2AQ, :0: 8 25 0?@5;O, @5H0;8 <8=CBK 8 AB5G5=85 >1AB>OB5;LAB2.

5;8:>5 A@065=85 =0G0;>AL 2 ?>;45=L 6 023CAB0 A 0B0:8 0=:0H8@A:>9 8 ?5E>B=>9 B5@@8B>@80;L=>9 4828789 =0 1 200-O@4>2>< CG0AB:5 %5;;5A-D@>=B0. !;CG8;>AL B0:, GB> BC@:8 =5704>;3> 4> 0B0:8 ?5@525;8 2 MB>B A5:B>@ 425 A25685 4828788 8 >:070;8AL C %5;;5A0 2 1>;LH>9 A8;5: B@0=H58 =5?@8OB5;O ?@>AB> :8H5;8 A>;40B0<8. 5<54;5==> =0G0;0AL :@>2020O AE20B:0, 65AB>:89 1>9 =5 CB8E0; F5;CN =545;N. &5=B@>< A>1KB89 AB0; 28=>3@04=8:; 1@8B0=FK 70=O;8 53> A A0<>3> =0G0;0 A@065=8O 8 C45@6820;8 ?@>B82 :>=B@0B0: 4> 12 023CAB0 B>340 28=>3@04=8: >B>1@0;8 BC@:8, => C65 =0 A;54CNI89 45=L 0=3;8G0=5 2K18;8 8E 8 >AB028;8 A?>@=K9 CG0AB>: 70 A>1>9; => <=>30O :@>2L 4>1K;0 =0< =5 ;8HL MB>B ?@87: B>;L:> >4=0 87 A5<8 BC@5F:8E 4828789 A<>3;0 C9B8 >B N6=>9 >:>=5G=>AB8 : <5ABC 8AB8==>3> :@878A0 A@065=8O.

5G5@>< 6 023CAB0, =0 D>=5 459AB289 0=3;8G0= C %5;;5A0 02AB@0;89FK 0B0:>20;8 E>;< 48=>:>9 !>A=K =0 ?@02>< :@K;5 . B0:0 <>30B5;L=>9 ?@5;N4859 : >A=>2=>9 >?5@0F88, 8<5;0 F5;LN >1<0=CBL BC@>: 8 >B2;5GL 8E =0 ?@02K9 D;0=3, 2 B> 2@5A;54C5B =0 ;52><. IQ 4> 70:0B0 1-O 02AB@0;89A:0O 1@83040 ?>H;0 =0 HBC@< C:@5?;5=89 E>;<0. "C@:8 ?5@5:@K;8 B@0=H58 B>;ABK<8 1@Q2=0<8 8 ?@52@0B8;8 8E 2 40;5:> >BAB>OI85 >B >A=>2=KE A8; 8 A>25@H5==> =5?@8ABC?=K5 157 ?@028;L=>3> 30C18G=>3> >1AB@5;0 30;5@58. 2AB@0;89FK ?@>@20;8AL ?>4 75<;N A:2>7L ?>4:>?K, 2KB5A=8;8 8 ?;5=8;8 70I8B=8:>2, => A0<8 1K;8 =5<54;5==> 8 O@>AB=> :>=B@0B0:>20=K :@C?=K<8 A8;0<8 >A<0=. @>202K9 1>9 ?@>4>;60;AO 2AN =>GL, 2>7>1=>28;AO 7-3> G8A;0 8 A=>20, A 5IQ 1>;LH59 A8;>9, 9 023CAB0, => 2A5 ?>?KB:8 2@030 >B18BL 48=>:CN !>A=C ?@>20;8;8AL. > A0<>3> :>=F0 :0 ;< >AB020;AO 2 :@5?:8E @C:0E 1-9 02AB@0;89A:>9 1@8304K. B0:8 ?>E>685 =0 45;> C 48=>:>9 !>A=K 8 AB>;L 65 2A?><>30B5;L=>3> AB82 8=KE C:@5?;Q==KE ?C=:B>2, 2 G0AB=>AB8 ?@>B82 @54CB0 A =0720=85< (0E<0B=0O >A:0. 2AB@0;89FK ?@8=5A;8 25;8:85 65@B2K, => =5 ?@>428=C;8AL 2?5@Q4; 2 =5:>B>@KE A;CG0OE, HBC@<>2K5 >B@O4K 1K;8 8AB@51;5=K GCBL ;8 =5 4> 548=>3> G5;>25:0.

;02=0O 0B0:0 =0G0;0AL ?>4 @0A:0BK :0=>=04K >B %5;;5A0 8 48=>:>9 !>A=K. 064CN =>GL ?@54K4CI59 =545;8 <>I=K5 ?>4:@5?;5=8O ?>4E>48;8 2 1CEBC 0, B09=> 8 8A:CA=> AE>48;8 =0 15@53 8 ?@OB0;8AL ?>4 75<;N 2 ?@><>8=K 8 1;8=4068, ?>:0 : 6 023CAB0 C 35=5@0;0 Q@42C40 =5 =0:>?8;>AL 37 000 G5;>25: ?@8 72 >@C48OE. "5?5@L 2 B5<=>B5 157;C==>9 =>G8 16 000 1>9F>2 2KH;8 87 C:@KB89, 2KAB@>8;8AL 2 425 :>;>==K, B8H:>< ?@>:@0;8AL <8;N ?> 15@53C, 70B5< ?>25@=C;8 =0?@02> 8 ?>H;8 225@E ?> B@Q< 3;C1>:8< ?@><>8=0<, G5@57 :0<5==K5 7020;K 8 70@>A;8 6QAB:>3> :CAB0@=8:0 =0 @5H0NI89 HBC@< !0@8 08@. ?5@2>9 D075 C4828B5;L=>3> ?@54?@8OB8O 8< =04;560;> 70E20B8BL 420 C:@5?;Q==KE ;N4L<8 8 ?@8@>4>N ?C=:B0 =0 A:;>=5, A?@020 8 A;520 >B B@QE ?@><>8=. !?5F80;L=K5 >B@O4K 2K?>;=8;8 7040GC ?>;=>ABLN 8 2 A@>:; 3;02=K5 :>;>==K ?>H;8 G5@57 =>GL 225@E, =0 3>@C, A:2>7L BL<5==K5 10@@8:04K, :CAB0@=8:, 2@065A:85 4>7>@K. Q@42C4, 0<8;LB>= 8 8E HB01K =045O;8AL, GB> =0 70@5 3>;>2=K5 G0AB8 02AB@0;89A:8E 8 1@8B0=A:8E :>;>== 4>BO=CBAO 4> 'C=C: 08@0 8 >460 '5<5= "5?5. =Q<, ?@8 15A?@5?OBAB25==>9 4>@>35 ?CBL >B=O; 1K =5 1>;55 42CE G0A>2, : =0G0;C 0B0:8 C 2>9A: 1K;> H5ABL G0A>2 =>G=>3> 2@5<5=8. > @0AA25B 70AB0; :>;>==K ;8HL =0 ?>;4>@>35 ?><5H0;8 B5<=>B0 8 B@C4=0O <5AB=>ABL, ?;0=K @0AAB@>8;> C?@O<>5 A>?@>B82;5=85 <5;:8E BC@5F:8E >B@O4>2. >G=>9 ?>E>4 87<>B0; A>;40B 8, ?>A;5 =5A:>;L:8E BI5B=KE ?>?KB>:, 2>5==>5 =0G0;LAB2> @5H8;> 70:@5?8BLAO =0 4>AB83=CBKE ?>78F8OE, 40BL ;N4O< >B4KE, 70=>2> >@30=87>20BL A8;K 8 2>7>1=>28BL 0B0:C 2 =>GL A 7 =0 8 023CAB0.

@><54;5=85 ?@825;> : @>:>2K< ?>A;54AB28O<. A;8 1K ?CAB8;8 G5@57 D@>=B 87<>64Q==KE A>;40B 2>;=C A2568E ?>4:@5?;5=89, B> 27O;8 1K 25AL 3@515=L <0AA820 !0@8 08@ 5IQ 4> ?>;C4=O. > =0 MB> =5 ?>H;8 BO6Q;0O <5AB=>ABL, B@C4=>AB8 A> A=0165=85< 8 B5?5@L 2@03 2 B>G=>AB8 7=0; A8;C 8 =0?@02;5=85 C40@0.

5@5=5AQ=F5 1914 3>40, $8H5@ A?@>5:B8@>20; <>B>@=K5 10@68 A 70I8B>9 87 AB0;L=KE ;8AB>2 4;O 2KA04:8 2>9A: =0 2@065A:89 15@53; 10@68 ?>AB@>8;8 8 >B?@028;8 : 0@40=5;;0<. >@01;8 1@0;8 =0 1>@B ?> ?OB8 A>B5= ?5E>BK, <>3;8 @072820BL E>4 4> ?OB8 C7;>2, 8E >A=0AB8;8 ?@>B82>?C;L=>9 1@>=Q9 8 =>A>2K<8 AE>4=O<8 4;O 2KA04:8 45A0=B0. !@54875<=><>@FK, 3;O4O =0 2=5H=>ABL <>B>@=KE 10@6, >:@5AB8;8 8E «6C:0<8». "Q<=>9 =>GLN B@8=04F0BL 6C:>2 A G0ABO<8 10-9 8 11-9 4828789, <=>3>G8A;5==K5 MA<8=FK, ;8EB5@K, B@0=A?>@BK 8 A8;L=K9 D;>BA:89 MA:>@B 27O;8 :C@A =0 1CEBC !C2;0. 0 420 G0A0 4> ?>;C=>G8 =0 15@53 A>H;8 B@8 1@8304K 11-9 4828788: 34-O 1@83040 =0 ?;O6 «A» 2=CB@8 A0<>9 1CEBK, 32-O 8 33-O 1@8304K =0 ?;O68 «B» 8 «C» : N3C >B ;L:> 6C:>2 A5;8 =0 <5;L, =5 CA?52 4>9B8 4> 15@530; BC@5F:85 4>7>@K 25;8 @C659=K9 >3>=L, =0 ?;O65 «A» @20;8AL =075<=K5 <8=K, => 2A5 B@8 1@8304K 2KA048;8AL 70 2-3 G0A0 157 1>;LH8E ?>B5@L. < =04;560;> 157>B;030B5;L=> 70=OBL 420 =51>;LH8E E>;<0: KA>BC 10 8 0;0 010 ?> >158< AB>@>=0< 2KA>EH53> !>;O=>3> >75@0, C:@5?8BLAO =0 2KA>B0E A525@=55 8@5H "5?5 !K@B 8 70B5< C40@8BL ?> (>:>;04=>;B KA>BK 10 8 0;0 010. @8 CA?5E5, =0ABC?;5=85 @072820;>AL 40;LH5; 2>9A:0< ?@54AB>O; HBC@< :0<5=8AB>3>, ?>:@KB>3> :CAB0@=8:>< ?@8@>4=>3> ;018@8=B0 8725AB=>3> :0: 7<08; 3;C "5?5. (B01 ?@54?>;030;, GB> 5A;8 =0 <5AB5 =5 >:065BAO 4>AB0B>G=> :@C?=KE 2@065A:8E A8; 2A5 MB8 ?>78F88 ?5@594CB : =0< 5IQ 4> @0AA25B0. > A>1KB8O ?@8=O;8 A>25@H5==> 8=>9 >1>@>B.[47]

420 G0A0 =>G8 ?>;C10B0;L>= BC@>: 1K; 2K18B A 0;0 010. "5< 2@5<5=5<, :><0=48@ 34-9 1@8304K =0 ?;O65 «A» ?@8=O; ?5AG0=K9 E>;< C 15@530 70 KA>BC 10, 70=O; 53> 8 B5< C4>2;5B2>@8;AO 4> @0AA25B0. 0AB>OICN KA>BC 10 27O;8 C65 ?@8 ?>;=>< A25B5 4=O; CF5;52H85 70I8B=8:8 <54;5==> >B>H;8 2 :CAB0@=8: =0 ?;0B>.

"0:, : CB@C 7 023CAB0 11-O 482878O 2K?>;=8;0 7040GC ;8HL =0?>;>28=C; ?> <5@5 B>3> :0: @073>@0;AO 45=L, A:@KB0O 2 E>;<0E BC@5F:0O 0@B8;;5@8O 2AQ 1>;55 15A?>:>8;0 2>9A:0 =0 ?;O60E. K <>65< ?>AG8B0BL 3@0D8: HB010 G5@5AGC@ 0<18F8>7=K< - B5<=>B0 >1<0=K205B, =>GL 70B@C4=O5B <0=Q2@ 4065 8 A0?KB=KE 2>9A:. 0 45;5, 4>AB865=8O =5 >B25G0;8 8 A0<=K< >6840=8O<. @8B0=A:0O @07254:0 >1=0@C68;0 =0 MB>< CG0AB:5 ?>15@56LO ?OBL BC@5F:8E 10B0;L>=>2 - 4 000 HBK:>2 A 0@B8;;5@859; D0:B8G5A:8, ?5@54 11-9 48287859 AB>O;8 ;8HL B@8 10B0;L>=0, 87 =8E 420 60=40@<5@=> 1 800 G5;>25: 8 20 >@C489.

0 70@5 : 15@53C C 0;0 010 ?>4>H;0 10-O 482878O 35=5@0;0 %8;;0. KA04:0 ?@>H;0 ?>4 @54:8< >@C489=K< >1AB@5;><. 8 G0A0< CB@0 B@8=04F0BL 10B0;L>=>2 11-9 4828788, 425 3>@=K5 10B0@58 8 :>@01;8 A>?@>2>645=8O 25;8 1>9, 70 A@060NI59AO ;8=859 1KAB@> A>18@0;0AL 10-O 482878O. :>=FC 4=O =0 15@53 A>H;8 4> 20 000 G5;>25:; 4>AB0B>G=> 1K;> >B:8=CBL >AB0B:8 >B 1 800 BC@>: =0 B@8 <8;8, GB>1K 70=OBL 1>30BCN 2>4>9 <5AB=>ABL A 206=59H8< 4;O MB>3> CG0AB:0 D@>=B0 2>5==K< 7=0G5=85<. > 2<5AB> MB>3> G0ABL 2KA0482H8EAO 2>9A: <=>385 G0AK 8 ?>?CABC ?@>AB>O;0 C 0;0 010; 2B>@0O ?>H;0 =0 (>:>;04=K9 %>;< >:>;L=K<, BO6:8<, ?OB8<8;L=K< ?CBQ< ?>4 ?0;OI8< A>;=F5< 2>:@C3 !>;Q=>3> 75@0. >;>4K5 A>;40BK 87=5<>3;8 >B 6064K 8 CAB0;>AB8 8 B>;L:> ?>74=8< 25G5@>< A<>3;8 2 <>;>45F:>9 0B0:5 >2;045BL (>:>;04=K< %>;<><. >GL >?CAB8;0AL =0 87<>64Q==K5 2>9A:0, =0 ?5@5<5H02H85AO G0AB8; 4>AB02:0 2>4K H;0 :>5-:0:, 70 2A5 ?@>H54H85 ACB:8 C40;>AL 2K?>;=8BL >G5=L =5<=>385 7040G8. >B5@8 4>H;8 4> BKAOG8 1>9F>2 8 GCBL ;8 =8 2A5 C25GLO 8 A<5@B8 ?@8H;8AL =0 B@8 10B0;L>=0. "0: ?@>H;8 ?5@2K5 4204F0BL G5BK@5 G0A0 ?>A;5 2KA04:8 2 !C2;5.

5G5@>< 6 023CAB0 ?>;52K5 B5;5D>=K >4=>2@5<5==> A 4>:0B82H8<8AO 4> 0;;8?>;8 72C:0<8 :0=>=04K A>>1I8;8 D>= !0=45@AC > =0G0;5 A@065=8O. HB01 ?>H;8 A>>1I5=8O > =0G02H8EAO 8 3>B>2OI8EAO 45A0=B0E - BO6Q;K5 0B0:8 0=3;8G0= 8 02AB@0;89F52 C %5;;5A0 8 48=>:>9 !>A=K A >4=>2@5<5==K<8 45<>=AB@0F8O<8 D;>B0 2 70;825 A5@>A A1820;8 BC@>: A B>;:C. >:0 ?>4;8==> >B:@KBL A2>8E =0<5@5=89, >B25B8BL 1K;> =52>7<>6=>. > A25685 8725AB8O ?@8H;8 5IQ 4> ?>;C=>G8: 2>9A:0 1>;LH8<8 <0AA0<8 ?5@5E>4OB A ;52>3> D;0=30 =0 A525@ ?> ?>15@56LN; 70B5< A;54CNI0O =>2>ABL - 2KA04:0 A> <=>38E :>@01;59 2 1CEB5 !C2;0. 2C< @575@2=K< 482878O< C 094>A0 ?@8:070;8 84B8 =0 ?><>IL 70I8B=8:0< !C2;K. =8 2?>;=5 CA?520;8 : 702B@0H=5 2KA04:0 2 1CEB5 >:070;0AL ?>;=>9 =5>6840==>ABLN 4;O 2@030, =8:0:8E A5@LQ7=KE ?@83>B>2;5=89 A45;0=> =5 1K;>. 0: ?>=OBL A8;C 45A0=B0? 82878O, 425 4828788, F5;K9 :>@?CA, 420 :>@?CA0 =8:B> =5 <>3 >B25B8BL. >:0 65 <564C A8;0<8 2B>@65=8O 8 :;NG52K<8 ?>78F8O<8 8@5H "5?5 !K@B, 2>72KH5==>ABO<8 =0D0@BK 8 7<08; 3;C "5?5 AB>O; >48= B>;L:> 35@<0=A:89 <09>@ 8;L<5@ A B@5=0<8: 0;;8?>;89A:85 60=40@= 31-3> ?>;:0 A 4204F0BLN >@C48O<8. ! N30 =5 ?@8E>48;>AL 640BL ?><>I8 B0< H;8 1>8. 8<0= D>= !0=45@A >1@0B8;AO : >?KBC 26 0?@5;O 8 ?@8:070; 7-9 8 12-9 482878O< =5<54;5==> 84B8 >B C;08@0 : !C2;5, 0 2A5< 2>9A:0< =0 0780BA:>< 15@53C B>BG0A ?5@5?@028BLAO =0 0;;8?>;8. A=>20 78O 8 687=5==> 206=K5 BC@:0< 1C;08@A:85 ;8=88 >AB0;8AL 2>2A5 157 2>9A: A;01>5 <5AB> 4;O =>2>9, @0AB>@>?=>9 2KA04:8. «> 2B>@>9 @07 ?8H5B 35@<0=A:89 :><0=4CNI89 25@H5==> >1=068;8 25@E=NN G0ABL 70;820 A5@>A, =0 2AQ< 0780BA:>< ?>15@56L5 >AB0;8AL ;8HL B@8 10B0;L>=0 8 AG8B0==K5 10B0@58 15@53>2>9 >1>@>=K». 7-O BC@5F:0O 482878O ?>;CG8;0 ?@8:07 2KABC?0BL 2 3:40, 12-O 2 8:30 A54L<>3> 023CAB0. 15 4828788 ?>H;8 87 >:@5AB=>AB59 C;08@0 =0 N3, ?> 42C< 4>@>30< G5@57 25AL ?>;C>AB@>2. C;08@ >BAB>8B >B 1CEBK !C2;0 1>;55 G5< =0 B@84F0BL <8;L.

070;>AL, D>= !0=45@A =5 2 A>AB>O=88 ?><>GL <09>@C 8;L<5@C A 53> 60=40@<0<8 4> 25G5@0 8 023CAB0 8 =8:0:8E A5@LQ7=KE :>=B@0B0: 4> CB@0 9-3> =5 ?@542848BAO. #B@> 7 023CAB0 >B:@K;> 8AB8==K9 <0AHB01 1@8B0=A:>3> 45A0=B0. 70;82 2>H;0 25;8:0O 0@<040; =02>4G8:8 <>@A:8E >@C489 8A:0;8 F5;59 =0 E>;<0E; 15@53 ?>:@K;AO A>;40B0<8, 2>9A:0 AE>48;8 =0 75<;N 8 70?>;>=O;8 ?;0B> 2>;=0 70 2>;=>9. 2 MB> 65 2@5 XVI BC@5F:89 :>@?CA B> 5ABL 7-O 8 12-O 4828788 - ;8HL =0G0;8 A2>9 <0@H. > C65 4=Q< D>= !0=45@A =5A:070==> 8 ?@8OB=> C4828;AO: :><0=48@ :>@?CA0, 35=5@0; $578 59 4>=QA 5 >15 4828788 ?@8H;8 =0 <5AB> =07=0G5=8O 2>AB>: =0D0@BK ?>:@K2 42>9=>5 @0AAB>O=85 D>@A8@>20==K< <0@H5<. ">340 35@<0=A:89 :><0=4CNI89 =07=0G8; >1ICN 0B0:C 2 4>;8=5 =0D0@B0 =0 CB@> 8 023CAB0. IQ 4> B5<=>BK !0=45@A A5; =0 :>=O 8 ?>A:0:0; : <5ABC 702B@0H=53> 1>O. 5:>B>@>5 2@5= BI5B=> 1;C640; 2 ?>8A:0E A2>8E G0AB59, ?>:0 =5 =0HQ; HB01=>3> >D8F5@0 7-9 4828788; :0: 2KOA=8;>AL, !0=45@A @07J5760; ?> ;8=88 020=?>AB>2, 2 B> 2@5A=>2=0O <0AA0 7-9 8 12-9 4828789 >AB020;0AL 40;5:> ?>7048. #B@5==OO 0B0:0 >:070;0AL =52>7<>6=0, :><0=4CNI89 @0A?>@O48;AO =0ABC?0BL =0 70:0B5 8 ?@>2Q; 25AL 45=L 8 023CAB0 2 1>;LH8E B@52>30E: =8:B>, :@><5 @54:>9 F5?>G:8 87<>64Q==KE 60=40@<>2 =5 AB>O; <564C =8< 8 >3@><=K<8 A8;0<8 2B>@65=8O. 0 7<08; 3;C "5?5 >1>@>=O;8AL G5BK@5 A>B=8 A>;40B 2AQ, GB> >AB0;>AL >B @CAA:>9 60=40@<5@88, 2-3> 8 3-3> 10B0;L>=>2; =0 8@5H "5?5 !K@B B@8AB0 CF5;52H8E 0;;8?>;89A:8E 60=40@<>2. <564C MB8<8 42CG:0<8 =8 >4=>3> A>;40B0. %>;BK =5 1K;8 =8:0: 70I8I5=K. A;>682H8EAO >1AB>OB5;LAB20E ?@8H;>AL >B25AB8 2A5 BC@5F:85 >@C48O :@><5 >4=>3> 70 3@515=L =0D0@BK, >B, :0: :070;>AL, =5<8=C5<>3> 70E20B0 0@B8;;5@88 =5?@8OB5;5<. ;865 : 25G5@C D>= !0=45@A C7=0; >B 8;L<5@0, GB> XVI :>@?CA 4> A8E ?>@ =5 ?>4>HQ; 2 @09>= @072Q@BK20=8O. 5@<0=A:89 35=5@0; 2K720; :><0=48@0 :>@?CA0 8 2KA;CH0; >1JOA=5=8O: 87;40BK =5 1C4CB 3>B>2K : 0B0:5 4> CB@0 9 023CAB0. 53>4CNI89 !0=45@A, 6C;L=8G5A:8 >1<0=CBK9 2 A2>8E =045640E >BAB@0=8; BC@5F:>3> 35=5@0;0 >B :><0=4>20=8O :>@?CA>< 8 BCB 65 @5H8; 2>?@>A > 687=8 8 A<5@B8 2 ?>;L7C BB><0=A:>9 8 = 225@8; C?@02;5=85 2>9A:0<8 >D8F5@C, > :>B>@>< CA?5; :>5-GB> C7=0BL 8 C7=0BL E>@>H55. « B>B 25G5@ ?8H5B !0=45@A O ?5@540; :><0=4>20=85 2A5<8 2>9A:0<8 A5:B>@0 =0D0@BK :><0=48@C 19-9 4828788 - CAB0D5 5<0;L 5N.

5@=Q: 8 2 3>@K !0@8 08@. 5AL 45=L 7 023CAB0 35=5@0; Q@42C4 ?@>2Q; 70 @5>@30=870F859 2>9A:, 70 ?@83>B>2;5=8O<8 : =>2>9 18B25 =0 70:0B5 A >B4>E=C2H8<8 2>9A:0<8. 8=88 3C@>:, 1@8B0=F52 8 0 ;560;8 ?> A:;>=0< 3>@, 4> F5;8 >AB020;>AL ?@>9B8 425 B@5B8 ?CB8. > F5;L B5?5@L >E@0=O;8 2K@>AH85 2B@>5 A ?@>H;>9 =>G8 2>9A:0 2@030.

2>7>1=>28; =0ABC?;5=85 =0 70:0B5 8 023CAB0. @020O 8 F5=B@0;L=0O :>;>==K ?>H;8 >B 3@O4K «(?>@0 >4>45=4@>=0» =0 25@H8=C 'C=C: 08@. 520O :>;>==0 2KH;0 87 ?@><>8=K - A0<>9 A525@=>9 87 B@QE 8 0B0:>20;0 2KA>BC Q: 3>@C 3;02=>3> E@51B0, >B45;Q==CN ;>618=>9 >B >460 '5<5= "5?5. 5;L5D <5AB=>AB8 >3@0=8G8; D@>=B 0B0:8. 0G02H0OAO AE20B:0 70BO=C;0AL =0 B@8 15A?@5@K2=KE 4=O. A:>@5 ?>A;5 @0AA25B0, =>2>75;0=4FK ?@02>9 :>;>==K 70E20B8;8, >G8AB8;8 8 70:@5?8;8 70 A>1>9 206=CN ?>78F8N =0 N3>-70?04=>< :>=F5 'C=C: 08@0, B> 5ABL >A54;0;8 3;02=K9 E@515B. &5=B@0;L=0O 8 ;520O :>;>==K, ;8HQ==K5 2AO:>9 ?><>I8 A> AB>@>=K !C2;K =5 A<>3;8 40;5:> ?@>428=CBLAO. >GL =0 2@5AB0=>28;0 :@>202CN @57=N. "5< 2@5<5=5<, BC@:8 =5CAB0==> ?>4BO3820;8 : >1>@>=5 A25685 2>9A:0, => ?>:0 =5 0B0:>20;8: A>;40BK AB@040;8 >B =54>AB0B:0 2>4K, <5AB=>ABL =5 ?>72>;O;0 A:>=F5=B@8@>20BL A8;K 4;O C40@0.

9 023CAB0 1>9 701CH520; A =>2>9 O@>ABLN. @02>5 :@K;> C:@5?8;>AL =0 'C=C: 08@, ;52>5 0B0:>20;> 2KA>BC Q, 2>9A:0 F5=B@0 ?KB0;8AL 70=OBL A54;>28=C ?>A@548=5 8 B5< A2O70BL >10 :@K;0. A5 >@C48O D;>B0, :0640O ?CH:0 0@<88 ?@5420@8;8 8 A>?@>2>640;8 0B0:C 8=B5=A82=>9 1><10@48@>2:>9. B0:0 =0 ;52>< :@K;5 70?>740;0, <5AB=>ABL >:070;0AL A;8H:>< B@C4=0, 8 2KA>BC Q 70=OBL =5 C40;>AL.

> F5=B@ 10B0;L>= 6-3> ?>;:0 3C@:A:8E AB@5;:>2 8 420 272>40 6-3> N6=>-;0=:0H8@A:>3> ?>;:0 27>1@0;8AL =025@E 8 70=O;8 206=59HCN ?>78F8N =0 A54;>28=5 <564C 2KA>B>9 Q 8 'C=C: 08@><. ><0=48@ 3C@:A:>3> 10B0;L>=0, 35@>8G5A:89 ?>;:>2=8: !5A8; ;0=A>= >AB028; 70?8AL > 2>A?>A;54>202H59 B@035488.[48] !0< >= HQ; 2> 3;025 A>;40B 8 2AN =>GL A 8 =0 9 023CAB0 >AB020;AO =0 ;8=88 >3=O.

 

"C@:8 70A5;8 2 AB0 O@40E 2KH5 ?> A:;>=C A C:;>=>< 2 35 3@04CA>2. & >GLN ?@8H;> A>>1I5=85 >B 35=5@0;0: ?>?KB0BLAO 27OBL 2KA>BC 971, 0B0:>20BL 2 5:15 CB@0, A 4:45 4> 5:15 D;>B 1><10@48@C5B 25@H8=C. / A>1@0; 2A5E >:>;> A51O. & # <5=O 1K;> B>;L:> B@8 272>40 1@8B0=A:8E A>;40B, ?@8H;>AL 4>2>;LAB2>20BLAO MB8<. & 15 <8=CB 4> 0B0:8 ?@>H;8 A@548 GC4>28I=>3> 3@>E>B0 0@B8;;5@89A:>9 ?>43>B>2:8; :070;>AL, GB> =0H E>;< ?@>AB> @CE=5B ?>4 A=0@O40<8. / @0AAG8B0;, GB> 5A;8 @20=CBLAO ?> A:;>=C A@07C 65 70 >1AB@5;><, <>6=> 4>1@0BLAO 4> 25@H8=K, @07<5AB8; B@8 0=3;89A:8E 272>40 2 B@0=H55 <56C ?@>G8E <>8E ;N459 8 ?@8:070; ?>4=8<0BLAO 2 0B0:C 2A5< 4> >4=>3>, :>340 O 2K94C 87 >:>?>2 A :@0A=K< D;03><. 0 <>8E G0A0E 1K;> 5:15. 8:>340 ?@5645 =5 2845; B0:>9 0@B?>43>B>2:8: A=0@O4K @07=>A8;8 B@0=H58 2@030 A 70<5G0B5;L=>9 B>G=>ABLN, 0 254L :>?0;8AL GCBL =865 ?> A:;>=C. 5:18 >1AB@5; 5IQ ?@>4>;60;AO 8 O ?>4C<0;, GB> G0AK <>8 2@CB. 5:20 =0ABC?8;0 B8H8=0; O 2K640; B@8 <8=CBK 4;O C25@5==>AB8 @8A: 1K; 25;8: 8 H;8, ?;5G>< : ?;5GC, 2 ?>;=>< ?>@O4:5, 2 C4828B5;L=>< 2>>4CH52;5=88. & 0 25@H8=5 640;8 BC@:8; 5 0@H0=0 C18;8 HBK: ?@O<> 2 A5@4F5. 5=O @0=8;8 2 =>3C; 70B5< ?0H=CN <8=CB 10 E20B0;8 8E, 18;8 :C;0:0<8, ?@8:;040<8, @C:>OB:0<8 @52>;L25@>2 ?>B>< BC@:8 ?>25@=C;8, ?>1560;8, 8 O 8A?KB0; 25;8:CN 3>@4>ABL :;NG :> 2A5;C>AB@>2C =0H, =5 >G5=L 4>@>3>9 4;O B0:>3> ?@870 F5=>N. =87C 1K; @>;82, O @073;O45; 3@C7>28:8 8 3C652>9 B@0=A?>@B =0 4>@>30E : G8 010. / >3;O=C;AO 2>:@C3, C2845;, GB> B>@20;8AL >B ?@>G8E, 8 @5H8;, GB> =08;CGH8< 45;>< 1C45B ?>3>=O 70 >BABC?02H8<8 ?5@54 =0H8< D@>=B>< [BC@:0<8]. K @20=C;8AL 2=87, : 094>AC => CA?5;8 ?@>1560BL 2A53> 100 O@4>2 :>340 <>=8B>@K D;>B0 =0:@K;8 =0A 4@C65AB25==K< >3=Q< H5ABLN 12-4N9<>2K<8 A=0@O40<8, : 2=570?=>1I59AB2C.[49] !;CG8;>AL ?@8A:>@1=>5 =5AG0ABL5: =0A ?@8=O;8 70 BC@>:, ?@8H;>AL 25@=CBLAO. !B@0H=>5 7@5;8I5: ?5@2K9 A=0@O4 C40@8; 3C@:0 ?@O<> 2 ;8F>, ?>2AN4C 1K;0 :@>2L, :CA:8 B5;, ;N48 :@8G0;8; 2A5 @8=C;8AL =0704, G5@57 3@515=L E>;<0 : AB0@K< ?>78F8O<.[50]

/ A ?OB=04F0BLN ;N4L<8 7045@60;AO =0 25@H8=5: 87C<8B5;L=0O 2848<>ABL, 2=87C ;560B @>;82K, A> AB>@>=K 0;>9 788 4286CBAO BC@5F:85 ?>4:@5?;5=8O, A=CNB 02B><>18;8. K >2;045;8 8;84 0@>< 8 B5?5@L 3>A?>4AB2C5< =04 BK;>< 8 2A5<8 :><<8 BC@>: C G8 010. & 0B5< O >AB0;AO =0 E>;<5 >48=, =5 <>3 42830BLAO, A>25@H5==> >E@><5; >B 1>;8 2 70A>EH59 @0=5 8 ?>B5@8 :@>28. 0 AB>@>=5 =5?@8OB5;O =5 1K;> 284=> A5@LQ7=KE A8;, =8:B> >A>15==> =5 ?@5?OBAB2>20; ?@>42865=8N >B !C2;K >4=0, 425 BKAOG8 >A<0=, =5 1>;55 B>3> => =0H5 =0ABC?;5=85 O2=> ?@>20;8;>AL, 0 =02AB@5GC A?5H8;8 1>;LH85 BC@5F:85 ?>4:@5?;5=8O. "5;5D>==K5 ;8=88 >:070;8AL >1>@20=K. & / A:0B8;AO 2=87, 2 B@0=H58, =0 ?>78F8N ?@>H;>9 =>G8, ?5@52O70; @0=C 8 ?>?KB0;AO CAB0=>28BL A2O7L A ?>;:>< AB028;8 2A5E ?>7048, 8 >6840;8 ?>4:@5?;5=89 ?5@54 =>2K< 1@>A:>< =0 25@H8=C. #2K! 8:B> =5 ?@8HQ;, =0< 1K;> ;8HL A:070=> ?@>45@60BLAO =>GL A 9 =0 10 023CAB0. 25G5@C =0G0;8AL BC@5F:85 :>=B@0B0:8. 564C ?OBLN 8 A5?>;C4=8 2@03 5 @07 0B0:>20; =0A 1>;LH8<8 A8;0<8, => =8 @07C =5 A<>3 ?>4>9B8 : ;8=88 1;865 15 O@4>2. & 0?8B0= ">E>@>=5=K =0 A0<>9 2KA>:>9 25@H8=5 'C=C: 08@0. & =5 ?@8:070;8 A?CAB8BLAO 8 4>;>68BL. / 1K; >G5=L A;01, B5@O; A>7=0=85. & / 4>;>68; >1AB0=>2:C 8 A:070; 35=5@0;C: 5A;8 : =0< =5 ?>4=84:@5?;5=8O, 5A;8 =5 4>AB02OB 2>4K 8 ?8I8 - ?@84QBAO C9B8, => B>340 <8 2K1@>A8< :;NG >B ?>;C>AB@>20 0;;8?>;8. 5=5@0; >B25B8;, GB> 0B0:0 ?@>20;8;0AL GCBL ;8 =5 25745 8 GB> A;54CNI8< CB@>< ?>;: >B>94QB =0 =87;560I85 E>;

 

0@O 10 023CAB0 >B:@K;0 2AN BI5B=>ABL 35@>8G5A:8E 45O=89 ?>4>1=KE MB>381;8 425=04F0BL BKAOG G5;>25: ?> <5=LH59 <5@5 ?>;>28=0 2>9A:0, 2>2;5GQ==>3> 2 459AB28B5;L=> 65AB>:85 1>8, 0 ?@>:;OBK5 25@H8=K B0: 8 >AB0;8AL =5?@8ABC?=K. > 2K682H85 1>9FK ?@02>3> :@K;0 2AQ 65 70=O;8 206=K5 ?>78F88 'C=C: 08@0 8 ?@>B82 =8E B09=> =0:0?;820;8AL BC@5F:85 @575@2K.

K 2845;8, :0: 35=5@0; 8<0= D>= !0=45@A ?@>2Q; 8 <0O: =0 E>;<0E 70 =0D0@B>9, 2 3=52=>< =5B5@?5=88, 2 >6840=88 ?>4:@5?;5=89 >B C;08@0. > GB> 65 B5< 2@5<5=5< B2>@8;>AL C 1CEBK !C2;0? @8B0=A:8< 2>5==K< E@>=8:0< =5 ?@8AB0;> C:;>=OBLAO >B ?@024K.

(;N? «6>=:28;» A 35=5@0;-;59B5=0=B>< AM@>< $@545@8:>< !B>?D>@4><, :><0=48@>< 9-3> :>@?CA0 8 2A5< 53> HB01>< ?@81K; =0 <5AB> =0 @0AA25B5 7 023CAB0. 5=5@0; >AB0;AO =0 1>@BC, @0AAG8BK20O =0 15A?@>2>4=CN A2O7L 8 >1<5= A83=0;0<8 A 15@53><. =Q< 8 023CAB0 >= ?>A5B8; ?>;C>AB@>2. >7=0:><8< !B>?D>@4>< - <8;K9 8 CB>=GQ==K9 465=B;L<5=, ?OB=04F0BL ;5B =0704, 2> 2@59 2>9=K, A;C68; 2 .6=>9 D@8:5 =0G0;L=8:>< A5:@5B0@80B0 35=5@0;0 5425@A0 C;;5@0; 70B5< :><0=4>20; >=4>=A:8< >:@C3><, CHQ; 87 0@<88 2 1909 3>4C 8 4> =0G0;0 25;8:>9 2>9=K 68; HB0BA:>9 687=LN, A8;L=> AB@040O 74>@>2L5<; ?>B>< :0: <=>385 4@C385 - 25@=C;AO 2 AB@>9: =58<>25@=> C<=>682H85AO ACE>?CB=K5 A8;K >AB@> =C640;8AL 2 >D8F5@0E. >=0G0;C !B>?D>@4 >AB0;AO 2 @8B0=88 - 8BG5=5@ 4>25@8; 51CG5=85 0@<59A:>3> :>@?CA0 B5?5@L, ?5@2K9 @07 2 687=8 ?>;CG8; 2KA>:>5 =07=0G5=85 A ?5@A>=0;L=>9 >B25BAB25==>ABLN 8 :><0=4>20; 2>9A:0<8 2 =0AB>OI5< 45;5, 2 284C =5?@8OB5;O. ! CGQB>< ?5@5G8A;5==KE >1AB>OB5;LAB2 <>6=> A:070BL, GB> 35=5@0; AB0@0;AO, :0: B>;L:> <>3. 0 ?5@2K<8 8 5AB5AB25==K<8 B@52>30<8 =>G=>9 2KA04:8 =0 2@065A:89 15@53 =5<54;5==> ?@8H;8 =>2K5 2>;=5=8O. (B01 <>3 >1<0=CBLAO 2 8AB8==>9 G8A;5==>AB8 =5?@8OB5;O; @07254:0 A 2>74CE0 <>3;0 =5 70<5B8BL :0:8E-B> BC@5F:8E B@0=H59. >;55 B>3>: A?>@048G5A:89 >1AB@5; ?;O659, CB8EH89 : 25G5@C 7 023CAB0, <>3 2>7>1=>28BLAO 2 ;N1CN <8=CBC. A;>682H59AO >1AB0=>2:5 !B>?D>@4 ?@54?@8=O; A;54CNI85, =5>1E>48 273;O4 <5@K: @5>@30=870F8O G0AB59 =0 15@53C; A=0165=85 45A0=B0 ?@8?0A0<8, 2 >A>15==>AB8 2>4>9; @KBLQ B@0=H59 =0 70E20G5==KE ?;0F40@<0E; 2K3@C7:0 2>7<>6=> 1>;LH53> G8A;0 >@C489 4;O ?>445@6:8 1C4CI53> =0ABC?;5=8O. 0 MB8<8 45;0<8 ?@>H;> 8 023CAB0; 2B>@K5 ACB:8 ?>A;5 2KA04:8 B5:;8 2 <8@=KE E;>?>B0E, =0G0;L=8: :>@?CA=>3> HB010 35=5@0; 84 2 ?>;=>9 30@<>=88 A H5D>< 3>B>28; =0 CB@> 9 023CAB0 ?@8:07K 8 ?;0=K =0ABC?;5=8O. «! B>G:8 7@5=8O A@060NI59AO 0@<88 ?8H5B 35=5@0; >;25;;, 2 B> 2@53> C?@02;5=8O >5==>3> <8=8AB5@AB20 =0 2B>@>9 45=L ?>A;5 2KA04:8 IX :>@?CA ?@>AB> >B4KE0;».

[51] 045@68< A>;=5G=><, 023CAB>2A:>< 4=5, ?>A<>B@8<, GB> ?@>8AE>48B ?> >15 AB>@>=K D@>=B0. 0 >4=>9 AB>@>=5 @0A?>;>68;AO 157@07C<=K9, ?>68;>9 0=3;89A:89 465=B;L<5= 8 20 000 53> A>;40B: ;N48 @071@5;8AL ?> 15@53C, ?5@54>20O ;8=8O CA5;0AL =0 1@CAB25@K <5;:8E B@0=H59, 70:CAK20O 8 ?>:C@820O; 8=>340 E;>?05B >48=>G=K9 28=B>2>G=K9 2KAB@5;; A>B=8 =86=8E G8=>2 :C?0NBAO 2 ;0A:>2>< <>@5; ?> A25B;>9 A8=525 1CEBK, BC40 8 AN40 E>4OB <>3CG85 2>5==K5 :>@01;8, 5420 ;8 B@52>684=8< A=0@O4>< 15@53>2KE ?CH5:; =0 2@065A:>9 AB>@>=5 =5B5@?5;82> 2KE068205B >?KB=K9 35@<0=5F: >= 2 =5B5@?5=88, >= 64QB 4828789, >= 565G0A=> >68405B :@0E0, 8725AB89 > ?>;=>< @073@><5 684:>9 F5?>G:8 ?@8:@KB8O, 2 B> 2@52K9 D0=0B87< 5<0;O ?>4=8<05B A>;40B 8 3>=8B 8E 2?5@Q4, 2 1>9.

0<8;LB>= ?@8:070; HB01=>;:>2=8:C -A?8=0;N, >D8F5@C ?5@0B82=>3> >B45;0 4>;>68BL >1AB0=>2:C C !C2;K. >;:>2=8: ?@81K; =0 <5AB> CB@>< 8 023CAB0, ?@8AB0;L=> >3;O45;AO 8 >AB028; =0< :@0A>G=>5 >?8A0=85 <8@=KE 0@<59A:8E 1C45=.[52] >=0G0;C >= =5 ?>25@8; A2>8< 3;070<, => ?>A;5 ?@>3C;:8 ?> 15@53C ?>A?5H8; =0 «6>=:28;», 2 HB01-:20@B8@C :>@?CA=>3> :><0=48@0.

 

5=5@0; !B>?D>@4 2AB@5B8; <5=O A> A;>20<8: «'B>-6, -A?8=0;L, 1;5ABOI0O @01>B0 A>;40B, >=8 ?@>AB> 25;8:>;5?=K». «> 254L E>;<5B8; O. 5B >B25B8; !B>?D>@4 => ;N48 =0 15@53C!» / A:070;, GB> :><0=4CNI89, =5A><=5==>, >:065BAO @07>G0@>20=: 2>9A:0, 2>?@5:8 53> ?@8:070<, 4> A8E ?>@ =5 70E20B8;8 3>A?>4AB2CNI85 =04 1CEB>9 2KA>BK 8 ?>AB0@0;AO C1548BL 35=5@0;0 2 206=>AB8 157>B;030B5;L=>3> 42865=8O 2?5@Q4, ?>:0 2@03 =5 >?5@548; =0A 8 A0< =5 70=O; E>;?D>@4 >B25B8;, GB> ?>;=>ABLN ?>=8<05B F5==>ABL 2@5<5=8, => ?>:0 2>9A:0 =5 >B4>E=CB =0ABC?0BL =52>7<>6=>, 8 =0AB0820; =0 702B@0H=59 0B0:5 A> A2568<8 A8;0<8.

/ ?5@5HQ; =0 1>@B 04<8@0;LA:>3> D;03<0=0 8 =0?@028; :><0=4CNI5<

«">;L:> GB> 1K; =0 15@53C, B0< A>25@H5==59H89 ?>:>9. 8 @C659=>3>, =8 0@B8;;5@89A:>3> >3=O, =5 284=> =8:0:8E BC@5F:8E A8;. IX :>@?CA >B4KE05B. #25@5=, GB> < 4@03>F5==K9 H0=A 8 AG8B0N ?>;>65=85 BO6:8<ý».

/ >B?@028; B5;53@0<;3>5 2@5 <>9 04@5A0B 402=> 2 ?CB8 8 84QB : !C2;5. '5@57 =5A:>;L:> <8=CB 2 1CEBC 70H;0 04<8@0;LA:0O OEB0 A :><0=4CNI8<.

 

>4>A?52H89 =0 70:0B5 0<8;LB>= 87@O4=> ?>4?>@B8; 848;;8N 1CEBK !C2;0. (B01 C15640; :><0=4CNI53>, GB> <5AB> 53> =0 <1@>A5: 8<5==> 87 HB01-:20@B8@K =04;568B @C:>2>48BL 25;8:>9 B@>9=>9 10B0;859. 0<8;LB>= ?@>2Q; 2 HB015 25AL 45=L A54L<>3> 023CAB0 70 GB5=85< B5;53@0<< A D@>=B0, => : 11:30 CB@0 2>AL<>3> 023CAB0 A>25@H5==> 87=5<>3 157 =>2>AB59 >B !C2;K, =5 <>3 1>;55 <8@8BLAO A 87>;OF859 8 @5H8; =5<54;5==> 5E0BL =0 <5AB>. 0 2@5?5@0F88 D;>B ?@54>AB028; 2 @0A?>@O65=85 0<8;LB>=0 MA<8=5F «@=>»; B5?5@L =0 <8=>=>A5F ?>40;8 A83=0; : =5<54;5==>4C.

> BCB 65 2KOA=8;>AL, GB> >3=8 =0 MA<8=F5 70BCH5=K, 8 4> 2KE>40 :>@01;O 2 <>@5 =C6=> ?>4>640BL H5ABL 8;8 A52 ?@8:07 :>=B@-04<8@0;0, =5 :> 2@5<5=8 >701>B82H53>AO A>AB>O=85< :>B;>2. ><0=4CNI89 >4=>2@5<5==> =53>4>20; 8 AB@040;, >= ?> A>1AB25==K< A;>20< 0<8;LB>=0 =0HQ; A51O 2KA065==K< =0 =5>18B05AB@>2 A =0<5@5=85< C<>@8BL. >=B@-04<8@0; >B>720;AO =0 <>;L1K 2>5=0G0;L=8:0 8 ?@54>AB028; 5<8;LB>= 2KH5; : !C2;5 2 16:15, ?@8HQ; =0 <5AB> >:>;> 6 25G5@0 8 =0HQ; 2 1CEB5 :@59A5@ «'0B0<ý» A 45 >15:>< 8 :><<>4>@>< 897>< =0 1>@BC. >@O:8 =01;N40;8 70 0@<59A:8< ?0@0;8G>< A <>@O 8 =5 70<54;8;8 2KA:070BL 0<8;LB>=C 2A5 A2>8 >?0A5=8O. 4>25@H5=85 2A53> ?>4>A?5; -A?8=0;L; ?>A;5 53> 4>:;040 :><0=4CNI89 =5<54;5==> >B?@028;AO =0 «6>=:28;» 8 70AB0; !B>?D>@40 70 >B4KE>< ?>A;5 ?@>3C;:8 ?> 15@53C. 5=5@0; ?>4CAB0;, => 2 ?@>G5< 1K; AG0AB;82. !B>?D>@4 70O28;: «45;0 E>@>H8, >B;8G=> 84CB» 8 ?CAB8;AO 2 >1JOA=5=8O ;N48 >G5=L CAB0;8, >= =5 A<>3 4>AB028BL =0 15@53 24>AB0;L 2>4K, <=>3> ?CH5: 8 ?@8=O; @5H5=85 >B;>68BL 70E20B E>;<>2 459AB285 «<>3CI55 ?@825AB8 : @53C;O@=>N» - 4> CB@0; 1@83048@0< 1K;> ?@8:070=> =0ABC?0BL 4> 2AB@5G8 A A5@LQ7=K< A>?@>B82;5=85<, => ?>:0 >=8 B0: 8 =5 A<>3;8 70=OBL =8 >4=>9 3>A?>4AB2CNI59 2KA>BK.

><0=4CNI89 =5 ?@8=O; >1JOA=5=89. = 7=0;, GB> >B C;08@0 84CB BC@5F:85 ?>4:@5?;5=8O. = 1K; C25@5=, GB> =0 2KA>B0E =0D0@B0 =5B =8:0:8E 7=0G820; 8 ?@54GC2AB2>20; 25@=> GB> 15A:@>2=>5 : 25G5@C 8 023CAB0 45;> >15@=QBAO @57=Q9 =0 70@5 A;54CNI53> 4=O. = B@51>20; =5<54;5==> 84B8 2?5@Q4, =0 7<08; 3;C "5?5 8 E>;?D>@4 AAK;0;AO =0 <=>385 ?@5?OBAB28O; 0<8;LB>= @5H8; A?CAB8BLAO =0 15@53, 2 HB01 4828788 8 2KOA=8BL 2AQ =0 <5AB5. !B>?D>@4 =5 ?>HQ; A :><0=4CNI8<.

><0=48@ 4828788 35=5@0; %0<<5@A;8 =5 A<>3 >BGQB;82> >1JOA=8BL ?>;>65=8O 8, 0<8;LB>=, ?>A;5 <=>3>A;>2=>9 15A54K, @5H8; 2<5H0BLAO 2 45;> ?>25@E 2A5E 3>;>2. ><8<> ?@>G53>, %0<<5@A;8 A>>1I8; :><0=4CNI5 32-O 1@83040 AB>8B 2 >:@5AB=>AB8 !C;068:0 8 <>65B 42830BLAO 2?5@Q4; 0<8;LB>= «2 A065;0;, GB>1K 1@83040 ?5@5H;0 2 =0ABC?;5=85 8 >:>?0;0AL =0 3@51=5». 5=5@0; %0<<5@A;8 ?>;=>ABLN A>3;0A8;AO A 0<8;LB>=>< 8 70O2;O; 2?>A;54AB288, GB> 459AB2>20; ?> A>1AB25==>9 8=8F80B825, =5 ?> ?@8:07C, => 2 >B25B =0 ;8G=>5 ?>65;0=85 H5D0. B0:, 0<8;LB>= 25@=C;AO =0 «"@804», 0 %0<<5@A;8 ?@8:070; 32-9 1@83045 A>A@54>B>G8BLAO 8 ?>?KB0BLAO 70=OBL ?;0F40@< =0 2KA>B0E : A525@C >B CGC: =0D0@B0 8 ?>2B>@8; ?@8:07 >B45;L=> 4;O 6-3> 2>AB>G=>-9>@:H8@A:>3> 10B0;L>=0: A=8<0BLAO A ?>78F88 8 A>A@54>B>G8BLAO 4;O 0B0:8. >:0 >= >B4020; @0A?>@O65=8O, AB0;> B5<=>.

> %0<<5@A;8 =5 7=0; 8AB8==>9 48A?>78F88 32-9 1@8304K. 20 10B0;L>=0 2>?@5:8 =0AB@>5=8O< =0G0;LAB20 ?@>O28;8 ?>E20;L=CN 8=8F80B82C, 8 CH;8 40;5:> 2?5@Q4, =5 2AB@5B82 =8:0:>3> A>?@>B82;5=8O. 5@2K9 10B0;L>= 70=O; >B;8G=CN ?>78F8N C 1@8:60@0, 2B>@>9 A>;84=> >:>?0;AO =0 E>;<5 !:8<8B0@. G5=L AB@0==>, GB> 2 A>25@H5==> A?>:>9=>9 >1AB0=>2:5 B>3> 4=O 482878>==>5 :><0=4>20=85 =8G53> =5 7=0;> > 42865=88 42CE 10B0;L>=>2 2 42CE <8;OE >B A>1AB25==>3> HB010. "5?5@L >10 10B0;L>=0 4>;6=K 1K;8 C9B8 A 70=OBKE ?>78F89 8 A>A@54>B>G8BLAO 4;O 0B0:8 CGC: =0D0@B0. @8:07K %0<<5@A;8 =5 2O70;8AL A >1I8< ?;0=>< CB@5==53> =0ABC?;5=8O, 2>9A:0 CH;8 A E>;<0 !:8<8B0@, 8 F5==CN 2KA>BC =5 C40;>AL 25@=CBL 4> A0<>3> :>=F0 :0 ?@5:8 =5<0;K< CA8;8O<. :>=5G=>< AGQB5, 8 ?>A;5 2A5E E;>?>B 32-O 1@83040 B0: 8 =5 428=C;0AL 2?5@Q4 4> CB@0.

@8B0=A:>5 =0ABC?;5=85 >B !C2;K =0G0;>AL =0 @0AA25B5 9 023CAB0. 5;> >B:@K;8 11-O 482878O, 31-O 1@83040 10-9 4828788, 8 =5A:>;L:> B>;L:> GB> 2KA0482H8EAO 10B0;L>=>2 53-9 B5@@8B>@80;L=>9 4828788: ?>A;54=85 0B0:>20;8 >B@>38 CGC: =0D0@B0 A;520 >B E>;<>2 7<08; 3;C. $>= !0=45@A >B25B8; =5<54;5==>9 :>=B@0B0:>9. >GLN ?>4>H;8 ?5@54>2K5 G0AB8 7-9 8 12-9 BC@5F:8E 4828789; : CB@C A8;K ?@>B82=8:0 2K@>A;8 GCBL ;8 =5 2B@>5 ?@>B82 ?@54K4CI53> 4=O 8 ?>AB>O==> ?>?>;=O;8AL ?>4E>4OI8<8 G0ABO<8. "C@:8 70=O;8 !:8<8B0@ =5<54;5==> 70 CE>4>< 9>@:H8@F52; B5?5@L, 4;O MDD5:B82=>3> =0ABC?;5=8O ?@02>3> D;0=30 =0 7<08; 3;C 1@8B0=F0< ?@8E>48;>AL 70=>2> 1@0BL E>;<. 31-O 1@83040 10-9 4828788 ?>H;0 =0 !:8<8B0@, => =5 A<>3;0 >B18BL ?>78F8N C BC@>:; =5C40G0 >1@5:;0 2A5 40;L=59H85 459AB28O ?@02>3> :@K;0. "> 65 A;CG8;>AL 8 =0 ;52>< D;0=35: 32-O 1@83040 =5 4>AB83;0 F5;8, =0 =5:>B>@KE CG0AB:0E 2>9A:0 4065 >B>H;8 2 15A?>@O4:5 ?>4 =58AB>2K< =0B8A:>< =>2>?@81K2H8E BC@5F:8E A8;.

=Q< 9 023CAB0 =0 15@53 A>H;8 >AB02H85AO G0AB8 53-9 4828788, CB@>< 10-3> 1>9 2>7>1=>28;AO 8 =5 CB8E0; 4> 70:0B0. @8B0=FK G0AB8G=> 70=O;8 !:8<8B0@ 8 7<08; 3;C, => 2@03 >B>1@0; 2AQ 2 O@>AB=KE :>=B@0B0:0E. !?CAB8;0AL =>GL, :CAB0@=8: =0 A:;>=0E ?K;0; 15760;>AB=K< >3=Q<. =>3>G8A;5==K5 BC@:8 2K83@0;8 2A5 :;NG52K5 ?>78F88 8 ?@>G=> 70A5;8 2 >:>?K; IX :>@?CA 5420 ;8 ?5@5HQ; 3@0=8FK ?5@2>3> 4=O 2KA04:8. !54L<>3> 023CAB0 ?>B5@8 =5 ?@52KA8;8 BKAOG8, 452OB>3> 8 45AOB>3> ?>381;8 1>;55 8 000 A>;40B 8 >D8F5@>2.

5@594Q< : ?>A;54=8< M?87>40< 18B2K. CB@C 10 023CAB0 1@8B0=FK 87 A8; 0 5IQ C45@6820;8 BO6:> 402H85AO ?>78F88 =0 'C=C: 08@5. 20 10B0;L>=0 13-9 4828788 6-9 A525@=>-;0=:0H8@A:89 8 5-9 C8;BH8@A:89 - ?@8H;8 A<5=8BL 87<>64Q==KE HBC@<>< E>;<0 B>20@8I59, => A<5=0 5420 CA?5;0 70=OBL B@0=H58, :0: ?>425@3;0AL A8;L=59H59 0B0:5. >A;5 CA?5E0 C !C2;K, 5<0;L ?@>2Q; =>GL 70 ?>43>B>2:>9 C40@0 >= 1K; 3>B>2 : ;N1K< 65@B20< @048 15AF5==KE ?>78F89 =0 E@51B5. &5;0O 482878O 8-O A B@5?>;=8B5;L=K<8 10B0;L>=0<8 ?@8H;8 A 0780BA:>3> 15@530; 0B0:C A>?@>2>640; ?5@5:@QAB=K9 >3>=L <>I=>9 0@B8;;5@88, 2?5@548 BC@>: HQ; A0< CAB0D0 5<0;L. /@>AB=K9 ?>B>: 70E;5AB=C; BKAOGC 1@8B0=A:8E AB@5;:>2 1>;55 ;N459 =5 ?><5I0;>AL =0 B5A=>9 25@H8=5. 0=:0H8@FK 2A:>@5 ?>1560;8, C8;B8H8@A:89 10B0;L>= ?>;=>ABLN 2K@570;8. ">@65AB2CNI85 BC@:8 ?5@520;8;8 G5@57 E>;< 8 ?>B5:;8 2=87, ?> :@CG0<, 3CABK<8 G5;>25G5A:8<8 2>;=0<8; >=8 A>1@0;8AL A1@>A8BL =0A <>@5, => =0B>;:=C;8AL =0 ?;>B=K9 >3>=L - >@C48O D;>B0, 2A5 AB2>;K, 28=B>2:8 8 ?C;5-0=70:>2A:>9 ;8=88. "C@5F:85 <0AAK @0AB0O;8 ?>4 >3=5==K< H:20;><. 7 B@QE-G5BK@QE BKAOG A>;40B, 15602H8E ?> A:;>=0< : <>@N 2K68;8 8 70:@5?8;8AL =0 E@51B5 B>;L:> =5<=>385 A>B=8 => C45@60;8AL 8 >AB0;8AL =0 3@51=5 4> A0<>3> :>=F0 0;;8?>;89A:>9 8AB>@88. 5AOB>3> 023CAB0 2B>@0O ?>?KB:0 >2;045BL @>;820<8 A>25@H5==> ?@>20;8;0AL, 25;8:85 CA8;8O =5 40;8 @5H0NI53> @57C;LB0B0 =8 2 >4=>< ?C=:B5.

@5645 G5< ?@87=0BL ?>@065=85, A>N7=8:8 ?@54?@8=O;8 5IQ 420 A5@LQ7=KE 45;0. 15 8 16 023CAB0 425 1@8304K 10-9 8@;0=4A:>9 4828788 ?@8 ?>445@6:5 2KA0482H59AO 2 !C2;5 54-9 B5@@8B>@80;L=>9 4828788 ?@>25;8 0B0:C 24>;L A525@=>9 3@0=8FK 1CEBK E@51B0 8@5G "5?5 !8@B. >9A:0 ?>2Q; 35=5@0; ME>=. >445@60==>5 A8;L=K< >3=Q< :>@015;L=>9 0@B8;;5@88 =0ABC?;5=85 8<5;> ?>=0G0;C CA?5E, =>, 2 :>=5G=>< AGQB5, >:>=G8;>AL =8G5< :>=B@0B0:8 8 >1AB@5; 2K=C48;8 =0A >B40BL 1>;LH8=AB2> ?@8>1@5B5=89. @8B0=88 =5 >B40NB 4>;6=>3> MB> 8AB8==>5 7=0G5=85 5420 ;8 ?>=OB>. > 8<0= D>= !0=45@A ?8H5B:

 

A;8 1K 0=3;8G0=5 ?@>G=> 70=O;8 8@5G "5?5 2 E>45 0B0: 15 8 16 023CAB0, B> >1>H;8 1K 2AN 5-N 0@<8N A D;0=30 8 <>3;8 >45@60BL @5H8B5;L=CN 8 >:>=G0B5;L=CN ?>154C.

 

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«"C@:8 ?8H5B !0=45@A >B18;8 0B0:8 A >3@><=K<8 4;O =0A ?>B5@O<8, A8;8 2 1>9 2AQ 157 >AB0B:0, 2:;NG0O :020;5@8N». @8B0=FK 2 >A>15==>AB8 B5@@8B>@80;L=0O :>==0O 8 29-O 4828788, 0B0:>202H85 2 >BG0O==>9 @5H8<>AB8 ?>=5A;8 BO6:89 8 15A?;>4=K9 C@>=. 3>@OG8E C3>;LOE A<@04=>3> ?>;O 1@0=8 =0H;8 A<5@BL <=>385 ?0;048=K, A@548 =8E 1@8304=K9 35=5@0; ;>@4 >=3D>@4, :020;5@K @5AB0 8:B>@88 ?>;:>2=8: AM@ 6>= 8;1M=: 8 1@8304=K9 35=5@0; 5==0. -B> 1K;0 :@C?=59H0O AE20B:0, >BK3@0==0O =0 ?>;C>AB@>25. 9 2K?0;> AB0BL 8 ?>A;54=59. ! =0G0;0 023CAB>2A:8E 1>Q2 1@8B0=FK ?>B5@O;8 1>;55 45 000 G5;>25:, BC@:8 =5 <5=55 40 000. 16 023CAB0 0<8;LB>= B5;53@0D8@>20; 8BG5=5@C: GB>1K ?@>4>;68BL =0ABC?;5=85, =C6=> ?>?>;=8BL ?>B5@8 2 45 000 1>9F>2 8 4>1028BL 50 000 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE HBK:>2 : 30;;8?>;89A:>@?CAC. > 2 A8;C 87;>65==KE 2 A;54CNI59 3;025 ?@8G8=, 1@8B0=A:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> >B:070;> 2 70?@>H5==KE 0<8;LB>=>< ?>4:@5?;5=8OE; >15 8718BK5 8 8AB>IQ==K5 0@<88 70<5@;8 =0 ?>78F8OE, 459AB28O =0 2A5E D@>=B0E 70H;8 2 157KAE>4=K9 BC?8:.

064K9 1>9 =0 0;;8?>;8, 2?;>BL 4> ?>A;54=8E AE20B>: 21 023CAB0 <>3 2 @02=>9 AB5?5=8 ?@8=5AB8 =0< ?>154C 8;8 >15@=CBLAO ?>@065=85<. 0;59H55 87<5=5=85 ?>A;54>20B5;L=>AB8 A>1KB89 >?@>:84K20;> H0B:CN >1AB0=>2:C 2 BC 8;8 8=CN AB>@>=C. > =5?@>AB8B5;L=0O ?>B5@O A>@>:0 2>AL<8 G0A>2 IX :>@?CA>< C !C2;K ;8H8;0 =0A 8AE>4=KE ?>78F89 4;O 40;L=59H8E >?5@0F89 @5H0NI53> 7=0G5=8O. «A5 ;030;8 ?8H5B !0=45@A GB> =0G8=0O A 6 023CAB0, ?>A;5 :064>9 CA?5H=>9 2KA04:8 1@8B0=A:85 2>5=0G0;L=8:8 A;8H:>< ?@>AB0820NB =0 15@53C, 2<5AB> B>3> GB>1K @5H8B5;L=>, ;N1>9 F5=>9 ?@>@K20BLAO 23;C1L ?>;C>AB@>20 A> 2A5E ?;0F40@<>2». !2>52@5<5==K9 22>4 2 45;> >?KB=>9 29-9 4828788, ?5@51@>A:0 : =0G0;C =0ABC?;5=8O B5@@8B>@80;>2 87 38?B0 =5 40;8 1K =0< C9B8 >B CA?5E0. ?>A;54AB288 87 $@0=F88 =0 A<5=C 8=5@B=K< 8 =5A?>A>1=K< :><0=48@0< ?@81K;8 ;845@K 2KA>G09H8E :0G5AB2 8=3, $M=H>C, >4 => 1K;> C65 ?>74=>. >2KE 35=5@0;>2 =5 8A?>;L7>20;8 4;O 4>1KG8 ?>154K, => ?@845@60;8 4;O ?><8=>:.

8B2C ?@8 !C2;5 :@8B8:CNB 65AB>:>, ?KB;82>, 2> <=>38E 0A?5:B0E, => 8AB>@8O =5 ?@5<8=5B A:070BL 8 8=>5 0;;8?>;8 1K; ?@>83@0= 4> !C2;K. #4828B5;L=>, GB> ?>A;5 2A5E 8AE>4=KE >H81>: 8 =5C40G : =0< 25@=C;0AL D>@BC=0, ;CG8;8 2 @C:8 2B>@>9 H0=A. > 7>;>B>9 A;CG09 ?@>?0; =5 2 023CAB5. = 2K?0; =0 :>=5F 8N=O =0G0;> 8N=O. 1K; ?>?@>ABC 8 ?>?CABC >B1@>H5=. 0:;NG5=85 5 0@40=5;;LA:>9 :><8AA88 3;0A8B: «A;54 70 =5C40G59 0B0: ?>A;5 ?5@2>9 2KA04:8 2@5H;> 2 4>;38E 8 =5C<5AB=KE @07 B><, :0:8< :C@A>< A;54>20BL 40;LH5. 0<8;LB>= B5;53@0D8@>20; A2>N >F5=:C ?>;>65=8O 17 <0O. >5==K9 A>25B 8 018=5B =5 >1@0B8;8AL : 2>?@>AC 4> 7 8N=O. ;02=>9 ?@8G8=>9 70<8=:8 2 A0<><5=B >?5@0F88 AB0;0 @5>@30=870F8O ?@028B5;LAB20. 8B>35, >B?@02:0 70?@>H5==KE 0<8;LB>=>< ?>4:@5?;5=89 >BA@>G8;0AL =0 H5ABL =545;L». -B0 7045@6:0 8 =565;0=85 27OBL 87 38?B0 871KB>G=K5 B0< 2>9A:0 ;8H8;0 =0A @50;L=>3>, 4>ABC?=>3>, 206=59H53> 4;O @5H8B5;L=>3> =0ABC?;5=8O G8A;5==>3> ?@58<5IQ==>9 745AL B01;8FK A;54C5B, GB> 5A;8 1K <0O, 459AB2>20;8 @57>==K< >1@07><, B> 2> 2B>@CN =545;N 8N;O 15 A>N7=8G5A:8E 4828789 - 2A53> 150 000 HBK:>2 - 0B0:>20;8 1K 10 BC@5F:8E 4828789 >1I8< G8A;>< 2 70 000 75 000 G5;>25:. H81:8 0C=8=3-AB@8B 8 #09BE>;;0 225@3;8 =0A 2 023CAB>2A:85 1>8 A @02=K< ?> G8A;5==>AB8 ?@>B82=8:><; ?0;8 2 1>;LHCN 154C 8 =5 A<>3;8 2K:0@01:0BLAO. 5;L7O =5 ?@8=8<0BL 2 @0AGQB ?@>20;K 8 ?@><0E8 =0 1>52KE ?>;OE ?>;C>AB@>20, => MB> >4=8 ;8HL ?>A;54AB28O 3;02=>9 ?@8G8=K 4C@=>3> @C:>2>4AB20.

@82545==0O =865 B01;8F0 ?>:07K205B ?@8G8=C =0H53> ?>@065=8O A 3>@L:>9 4>E>4G82>ABLN.

 

0BK

"C@:8

=3;>-D@0=FC7K

828789

(BK:>2

0 <5AB5

4>ABC?=>AB8*

828789

(BK:>2

828789

(BK:>2

$52@0;L, 18 (=0G0;> <>@A:>3> =0ABC?;5=8O)

=5B

5 000

=5B

2 000

4

36 000

0@B, 20 (:>=5F <>@A:>3> =0ABC?;5=8O)

2

14 000

4

40 000 (157 29 4828788)

5

60 000

?@5;L, 25 (?5@2>5 =0ABC?;5=85 0@<88)

6

42 000

5

50 000

5

60 000

N;L, 7 (=0G0;> 2B>@>3> =0ABC?;5=8O =0 ?>;C>AB@>25)

10

70 000 75 000

8

52 000

14

150 000**

23CAB, 7 (18B20 ?@8 !C2;5)

20****

120 000

14

120 000

14

120 000***

"@8 1;03>?@8OB=KE 2>7<>6=>AB8 >B<5G5=K F25B><. 48= @>AG5@: ?5@0 2 #09BE>;;5 8 ;N10O 87 B@QE <>3;0 1K >ACI5AB28BLAO.

* « 4>ABC?=>AB8» >7=0G05B ?>43>B>2;5==K5, ?@>AB0820NI85 157 45;0, 2>7<>6=K5 : >B?@02:5 =0 <5AB> 2>5==K5 G0AB8 - 8 8E 459AB28B5;L=> 4>AB028;8 =0 0;;8?>;8 2 B5G5=85 <5AOF0 >B C:070==>9 40BK.

**

@8B0=A:85

7 4><0

29, 42, 52, 10, 11, 13, 53, 54-O 8 >@A:0O 4828788

9

7 38?B0

"5@@8B>@80;L=0O 482878O, 8=489A:0O 482878O, >B45;L=K5 >B@O4K

2

2AB@0;89A:85

2AB@0;89A:89 8 >2>75;0=4A:89 0@<59A:89 :>@?CA

4

$@0=FC7A:85

1-O 482878O A ?@>G8<8 G0ABO<8

1

 

B>3>:

14

*** B 8N;LA:8E F8D@ >B=OB> 10 000 G8ABKE ?>B5@L 70 <5AOF 2>9A:0<8 =0 0;;8?>;8.

**** "C@5F:85 4828788 =0 <5AB5: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 26, 27-O.


;020 35. C8=K 0;:0=.[53]

 

%@8AB80=A:85 45@602K 0;:0= - 45B8 3=QB0 8 25;8 G5BK@5 A>B=8 ;5B ?>4 83>< BC@5F:>3> 702>520=8O 8 B>;L:> 2 ?>A;54=55 AB>;5B85 A1@>A8;8 O@<> 8 27O;8 A2>1>4C 2 65AB>:>9 1>@L15. 0F8>=0;L=K9 E0@0:B5@ 10;:0=F52 >B<5G5= BO6:8< 687=5==K< =0A;5485<. BAN40 8E CAB0=>2;5=8O 8 48=0AB88. !0<8 >=8 154=K, 3>@OG8 8 3>@4K; AB@0=K 8E =5?@8<8@8<> 2@06451=K, @52=82K 8 0<18F8>7=K. =570?0<5=0 :0640O 87 A53>4=OH=8E 10;:0=A:8E 45@602 2>73;02;O;0 =5<0;CN 8 BO 25;8G85 >;30@88 8 !5@188 8 <5@:=5B =0 D>=5 3@5G5A:>9 A;02K 2A5 >=8 A<>B@OB 2 ?@>H;>5, 2> 2@5<5=0 A>1AB25==>3>, 1K;>3> 25;8:>;5?8O 8 =0E>4OB ?>7048 ?@5F545=BK 8AB>@8G5A:8E ?@02. A5 =0 0;:0=0E =5?@5<5==> ?>;030NB BC 8;8 8=CN B5@@8B>@8N A2>59 A>1AB25==>ABLN ?> ?@02C 4@52=53> =0A;54>20=8O. BAN40 ?>AB>O==K5 A20@K 8 8=B@838.

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

>1028< : A:070==>;8B8:C B@QE 25;8:8E A>N7=KE 45@602. 0: $@0=F8O, B0: 8 >AA8O 8<5;8 =0 0;:0=0E A>1AB25==K5, =5A>2?040NI85 8=B5@5AK 8 284K =0 1C4CI55, A2>53> D02>@8B0 A@548 <5AB=KE 45@602, ;N189 87 AB@0=. @8B0=8O >3@0=8G820;0AL >1I8< ?>65;0=85< @538>=0;L=>3> 548=AB20, => =0H8 1;03>@>4=K5 >BAB@0=Q==>ABL 8 15A?@8AB@0AB85 5420 ;8 ?><>30;8 45;C.

%0>A CAC3C1;O;8 @07=>>1@07=K5 10;:0=A:85 AC25@5=K ;81> =5<5F:>3> ?@>8AE>645=8O, ;81> A2O70==K5 A 5@<0=859 @>4AB2>< 8 A2>9AB2><. 57C;LB0B>< AB0;8 AC<1C@ 8 =5AB018;L=>ABL, <=>65AB2> B>G5: 7@5=8O, :8?5=85 AB@0AB59, ?045=8O 8 27;QBK; 3>AC40@AB25==K5 AA88 =8 @07C =5 ?@5CA?5;8 2 B2Q@4>9 8 ?>A;54>20B5;L=>9 10;:0=A:>9 ?>;8B8:5. 0>1>@>B, 2A5 ?>?KB:8 459AB289 =0 0;:0=0E ?>;>28=G0BK5, >B A;CG0O : A;CG0N, G0AB> ?@>B82>@5G82K5 2>7K<5;8 ?@>B82>?>;>6=>5 459AB285, 4>1028;8 ACA?>4AB2CNI89 2 @538>=5 15A?>@O4>: ?@82Q; 2A5 <0;K5 AB@0=K ?>;C>AB@>20 : ?>;=>

B> 65 A0<>5 2@5N7=8:>2 8 G5BK@QE 10;:0=A:8E :>@>;52AB2 A>2?040;8 8 2?>;=5 <>3;8 =09B8 70I8BC 8 C4>2;5B2>@5=85 2 @0<:0E 548=>9 8 2=OB=>9 ?>;8B8:8. B@57:8 >B 35@<0=A:>9 8 02AB@89A:>9 8 :@K;8 1K 2A5 ?@8BO70=8O 10;:0=A:8E AB@0=. %20B8;> 1K 2A5< 8 A 871KB:><. "@8 3;02=KE A>N7=8:0 65;0;8 >1@0B8BL 0;:0=K ?@>B82 F5=B@0;L=KE 45@602. 48=AB2> >15A?5G820;> 157>?0A=>ABL 10;:0=A:8< :>@>;52AB20<; >=8 =5 <>3;8 ?@>83@0BL 2>9=C 70 2>645;5==K5 B5@@8B>@88 =0 AB>@>=5 B@QE 25;8:8E A>N7=8:>2. 1J548=5=85 10;:0=A:8E A8; 8 =B0=BK 7=0G8;> =5<8=C5@K9 ?@8E>4 ?>154=>3> <8@0. ">340 :064K9 ?>;CG0; OA=> >B<5@5==CN =03@04C. CA=8N, 5@F53>28=C, %>@20B8N, 0;<0F8N 8 "8<8H>0@A:89 0=0B; >;30@8O 4@80=>?>;L 8 -=>A-848N; @5F8O !<8@=C A >:@5AB=>ABO<8; 2A5 2<5AB5 157>?0A=>ABL, <8@ ?@>F25B0=85.

> GB>1K >1@5AB8, B@51>20;>AL ?@5645 CABC?8BL: 45@6020< 0;:0= ?@54AB>O;> 4>3>2>@8BLAO 4@C3 A 4@C3><. C<>3;0 1K 2>AAB0=>28BL >1@C46C 70 >;30@859; !5@18O >A2>1>48BL 1>;30@A:89 @09>= 0:54>=88; @5F8O ?@54;>68BL 24>102>: 020;;C 8 ?>;CG8BL =5<54;5==CN :> 9 C4>1=K9 <><5=B >AB@>2 <>3 1KBL 1@>H5= =0 25AK. @8B0=8O 45@60;0 2 @C:0E <>3CG89 @KG03 45=L38; =B0=B0 <>3;0 @0725@=CBL =5:>B>@K5 2>5==K5 8 <>@A:85 A8;K =0 MB>< B50B@5.

#4828B5;L=>, => ?@8 2A59 >1I=>AB8 8=B5@5A>2, ?@8 2A5E 70<5G0B5;L=KE A@54AB20E 2>7459AB28O 8 ?>>I@5=8O 2AQ 8 157 548=>3> 8A:;NG5=8O 1K;> A45;0=> =525@=>. IQ 2 D52@0;5 1915 3>40, 0 B> 8 @0=LH5 - 2A;54 70 >1JO2;5=85< "C@F859 2>9=K 2 =>O1@5 1914 3>40 @8B0=8O, $@0=F8O 8 >AA8O <>3;8 A>3;0A>20BL >1ICN ?>;8B8:C =0 0;:0=0E, 2KA;0BL =0 ?>;C>AB@>2 ?>A;0==8:>2 A0<>3> 2KA>:>3> @0=30, AB>@3>20BLAO A :064>9 87 10;:0=A:8E AB@0= =0 OA=KE 8 =5?@5@5:0528OE, >1JO28BL, 0 70B5< 8 ?@54?@8=OBL 548=K5, A:>>@48=8@>20==K5 459AB28O, : >1I59 8 15AF5==>9 2K3>45. <5AB> MB>3> 45;> @07<5=O;8 =0 G0AB=K5, A:>@>A?5;K5, 7;>1>4=52=K5 A45;:8. "I5B=K5, ?>A?5H=K5, ?>AB>O==> 70?074K20NI85 459AB28O 8 ?>AC;K A>N7=8:>2 <>3;8 1K 2>7K<5BL CA?5E, 1C4CG8 A45;0=K >4=>2@5<5==> 8 2 1;03>?@8OB=K9 <><5=B.

=0G0;5 1915 3>40 ?5@54 A>N7=>9 48?;><0B859 =0 0;:0=0E >B:@K;8AL 1>;55 G5< 70<5G0B5;L=K5 2>7<>6=>AB8. K =8:>340 =5 ?@542845;8 8 =5 4C<0;8 > <0AHB01=>< ?@>@K25 =0 MB>< B50B@5 => A;CG8;>AL, 8 ?@028B5;LAB20 >AA88, $@0=F88 8 @8B0=88 >B25B8;8 AC4>@>6=K<8, A;CG09=K<8, 2O;K<8, ?@>B82>@5G82K<8 8 15AA2O7=K<8 459AB28O<8. 1I5AB25==><=5=8N =0H8E AB@0= =5 AB>8B A;8H:>< ?>@8F0BL 10;:0=A:85 AB@0=K, 8E ?@028B5;59 8 ?>;8B8:>2. !><=5=8O @C3> :>@>;O, ;>6L :>@>;O $5@48=0=40, <5B0=8O 8 C2Q@B:8 :>@>;O >=AB0=B8=0 2AQ MB> A;54AB28O BO6:8E 10;:0=A:8E ?@>1;5<, @57C;LB0BK ?@>20;0 A>N7=8G5A:>9 ?>;8B8:8. !5@18O, :>=5G=> 65, >BG0O==> A@060;0AL, 4@0;0AL 157> 2AO:>9 >3;O4:8 =0 8=B5@5AK ?@>G8E 8 ?@>83@0;0 A C60A=K< 8AE>4><, => ?>;=>ABLN 2>AAB0=>28;0AL ?>A;5 >1I59 ?>154K. C<> 3>AC40@AB25==>5 1KB85, 70?CB0;0AL 2 ?>8A:0E >?>@K. :>=5G=>< AGQB5, ?>A;5 15A:>=5G=KE :>;510=89, ?@54>AB>@>6=>AB59 8 4>;3>9 B>@3>2;8 CE0@5AB @5H8;AO =0 2>9=C, => 70?>740; A 2K1>@><. 5H5=85 ?@8H;>AL =5 :> 2@5<5=8, AB@0=C @0AB5@70;8 2 :;>GLO. >;30@8O ?>25;0 A51O >1K:=>25==K< 4;O A2>59 ?@>H;>9 8 ?>A;52>5==>9 8AB>@88 >1@07><: 2AB0;0 =0 ?CBL 87<5=K 8, ?>A;5 <=>38E CA8;89 @CE=C;0 2 >5==>3> ?>@065=8O. C4@>ABL 8 E@01@>ABL A?0A;8 @5F8N 2 A0A;54=89 G0A: AB@0=0 70 <0;CN F5=C ?5@5H;0 2 ;035@L ?>1548B5;59, =0H;0 2KE>4 87 157=04Q6=>3> ?>;>65=8O, => >B40;0 2AQ, GB> C40;>AL ?@8>1@5AB8. C25: - "0:5 >=5A:C; 2 >;30@88 !B0<1C;89A:89: >= 2>A?@>B828;AO 3=52C :>@>;O $5@48=0=40 8 3>@4> >B?@028;AO 2 4>;3>5 70B>G5=85 A 8<5=0<8 =3;88 8 >AA88 =0 CAB0E; 2 @5F88 5=875;>A: >= HQ; G5@57 =5>?8AC5@65AB2>20; A@548 =52>>1@078AB59; 2A5 MB8 1577025B=K5 ;N48 =0 =5:>B>@>5 2@58 >B5G5AB20, 8, >15@=8AL 45;> ?>-8=>;=5 A<>3;8 1K >1;53G8BL AB@040=8O 2A59 2@>?K.

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

B0;8O >B:;8:=C;0AL =0 0?@5;LA:>5 ?>@065=85 >AA88 A0?@8OB=K< >1@07><. 1914 3>4C, 2AB@8O 45@60;0 =0 8B0;LO=A:>9 3@0=8F5 A>2A5< =5<=>3> 2>9A:, >4=8 ;8HL @07@>7=5==K5 2>8=A:85 A>548=5=8O. 0 40BC >1JO2;5=8O 8<>< 2>9=K, 2AB@8O AC<5;0 A>1@0BL ?@>B82 B0;88 122 10B0;L>=0, 10 MA:04@>=>2 8 216 >@C489; >B@O4K A<5H0==>3> A>AB020 C:@K;8AL 2 BI0B5;L=> ?>43>B>2;5==KE C:@5?;5=8OE. 0B5< ?>H;8 ?>?>;=5=8O A 30;8F89A:>3> B50B@0. 0ABC?;5=85 8B0;LO=F52 =0 "@85AB, 8725AB=>5 ?>4 =0720=8O<8 ?5@2>9 8 2B>@>9 18B2K ?@8 7>=F>, 40;> 8< 6 <8;L 02AB@89A:>9 B5@@8B>@88; 70B5< AB>@>=K :@5?:> 70A5;8 2 >:>?K, =0G0;0AL B@0=H59=0O 2>9=0 B0:0O 65, :0: =0 70?04=>< D@>=B5. "8@>;LA:85 >?5@0F88 8B0;LO=A:>9 0@<88 70:>=G8;8AL 2A53> ;8HL <0;K<8 2:;8=5=8O<8 2 ?OB8 <5AB0E. "5?5@L =5AG0ABLO >AA88 4>1028;8 : BC?8:>2>9 A8BC0F88 =0 8B0;LO=A:>< D@>=B5, 0 2AQ 2<5AB5 27OB>5 D0B0;L=> ?>459AB2>20;> =0 =0AB@>5=85 >;30@88.

, B5< =5 <5=55, 0;:0=K 2K6840;8, ?@8AB0;L=> 3;O4O =0 0;;8?>;89A:89 ?>;C>AB@>2 2?;>BL 4> 7025@H5=8O 18B2K ?@8 !C2;5. >:0 8AE>4 A@065=8O >AB020;AO =5OA5=, >;30@8O 2>745@6820;0AL; AG0AB;82K5 2>7<>6=>AB8 ?@82;5GL !>D8N =0 AB>@>=C A>N7=8:>2 =5 1K;8 CB@0G5=K 8 2 8N=5. 2AB@>-35@<0=A:>5 =0ABC?;5=85 =0 !5@18N :070;>AL =587156=K< 5IQ 2 D52@0;5, => =5 A>AB>O;>AL 8 ;5B><; =5:>B>@K5 G;5=K 018=5B0, A5@LQ7=> >15A?>:>5==K5 3@O4CI59, 25;8:>9 154>9, CA?>:0820;8AL ?> <5@5 AG0AB;82>3> 4;O !5@188 B5G5=8O ;5B=8E 4=59. / 2845; >4=C-548=AB25==CN ?@8G8=C 70<8=:8 2@030 A =0ABC?;5=85<: 2;8O=85 >?5@0F88 C 0@40=5;; =0 AB@0=K 0;:0=, =0 >;30@8N; 2 =5?@5@5:05<>9 C25@5==>AB8 10;:0=A:8E 45@602 @8B0=8O =8 2 :>5< A;CG05 =5 >AB028B B@C4>2, => 4>1LQBAO CA?5E0. 5?@5:@0I0NI85AO 1>8 =0 0;;8?>;8, 8725AB8O > ?>4E>45 ?>4:@5?;5=89, 8=K5 A2845B5;LAB20 25;8:8E A>N7=8G5A:8E CA8;89 C 0@40=5;; A2O7K20;8 >;30@88 @C:8, 0 ?>2545=85 !>D88, 2 A2>N >G5@54L, C45@6820;> 2AB@8N >B C40@0 ?> !5@188.

5AL <5AOF 8N=L O =5 CAB020; ?>2B>@OBL - =0< =52>7<>6=> AB028BL =0 :>= 30;;8?>;89A:>9 18B2K 2AN 10;:0=A:CN ?>;8B8:C: :>=5G=>, @8B0=88 =5>1E>48<> ?@54?@8=OBL 2AQ 8 2K83@0BL A@065=85 =0 ?>;C>AB@>25 =>, 2<5AB5 A B5<, =04> AB0@0BLAO 2K83@0BL 8 >;30@8N. B>6840=88 CA?5E0 C 0@40=5;; - 1K; 548=AB25==K9 A?>A>1: 2K=C48BL @5F8N A !5@1859 : B5@@8B>@80;L=K< CABC?:0< 8 ?@54>AB028BL 709O;0 ?5@54 =587156=K< :@0E>< 8 A>N7=8:8 >1@5<5=8;8 2>7<>6=CN ?><>IL CA;>28O<8: 5A;8 5;3@04 =5 E>G5B :0?8BC;8@>20BL, 5B:070BLAO >B =5:>B>@KE G0AB59 0:54>=88 15AA?>@=> 1>;30@A:8E ?> =0A5;5=8N, 8AB>@88, ?@56=8< 4>3>2>@0< 8 4> 2B>@>9 10;:0=A:>9 2>9=K - ?> ?@02C 702>520=8O. #65 =0 ?>A;54=5< 4KE0=88, 2> 2@53> 02AB@89A:>3> =0ABC?;5=8O 1914 3>40 !5@18O 45@60;0 1>;LH85 A8;K 2 1>;30@A:8E @09>=0E 0:54>=88 =0 A;CG09 2>;=5=89 A@548 <5AB=>3> =0A5;5=8O. @02> 8 74@02K9 A20=8O A?@0254;82>AB8, =0ACI=0O =5>1E>48<>ABL 2AQ B@51>20;> >B !5@188 >B40BL E>BO 1K =5>A?>@8@8N. ><8<> >1KG=KE 48?;><0B8G5A:8E :0=0;>2, : !5@188 2>7720;8 ?@028B5;8 8 AC25@5=K A>N7=8G5A:8E 45@602. &0@L, ?@57845=B D@0=FC7A:>9 @5A?C1;8:8, :>@>;L 5>@3 V C<>;O;8 A5@1A:>3> ?@8=F0-@535=B0 ?>9B8 =0 CABC?:8 5AB5AB25==K5, A?@0254;82K5, 687=5==> 206=K5 4;O AB@0=K. > A5@1A:85 ?@028B5;LAB2> 8 ?0@;0<5=B C?@O<> >B25@30;8 2A5 >1@0I5=8O. 5?>2>@>B;820O 48?;><0B8O =B0=BK A>N7=8:8 A>3;0A>2K20;8 :064>5 <5@>?@8OB85, :064CN B5;53@0<60NI89 B>= 8 ?>?KB0;0AL A;><8BL C?>@AB2CNICN !5@18N >B:07>< >B <0B5@80;L=KE ?>AB02>: 8 45=56=KE 2A?><>I5AB2>20=89 ;8HL 2 A0A;54=53> 2B>@65=8O.

"> 65 2KH;> 8 A 020;;>9. 5=875;>A, A 53> GCBL ;8 =5 157>H81>G=K< GCBLQ< 2 1>;LH8E 45;0E, 3>B>2 1K; ?>AB028BL =0 :>= 2AN A2>N ;8G=CN ?>?C;O@=>ABL 8 =5?>?@028<> ?>B5@OBL 2 :>=B@0E A :>@>;Q<, >1JO282 > 3>B>2=>AB8 2 >?@545;Q==KE >1AB>OB5;LAB20E >B40BL >;30@88 020;;C. A;8 1K A>N7=8:0< C40;>AL 30@0=B8@>20BL !>D88 A:>@CN ?5@540GC ?>@B0 020;;0 8 15AA?>@=>9 >1;0AB8 !5@188, >;30@8O, A >3@><=>9 4>;59 C25@5==>AB8, ?@8H;0 1K =0< =0 ?><>IL 8 ?>H;0 =0 4@80=>?>;L C65 2 8N;5 <5AOF5.

/ ?@82Q; A0<>5 AG0AB;82>5 AB5G5=85 >1AB>OB5;LAB2, => 8 G0AB8G=K9 @57C;LB0B >1>@0G820;AO =5A><=5==>9 ?>;L7>9: :>@>;L $5@48=0=4 =5 ?>A<5; 1K ?5@59B8 : 2@030<, ?>;CG82 ?@8 ?>A@54AB25 A>N7=8:>2 <0B5@80;L=>5, B5@@8B>@80;L=>5 2>7=03@0645=85. >;30@A:0O ?>78F8O B5E <5AOF52 87;>65=0 04>A;02>2K< A A>25@H5==K<, 65AB>G09H8< F8=87<>< 8 ?>;=>9 8A:@5==>ABLN. > =8G53> 459AB25==>3> B0: 8 =5 1K;> ?@54?@8=OB>, 2AQ 1K;> ?>AB02;5=> =0 8AE>4 30;;8?>;89A:>9 18B2K.

B> 65 2@5 =5 ?@8=8<0BL 2 @0AGQB >3@><=K5 70B@C4=5=8O -420@40 @5O: 548;>AL :><18=8@>20BL 48?;><0B8G5A:85 459AB28O G5BK@QE 25;8:8E 45@602; 70=8<0BLAO 45;8:0B=K< 8 1>;57=5==K< 3@5G5A:8< 45;>< D0:B8G5A:8 C45@6820BL D8=K, =5 ?@5@K20O A 3@5:0<8 4@C61K; A>N7=8G0BL A !5@1859 >A>1>9 ?@82O70==>ABLN >AA88 - 8, >4=>2@5<5==>, >3>@G0BL 5;3@04 B@51>20=8O<8 3;C1>:> >B2@0B8B5;L=KE A5@10< B5@@8B>@80;L=KE CABC?>:. 07C<55BAO, 548=0O A>N7=8G5A:0O 48?;><0B8O AB0;0 1K ?>;57=0 2 10;:0=A:8E 45;0E, => ?5@525A8BL C60A=K5 ?>A;54AB28O @CAA:>3> ?>@065=8O <>3;0 >4=0 ;8HL @5H8B5;L=0O ?>1540 C 0@40=5;;.

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

>2>5 A>1KB85 206=59H53> 7=0G5=8O >1@5<5=8;> 8 157 B>3> BO3>AB=>5 ?>;>65=85 45;. =0G0;5 8N;O, =0 :>=D5@5=F88 2 0;5 45?CB0BK 1@8B0=A:>3> ?@028B5;LAB20 ?@5<8=8AB@, 8BG5=5@ 8 0;LDC@ 70O28;8 ?@5>1;040NI55 2 018=5B5 <=5=85 8 2>A?@>B828;8AL 40;L=59H8< =0ABC?;5=8O< 0=3;>-D@0=FC7>2 =0 70?045 2 1915 3>4C. =8 ?@54;>68;8 >3@0=8G8BL A>N7=8G5A:85 >?5@0F88 2> $@0=F88 8 $;0=4@88 B0: =07K205<>9 «=0ABC?0B5;L=>9 >1>@>=>9» 8;8, 5A;8 A:070BL B>G=55, 0:B82=>9 >1>@>=>9. $@0=FC7K A>3;0A8;8AL; >DD@ A>3;0A8;AO. D8F80;L=>5, =542CA5 A>3;0A85. "5?5@L <>3;8 ?;0=8@>20BL, 3>B>28BL =>2>5 A@065=85 =0 0;;8?>;8. > A@07C 65 ?>A;5 :>=D5@5=F88 >DD@, =5278@0O =5 A>3;0H5=85 8 =8GCBL =5 AB>2;5=8O : =>2>9 0B0:5 2 (0 = 1K; A>25@H5==> C25@5=, GB> =0 MB>B @07 ?@>@2QB 2@065A:89 D@>=B 8 ?>3>=8B 35@<0=F52 ?@>GL. K ?@>83@0;8 18B2C ?@8 !C2;5, C2O7;8 =0 ?>;C>AB@>25 :0: =8:>340 8 BCB, 70?>740;> 8 =5>6840==>, CA;KH0;8 > ?;0=5 >DD@0.

A;8 G;5= >5==>3> :><8B5B0 65;0; G8B0BL 2>5==K5 B5;53@0<= <>3 7=0:><8BLAO A =8<8 :064>5 CB@>, => B>;L:> 2 2>5==>< <8=8AB5@AB25, 2 ?@8Q<=>9 8BG5=5@0: @0A?>@O65=85, =0?@02;5==>5 ?@>B82 =565;0B5;L=>3> @0A?@>AB@0=5=8O A5:@5B=KE 4>:C<5=B>2. / ?@8E>48; :064>5 CB@> 8 G8B0; :064>5 A;>2>. #B@>< 21 023CAB0 ;8G=K9 A5:@5B0@L 8BG5=5@0 70AB0; <5=O 8<5==> 70 MB8< 70=OB85<: D5;L4<0@H0; B>;L:> GB> 25@=C;AO 87 D@0=FC7A:>9 HB01-:20@B8@K 8 B5?5@L ?>65;0; 2AB@5B8BLAO A> <=>9. / 2>HQ; 2 53> :><=0BC; 8BG5=5@ AB>O; A?8=>9 : >3=N. = ?>A<>B@5; =0 <5=O A> AB@0==K< 2K@065=85<; O ?>=O;, GB> ?@54AB>8B >G5=L 206=K9 @073>2>@, 8 640;. $5;L4<0@H0; 70<5B=> 70< A>>1I8;, GB> A>3;0A8;AO A D@0=FC7A:8< ?;0=>< 1>;LH>3> =0ABC?;5=8O. / =5<54;5==> >B25@3 2AO:CN 2>7<>6=>ABL CA?5E0. 8BG5=5@ >B25B8;, GB> MB> 1C45B 0B0:0 2 =52840==>< 4>A5;5 <0AHB015 8 C40G0 @07>< ?>?@028B 2AQ, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 45;0 C 0@40=5;;. = ?@51K20; 2 =0?@O6Q==>< 2>71C645=88 G5;>25:0, @5H82H53>AO =0 25;8:>5 45;> A A>25@H5==> =5>?@545;Q==K< 2>7<>6=>, GB> 8 C60A=K< 8AE>4>< 8 B5?5@L 1K; 3>B>2 ?CAB8BL <0H8=C 2 E>4 :>=5G=> =5 B>BG0A, => A:>@> - >AB0;>AL >1JO28BL > @5H5=88 >5==><8B5BC, 018=5BC 8 70@CG8BLAO 8E A>3;0A85<. / =5 A>3;0H0;AO A 4>2>40<8 8BG5=5@0, 2@5<56 B5< 1;878;>AL : 11 CB@0. $5;L4<0@H0; ?@83;0A8; <5=O 2 A2>9 02B><>18;L, 8

><8B5B A>1@0;AO. 8BG5=5@, 157> 2AO:8E A><=5=89 CA?5; 703>4O ?@54C?@548BL ?@5<8=8AB@0 8 A@07C 65 ?>;CG8; A;>2>. >;>65=85 >AA88 >15AF5=8;> 4>3>2>@Q==>AB8 A D@0=FC70<8 2 0;5, 8 >= =5 <>65B 40;55 8<8 @C:>2>4AB2>20BLAO, B> 5ABL >B:;04K20BL A5@LQ7=>5, :@C?=><0AHB01=>5 =0ABC?;5=85 =0 70?045 4> 3>B>2=>AB8 A>N7=8:>2. 8=8AB@0< 8725AB=>, GB> A0< >= 2AQ 2@51C640; >DD@0 : 0:B82=K< 459AB28O<, =>, :0: =5402=> 2KOA=8;>AL, ;><8;AO 2 >B:@KBCN 425@L: B5?5@L <, GB> D@0=FC7K =8 =0 45=L =5 ?@5:@0I0;8 ?>43>B>2:C : =0ABC?;5=8N. / BCB 65 8 @5H8B5;L=> 2>7@078; ?@>B82 >BE>40 >B 7@5;> >14C<0==KE 8 ?>445@60==KE 2 0;5 @5H5=89 018=5B0 8 70O28;, GB> >?5@0F8O ?@8254QB ;8HL : 15AA9, 3830=BA:>9 1>9=5. / C:070;, GB> =52>7<>6=> >6840BL ?@>@K20 =5?@8OB5;LA:8E C:@5?;Q==KE ;8=89 157 ?@52>AE>4AB20 2 ;N4OE 8 157 4>;6=>3> 70?0A0 A=0@O4>2; =0ABC?;5=85 =0G=QBAO A;8H:>< ?>74=> 4;O 459AB28B5;L=>9 ?><>I8 >AA88 8 =5 ?><5H05B 35@<0=A:>9 8=8F80B825 =0 ?@>G8E B50B@0E; =>2K9 ?;0= 1572>72@0B=> @CH8B 2AO:85 =04564K =0 >B:@KB85 0@40=5;;. >8 70<5G0=8O A>E@0=8;8AL 2 ?@>B>:>;5:

 

8AB5@ '5@G8;;L A>60;55B > =>2>< :C@A5. '8A;> =5<5F:8E 2>9A: =0 70?045 =5 C<5=LH8;>AL, A>N7=8G5A:8< 2 500 000 ?@>B82>AB>OB >:>;> 2 000 000 35@<0=A:8E A>;40B. 0H53> ?@58< =54>AB0B>G=> 4;O =0ABC?;5=8O. !> 2@5<5=8 ?>A;54=8E 0B0:, A8;K A>N7=8:>2 =5 2K@>A;8, 2 B> 2@51>@>=C.

= ?>;0305B, GB> ?@8 2A5E =045640E ?><>GL >AA88, 2 5AB5AB25==>< 8 8A:@5==5< 65;0=88 2K@CG8BL A>N7=8:0 ?CABC ?>B5@O5< 200 000 8;8 300 000 687=59[54], ?>B@0B8< [<=>65AB2>] A=0@O4>2 8, 2>7<>6=>, >B>1LQ< C 2@030 <0;CN B5@@8B>@8N. B0:0 9 <0O (@@0A) ?@>20;8;0AL, D@>=B =5 ?>428=C;AO. K ?>B@0B8< ;N459, A=0@O65=85, 35@<0=FK ?>;CG0B F5==>5 ?@58 8 >AB0=CBAO 2 2K83@KH5 4065 8 =5 CA?52 ?5@51@>A8BL 1>;LH8E A8; A 2>AB>:0. ;O 0B0:8 =5>1E>48< ?5@525A 420 : >4=>N7=8:8) =5 8<55< 53>.

 

!5@LQ7=>9 48A:CAA88 =5 A>AB>O;>AL, ?>A;54>20;> ;8HL 2>7@065=85: D@0=FC7K 0B0:CNB 2 ;N1>< A;CG05, 8 5A;8 94Q< A =8<8 0;LO=A <>65B @CE=CBL. 8BG5=5@ ?@54CA<>B@8B5;L=> CHQ; >B >15I0=89 «@5H8B5;L=>3> CA?5E0» 8 :>340 53> =0?@OA8;8, 1C45B ;8 4>AB83=CB «@5H8B5;L=K9 CA?5E», ?@8<5=8; <>N D>@2:C: «?@8=F8?80;L=>5, AB@0B538G5A:>5 87<5=5=85 ;8=88 D@>=B0». «8AB5@ '5@G8;;L 4>1028; D5;L4<0@H0; A:070; 2> <=>3>< A?@0254;82K5 A;>20, =>, : =5AG0ABLN, N5<, :0: B> ?@8E>48BAO 45;0BL, 0 =5 B0:, :0: =0< 65;0B5;L=>».

'5@57 G0A ?>A;5 >5==>3> A>25B0 A>1@0;AO 018=5B. / C<>;O; <8=8AB@>2 =5 >BABC?0BL ?5@54 D@0=FC7A:>9 ?>A?5H=>ABLN, => =07=0G8BL =>2CN :>=D5@5=F8N, 5IQ @07 87;>68BL 2A5 A>>1@065=8O 8 2>7720BL : A>N7=8:C. / =0HQ; A8;L=CN ?>445@6:C 2 ?@>G8E G;5=0E ?@028B5;LAB20. / ?>4G5@:=C;, GB> 5A;8, ?>A;5 2A5E =0H8E C3>2>@>2 D@0=FC7K >AB0=CBAO B25@4K 2 ?@56=8E =0<5@5=8OE, ?@84QBAO 157 A><=5=8O CABC?8BL; => ?>:0 5IQ =5 ?>74=> ?>AB0@0BLAO 8 ?@54>B2@0B8BL >3@><=CN, 15A?;>4=CN, :0B0AB@>D8G5A:CN 1>9=N. 018=5B 2K720; 8 @0AA?@>A8; $@5=G0 2 B> 2@5= ?@85E0; 2 >=4>=. ><0=4CNI89, 2 A2>N >G5@54L, =5 40; =8:0:8E C25@5=89 2 CA?5E5; 53> A>25@H5==> =5 C4>2;5B2>@O; 2K45;5==K9 0=3;8G0=0< A5:B>@ 0B0:8. !=0@O4>2 <>3;> E20B8BL ;8HL =0 A5;55 B>3>. > $@5=G 1K; 3>B>2 8A?>;=8BL ?@8:07 8 ?>25AB8 1>9 157> 2AO:8E 704=8E <0=4CNI89 >AB0=>28;AO 2 0=:0AB5@ 59B; O ?@8HQ; : =5D8F80;L=K< 2878B>< 8 ?>?KB0;AO C1548BL 2 A>1AB25==>9 ?@02>B5. !M@ 6>= >B25B8; >1KG=K< >1@07><: =5>1E>48<> 459AB2>20BL 2 A>3;0A88 A D@0=FC70<8; 70B5< >B:@K; <=5 ?>4@>1=>ABL >DD@ A>1@0;AO @0725@=CBL =5 <5=55 A>@>:0 4828789 =0 >4=>< ;8HL D@0=FC7A:>< CG0AB:5. / =5 A<>3 =5 ?@87=0BL, GB> 3830=BA:89 <0AHB01 >?5@0F88 >B=>A8B 2>7<>6=K9 5Q 8AE>4 2 >1;0ABL =52>>1@078<>3>, => C?>@AB2>20; 2 2>7@065=8OE 8 >AB028; 4@C30 2 3;C1>G09H59 B@52>35. / ?>=8<0;, GB> @5GL 84QB > :@0E5 :0 AB>:5.

5H5=85 > 35=5@0;L=>< =0ABC?;5=88 2> $@0=F88 =5<54;5==> ?@825;> : A=0@O4=>;>4C =0 0;;8?>;8, 8;8, ?> <5=LH59 <5@5, ?>A048;> :>@?CA C 0@40=5;; =0 3>;>4=K9 ?0Q:. ;O ?>;C>AB@>20 1K;8 >B@O65=K ?>4:@5?;5=8O 2?>;=5 4>AB0B>G=K5, GB>1K C45@60BL 0<8;LB>=0 =0 ?>;5 ?@8 2A5E 53> BO6Q;KE ?>B5@OE, => =54>AB0B>G=> <=>3>G8A;5==K5 4;O ;N1>3> 7=0G8<>3> @57C;LB0B0. 0;;8?>;89A:>5 ?@54?@8OB85 70H;> 2 BC?8:, BC@:8 A?5H8;8 2>A?>;=8BL ?>=5AQ==K9 8 BO6:89 C@>=, @5>@30=87>2K20;8 ?>B@Q?0==K5, 0 <5AB0<8 8 2>2A5 @0718BK5 G0AB8. B> 65 A0<>5 2@51AB25==CN 0@<8N 3;>40;8 1>;57=8 8 C?04>: 4CE0. 5;8:89 8 1;87:89 CA?5E CA:>;L7=C; 87 @C:, @8B0=8O >B:@>25==> ?@5=51@530;0 A=0165=85< 40@40=5;;LA:>9 M:A?548F88, =0<5@5=8O ?@028B5;LAB20 >AB020;8AL BC<0==K, A=0@O4>2 =5 E20B0;>, 2?5@548 1K;0 78<0 A> 2A5<8 5Q 1540<8, A>;40B 8 >D8F5@>2 B5@70;8 BO6:85 ;8H5=8O: 0@<8O 1>;55 G5< ?@8C=K;0. ;8OB5;L=K5 8 <=>3>G8A;5==K5 ?@>B82=8:8 ?@54?@8OB8O, AB>@>==8:8 M20:C0F88, 045?BK 0;LB5@=0B82=KE AE5< >6828;8AL: ?@8H;> 8E 2@5AB=>5 2@5?>@0<8 0@<88, A0<8< A< 5Q ACI5AB2>20=8O >AB0;8AL >4=8 ;8HL B5@?5=85, 2K=>A;82>ABL 1@8B0=A:>3> A>;40B0 8 ?;0<5==K9 4CE 0.

3>;>2>;><=>;>65=8N 1@8B0=A:>3> ?@028B5;LAB20 4>1028;AO AB@0==K9 A;CG09. 5=578A ?>;8B8G5A:>3> 25A0 8 2;8O=8O !0@09;O B@C4=> ?>AB8GL 8 BO65;> >1JOA=8BL. 82878>==K9 35=5@0;, >= >B;8G8;AO ?>4 5@45=><; 2 8N;5 >DD@ =07=0G8; 53> :><0=4CNI8< A8;0<8 $@0=F88 =0 >AB>:5 2<5AB> BO65;> @0=5=>3> C@>. >;8B8G5A:>5 2;8O=85 !0@@09;O >15A?5G8;> 70 35=5@0;>< <5AB>. >6=> A?>@8BL > 53> 2>5==KE 4>AB865=8OE, => =5A><=5==> >4=> !0@@09;L 1K; O@K< 0B58AB><. >7<>6=>, 8<5==> ?> MB>9 ?@8G8=5 ?@028B5;LAB25==K5 :@C38 $@0=F88 @5H8;8 ?@54>AB028BL 5AB =0 2>AB>:5 A =04564>9 4;O !0@@09;O A=8A:0BL 2>5==K5 ;02@K 157 >1AB@C:F89 A> AB>@>=K 0=B8:;5@8:0;L=KE @048:0;-A>F80;8ABA:8E M;5<5=B>2. "5?5@L ?@54AB02LB5 2AQ =0H5 87C<;5=85: ?5@2>3> A5=BO1@O, 2 @0730@ ?>43>B>2:8 206=59H59 18B2K 2> $@0=F88, 2 B> 2@5<8O =0 0;;8?>;8 >1E>48BAO A:C4=59H8< <8=8< ;N459 8 A=0@O4>2, 2 4<8@0;B59AB2> ?@8E>48B =53040==0O =>2>ABL: <8=8AB@ ! $@0=F88 ?5@540QB G5@57 <>@A:>3> 0BB0H5 ?@>AL1C ?>A>459AB2>20BL A >B?@02:>9 G5BK@QE A2568E 4828789 87 0@A5;O : 0@40=5;;0B:@K;8 40;L=59H55: 0@86 2>7=0<5@8;AO AD>@<8@>20BL >B45;L=CN >AB>G=CN 0@<8N 87 H5AB8 4828789 ?>4 =0G0;>< 35=5@0;0 !0@@09;O, 2KA048BLAO 2 >:BO1@5 <5AOF5 =0 0780BA:>< 15@53C 0@40=5;; 8 =0ABC?0BL =0 D>@BK '0=0:0 >4=>2@5<5==> A 2>7>1=>2;5=85< 1@8B0=A:8E 0B0: =0 0;;8?>;8. '5BK@5 4828788 H;8 87 $@0=F88, 425 >6840;8 A %5;;5A-D@>=B0 - =0< ?@54;>68;8 >A2>1>48BL ?>A;54=85; B5< A01@07>2K20;0AL >B45;L=0O 0@<8O 4;O =>2KE >?5@0F89. K 0?5;;8@>20;8 : 4>;3C, B@51>20;8 15AAB@0H8O, C?>B@51;O;8 =5>B@078<5=BK, => B0: 8 =5 A<>3;8 =8G53> 4>18BLAO; B5?5@L ?>GC48;>AL, GB> 83@0 D@0=FC7A:8E ?>;8B8G5A:8E A8; A ;Q3:>ABLN ?@54>AB028;0 =0< 2K83@KH. !25B =5640==>9 C40G8 BCB 65 @0725O; <@0G=K5 4CA?5H8;8 ?@8=OBL ?@54;>65=85 0@860. 8BG5=5@ B>BG0A >15I0; >A2>1>48BL 425 D@0=FC7A:85 4828788 C %5;;5A0. 0;LDC@ =5<54;5==> A>1@0; B@0=A?>@B=K5 AC40. >=0@ >C 2<5AB5 A> <=>9 =0AB0820; =0 >B?@02:5 2>7<>6=> 1>;LH8E 1@8B0=A:8E A8; «4;O =8E 5ABL >B;8G=>5 45;>». #2K 018=5BC @8B0=88! = OA=> 2845; 8AB8=C. = 1K; 74>@>2K9 >@30=87<, A 25@=K< 273;O4>< =0 2>?@>A. 540 ?@8H;0 =5 ?>A;5 =525@=KE AC645=89, => 87-70 =5E20B:8 C?>@AB20. B0:85 2@5<5=0, =515A0 2>7<>6=> 27OBL ;8HL HBC@<><.

> 745AL 2>7=8:05B 2>?@>A: <>3 ;8 >DD@ A>3;0A8BLAO? =0;87 >1AB0=>2:8 ?>:07K205B, GB> <>3 =0 >?@545;Q==KE CA;>28OE. >;>65=85 >DD@0 =5 1K;> =5CO72848;>AL CG8BK20BL =068< A ;52>3> ?>;8B8G5A:>3> D;0=30. 48;>AL <0=52@8@>20BL, 8 >= 2KAB028; CA;>28O: 4828788 4;O 0@40=5;; =5 ?>:8=CB $@0=F8N 4> 3;02=>3> C40@0 ?@54AB>OI59 0B0:8; >=8 =5 >B?;K2CB, ?>:0 =5 2KOA=8BLAO, 4>AB83=CB 8;8 =5B @5H8B5;L=K9 @57C;LB0B. 48==04F0B>3> A5=BO1@O, 2 0;5, 8BG5=5@ COA=8; CA;>28O >DD@0 8 2K=C48; C =53> B>G=K9 A@>: - 45;> B0: 8;8 8=0G5 @5H8BAO 2 :>=F5 ?5@2>9 =545;8 18B2K, 2 7028A8<>AB8 >B E>40 A@065=8O: B0:, ?@8 >1I5< >BABC?;5=88 35@<0=F52 >DD@ ?CAB8BAO 2 ?@5A;54>20=85 2A5<8 =0;8G=K<8 A8;0<8, 4> ?>A;54=53> A>;40B0, => 2 ?@>B82=>< A;CG05 2KA2>1>48B 2K45;5==K5 4;O 0@40=5;; 2>9A:0. $@0=FC7A:89 :><0=4CNI89 =07=0G8; 40BC ?>3@C7:8 3>;>2=>9 4828788 10 >:BO1@O. B> 65 2@5 70<5G5=>, GB> 35=5@0; !0@@09;L, 2>?@5:8 =0AB>O=8O< 8BG5=5@0, =5 A?5H8B 70=OBLAO ?;0=8@>20=85< >?5@0F89 =0 <5AB5, C 0@40=5;;, => ?@54?>G8B05B 70=8<0BLAO <0;>ACI5AB25==K<8 45;0<8 2 0@865.

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

48= 7=0<5=0B5;L=K9 D0:B: >;30@8O B5@?5;82> >6840;0 @57C;LB0B0 18B2K ?@8 !C2;5 8 <54;8;0 A =5>1@0B8<, =>, 2 B> 65 A0<>5 2@525@H5==> =5 1>O;8AL 8AE>40 A:>@>9 8 =>2>9 18B2K 2> $@0=F88. 5@<0=FK =5 C?CAB8;8 70<5B8BL <0AAK ;N459 8 >@C489 2 @BC0 8 (0 B>28;8 2AQ =5>1E>48<>5 4;O >B@065=8O C40@0. =8 1K;8 C25@5=K 2 CA?5E5, @02=> :0: 8 1>;30@A:89 35=HB01.

! @0AA25B>< 26 A5=BO1@O =0G0;0AL 25;8:0O 18B20 =0 70?045. "@84F0BL 1@8B0=A:8E 8 D@0=FC7A:8E 4828789 =0G0;8 2A?><>30B5;L=CN 0B0:C C >>A0; A>@>: D@0=FC7A:8E 4828789 =0=5A;8 3;02=K9 C40@ 2 (0 B25;8 1@8B0=F0< =5 ;CGHCN, ?> <=5=8N $@5=G0, 7>=C 4;O A>2<5AB=>9 0B0:8, => AM@ 6>=, 2K=C645==K9 A>>1@07>2K20BLAO A ?;0=>< >DD@0, 2Q; 45;> A >1KG=>9 4;O =53> @5H8B5;L=>ABLN. $@0=FC7K 0B0:>20;8 2 (0 -=>2>3@0=8G5==K9 <5B>4», :0: MB> =07K20NB A B>9 ?>@K - 8<5==>, 0@<88 1@>A0NBAO 2?5@Q4 8 ?@>42830NBAO B0: 40;5:>, :0: B>;L:> A<>3CB, «70 3>@87>=B», 2 =045645 ?@>9B8 =5 B>;L:> @07@CH5==K5 1><10@48@>2:>9 ?5@54>2K5 ;8=88, => 2A5 ?@8;530NI85 ?>78F88, C:@5?;5=8O, 8 4065 2K9B8 2 BK;. 1AC@4=K9 HB01=>9 ?;0= ?@54?>;030; @5H8B5;L=> 7025@H8BL ?>154=CN 18B2C <0AA8@>20==K< :020;5@89A:8< C40@><. >A;5 D0B0;L=>3> A83=0;0 E@01@K5 0@<88 ?>H;8 2 >3=5==K9 H:20;. @8B0=A:85 A>@0B=8:8 A>@52=>20;8AL 2 @25=88 A D@0=FC7A:8<8 ?5E>B8=F0<8. > 8AE>4 AB0; ?@54A:07C5<. 5@<0=FK B>G=> 8 157>H81>G=> 2KG8A;8;8 A8;C A2>53> D@>=B0 8 =5>1E>48<>5 4;O >1>@>=K G8A;> 2>9A:. 0B8A: =0 >AA8N 8 ?;0=K 4;O 0;:0= >AB0;8AL ?@56=8<8. 0 ?5@2CN =545;N 0=3;>-D@0=FC7K ?@>428=C;8AL 2?5@Q4 A>2A5< =540;5:>, ;8HL 2 =5:>B>@KE ?C=:B0E, 157> 2AO:>3> AB@0B538G5A:>3> @57C;LB0B0, 70E20B8;8 =5A:>;L:> 4N68= >@C489, =5A:>;L:> BKAOG ?;5==KE 8 ?>B5@O;8 1>;55 300 000 C18BK<8 8 @0=5=K<8.

;O >DD@0 ?@8H;> 2@5B?CAB8BL 2>9A:0 =0 >AB>:, => >=, A0< >1@07><, >B:07K20;AO ?@87=0BL ?>@065=85. !@065=85 H;>, =04564K >DD@0 B0O;8, >B?@02:0 2>9A: : 0@40=5;;0< ?5@5:;04K20;0AL A >4=>9 =545;8 =0 4@C3CN. "5< 2@5<5=5<, =0 30;;8?>;89A:85 0@<88 =0:0BK20;0AL 78<0; 0;:0=K H;8 : :0B0AB@>D5.

25 A5=BO1@O 2 >;30@88 =0G0;0AL 2A5>1I0O <>18;870F8O. '0NI85 ?>154K 2 A@065=88 =0 70?045 G8B0;8 >?B8<8AB8G5A:85 A2>4:8 2KA>:8E 2>5==KE G8=>2 - D@0=FC7A:8E 8 =0H8E 8 =0E>48;8, GB> =53@O7;8 2 C60A=>9 18B25 2> $@0=F88, A2O70=K >?5@0F8O<8 =0 >1H8@=>< 2>AB>G=>< D@>=B5 8 A>25@H5==> =5A?>A>1=K 2K45;8BL =>2CN 0@<8N 4;O 70E20B0 !5@188; >=8 A><=520;8AL 2 =0<5@5=8OE =5?@8OB5;O 4> A0<>3> ?>A;54=53> G0A0. @>H;8 B@5BLO 8 G5B2Q@B0O =545;8 A5=BO1@O. > 157>H81>G=K< A2545=8O<, : A525@C >B C=0O A>1@0;8AL :@C?=K5 02AB@>-35@<0=A:85 A8;K. 4 >:BO1@O @07254:0 4>=5A;0 > 0:5=75=5 2 "8<8H>0@5. >A;54>20;8 =58AB>2K5, => 70?>740;K5 ?>?KB:8 C45@60BL !>D8N, 2 E>4 ?>H;8 2A5 2>7<>6=K5 C3@>7K 8 ?>AC;K, 1>;30@K 2KA;CH820;8 8E 2 E;04=>:@>2=>9 =52>7AB8 8 <5B>48G=> ?@>2>48;8 <>18;870F8N. >@>;L $5@48=0=4 HQ; >?0A=K<, 4>A:>=0;L=> >14C<0==K< ?>;8B8G5A:8< :C@A>< A B>G=>ABLN 70254Q==>3> <5E0=87<0. 0@;0<5=BA:85 A8;K 70<>;G0;8 ?>4 65AB>G09H8<8 :0@0<8, :@5ABLO=A:85 A>;40BK ?>28=>20;8AL 65;57=>9 48AF8?;8=5. !5@18O =5 H;0 =8 =0 :0:85 CABC?:8 8 ?@83>B>28;0AL 2AB@5B8BL 3815;L, 35@>9AB2CO =0 ?>;5 8 ?;0<5==> 27K20O : A>N7=8:0<.

"5?5@L =0< 4>;6=> 87CG8BL ?>A;54AB28O 2A5E MB8E A>1KB89. 5;> 70H;> A;8H:>< 40;5:>; 548=AB25==>9 A8;>9, A?>A>1=>9 ?@89B8 =0 ?><>IL !5@188, >AB0;0AL @5F8O 8 2A5 A>N7=8:8 ?>?KB0;8AL 2>2;5GL D8=K 2 2>9=C 2 ?>A;54=5<, A>2<5AB=><, 8A:@5==5< CA8;88. 20 @070 @5F8O ?@54;030;0 =B0=B5 ?><>IL 8 >10 @070 ?>;CG8;0 >B:07. "5?5@L ?@8HQ; =0H G5@Q4 ?@>A8BL. > 4>3>2>@C @5F8O >1O70;0AL ?><>GL !5@188 =0 A;CG09 1>;30@A:>9 0B0:8. >@>;L >=AB0=B8= 8 53> AB>@>==8:8 >1JO28;8 4>3>2>@ =5?@8<5=89=5 !5@188 =5 ;8HL A >;30@859, => 8 A 25;8:>9 45@602>9. 5;3@04 ?@8720; D8=K A>1;NAB8 4>3>2>@ 8 >1@0B8;AO : =B0=B5 A ?@>AL1>9 >1 0@<88 2 150 000 G5;>25:. 5=875;>A, >?OBL ?@5<5=BA:>3> 1>;LH8=AB20 ?>A;5 =5402=8E 2K1>@>2, C15640; A>N7=8:>2 ?>A;0BL 2>9A:0 2 !0;>=8:8 8 B5< ?>72>;8BL @5F88 2>9B8 2 2>9=C 8 A G5ABLN 2K?>;=8BL >1O70B5;LAB20. ! 2>5==>9 B>G:8 7@5=8O ?@O<0O ?><>IL @5F88 0@<859 2 !0;>=8:0E :070;0AL =5;5?>ABLN. @065A:85 0@<88 =0 2>AB>G=>9 8 A525@=>9 3@0=8F0E !5@188 :@CH8;8 8 =02>4=O;8 AB@0=C 4> ?>4E>40 ;N1>9 AB>@>==59 ?><>I8; A?0AB8 !5@18N :> 2@5<5=8 <>3;0 ;8HL @5F8O. <5AB5 A B5<, ?>;8B8G5A:85 @57>=K >1>4@8BL D8=K, ?>1C48BL 3@5:>2 : 459AB28N 3>2>@8;8 70 >B?@02:C A>N7=8G5A:8E A8; 2 !0;>=8:8. > BCB 2>7=8:0; 2>?@>A: >B:C40 27OBL 2>9A:0? >=5G=> 65, 701@0BL >B 0@40=5;; 8 B>;L:> >B 0@40=5;;. ?>A;54=85 4=8 A5=BO1@O, D@0=FC7A:0O 482878O 8 1@8B0=A:0O 482878O - 2AQ, GB> 1K;> 70?0A5=>, 2A5 2>9A:0, A?>A>1=K5 2>2@5=8:8, 1K;8 >B=OBK C BO6:> ?@5B5@?520NI59 0@<88 0<8;LB>=0.

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«3> 25;8G5AB2> A>>1I8; AM@ $@5=A8A -;8>B (6 >:BO1@O) 2AB@52>65= B5< >1AB>OB5;LAB2><, GB> 2>9A:0 ?>94CB 2 !0;>=8:8 >B 0@40=5;;. = 2848B 2 MB>< =0G0;> M20:C0F88 0;;8?>;8 8 4C<05B, GB> 2AO >A2>1>482H0OAO BC@5F:0O 0@<8O ?@84QB =0 ?><>IL 1>;30@0<ý».

>9A:0 C65 H;8 2 !0;>=8:8, 0 D;>B @8B0=88 >B3>@06820; 3@5G5A:89 ?>@B ?@>B82>;>4>G=K<8 A5BO<8, :>340 >=AB0=B8= A<5AB8; ?@83;0A82H53> A>N7=8:>2 5=875;>A0. !>N7=8G5A:85 A8;K >:070;8AL ?5@54 2@06451=>9, ?@>35@<0=A:>9 AB@0=>9, @5H82H59 >B1@>A8BL 2A5 >1O70B5;LAB20 ?5@54 !5@1859. @8G8= 84B8 2 !0;>=8:8 1>;55 =5 >AB020;>AL. > 2;0AB=K5 70I8B=8:8 >?5@0F88 2> $@0=F88 8 =3;88 >AB0;8AL ?@8 ?@56=5< <=5=88. !B@040=8O !5@188 2 5Q 157=04Q6=>9 AE20B:5 A ?@52>AE>4OI8<8 A8;0<8 2@030, ABK4 8 A:>@1L ?@8 2845 70B0?BK205<>3> <0;5=L:>3> A>N7=8:0, =525@85 2 >?5@0F8N C 0@40=5;; 8 CB><;5=85 >B 30;;8?>;89A:>9 4>:C:8 2AQ 2<5AB5 >1@0B8;>AL 2 2>;=C <=5=8O, 157> 2AO:>9 2>7<>6=>AB8 59 ?@>B828BLAO. / ?@>4>;60; =0AB0820BL, GB> 0@40=5;;K - C=825@A0;L=K9 :;NG :> 2A5< =0H8< ?@>1;5<0<, 0 <>@A:>5 D>@A8@>20=85 @>;82>2 - 548=AB25==K9 H0=A 87<5=8BL =0<5@5=8O >;30@88 8 A?0AB8 !5@18N >B @073@><0. ?;>BL 4> ?>A;54=53> G0A0 ?@>E>4 1@8B0=A:>3> D;>B0 2 @0<>@=>5 <>@5 <>3 87<5=8BL 2AQ. CABL 1>;30@K >B<>18;87>20;8AL ?@>B82 >4=>3> 87 A>N7>2: >=8 2?>;=5 <>3;8 @0725@=CBL 0@<8N 8 2 ?@>B82>?>;>6=>< =0?@02;5=88. 0;LDC@ 1K; 3>B>2 27OBL =0 A51O >B25BAB25==>ABL 70 =>2CN ?>?KB:C ?@>@K20, => ;8HL A A>3;0A8O 45 >15:0 8 5=@8 65:A>=0 3;020 4<8@0;B59AB20 =5 AG8B0; A51O 2?@025 459AB2>20BL G5@57 3>;>2K 04<8@0;0 8 ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40 8 =5 65;0; ?><5=OBL 8E =0 8=KE 8A?>;=8B5;59. 0< >AB020;>AL ;8HL >4=> 640BL :0B0AB@>DK.

018=5B, @02=> :0: 8 ?@028B5;LAB2> $@0=F88, =5 <>3;8 A845BL A;>60 @C:8. !B@0AB=>5 65;0=85 1@>A8BL 2>9A:0 =0 ?><>IL A5@10< 3>2>@8B A0<> 70 A51O. "5?5@L >B:@K;0AL BI5B0 =0<5@5=89 2>9A:0 =5 CA?520;8 : A@>:C. ?OB=8FC, 6 >:BO1@O, ?>A;5 60@:8E 8 A182G82KE 48A:CAA89 ?@028B5;LAB2> @5H8;> ?5@504@5A>20BL 70?CB0==>5 45;> A>2<5AB=><8@0;B59AB20 8 2>5==>3> 254>?@>A 'B> 45;0BL? ?5@540;8 A>1@0=8N 2>5==KE 8 <>@A:8E M:A?5@B>2 ?>4 ?@54A540B5;LAB2>< H5D0 3> 35=5@0;L=>3> HB010 8 ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40. AN AC11>BC 8 F5;>5 2>A:@5A5=L5 >D8F5@K 3>B>28;8 >BGQB 8 2 ?>=545;L=8:, 9 >:BO1@O, @0A?@>AB@0=8;8 4>:C<5=B A@548 <8=8AB@>2. 5=HB01 >AB0;AO 25@5= 273;O40< D@0=FC7A:>3> 25@E>2=>3> :><0=4>20=8O, =5 >B:;>=8;AO >B >1I5?@8=OB>3> <=5=8O 8 ?>@5:><5=4>20; 1@>A8BL 2AQ =0 ?@>4>;65=85 18B2K ?@8 >>A5: 2>5==K5 =045O;8AL 4>18BLAO @5H5=8O 8<5==> B0<. 87=L >?@>25@3;0 8E @0AGQB B>340 8 ?>A;5, 2 1915 3>4C, 2 1916 8 1917 3>4K. 59AB28B5;L=>, 1@8B0=A:0O 0@<8O ?@>4>;68;0 ;>>A:CN >?5@0F8N A> 2A59 2>7<>6=>9 ?>445@6:>9, 8AG5@?02 2AQ, 4> ?>A;54=53> A=0@O40, => B0: 8 =5 A<>3;0 ?@>@20BL 35@<0=A:CN >1>@>=C; 1>;55 B>3> =5<5F:85 :>=B@0B0:8 >B=O;8 C =0A GCBL ;8 =5 2A5 ?5@2>=0G0;L=K5 ?@8>1@5B5=8O. 1916 3>4C, =0 !><<5, 8 2 1917 ?@8 0H5=459;5 - AM@ C3;0A %593 ?>B@0B8; =58<>25@=K5 :>;8G5AB20 A=0@O4>2 8 687=59, => B0: 8 =5 4>18;AO @5H8B5;L=>3> CA?5E0; :0: <>3 ?@5CA?5BL 6>= $@5=G A> A:C4=K<8 @5AC@A0<8 1915 3>40? B> 2@52A5<5AB=> ?@8=OB0O 2>5==0O 4>:B@8=0 =8:0: =5 A>>B25BAB2>20;0 @50;L=>9 687=8: B0:, 35=HB01 2AQ 5IQ ?> ?@>@K25 35@<0=A:>9 >1>@>=K :020;5@89A:8<8 <0AA0<8. 'B> 1C45B 45;0BL :>==8F0, :>340 8 5A;8 >:065BAO 70 2@065A:>9 ;8=859, =8:0: =5 >1JOA=O;>AL.

> ?5@594O >B 3;02=>3> 2>?@>A0 - =0ABC?;5=8O 2> $@0=F88 : 2>AB>G=K< 45;0< A> 2A59 8E A?5F8D8:>9, 0@<59A:89 35=HB01 8 HB01 4<8@0;B59AB20 =5?@5@5:05<> 2KA:070;8AL ?@>B82 !0;>=8:, 2 ?>;L7C 40@40=5;;LA:>9 >?5@0F88. !020B5;L=K5 =0AB>O=8O =0 ?5@540G5 B@C4=KE 2>?@>A>2 15A?@8AB@0AB=> ?@>D5AA8>=0;L=>1@0=8N <>@A:8E 8 2>5==KE >D8F5@>2 1K;8 A;KH=K 8<5==> >B 70I8B=8:>2 A0;>=8:A:>3> ?;0=0. =8 0?5;;8@>20;8 8<5==> : MB>2>;LAB285< 2KA;CH0;8 53> <=5=85.

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«=0F8>=0;L=>3> 548=AB20» 2 CI5@1 687=5==> =5>1E>48<. 0B5< =0G0;8AL B@C4=>AB8 A D@0=FC70<8.

B><5=8 ?@028B5;LAB2> $@0=F88 2A5< A5@4F5< >1@0B8;>AL : !0;>=8:0<. 0@86 >1JO28; > =0<5@5=88 ?>A;0BL !0@@09;O A 0@<859 8<5==> BC40 8 ?@8=O;AO C15640BL =0A > ?><>I8 2A5< 2>7<>6=K<. 018=5B >B:;8:=C;AO =>2>9 G5@54>9 48A:CAA89 AB>8B ;8 ?>25@=CBL 2 !0;>=8:8 84CI85 B5?5@L 2 38?5B 2>9A:0 8 B5< >B<5=8BL 2A5 1C4CI85 ?>?KB:8 >B:@KBL @>;82K? 0 @5H5=85< >?OBL >1@0B8;8AL : 2>5==K< 02B>@8B5B0<, 35=HB01 >B25B8; 4>:C<5=B>< ?>A;54>202H85 A>1KB8O ?>4B25@48;8 53> 4>A;>2=> > =52>7<>6=>AB8 ?><>GL A5@10<, >1 >?0A=>ABOE A0;>=8:A:>3> ?;0=0, > 15A?;>4=>9, ?CAB>9 B@0B5 A8; =0 =525@=> 2K1@0==>< =0?@02;5=88. 8=8AB@K 2>>@C68;8AL =542CA<8 @5:><5=40F8O<8 2>5==KE 8 <>@A:8E A?5F80;8AB>2 8 >B25@3;8 D@0=FC7A:85 ?@54;>65=8O. @8B0=A:85 4828788, A >1I53> A>3;0A8O, ?@>4>;68;8 ?CBL 2 38?5B 4;O ?5@5>A=0I5=8O B0< AC1B@>?8G5A:8< A=0@O65=85< 8 B.?. A;54 70 >B:07>< 0@86 =0?@028; 2 >=4>= >DD@0. >A;5 ?>@065=8O 2 (0 = C65 =5 <>3 ?@>B828BLAO B2Q@4K< =0AB>O=8O< ?@028B5;LAB20 8 G@572KG09=> >?0A0;AO C45@6820BL !0@@09;O 2 0@865. >DD@ ?@81K; 8 2AB@5B8;AO A 254CI8<8 G;5=0<8 018=5B0. A:28B =0 =5:>B>@>5 2@5AB028; 45;0 ?> 1>;57=8 8 A>25I0=8O ?@>H;8 157 =53>. / =5 1K; ?@83;0HQ= =0 ?5@53>2>@K A >DD@><, ?@8G8=>9 AB0;0 <>O 2A5< 8725AB=0O =5?>40B;82>ABL. >A;5 :>=D5@5=F88 ?@028B5;LAB2> ?@>8=D>@<8@>20;8, GB> ?> @CG0B5;LAB2C 8 <=5=8N >DD@0 A0;>=8:A:0O M:A?548F8O =5>1E>48<0, ?@0:B8G5A:8 F5;5A>>1@07=0 8 GB> >DD@ 3@>78B C9B8 A ?>AB0 :><0=4CNI53>, 5A;8 >AB0=5BAO 157 459AB25==>3> A>B@C4=8G5AB20 0=3;8G0=. 8=8AB@K >BABC?8;8 ?5@54 2>79 C3@>7>9 >DD@0 8, 2>?@5:8 2A5?@>B82;5=8N 35=HB010, ?@5=51@53;8 OA=K< A>25B>< 1@8B0=A:8E 2>5==KE.

>A;54=89 0:B 1@8B0=A:>9 ?>;8B8:8 ?CABL 70?>740;K9 8 1LNI89 <8<> F5;8 2AQ 65 =5 ;8HQ= =5:>B>@>3> 25;8G8O. !;54CNI55 70O2;5=85 1K;> A45;0=> 12 >:BO1@O, 42C< AB@0=0< - C

 

!53>4=O 548=AB25==> 459AB25==K9 A?>A>1 ?><>GL !5@188 =5<54;5==>5 >1JO2;5=85 2>9=K C-5=3@88 8 >;30@88. MB>< A;CG05 ?@028B5;LAB2> @8B0=88 3>B>2> ?>4?8A0BL A C5==CN :>=25=F8N 8 30@0=B8@>20BL 0@<8N 4;O 0;:0=: >B 200 000 G5;>25: 157 CGQB0 2>9A: AB>OI8E B5?5@L =0 0;;8?>;8. A;8 D@0=FC7K >AB0=CBAO ?@8 A53>4=OH=8E =0<5@5=8OE 8 >B?@02OB A2>8 A8;K, >=8 2>94CB 2 C:070==>5 2KH5 G8A;>; 5A;8 =5B ?@028B5;LAB2> @8B0=88 ?@54>AB028B 2A5 2>9A:0 ?>;=>ABLN.

K A>15@Q< M:A?548F8>==K9 :>@?CA 87 ;CGH8E, A0AB028< 53> =0 <5AB>, 8 1C45< 2>520BL 70 =0H8E A>N7=8:>2, ?>:0 =5 4>1LQ9A:0 1C4CB ?>4020BLAO =0 D@>=B 157 ?5@5@K20, ?5@2K5 G0AB8 C94CB A@07C 65 70 3>B>2=>ABLN B@0=A?>@B>2. K >68405<, GB> 150 000 1C4CB =0 <5AB5 : :>=FC =>O1@O, G8A;> 2 200 000 1C45B 4>AB83=CB> : :>=FC 3>40.

">G=K5 40BK ?>4E>40 @07;8G=KE G0AB59 0@<88 >?@545;8B 2>5==0O :>=25=F8O. K ?5@540Q< MB> 70O2;5=85 2 CE0@5AB 8 D8=K, 8 5A;8 CB>20 459AB2>20BL =5<54;5==>, =0AB>OB5;L=> ?@87K205< @5F8N 2K?>;=8BL 40==K5 !5@188 >1O70B5;LAB20.

 

4CE>B2>@Q==K9 ?@87K2 2K720;8 : 687=8 C65 =587156=K5 =5AG0ABLO, => B@8 <5AOF0 =0704 MB>B 65 <0=8D5AB <>3 1K >B2@0B8BL 154C. 15I0==0O B5?5@L 0@<8O =0 0;;8?>;8 8;8 0780BA:>< 15@53C 2 023CAB5 8;8 A5=BO1@5 >4>;5;0 1K BC@>:, =0?@O3H8E B>340 2A5 A2>8 A8;K 4> :@09=53> ?@545;0 8 >1@0B8;0 1K ?>@065=85 2 ?>154C =0 2AQ< 2>AB>:5. > 3@0=48>7=>5 >15I0=85 70?>740;>; >=> =5 AB0;> 8B>3>< :0:8E-B> ?;0=>2, => ?>O28;>AL ;8HL ?>4 402;5=85< >1AB>OB5;LAB2. K 27K20;8 : 3;CE8<. 8 C<.

03>=88 A>1KB89, 2 >BAB02:C CH;8 -420@4 0@A>= 87-70 =52>7<>6=>AB8 ?><>GL !5@188 8 5;L:0AA5 2 ?>?KB:5 ?>25@=CBL E>4 45;.

9 >:BO1@O ?> 0;:0=0< ?>:0B8;AO A>:@CH8B5;L=K9 HB>@<. 0:5=75= ?5@5HQ; C=09 A 452OBLN 35@<0=A:8<8 8 02AB@89A:8<8 482878O<8 8 2>HQ; 2 5;3@04 A A525@0. '5@57 420 4=O 1>;30@K ?>H;8 ?> !5@188 A 2>AB>:0. !B@0=0 ?>?0;0 2 A<5@B5;L=K5 :;5I8. #A:C1 ?0; 22 >:BO1@O, 8H 2 =>O1@O. A;54CNI5< <5AOF5 2@038 70E20B8;8 >=0AB8@ 8, : A5@548=5 45:01@O, A5@1>2 ?>;=>ABLN @0718;8, >AB0B:8 0@<88 CH;8 A @>4=>9 75<;8.

>;30@K A28@5?> ?@5A;54>20;8 >BABC?0NI8E A5@1>2, 725@AB2>20;8 =04 =0A5;5=85<,  78<0 4>1028;0 : C60A0< 2>9=K. 5770I8B=K5 ;N48 C<8@0;8 >B ;8H5=89 45AOB:0<8 BKAOG, AB@0=C B5@70;8 8 ?@82>48;8 : ?>;=>9 ?>:>@=>AB8; AB>@>==85 B5?5@L =01;N40B5;8 - 0=3;>-D@0=FC7K - :>?8;8 A8;K 2 !0;>=8:0E, A>N7=8G5A:0O 0@<8O =0 0;;8?>;8 @07;030;0AL, 0 1@8B0=A:89 D;>B C 0@40=5;; - 157459AB2>20;.


;020 36. B:07 >B 0@40=5;;.

 

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

 

0:>2K, ?> 20H59 >F5=:5 >:06CBAO ?>B5@8 ?@8 M20:C0F88 0;;8?>;8 - 5A;8 MB> 1C45B @5H5=> 8 5A;8 <5< 2A52>7<>6=K5 <5@K ?@54>AB>@>6=>AB8?...

 

/= 0<8;LB>= 5IQ 4> B5;53@0<1 M20:C0F88. = =0720; 5Q «=5<ý». B25B 0<8;LB>=0 >B 12 >:BO1@O.

 

A;8 =5 ?@54020BLAO A0<>>1<0=C, CE>4 A 0;;8?>;8 >1>94QBAO ?> <5=LH59 <5@5 2 ?>;>28=C >1I59 G8A;5==>AB8 0@<88; ?><8<> MB>3> B5@O5< A:;04K, ?>4286=>9 A>AB02, ;>H0459, >@C48O 0@B8;;5@88 =587156=> >AB020BLAO =0 15@53C 4> ?>A;54=53>& 0AAG8BK20BL =0 ACI5AB25==> <5=LH89 C@>= 7=0G8B ?>;030BLAO =0 25;8:CN C40GC.[55]

 

14 >:BO1@O ?>A;54>20;> @5H5=85 - >B>720BL 0<8;LB>=0 8 70<5=8BL 53> =0 >=@>, :><0=48@0 >4=>9 87 0@<89 2> $@0=F88; 35=5@0;0, 2A5F5;> ?@>=8:=CB>3> 70?04=K<8 845O<8; 2>5=0G0;L=8:0 87 :@C30 ?@825@65=F52 AB@0B538G5A:>9 :>=F5?F88 «C18209B5 =5

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

>;3> 640BL =5 ?@8H;>AL. 5=5@0; >=@> =5 70<54;8; A @5H5=85<. @8HQ;, C2845;, :0?8BC;8@>20;. >2K9 :><0=4CNI89 8 53> HB01 ?@81K;8 : 0@40=5;;0< 28 >:BO1@O 8 C65 =0 A;54CNI89 45=L =5 3>2>@8;8 =8 > GQ< :@><5 M20:C0F88. "@84F0B>3> >:BO1@O >=@> A>HQ; =0 ?>;C>AB@>2, => =5 AB0; 40;5:> CE>48BL >B 15@530 8 2A53> 70 6 G0A>2 CA?5; >7=0:><8BLAO A >1AB0=>2:>9 =0 15-<8;L=>< D@>=B5 , 2 A5:B>@0E !C2;K, %5;;5A0 8 >1@>=8BL =5A:>;L:> @0AE>;06820NI8E A;>2 ?5@54 @C:>2>4OI8<8 >D8F5@0< =0 :064>< CG0AB:5. ><0=48@K 4828789 ?@8=O;8 =>2>5 =0G0;LAB2> :064K9 2 A2>Q< HB015; A =8<8 A>AB>O;8AL >B45;L=K5 15A54K. >=@> >?@>A8; 2A5E :><482>2 2 A;54CNI5< 4CE5: «@54?>;>68<, ?>?>;=5=89 >6840BL =5 ?@8E>48BAO A<>65B5 ;8 2K C45@60BL ?>78F88 ?>A;5 ?>4E>40 : =5?@8OB5;N A8;L=KE ?>4:@5?;5=89, A BO6Q;K<8 >@C48O<8, ?@8 =5>3@0=8G5==>9 ?>AB02:5 A=0@O4>2 87 5@<0=88?» 5=5@0; A>1@0; :>;;5:F8N =5A><=5==KE >B25B>2 =0 A2>9 2>?@>A 8 25@=C;AO =0 <1@>A. >;55 :><0=4CNI89 >=@> =5 AE>48; =0 30;;8?>;89A:85 15@530. 3> =0G0;L=8: HB010, 3>@OG89 - ?>4>1=> A2>5>1I5 >1>HQ;AO 157 ?>A5I5=89 ?>;C>AB@>20. 31 >:BO1@O >=@> >B?@028; 2 >=4>= B5;53@0D=CN @5:><5=40F8N >G8AB8BL 0;;8?>;8 8 A>25@H5==> ?@5:@0B8BL :0 53> A>1AB25==><=5=8N, ;L:> 2AQ 45;>, => >B B@84F0B8 4> A>@>:0 ?@>F5=B>2 0@<88, B> 5ABL >:>;> A>@>:0 BKAOG G5;>25:. >=@> 1K; 3>B>2 ?>9B8 =0 MB>. '5@57 420 4=O >= 2@5<5==> ?>@CG8; 40@40=5;;LA:CN 0@<8N 35=5@0;C Q@42C4C 8 >B1K; 2 38?5B.

«-20:C0F8>==0O» B5;53@0<<0 >=@> C40@8;0 3@><>< A OA=>3> =510; 8BG5=5@ 8A?KB0; A8;L=59H55 ?>B@OA5=85 8 B>BG0A 2KABC?8; 2> 2A59 A2>59 <>I8, A> 2A5< =5A38105@AB2>< =0H53> =0F8>=0;L=>3> E0@0:B5@0.

 

8BG5=5@, 35=5@0;C Q@42C4C.

3 =>O1@O, 1915.

!>25@H5==> A5:@5B=>.

0< 8725AB5= 4>:;04 >=@>. !>18@0NAL : 20<; 2K5760N 702B@0 25G5@><. / 2845;AO A :0?8B0=>< 897>< 8 C25@5=, GB> 4<8@0;B59AB2> A>3;0A8BAO =0 ?>?KB:C D>@A8@>20BL @>;82K. 0< =5>1E>48<> 2A52>7<>6=> ?><>GL 8< - ?>;030N, 0@<8O 4>;6=0 70E20B8BL ?5@5H55: >4=>2@5<5==> A ?@>E>4>< :>@01;59 2> @0<>@=>5 <>@5, 70B5< C45@6820BL C;08@ 8 B5< >15A?5G8BL A=0165=85 D;>B0, 5A;8 BC@:8 >AB0=CBAO =0 0;;8?>;8.

"I0B5;L=> ?>415@8B5 =08;CGH55 <5AB> 4;O 2KA04:8 2>7;5 1>;>B, 2 25@=59 G0AB8 70;820 A5@>A =04> ?5@5@570BL ?5@5H55: ?@8 <>@A:>9 ?>445@6:5 A >158E AB>@>=. >9A:0 ?@84QBAO >B18@0BL A D@>=B0 >AB02LB5 2 B@0=H5OE ;8HL =5>1E>48<8=87<>6=>, ?@84QBAO C9B8 87 A5:B>@0 !C2;K. A5 ;CGH85 1>9FK, 2:;NG0O 20H8E ?0@=59 87 0, 2A5, :>3> O A<>3C 701@0BL 87 38?B0, 2A5 4> 548=>3> G5;>25:0 4>;6=K A>1@0BLAO 2 C4@>A5, 2 ?>;=>9 3>B>2=>AB8 : 45;C.

A:>@>< 2@5<5=8, 2>7<>6=K 87<5=5=8O A@548 :><0=4>20=8O D;>B><. >@A:CN G0ABL 45;0 ?@54;>65=> 25AB8 #M<8AAC.

'B> :0A05BAO 0@<88: 2K ?>;CG8B5 ?>4 =0G0;> 2A5 A8;K, BI0B5;L=> >B15@QB5 2>9A:0 8 :><0=48@>2. 5:><5=4CN >40, $M=H>, 0@H0;;0, 59B>=0, >4;8 8 >:A0; ?@>G8E >AB02LB5 C45@6820BL D@>=B. >60;C9AB0, A>AB02LB5 ?;0= 8;8 @07@01>B09B5 0;LB5@=0B82=K9, 5A;8 ?@84C<05B5 ;CGH5. K =5 4>;6=K >H818BLAO =0 MB>B @07.

/ A>25@H5==> >B25@30N 2AO:CN 1 M20:C0F88 >=0 AB0=5B 25;8:8< =5AG0ABL5< 8 >1@5GQB >3@><=>5 G8A;> =0H8E ;N459 =0 A<5@BL 8;8 ?;5=.

>=@> 1C45B =07=0G5= :><0=48@>< =04 A0;>=8:A:8<8 A8;0<8.

 

-B> 1K; 8AB8==K9 8BG5=5@. ;0<5==0O B5;53@0<<0 1K; 8;8 =5B C;08@ ;CGH8< <5AB><, =5 ACBL 206=> =0?8A0=0 :0: 4>;6=>, C65< @8B0=A:>9 3> 25@8;8 <8;;8>=K @5H8B5;L=K<, C25@5==K< 2 A515, 87>1@5B0B5;L=K< G5;>25:>< A> ;L28=K< A5@4F5<.

#2K, => =0 A;54CNI89 45=L:

 

8BG5=5@ 35=5@0;C Q@42C4C.

4 =>O1@O 1915.

/ ?@854C, :0: =07=0G5=>& '5< 4>;LH5 O @07 ?@>1;5<5, B5< EC65 ?>=8<0N, :0: <>6=> @073@><8BL 2@030; 4C<0N, 20< ;CGH5 B8E> 8 2B09=5 ?>@01>B0BL =04 :0:8<-B> ?;0=>< C2>40 2>9A: A ?>;C>AB@>20.

 

>A?>;L7C5< 2@065A:85 ;8=88 8 ?>A<>B@8<, :0: >F5=820;8 ?>;>65=85 35@<0=A:85 2>5==K5 A?5F80;8ABK. >48= 8 B>B 65 45=L, 31 >:BO1@O, 35=5@0; >=@> ?>A;0; 8BG5=5@C B5;53@0<1 M20:C0F88, 0 04<8@0; D>= #754>< 2K ?><=8B5, :><0=4CNI89 :@5?>ABO<8 0@40=5;; 8 2A59 15@53>2>9 >1>@>=>9 ?@>;82>2 >B?@028; :0975@C 4>=5A5=85 >1> 2A5E A>1KB8OE ?@>H54H53> <5AOF0.

= ?8H5B: «>A;5 B>3>, :0: 2@065A:>5 =0ABC?;5=85, >B:@KB>5 2KA04:>9 7 023CAB0 : A525@C >B @81C@=C, 70H;> 2 BC?8:, 6840;8 =>2>9, A5@LQ7=>9 0B0:8, => MB>3> =5 ?@>87>H;>. :>=F5 A5=BO1@O CG0AB8;8AL 4>=5A5=8O > 42865=8OE 2>9A: 8 B@0=A?>@B0. =D>@<0F8O 87 !0;>=8: ?>4B25@6405B, GB> BC40 84CB A8;K, A=OBK5 A 40@40=5;;LA:>3> D@>=B0. /, 2<5AB5 A B5<, =5 4C<0N, GB> 2@03 >AB028B ?>78F88 157 BO6Q;>9 1>@L1K. G8AB:0 ?>;C>AB@>20 ?>B@51C5B BI0B5;L=59H59 0@B8;;5@89A:>9 ?>43>B>2:8, => 4;O =5Q C =0A, =0 <5AB5, =54>AB0B>G=> A=0@O4>2».

 

0;55 04<8@0; ?>4@>1=> >?8AK205B B@52>6=>5 A>AB>O=85 15@53>2KE D>@B>2 ?>A;5 ?>AB>O==KE 87JOB89 <>18;L=>9 0@B8;;5@88, 2 >A>15==>AB8 30C18F >A=>2K 2A59 >1>@>=8B5;L=>9 A8AB5<05 8 8N=5 C #754><0 701@0;8 A>@>: 452OBL 30C18F 8 ?>;52KE ?CH5: A 70?0A0<8 A=0@O4>2; 2 023CAB5 8 A5=BO1@5 2K=C48;8 >B40BL 5IQ 4204F0BL >4=> >@C485 87 G8A;0 A0 206=0O 4;O @>;82>2 ?>;>A0 ?@><56CB>G=KE D>@B>2 =0AG8BK20;0 ;8HL 4204F0BL <>18;L=KE <>@B8@ 8 30C18F.

"5< 2@5<5=5< :><<>4>@ 897, =0G0;L=8: HB010 45 >15:0 >BG0O;AO ?@>AB0820BL C @>;82>2. = 1K; C1564Q=, GB> D;>B, 2 ;N1>5 2@5A;5 4>;6=>9 ?>43>B>2:8, A<>65B D>@A8@>20BL 0@40=5;;K 8 2>9B8 2 @0<>@=>5 <>@5 >AB02H8<8AO, => 4>AB0B>G=K<8 A8;0<8. 0 ;5B> <>@A:>9 HB01 ?>4 @C:>2>4AB2>< 8970 A>AB028; ?;0= >?5@0F88. "5?5@L HB01=K5 @01>BK 70:>=G8;8AL 8 897 >1JO28;, GB> C25@5= 2 CA?5E5. #25@5==>ABL :><<>4>@0 ?>;=>ABLN @0745;O; :>=B@-04<8@0; #M<8AA. = 1K; AB0@H5 45 >15:0 ?> 720=8N, => =0:0=C=5 18 <0@B0 A>3;0A8;AO =0 2B>@CN @>;L ?@8 C?>1AB>OB5;LAB20E. 1C4CI5<, E0@0:B5@ 8 @0AAC48B5;L=>ABL :>=B@-04<8@0;0 #M<8AA0 2>7=5ACB 53> 4> ?5@2>3> <>@A:>3> ;>@40, 8 >= 2K=5A5B =0 3;02=>< <>@A:>< ?>ABC 2AN BO65ABL ?>A;54=8E G5BK@=04F0B8 <5AOF52 2>9=K. "5< A0A?5:B825, <=5=85 53> 25AL<0 02B>@8B5B=>. > >15: =5 ?@8=O; A>2<5AB=>3> >1@0I5=8O A2>8E 70<5AB8B5;O 8 =0G0;L=8:0 HB010. ">340 897 ?>?@>A8; C2>;8BL 53> >B 4>;6=>AB8, >B?CAB8BL 4><>9 8 B5< 40BL 2>7<>6=>ABL 4>;>68BL ?;0= @C:>2>4AB2C 4<8@0;B59AB20. 5 >15: 2K:070; 1;03>@>4AB2>. = ?>?@>A8; 8970 =5 CE>48BL A ?>AB0, ?@54>AB028; 5B?CA: 2 AB>;8FC, 40; ?>;=CN A2>1>4C 459AB289 8 ?@54;>68; >BAB0820BL <=5=85 2 G5AB=>9 1>@L15, => 2<5AB5 A B5< =5 CB08;, GB> A0< =5 2>7LB25BAB25==>ABL 70 A;54CNICN <>@A:CN ?>?KB:C =8 ?@8 :0:8E >1AB>OB5;LAB20E. ><<>4>@ >B?@028;AO 4><>9 8 ?@81K; 2 >=4>= 28 >:BO1@O.

;0= 8970 70<5G0B5;L=> A<5;. ><<>4>@ >B25@3 2AN ?>AB5?5==>ABL: 548=AB25==> 2>7<>6=K9, ?> >1I5340 <=5=8N, <5B>4 0B0:8. >@01;8 D;>B0 @0A?@545;ONBAO ?> G5BK@Q< MA:04@0<, B@8 87 =8E 84CB 2 0B0:C, 2 B> 2@5445@68205B 0@<8N A <>@O. B>@0O MA:04@0 A>AB02;5=0 87 2>AL<8 AB0@KE 1@>=5=>AF52 8 :@59A5@>2; G5BK@5 ;8=:>@0 87 G8A;0 A0B0NB B@0=A?>@B0<8 A=0165=8O, <0:A8<0;L=> 2>7<>6=>5 G8A;> D0;LH82KE 1@>=5=>AF52 2<5AB5 A B>@3>2K<8 AC40<8 2>7OB C3>;L 8 1>5?@8?0AK. A5 ?5@5G8A;5==K5 :>@01;8 >1>@C4>20=K <8=>@0AB0;:820B5;O<8. B>@0O MA:04@0 84QB 2 @>;82K; ?5@54 =59 G5BK@5 ;CGH8E =0 D;>B5 B@0;LI8:0; 70 =59 2>A5<8=F52 8 420 ?>8A:>2KE :>@01;O. B0:0 =0G8=05BAO =5704>;3> 4> 70@8, MA:04@0 ?@>E>48B BQ<=CN G0ABL ?CB8 4> @0AA25B0 8, A ?5@2K< A25B><, 84QB G5@57 #7>AB8 =0 2A5E ?0@0E. 897 ?@54;>68; ;8G=> 2>73;028BL ?@>@K2. > 53> B2Q@4>5 B@0;5=85, <8=>@0AB0;:820B5;8, 4K<>20O 7025A0, B5<=>B0 8 2=570?=>ABL ?>72>;OB E>BO 1K ?>;>28=5 MA:04@K 2K9B8 70 030@C. K682H85 1@>=5=>AFK =5<54;5==> 0B0:CNB D>@BK #7>AB59 A BK;0, A A>25@H5==> =570I8IQ==>9 AB>@>=K.

MB> 65 2@54=>2@5<5==> A> B>@>9 MA:04@>9, 5@20O MA:04@0 «>@4 5;LA>=», «30<5<=>=», «-:A@01;O, «;>@8» 8 «0=>?CA» 2 A>?@>2>645=88 G5BK@QE AB>@>6528:>2 8 45AOB8 MA<8=F52 4;O B@0;5=8O <8= - 0B0:C5B D>@BK A=87C, A 3@0=8FK <8==>3> ?>;O C <>=8B>@0, «!28DBHC@» 8 ?OBL :@59A5@>2 8;8 ;Q3:8E :@59A5@>2 ?@8:@K20NB 0@<8N 8 459AB2CNB 24>;L ?>;C>AB@>20, ?><>30O 2 4CM;8 A D>@B0<8 #7>AB59.

><10@48@>2:0 15@53>2KE C:@5?;5=89 2A5<8 B@5<8 8 B@0;5=85 <8==>3> ?>;O 8 157 B>3> @07@CH5==>3> ?@>E>4>< B>@>9 MA:04@K 4>;6=K 1K;8 25AB8AL =5>A;01=> 8 >4=>2@5<5==>. 5B0;L=K9 <5<>@0=4C< HB010 @0A?8AK20; :064K9 H03 3;02=>9 0B0:8: HBC@< <>3 @0ABO=CBLAO =0 420 8;8 4065 =0 B@8 ?@8 =5>1E>48<>AB8 4=O; 70B5< 5@20O MA:04@0 ?>;CG0;0 ?@8:07 84B8 @>;820<8. :@0BF5, 897 A>E@0=8; ?@8=F8?80;L=CN >A=>2C ?@56=53> ?;0=0 @07@CH5=85 D>@B>2 ?@O4>;68B5;L=K< >3=Q< 2<5AB5 A >4=>2@5<5==>9 @0AG8AB:>9 <8==KE ?>;59, => 4>1028; ?@5420@8B5;L=K9, O@>AB=K9, =5>6840==K9 1@>A>:: AB0@K5 :>@01;8 @20;8 >1>@>=C, 2KB@0;820;8 8 @CH8;8 <8==K9 ?>OA, AB0=>28;8AL =0 ?>78F8N 70 D>@B0<8 8 18;8 ?> =8< A BK;0. «(B01 @5:><5=4C5B ?8A0; :><<>4>@ 897 A>G5B0=85 ?@5420@8B5;L=>3> ?@>@K20 A @07<5@5==K< =0ABC?;5=85<: B0:>2> >1I55 <=5=85 @O40 >?KB=KE >D8F5@>2; < =0 <>@A:>< HBC@<5 @>;82>2 B2Q@4> 8 A C25@5==>ABLN 2 CA?5E5. >1540 >AB028B 4;O BC@5F:>9 0@<88 =0 0;;8?>;8 548=AB25==K9 ?CBL A=0165=8O ?> C;08@A:>< B@52>68BL MBC 4>@>3C 4=Q< 8 =>GLN». 0:>=5F, ?;0= 45B0;L=> @0A?8AK20; ?>@O4>: A=0165=8O :>@01;59, CA?5H=> ?@>@202H8EAO 2 @0<>@=>< <>@5. < ?@54AB>O;> >?5@8@>20BL ?@>B82 BC@5F:8E :><

B>@>3> =>O1@O ?@5<8=8AB@ @5>@30=87>20; >5==K9 A>25B 8;8 B0: 53> 25;8G0;8 4> MB>3> 0@40=5;;LA:89 :><8B5B. >2K9 >@30= ?>;CG8; =0720=85 «>5==>3> :><8B5B0»; G;5=0<8 53> >AB0;8AL ?@5<8=8AB@, 0;LDC@, 8BG5=5@, -420@4 @59 8 ;>94-6>@46. '5@57 45AOBL 4=59, ?>4 402;5=85< :>=A5@20B>@>2 4>1028;8 8 >=0@0 >C. 5=O 8A:;NG8;8. K;> >1JO2;5=>, GB> ><8B5B >B25G05B ?5@54 ?@028B5;LAB2>< 70 25AL E>4 2>9=K. 3 =>O1@O ><8B5B A>1@0;AO 70 >1AC645=85< M20:C0F88 0@40=5;;. =0AB@>5=88 8BG5=5@0 2 MB>B A0G=>AB8 3>2>@8B 53> B5;53@0<<0 Q@42C4C. > MB>3> D5;L4<0@H0; CA?5; 70?@>A8BL >=@>: A>3;0A=K ;8 A =8< :>@?CA=K5 :><0=48@K =0 ?>;C>AB@>25 8 ?>;CG8; >B25B 35=5@0; 8=3 >4>1@8; M20:C0F8N 8 AG8B05B 2>7<>6=K< 45;>< C9B8 87 A5:B>@0 !C2;K 157 1>;LH8E ?>B5@L; 35=5@0; M28A, :><0=4CNI89 C %5;;5A0, A>3;0A5= A >=@>, => 35=5@0; Q@42C4 :><0=48@ 0 M20:C0F88 2>A?@>B828;AO. @8H;0 B5;53@0<<0 8 >B 35=5@0;0 0:A25;;0: :><0=4CNI89 2 38?B5 ?> A2>59 8=8F80B825 8 =57028A8<> 2KA:070;AO 70 40;L=59H85 CA8;8O =0 0;;8?>;8. B0:, <=5=8O 2>5==KE @0745;8;8AL. ><8<> ?@>G53>, ?5@54 ><8B5B>< ;560; ?;0= 8970, >4>1@5==K9 #M<8AA><. >5==K9 HB01 4<8@0;B59AB20 =5 ?@8=O; ?> =5?@545;Q==>3> @5H5=8O. 897 1K; ;8HL :0?8B0=>< 2 @0=35 :><<>4>@0. 3> 7=0;8 :0: 15AAB@0H=>3> 8 40@>28B>3> >D8F5@0 157> 2AO:>3>, 2?@>G5<, >?KB0 A>;84=>3> :><0=4>20=8O; 02B>@8B5B 8970 =5 <>3 ?5@525A8BL >B@8F0B5;L=>3> <=5=8O 45 >15:0. A;8 1K 2 B>B G0A 897 2KABC?8; ?5@54 AC4LO<8 2> 2A59 ?@54AB>OI59 548B5;O C2@A:>3> ?0B@C;O, 5A;8 1K >= 2K;>68; ?5@54 :>=AC;0<8 25@8B5;L=K5 3@0<>BK 35@>O 51@N335 8AB>@8O 5;8:>9 2>9=K <>3;0 1K A5@LQ7=> C:>@>B8BLAO.

?>4>1=KE >1AB>OB5;LAB20E =>2>5==><8B5BC AB0;> =5B@C4=> >B;>68BL @>:>2>5 @5H5=85. 8BG5=5@ >B?@028;AO : 0@40=5;;0< 4;O >A<>B@0 =0 <5AB5 8 2K@01>B:8 40;L=59H8E @5:><5=40F89. >5==K9 <8=8AB@ >B1K; 87 >=4>=0 4 =>O1@O, 2 >G5284=>< @0A?>;>65=88 : ?;0=C 8970. MB>< 4CE5 8 25AL<0 @5H8B5;L=> >= 3>2>@8; 2 0@865, ?@8:070; 897C >7=0:><8BL A ?;0=>< D@0=FC7A:>3> <>@A:>3> <8=8AB@0 - B5?5@L 04<8@0;0 0:070 - 8 A;54>20BL : 0@40=5;;0< A> 2A59 ?>A?5H=>ABLN. 0:07 A>25@H5==> >4>1@8; ?;0= 8 >15I0; ?><>GL 45;C H5ABLN AB0@K<8 D@0=FC7A:8<8 1@>=5=>AF0<8.

9 =>O1@O 8BG5=5@ ?@81K; : 0@40=5;;0<. 8G=K9 >A<>B@ 2>9A: 8 >1>@>=K C1548; 53>, GB> A>;40BK C45@60B ?>78F88 2?;>BL 4> ?>4E>40 >G5=L :@C?=KE 35@<0=A:8E A8; =5 1;87:0O ?5@A?5:B820. > 2AB@5G0 A 45 >15:>< ?@>H;0 157 8970, 8 8BG5=5@ >B1@>A8; A;54CNI59 <>@A:>9 ?>?KB:5. <5AB> MB>3> >= 70O28; > =>2>9 2KA04:5 2 OAA - ?>@BC 2 70;825 ;5:A0=4@5BB0 - A 42>9=>9 F5;LN: ?@53@048BL BC@:0< ?CBL 2 38?5B 8 ?@8:@KBL 3@O4CI89 CE>4 A 0;;8?>;8. ;0= MB>B =5 ?@8=O;8 =8 4<8@0;B59AB2>, =8 >5==K9 :><8B5B. AB5AB25==>, GB> <8=8AB@K 8 157 B>3> >1@5<5=Q==K5 !0;>=8:0<8 8 0@40=5;;0<8 =5 70E>B5;8 22O7K20BLAO 2 =>2>5, A>25@H5==> >B45;L=>5 ?@54?@8OB85 A> 2A?><>30B5;L=K<8, 2 ;CGH5< A;CG05, F5;O<8. 018=5B >B:070; 8BG5=5@C 8 ?@54;>68; 5:>=G0B5;L=K< @5H5=85< > AC4L15 0;;8?>;8 4> :>=D5@5=F88 2 0@865 A>N7=8G5A:>5 A>25I0=85 A>18@0;>AL G5@57 =5A:>;L:> 4=59.

4=> ;8HL GC2AB2> =5>?;0G5==>3> 4>;30 ?@825;> <5=O 2 =>2>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> 2 :>=F5 <0O, ?>A;5 CE>40 87 4<8@0;B59AB20. / 1K; >1O70= ?>445@60BL 40@40=5;;LA:>5 45;> 2A5<8 2>7<>6=K<8 A?>A>10<8, 8 =045O;AO 2>A?>;L7>20BLAO <5AB>< 2 >5==>< A>25B5. ">;L:> ?> MB>9 ?@8G8=5 O A>3;0A8;AO =0 A8=5:C@C. "5?5@L C <5=O =5 1K;> >A=>20=89 7045@6820BLAO 2 018=5B5. =5 AB0;> =5C4>1=> ?@8=>@02;820BLAO : 3>A?>4AB2CNI8< 2 ?@028B5;LAB25 <=5=8O<, O =5 @0745;O; 273;O4>2, : :>B>@K<, 2 :>=5G=>< AGQB5, ?@8<:=C; 8 ?@5<8=8AB@. ><8<> ?@>G53>, ?@028B5;LAB25==0O @07=>3>;>A8F0 ?>@>48;0 2A5>1ICN =5@5H8B5;L=>ABL, ?0@0;87>20;0 C?@02;5=85 E>4>< 2>9=K. / AB@040; >B 2A53> MB>3>. BG0O=85 ?@8H;> 70 :@0E>< ?;0=0 :><<>4>@0 8970 8 04<8@0;0 #M<8AA0. "5?5@L O 7=0;, GB> A;54CNI8< 8 C65 =5<8=C5< AB0=5B M20:C0F8O 0;;8?>;8.

@8 2A5E C60A=KE @8A:0E B0:>3> @5H5=8O 0;LB5@=0B82>9 1K;8 ;8HL 40;L=59H85 8 25;8:85 CA8;8O =0 ACH5 8 =0 <>@5. CGH5 M20:C0F8O, G5< @07;>65=85 0@<88 2 =8G53>=545;0=L8, 157 F5;8, 157 ?>445@6:8. A;8 ?@028B5;LAB2> @8B0=88 8 4<8@0;B59AB2> =5 A?>A>1=K 45@7=CBL =0 <>@5, C =0A 5IQ >AB020;>AL 2@54>;65=8O ACE>?CB=>9 1>@L1K. 0 ;86=5< >AB>:5, 2 38?B5 8 !0;>=8:0E, A>1@0=K =5<0;K5 0@<88; 8E <>6=> 2KA048BL 2 578:A:>9 1CEB5 8 =0ABC?0BL 24>;L 0780BA:>3> 15@530 ;81> =09B8 <5AB> 4;O 45A0=B0 2 70;825 A5@>A 8 ?5@5@570BL C;08@A:89 ?5@5H55:. 15 0;LB5@=0B82K =5 >1>94CBAO 157 1>;LH>3> G8A;0 <0;KE, 2A?><>30B5;L=KE :>@01;59 B@0;LI8:8, ;8EB5@K, «6C:8» - => ;CGH5 2K25AB8 8E 2 <>@5 A59G0A, ?>:0 0@<8O 5IQ =0 0;;8?>;8, ?>:0 : ?@>B82=8:C =5 E;K=C;8 ?>B>:8 =5<5F:8E A=0@O4>2, =5 ?>4>H;0 35@<0=A:0O 0@B8;;5@8O. :0:>9 1K 20@80=B <>3CB =09B8 @575@2>2 4;O >B@065=8O 0B0:8. KA04:0 =0 B>< 8;8 8=>< ?;0F40@<5 >1O70B5;L=> 7025@H8BAO ?>154>9, C=8GB>65=85< 8 ?;5=5=85< 2A5E 425=04F0B8 >BB><0=A:8E 4828789, A3@C482H8EAO B5?5@L =0 0;;8?>;8; =0 D@>=B5 ?>O28BAO =>2K9 2>5==K9 D0:B>@ G5BK@=04F0BL A2>1>4=KE 4828789 A>N7=8:>2. >;30@8O =0 AB>@>=5 2@030; !5@18O @07402;5=0. > 5ABL 5IQ 2@5=AB0=B8=>?>;L, >B:@KBL 4>@>3C A >AA859, 2KB5A=8BL "C@F8N 87 2@>?K; 2>7<>6=>, GB> 8 2K83@0BL 2AN 2>9=C.

> O =5 <>3 459AB2>20BL 2 >:>20E >1I53> 8 ?@>B82>?>;>6=>3> <=5=8O, ?CABL 4065 8 2 :@5A;5 G;5=0 >5==>3> :><8B5B0. "5?5@L ?@520;8@>20;8 8=K5 AB@0B538G5A:85 AE5;8B8G5A:85 >AB028BL AB>@>==8:>2 =>2>3> :C@A0 157 ?><5E, 40BL 8< H0=A 2A5F5;> @0725@=CBLAO. / A;8H:>< <=>3> 7=0; 8 1K; A;8H:>< =5@02=>4CH5= 4;O <8=8AB5@A:>9 >B25BAB25==>AB8 70 A>25@H5==> ;>6=CN ?> <>5<=5=8N :>=F5?F8N 2>9=K. B0:, 2 A5@548=5 =>O1@O O AB0; 8A?@0H820BL >BAB02:8.

'8B0B5;L =0HQ; =0 MB8E AB@0=8F0E 8AB>@8N <=>38E A?>@>2, BO6:8E 8 9 87 =8E 2 B> 2@5<>3 1KBL 2K=5A5= 2 ?0@;0<5=B. !0< O ?8B0; >4=8 ;8HL A5@45G=K5 GC2AB20 : :>;;530<, ?@5<8=8AB@C 8 =5 ?@>@>=8; =8 548=>3> ;8H=53> A;>20: 8< - 40 8 2A5AC40@AB2C - 8 157 B>3> E20B0;> B@C4=>AB59, 8 C4>2>;LAB2>20;AO >1JOA=5=85<, GB> BO6:>5 A>AB>O=85 45; =5 ?>72>;O5B <=5 >AB0BLAO ?@8 E>@>H> >?;0G5==>9 A8=5:C@5.

/ ?>AB0@0;AO ?>:070BL 83@C A8; 8 E>4 B@038G5A:8E A>1KB89, :0: ?>=8<0N 8E A0<. >6=> ?@825AB8 <0AAC 4>:C<5=B>2, ?@>8;;NAB@8@>20BL :064CN G0ABL MB>9 8AB>@88, 4>?>;=8BL 5Q 2AOG5A:8<8 45B0;O<8; ?> E>4C ?>25AB2>20=8O >?CI5=> <=>65AB2> <5;:8E M?87>4>2, ;8HL 70B5<=ONI8E ACBL. > B>;L:> 87 745AL =0?8A0==>3> :@8AB0;L=> OA=K 2A5 C60A0NI85 B@C4=>AB8, 2A5 3>@G09H85 @07>G0@>20=8O B5E, :B> ?@540==> 8 G5AB=> AB0@0;AO @048 25;8:>3> 45;0 A :0:8<8 1K B> =8 1K;> 273;O40<8. >B @57N<5 B>3> 2@5<5=8: 2?5@548 1K;0 BL<0; =8 C :>3> =5 >AB020;>AL 25@E>2=>9 2;0AB8. !?5F80;8ABK 70G0ABCN >H810;8AL. >;8B8:8 G0AB> >:07K20;8AL ?@02K. =>AB@0==K5 2;0AB8, :0: 8 B0:8< 65 2=CB@5==8< ?@8G8=0< 18;8AL 2 :>=2C;LA8OE; 8E G0O=8O ?>AB>O==> H;8 2@07@57 A 1@8B0=A:>9 ?>;8B8:>9. 8:B> :@><5 G5;>25:0 A 3@><:8< 8<5=5< 8 =5A><=5==K<8 ?@>H;K<8 CA?5E0<8 =5 <>3 >B40BL OA=>3>, 65AB>:>3> ?@8:070 A @0AGQB>< =0 157>3>2>@>G=>5 ?>A;CH0=85. ;0ABL @0AA@54>B>G8;0AL <56 <=>65AB20 206=KE ;8F 87 =8E 8 A>AB>O; B>340H=89 3>AC40@AB25==K9 0??0@0B. KB>20; 1>;55 G5< =5@02=K9 4>ABC? : 8=D>@<0F88. 0640O 87 AB>@>= =5?@5<5==> 8 >18;L=> CA=0I0;0 8 157 B>3> =5?@>ABK5 A?>@K 15AG8A;5==K<8 0@3C<5=B0<8 2B>@>AB5?5==>3> 7=0G5=8O. AQ =5C:;>==> 42830;>AL : EC4H5< =8 @07C =5 C40;>AL ?5@5E20B8BL 8=8F80B82C, 1KB8O<8, =8G53> =5 ?@52>7<>30O 8 =5 ?@542>AE8I0O. 2AQ MB> 2@5AB020;8AL @5H5=8O ?@>ABK5 8 OA=K5, B 2>7<>6=>AB8 1KAB@> >1@5ABL 4@03>F5==K5 G0AB8 >1I59 ?>154K.

/ ?>40; 2 >BAB02:C 8 40; >1JOA=5=8O 0;0B5. 0:>=GC 3;02C ?5@5?5G0B:>9 =5:>B>@KE >G5=L 206=KE A;>2 - 87 B>9 @5G8.

 

%>4 2>9=K =5 4>;65= =0A >15A:C@06820BL. !59G0A BO6Q;>5 2@57<>6=>, GB> ?@84QBAO 5IQ BO65;55 8 ;8HL 70B5< =0ABC?OB ?5@5<5=K : ;CGH5 >=8 >1O70B5;L=> ?@84CB 5A;8 < 8 2KAB>8<; A0< O 2 MB>< =8A:>;L:> =5 A><=520NAL. >9=K ?@>H;>3> @5H0;8AL >B45;L=K<8 A>1KB8O<8 A:>@55, G5< >1I8< E>4>< 45;. MB>9 2>9=5 B5=45=F8O 206=55 ;N1>3> 87 M?87>4>2. K <>65< 2K83@0BL 2>9=C 157 3@><:8E ?>154. K <>65< ?@89B8 : ?>1545 4>@>3>9 ?>AB>O==KE, 3>@L:8E @07>G0@>20=89, 2 G5@545 >3>@G8B5;L=KE ?@>8AH5AB289. 0< 2>2A5 =5B =5>1E>48<>AB8 A1@0AK20BL 35@<0=F52 A> 2A5E 702>Q20==KE 8<8 75<5;L 8;8 @20BL 2@065A:85 D@>=BK. CABL ;8=88 2@030 @0A?@>AB@0=8;8AL 40;5:> 70 3@0=8FK 5@<0=88, ?CABL 53> D;03 @0728205BAO =04 70E20G5==K<8 AB>;8F0<8 8 ?>:>@Q==K<8 ?@>28=F8O<8, ?CABL =5?@8OB5;L 4>18205BAO 2AOG5A:8E CA?5E>2 A8;>9 >@C68O 5@<0=8O 2?>;=5 <>65B ?0ABL 8 ?>@065=85 ?>A;5 2B>@>3> 8;8 B@5BL53> 3>40 2>9=K AB0=5B 4;O =5Q <=>3> 3C18B5;L=55, =565;8 A:>@K9 70E20B 5@;8=0 A>N7=8G5A:8<8 0@<8O<8.

& 0<, :>=5G=> 65, >3>@G8B5;L=> =01;N40BL 70 ?@028B5;LAB20<8 =5:>B>@KE AB@0= =0?@8<5@, >;30@88 - 8 2845BL, :0: >=8 E;04=>:@>2=> 2725H820NB H0=AK =0 ?>154C 8 >B40NB ?@54?>GB5=85 &5=B@0;L=K< 45@6020<. A5 <0;K5 AB@0=K 7038?=>B878@>20=K 25;8:>;5?=>9, B>G=>9 @01>B>9 35@<0=A:>9 2>5==>9 <0H8=K. =8 >A;5?;5=K 1;5A:><, C40G0<8, => =5 70<5G0NB 8;8 =5 >A>7=0NB 2A5E A2>9AB2 4@52=8E 8 <>3CG8E AB@0= - ?@>B82=8:>2 5@<0=88; => 9:8 2 =5AG0ABLOE, B5@?5;82K 2 @07>G0@>20=8OE, A?>A>1=K 8A?@028BL 4C@=>5 C?@02;5=85, 2AB0BL =0 =>38, ?>4=OBLAO A =>2K<8 A8;0<8, ?@>9B8 2 1573@0=8G=>< C?@O7L 1573@0=8G=K5 AB@040=8O 8, 2 :>=F5-:>=F>2, 4>18BLAO A2>53>.


;020 37. B>38 8 ?>A;54AB28O 1915 3>40.

 

4=8 D8=0;L=>3> 0:B0 40@40=5;;LA:>9 B@035488 O A;C68; 2> 2-< 10B0;L>=5 20@459A:8E 3@5=04Q@>2 C 025=B8. @C7LO 87 018=5B0 8 3;02=>9 :20@B8@K =0H59 0@<88 2> $@0=F88 =5 >AB02;O;8 <5=O 157 =>2>AB59, 45@60;8 2 :C@A5 A>1KB89. !;C610 2 ?@52>AE>4=>9 459AB2CNI59 G0AB8 CB5H0;0 <5=O; O 87CG0; =5?@527>94Q==K5 2> 2A59 0@<88 <5B>4K B@0=H59=>9 2>9=K, 45;8; A> A2>8<8 B>20@8I0<8 ?>2A54=52=K5 BO3>BK 78<=59 687=8 2 >:>?0E ?>4 2@065A:8< >3=Q<. AQ 2@552>3> >1CG5=8O O ?>;L7>20;AO @0A?>;>65=85< 320@459F52 8 =02A5340 A>E@0=N > =8E 1;03>40@=CN ?048= 87 BQ<=KE =>O1@LA:8E 25G5@>2 O 2 ?5@2K9 @07 2AB0; 2> 3;025 272>40 8 ?>2Q; A>;40B : ?5@54>2K< B@0=H5O<. CBL =0H ;560; G5@57 @0A:8AH85 ?>;O. 45AL 8 B0< 2A?KE820; >@C489=K9 >3>=L, 272>4 HQ; ?>4 ?>A28AB A;CG09=KE ?C;L 8 BCB O A A>25@H5==>9 OA=>ABLN ?>=O;, GB> ABKE A>;40B 8 8E D@>=B>2KE >D8F5@>2 2 :>=F5-:>=F>2 8A?@028B 2A5 >H81:8, 2AQ =52565AB20 HB01>2 8 :018=5B>2, 04<8@0;>2, 35=5@0;>2, ?>;8B8:>2, 40 8 <>8 =5<0;K5 - A>1AB25==K5. #2K, => :0:>9 F5=>9! =>385 ;8 87 <>8E 320@459F52 4>94CB 4> ?>154K 87=C@8B5;L=K< ?CBQ< G5AB8, A:2>7L <=>3><5AOG=K5 1>9=8, ;8H5=8O, 2K682CB 2 G5@545 :@>202KE 4=59!

22 =>O1@O ?@028B5;LAB2> =0;>68;> 25B> =0 ?;0= 2KA04:8 2 3020=8 OAA, 8 8BG5=5@ A>3;0A8;AO M20:C8@>20BL A5:B>@0 !C2;K 8 . = 5IQ =045O;AO A>E@0=8BL %5;;5A, =0 GQ< =0AB0820; 8 04<8@0; 45 >15:. > >5==K9 :><8B5B @5H8; C9B8 A> 2A5E B@QE ?>78F89. 5 >15: 1K; :0B53>@8G5A:8 =5 A>3;0A5= A @5H5=85< ?@028B5;LAB20. = ?@>B5AB>20; C65 8 ?@>B82 !C2;K 8 . >340, 25 =>O1@O, 04<8@0;0 A?5F80;L=> A?@>A8;8 >1 M20:C0F88 %5;;5A0, >15: ?@O<> >B25B8; GB> «=5 <>65B MB>3> ?>=OBL». > 8<5==> <=5=85 04<8@0;0 >1 8A?>;L7>20=88 D;>B0 =5 40;> @0A?CB0BL A8BC0F8N. B><5=8, 4>;385 8 BO6:85 B@C4K ?>H0B=C;8 74>@>2L5 >15:0, 8 >= 2 >4=>G0AL5 >B?@028;AO =0 >B4KE, 4><>9.

0G0;LAB2>20=85 ?5@5H;> : #M<8AAC. >2>3> <>@A:>3> :><0=4CNI53> =5 A;><8;8 ?>A;54=85 A>1KB8O, 8 >= 2 A0A;54=89 <><5=B ?>?KB0;AO 8A?@028BL 45;>. #M<8AA ?@8=O;AO @0AAK;0BL B5;53@0<?0A=>AB8 78<=59 M20:C0F88, @0A?8AK20; 2A5 5Q B@C4=>AB8; >= C?8@0; =0 >F5=:C >=@> ?>B5@O 30 ?@>F5=B>2 0@<88; >= =0AB0820; =0 B><, GB> ?>A;54=55 CA8;85 A?>A>1=> >1@0B8BL ?>@065=85 2 ?>154C. #M<8AA 2KABC?8; 2 ?>4;8==>< 4CE5 :>@>;52A:>3> D;>B0: <>@O:8 70:>=G8;8 ?@83>B>2;5=8O 8 3>B>2K 8A?>;=8BL ?;0= 8970 2<5AB5 A 0@<859 8;8 157 =5Q.

A=>20, C?>@=K5 =0AB>O=8O #M<8AA0 ?>?0;8 2 20@52> >1AC645=89. 018=5B 2>AAB0; ?@>B82 @5H5=89 =>2>A>AB02;5==>3> >5==>3> :><8B5B0. :>=G0B5;L=K9 25@48:B @5H8;8 >BA@>G8BL 4> >G5@54=>9 :>=D5@5=F88 A D@0=FC70<8 8 70A540=89 =>2>3> >@30=0 ?>AB>O==>3> !>N7=8G5A:>3> A>25B0; ?>A;54=89 A>18@0;AO 5 45:01@O. >@4 8BG5=5@ 2>A?@O=C;. = :0: 8 25AL 1@8B0=A:89 35=HB01 :0B53>@8G5A:8 ?@>B828;AO !0;>=8:A:>9 M:A?548F88. 2 45:01@O 8BG5=5@ B5;53@0D8@>20; >=@>:

 

8G=> 8 A5:@5B=>.

@028B5;LAB2> 25AL 45=L 70=8<0;>AL 0;;8?>;8 8 A0< >1@07>< =0AB@>5=> ?@>B82 M20:C0F88 - ?CABL 4065 8 G0AB8G=>9 - 87-70 2>7<>6=KE ?>;8B8G5A:8E ?>A;54AB289. > >1I5<=5=8N, ;6=K C45@60BL %5;;5A.

>7<>6=> ;8 =0ABC?;5=85 C !C2;K, 5A;8 ?>4 20H5 =0G0;> ?5@594CB A0;>=8:A:85 A8;K 4> G5BK@QE 4828789? ?5@0F8N 4>;6=> =0G0BL 157 ?>B5@8 2@5<5=8, A @0AGQB>< 70=OBL ?>78F88 =0 2KA>B0E, ?@>428=CBLAO 23;C1L 8 B5< >AB028BL 70 =0<8 !C2;C. $;>B ?>445@68B =0ABC?;5=85.

 

"5< 2@5<5=5<, 1@8B0=A:85 AC1<0@8=K 2 @0<>@=>< <>@5 ?@0:B8G5A:8 ?@5@20;8 <>@A:85 :><: 8 70B@C4=8;8 ?>AB02:8 3@C7>2 ?> ?@81@56=K< 4>@>30<. 20 8;8 B@8 ?>A;54=8E <5AOF0 A=0165=85 2@030 AB@040;> 2AQ 2 1>;LH59 AB5?5=8, ?>;>65=85 >A<0= 1KAB@> 8 =5C:;>==> CEC4H0;>AL. 5@<0=A:89 HB01 >B25B8; AB@>8B5;LAB2>< =>2>3> >B25B2;5=8O >B 3;02=>9 65;57=>4>@>6=>9 A8AB5: =0 ?>AQ;>: 020:, GB> 2 3>;>25 70;820 A5@>A. >AB@>9:C 7025@H8;8 2 A0@>B:89 A@>: 8 @5;LA>20O ;8=8O, A ?@5A5G5=85< <>@A:8E <0@H@CB>2, >AB0;0AL 548=AB25==>9 4>@>3>9 4>AB02:8 ?@8?0A>2, ?>4:@5?;5=89 8 ?>?>;=5=89 4;O 4204F0B8 BC@5F:8E 4828789 =0 ?>;C>AB@>25. 5;LAK 70:0=G820;8AL =>2>9 AB0=F859 2 020:5; 745AL 3@C7K ?5@5:;04K20;8AL =0 2>;>2L8 8;8 25@1;N6L8 C?@O6:8 8 H;8 G5@57 C;08@A:89 ?5@5H55:, 70G0ABCN ?>4 >1AB@5;>< A <>@O. B>@>3> >:BO1@O #M<8AAC C40;>AL @07@CH8BL B@8 F5=B@0;L=KE ?@>;QB0 :020:A:>3> <>AB0 >3>=L 25;8 «30<5<=>=», «-=48<8>=» 8 <>=8B>@. 4>102>: : <>ABC, 1><10@48@>2:8 A>25@H5==> @0718;8 4>@>38 8 A45;0;8 8E =5?@>E>48;QA=>3> B@0=A?>@B0. 5-O BC@5F:0O 0@<8O >:070;0AL 2 A0<>9 A5@LQ7=>9 =C645. @8B0=A:0O @07254:0 4>=>A8;0 >1 CAC3C1;ONI59AO 45<>@0;870F88 2@030: ?>B5@8, 1>;57=8, A:C4>ABL 70?0A>2, AC@>20O ?>3>40, 2AQ 1>;55 B>G=K9 >3>=L A <>@O 45;0;8 A2>Q 45;>. !53>4=O <, GB> @07254:0 =5 >H810;0AL. B5 4=8 BC@5F:85 A>;40BK - >1>@20==K5, 3>;>4=K5, 70G0ABCN 1>AK5, F5?;O;8AL 70 B@0=H58 =545;O<8, 157> 2AO:>9 A<5=K, 0 8E 35@<0=A:85 E>7O520 @02=> A>GC2AB2>20;8 30;;8?>;89A:>9 0@<88 8 >?0A0;8AL 70 5Q 1C4CI55. @0D 5BB5@=8E, B>340 ?>A>; 5@<0=88 2 >=AB0=B8=>?>;5 ?@85E0; =0 ?>;C>AB@>2 2 45:01@5, 2<5AB5 A 8<0=>< D>= !0=45@A><. >A;5 2>9=K, 2 48A:CAA88 > B>340H=5< ?>;>65=88 45; 5BB5@=8E A:070;: «A;8 1K 2K B>;L:> 7=0;8 > A>AB>O=88 BC@5F:>9 0@<88, B> ?>=O;8 1K, :0: ?;>E8 =0H8 45;0». # =0A, 2?@>G5<, =5 1K;> =54>AB0B:0 2 7=0=8OE. 0< =5 E20B0;> 548=>9 2>;8 8A?>;L7>20BL 8E : ?>;L75. "5?5@L 04<8@0; #M<8AA 8 53> HB01 C25@8;8AL GB> D;>B - 4065 8 =5 D>@A8@CO @>;82K - A?>A>15= =5 B>;L:> ?@54>B2@0B8BL ?>4E>4 1>;LH8E 0@B8;;5@89A:8E ?>4:@5?;5=89 87 5@<0=88, => A0< >1@07>< ?>4>@20BL A07<>6=>ABL ACI5AB2>20=8O BC@5F:>9 0@<88 =0 0;;8?>;8. A=>20 70B;5;8AL =04564K, => BCB ?>4>A?5;> >:>=G0B5;L=>5, 1574C<=>5 @5H5=85 >1 M20:C0F88 8<5==> 2 B>B <><5=B, :>340 : @>;820< 2?5@2K5 70 2AQ 2@5?5@0F88 ?@8H;> @5H8B5;L=>5 8 :> 5, C25@5==>5 2 CA?5E5 <>@A:>5 :><0=4>20=85. >AL<>3> 45:01@O >1J548=Q==>5 70A540=85 HB01>2 2 3;02=>9 D@0=FC7A:>9 :20@B8@5 548=>3;0A=> >1JO28;> > =5<54;5==>9 >@30=870F88 >1>@>=K !0;>=8: 8 A@>G=>9 M20:C0F88 0;;8?>;8. 0 MB>< 70:>=G8;8AL 2A5 <5B0=8O 1@8B0=A:>3> ?@028B5;LAB20, 8 018=5B C65 =5 A>HQ; A ?CB8 <0;>4CH8O. > #M<8AA 8 897 =5 >BABC?8;8AL; A> 2@5<5=5<, <>@A:85 8AB>@8:8 @8B0=88 A C4>2>;LAB285< 8 2 ?>4@>1=>ABOE >?8HCB 1>@L1C 42CE <>@O:>2 A 548=K<8 >B=K=5 A8;0<8 018=5B0, >5==>3> :><8B5B0, 1J548=Q==>9 0=3;>-D@0=FC7A:>9 :>=D5@5=F88, 4<8@0;B59AB20 8 2>5==>3> 254>F8B8@C5< 745AL B5;53@0<<8AA0 >B 8 45:01@O. =0 3>2>@8B : G5AB8 :>@>;52A:>3> D;>B0.

 

$;>B 3>B>2 D>@A8@>20BL @>;82K 8 C45@6820BL 8E AB>;L:>, A:>;L:> ?>B@51C5BAO; AB>O=88 >B@570BL BC@>: =0 0;;8?>;8 >B 2AO:>3> A=0165=8O ?> @0<>@=><>@N 8 G5@57 0@40=5;;K, A 0780BA:>3> 15@530. ">340 C 2@030 >AB0=5BAO 548=AB25==0O :><==0O ;8=8O ?> C;08@A:>@>30, 2 >3@><=>9 AB5?5=8 CO728<0O A> AB>@>=K @0<>@=>3> <>@O 8 87 70;820 A5@>A. "5< A0< 0@<88 D0:B8G5A:89 8 ?>;=K9 @07@K2 2A5E BC@5F:8E :><<5AB5 A C=8GB>65=85< 1>;LH8E A:;04>2 A 70?0A0<8 =0 15@53C 0@40=5;;.

@5645 2A53>, O =0AB>OB5;L=> A>25BCN ?@>25AB8 >4=>2@5<5==K5 <>@A:CN 8 =075<=CN 0B0:8. C6=0 >4=0 ;8HL 3>B>2=>ABL 0@<88 : =0ABC?;5=8N ?@8 ?5@2>< C4>1=>< A;CG05. $;>B 3>B>2 : >?5@0F88 8 A>25@H5==> @0AAG8BK205B =0 CA?5E. A;8 ;CG8< 1>52K5 548=8FK, C:070==K5 2 20H5< ?8AL<5 >B 24 =>O1@O B> ?@5CA?55< =0<=>3> A:>@55 8 2 >3@><=>9 <5@5 C94Q< >B 2>7<>6=KE ?>B5@L.

/ =5 A><=520NAL, GB> C?>5 2 B5;53@0<<5 4<8@0;B59AB20 422 548=>3;0A=>5 <=5=85 2>5==KE 2> <=>3>< 8 MB> 5AB5AB25==> ?>A;54>20;> 70 >F5=:0<8 ?>;>65=8O 35=5@0;>< '0@;L7>< >=@>. !0< O =5 2845; 53> @0?>@B>2, => ACBL 8E OA=0 87 @073>2>@>2 A >D8F5@0<8. / 7=0N, GB> :>@?CA=K5 :><0=48@K 25AL<0 >?0A0NBAO M20:C0F88, => 2>2A5 =5 >A254><;5=K > B><, GB> D;>B - :0: B> C:070=> 2 <>8E B5;53@0<<0E - 3>B>2 D>@A8@>20BL 0@40=5;;K; 4C<0N, >=8 ?@8 2=8<0=85 15AA?>@=K5 ?>A;54AB28O <>@A:>3> CA?5E0 8 >E>B=> A>3;0AOBAO 0B0:>20BL 2@065A:85 ;8=88, B5< 1>;55 GB> 2AQ A2845B5;LAB2C5B > =5A><=5==>< C?04:5 4CE0 BC@5F:>9 0@<88 =0 ?>;C>AB@>25.

> <>5<=5=8N, >4=8 ;8HL =>2>AB8 A 52@>?59A:>3> B50B@0 =5 <>3CB 2>7>1;040BL =04 8=B5=A82=>9 8 ?>4:@5?;Q==>9 >3@><=K<8 45=56=K<8 AC<<0<8 =5<5F:>9 ?@>?030=4>9 ?> 2A5AB>:C.

"C?8: =0 >1>8E D@>=B0E 3;02=KE B50B@>2 2>9=K 5AB5AB25==> A;54C5B 87 ?@8@>4K A53>4=OH=59 A8BC0F88. "0:, =5 >18=COAL, 3>2>@OB 2 2KA>:8E 2>5==KE :@C30E @5F88: ?>E>65, GB> A 35@<0=A:>3> 3>;>A0 206=K9 ?@87=0:.

A;8 AB0=>28B ?>154K, B> 2<5AB5 A ?>78F8O<8 >B4048< 2@03C 206=K5 @K=:8 8 B5< ?><>65< 57<>GL A>N7=8:>2 2 =0G02H59AO 2>9=5 =0 8AB>I5=85.

#A?5H=0O 0B0:0 @07 8 =02A5340 @07255B 2A5 >1;0:0 A><=5=89, >A2>1>48B 1>;LH>5 G8A;> :>@01;59, @5H8B 2>?@>A A @5F859 8 38?B><.

/ =5 7=0N :0: @5H5=> ?>ABC?8BL A >=AB0=B8=>?>;5<, => A:> <5B8@C5<, 0 7=0G8B 8 >A;018< BC@5F:>-35@<0=A:89 A>N7 5A;8 >?>25AB8< BC@>: GB> ?@8H;8 2 @0<>@=>5 <>@5 4;O 70I8BK 3>@>40 >B =5<5F:>9 >::C?0F88.

-20:C0F8O A:25@=> A:065BAO =0 D;>B5.

/ =5 ?@>@>=8; =8 A;>20 >1 0B0:5, > <>8E ?;0=0E 7=0NB ;8HL 04<8@0;K 8 1;8609H85 A>B@C4=8:8, => A>25@H5==> C25@5= 2 =0AB@>5=88 :064>3> >D8F5@0 8 <0B@>A0: :0 B>3>, GB>1K 4>;6=K< >1@07>< 8A?>;L7>20BL =0H5 A8;L=59H55 >@C485 - D;>B.

>;>65=85 :@8B8G5A:>5, 2@5<5=8 =0 D>@<0;L=>AB8 =5B, 8 O ?@54;030N >1@0B8BLAO 70 >F5=:>9 ?>;>65=8O : 35=5@0;C Q@42C4C >D8F5@C, :>B>@>8B 2K=5AB8 ;81> 0B0:C, ;81> ?@8:070==CN B5?5@L M20:C0F8N.

K 2AB0;8 ?5@54 2K1>@>< <564C CE>4>< 8 D>@A8@>20=85< @>;82>2. / AG8B0N ?5@2>5 =5AG0ABL5< 2 B0:B8G5A:>< 8 AB@0B538G5A:>< AA;54=55 @50;L=K< 45;>< 8, ?>:0 2>9A:0 >AB0NBAO 2 A5:B>@5 45;>< @5H8B5;L=K<.

#25@5=, GB> 2@53> =0ABC?;5=8O ?@8H;> 8 C1564Q= 2 CA?5E5.

 

18 023CAB0 4<8@0;B59AB2> =0?@028;> 45 >15:C B5;53@0<< 8 =5O2=K< =0AB>O=85< HBC@<>20BL 0@40=5;;K AB0@K<8 1@>=5=>AF0<8 D;>B0, => 2 B> 2@5<8@0; >B:070;AO >B 0B0:8. "5?5@L 45;> ?@8=O;> ?@>B82>?>;>6=K9 >1>@>B: 10 45:01@O, B> 65 @C:>2>4AB2> 4<8@0;B59AB20 >B25B8;> #M<8AAC, GB> =5 3>B>2> @07@5H8BL >4=>;L:> D;>BC 84B8 G5@57 #7>AB8. MB>B <@0G=K9 70?@5B ?>;>68; :>=5F 2A5

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

@8B0=A:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> B2Q@4> @5H8;> A40BLAO, G53> 1K MB> =8 AB>8;>. 4<8@0;B59AB2> A=>20 8 A=>20 ?>2B>@O;> ?@8:07K M20:C8@>20BL !C2;C 8 . 12 45:01@O #M<8AA «2 25;8G09H5< A>60;5=88 8 >?0A5=8OE» A:;>=8;AO ?5@54 ?@8:070<8 87 >=4>=0. "I0B5;L=0O @01>B0 =04 ?;0=>< M20:C0F88 H;0 C65 <5AOF, B5?5@L >= 1K; 3>B>2 8 04<8@0; =07=0G8; >?5@0F8N =0 =>GL A 19 =0 20 45:01@O.

045640 C<8@0;0 BO65;>. @028B5;LAB2> @5H8;> M20:C8@>20BL A5:B>@0 !C2;K 8 0, => A>3;0A8;>AL 4> 2@5<5=8 C45@6820BL %5;;5A ?@8 MB>< >AB020;0AL 2>7<>6=>ABL =>2KE <>@A:8E >?5@0F89. 'B>1K C:@5?8BL D@>=B C <8@0; 2 B5A=>< A>B@C4=8G5AB25 A :><0=4CNI8< C %5;;5A0 35=5@0;>< M28A>< @07@01>B0;8 ?;0= A>2<5AB=>9 0B0:8 D;>B0 8 0@<88 =0 G8 010. B><5=8 :>@@5:B8@>2:C >3=O <>=8B>@>2 8 «-430@>2» A ?@>B82><8==>9 70I8B>9 4>25;8 4> 2KA>:>9 AB5?5=8 A>25@H5=AB20. «708<>459AB285 D;>B0 8 0@<88 2 =0ABC?;5=88 ?8A0; 35=5@0; M28A AB0;> @50;L=K< 45;><ý». >@A:85 8 0@<59A:85 :><0=48@K =0 <5AB5 @01>B0;8 @C:0 >1 @C:C. 0<, 2?@>G5<, =5B =C64K @0A?@>AB@0=OBLAO > 2>7<>6=KE ?5@A?5:B820E: 8<5==> 2 MB>B <><5=B 87 !0;>=8: ?@85E0; 35=5@0; >=@> - 53> ?5@525;8 2 @5F8N ?>A;5 >4=>4=52=>3> 2878B0 =0 0;;8?>;8 8 2@5<5==>3> ?@51K20=8O 2 38?B5. IQ 1 45:01@O >=@> 70?@5B8; Q@42C4C 8 :>@?CA=K< :><0=48@0< 45@60BL A>25BK A 04<8@0;>< ?><8<> 53> @07@5H5=8O. 10 45:01@O >= :0B53>@8G5A:8 70?@5B8; Q@42C4C >1AC640BL A #M<8AA>< ;N1K5 2>5==K5 2>?@>AK. 14 45:01@O >=@> B5;53@0D8@>20; 2 >=4>= A>25@H5==>5 =5A>3;0A85 A> 273;O40<8 04<8@0;0, ?>B@51>20; 70?@5B8BL #M<8AAC ;N1K5 2KA:07K20=8O ?> 2>5==K< 2>?@>A0< =>, 2 B> 65 2@5< =5 ?>@CG8;AO 70 D@>=B C %5;;5A0 157 G8 010. 0E20B G8 010 1K; ?@87=0= =5>1E>48<; ?>A;5 MB>3> @5H8;8 M20:C8@>20BL 25AL ?>;C>AB@>2.

>340 2> $@0=F8N ?@8H;8 =>2>AB8 >1 CA?5H=>9 8 15A:@>2=>9 M20:C0F88 2 =>GL 19 45:01@O, O 8A?KB0; >4=>2@5<5==> 3@CABL 8 25;8:>5 >1;53G5=85. >5==K5 8 <>@A:85 >D8F5@K ?@83>B>28;8 2AQ 4> <5;LG09H8E 45B0;59, 04<8@0;K 8 35=5@0;K 70<5G0B5;L=> ?@>25;8 >?0A=59HCN >?5@0F8N. A5 7028A5;> >B ?>3>4K, 8 >=0 >AB0;0AL 1;03>?@8OB=>9 :0: @07 =0 =5>1E>48< A>@>: 2>A52. "C@:8 >AB0;8AL 2 A>25@H5==>< =52545=88. 0AA25B >1=068; ?CABK5 B@0=H58 8 704>@>3> :C?;5==K5 ?>78F88 A> 7=0<5=8BK<8 8<5=0<8 B5?5@L <>;G0;82K5, 2 >:@C65=88 <>;G0;82KE A>;40BA:8E :;0418I. 7;40BK 8 8E =5CAB@0H8< ?>25@8;8 A>1AB25==K< 3;070<. AQ 87<5=8;>AL 2 >48= <83. =8 A0<8, 381=CI0O AB@0=0, AB>;8F0, 45@60I0OAO ;8HL =0 A>;40BA:>9 4>1;5AB8, 2 >48= <83 ?@5>1@078;8AL 2 =>2CN, 2>7@>64Q==CN A8;C. 0 0;;8?>;8 =5 E20B0;> A>;40B, @5AC@A>2 2AO:>3> @>40, >1>@>=0 ?> A0<>9 35>3@0D8G5A:>9 ?@8@>45 ?>78F89 =5 <>3;0 C9B8 >B ?>AB>O==>9 AB@0B538G5A:>9 >?0A=>AB8, => =5C:;>==K5 B2Q@4>ABL, @5H8<>ABL, 2>;O : ?>1545 2KAH53> 2@065A:>3> :><0=4>20=8O >B40;8 70I8B=8:0< ?>;C>AB@>20 ?>154C. <5==> MB8E :0G5AB2 =5 =0H;>AL =0 =0H59 AB>@>=5, ?>:0 48;8AL =0 ?8:5 2>5==>9 <>I8. # 0B0:CNI8E C:@0;8 ?@87 206=59HCN 4;O 2A53> <8@0 ?>154C. !>N7=8:8 8<5;8 =0 =5Q ?@02>, => =0< =5 ?><>3;8 =8 ?@5>1;040NI85 ?@52>AE>4AB20 2 A8;5 8 A@54AB20E, =8 <=>3>G8A;5==K5 2>9A:0 8 <0H8=K, =8 2AQ 15AAB@0H85, ?@540==>ABL, C60A=K5 65@B2K.

%5;;5A M20:C8@>20;8 8 O=20@O, A @02=K< C<5=85< 8 ?@8 B0:>9 65 C40G5. "5< 8 70:>=G8;0AL 8AB>@8O 40@40=5;;LA:>3> ?@54?@8OB8O. 57=0:>< 8 =5 A:;>==K5 4C<0BL ?@825BAB2>20;8 MB>B D8=0; :0: ?>154C.

0<, 2?@>G5<, 4>;6=> =5 >AB0=02;820BLAO =0 =5<54;5==KE >B:;8:0E, => @0AA<>B@5BL 40;L=59H85 8 206=K5 ?>A;54AB28O.

! A0<>3> =0G0;0 :0 AB>O==> :0;5G8;8 8 45@60;8 =0 3>;>4=>< ?09:5: 2KAH55 :><0=4>20=85 @8B0=88 8 $@0=F88 >B=8<0;> C 0@40=5;; 2>9A:0 8 A=0@O4K 2 ?>;L7C 3;02=>3> B50B@0 2>9=K. #E>4 >B @>;82>2 ?@82Q; : G@572KG09=>9AB2C A>N7=8G5A:8E A8; A09G82K5 @045B5;8 70 >?5@0F8N =5 <>3;8 2>>1@078BL =8G53> ?>4>1=>3>. !5@18N @0AB5@70;8; >;30@8O ?@8=O;0 AB>@>=C 2@030; AB@0E 2K=C48; C ?>:0 D;03 @8B0=88 @072520;AO =0 0;;8?>;8, 0 D;>B @8B0=88 AB>O; C @>;82>2, 3;02=K5 A8;K "C@F88 >AB020;8AL 7060BK, ?0@0;87>20=K. -20:C0F8O ?>;C>AB@>20 2KA2>1>48;0 4204F0BL BC@5F:8E 4828789, B5?5@L >=8 <>3;8 A><:=CBLAO A 1>;30@0<8 2> $@0:88, 0B0:>20BL >AA8N, ?><>GL 2AB@88, 45@60BL 2 AB@0E5 C<8<> MB>3>, >A<0=K <>3;8 C:@5?8BL 5A>?>B0<8N A >4=>2@5<5==>9 C3@>7>9 38?BC. "@8=04F0B8 1@8B0=A:8< 482878O<[57] ?>A;5 4>;6=>3> >B4KE0 8 ?5@5>A=0I5=8O ?@54AB>O;> >B25B8BL =0 425 ?>A;54=85 87 ?5@5G8A;5==KE, 2=>2L 2>7=8:H8E C3@>7. >20O 0@<8O 2A5 A5?>;=8B5;L=KE 4828789 >B>1@0==KE 0@865< 8 >=4>=>< C D@0=FC7A:>3> B50B@0 - >B?@028;0AL >1>@>=OBL !0;>=8:8. A;8 =5 AG8B0BL 0, 5420 ;8 >4=0 87 4204F0B8 C?>N7=8G5A:8E 4828789 2AB@5B8;0AL A 35@<0=F0<8 4> A0<>3> :>=F0 2>9=K. 420 ;8 >4=0 87 =8E 2>>1I5 A>?@8:>A=C;0AL E>BO 1K A :0:8<-B> 2@03>< 70 ?>A;54>202H85 H5ABL 8;8 >:>;> B>3> <5AOF52, => 2 B> 65 A0<>5 2@5A2>1>482H8EAO A 0;;8?>;8 BC@5F:8E 4828789 4>1028;8 : A8;0< =5?@8OB5;O =0 @07=KE B50B@0E. 48==04F0BL CH;8 =0 02:07, 425 2 0;8F8N; 2 B>< 8 4@C3>< A;CG05 >AA88 ?@8H;>AL =5AB8 4>?>;=8B5;L=CN =>HC. >6=> AG8B0BL ?>-@07=> 2 AC<<5 ?5@2K9, =5?>A@54AB25==K9 @57C;LB0B M20:C0F88 0;;8?>;8 >1>HQ;AO A>N7=8:0< 2 B@84F0BL 8;8 A>@>: 4828789 ?>;>28=C ?5@2>:;0AA=>9 0@<88. >=OB=>, GB> ?>A;54AB28O >4=>3> MB>3> D0:B0 AB0;8 >G5=L BO65;K 4;O 40;L=59H53> E>40 2>9=K.

"8A:8 =0 A5@4F5 BC@5F:>3> 3>AC40@AB20 @0760;8AL, BC@:8 A<>3;8 274>E=CBL, 5@<0=8O >:070;0 A>459AB285 8 H8@>:> @0A:8=CBK5 >:>=5G=>AB8 >A<0=A:>9 8 2L =0;8;8AL A8;>9. "@8 :0 =8:8, 38?5B, 5A>?>B0<8O =0G0;8AL =5<54;5==> 8;8 AB0;8 =587156=K; 2A5 B@8 1KAB@> ?5@5@>A;8 2 1>;LH85 ?@54?@8OB8O, 2A5 B@8 ?@>4>;68;8AL 4> ?>A;54=53> 4=O 2>9=K, 2 >3@><=>9 AB5?5=8 8AB>I8;8 @5AC@AK @8B0=88, 2 <5=LH59 AB5?5=8 8 $@0=F88. 1918 3>4C 2 5A>?>B0<88 >?5@8@>20;8 A5-8=489A:8E 4828789 0@<8O 2 425AB8 A525:, =5 AG8B0O <5AB=KE ?@825@65=F52.

1>@>=0 !CMF:>3> :0=0;0 A 5Q ?@>4>;65=85< - =0ABC?;5=85< =0 BC@>:, 2B>@65=85< 2 0;5AB8=C ?5@5@>A;8 2 >B45;L=CN 2>9=C; 2 8=>5 2@5=0 ?@82;5:;0 1K 2=8<0=85 2A53> <8@0. <5AB> 2K?040 2 A5@4F5 8 =AB0=B8=>?>;L, 2<5AB> C40@0 ?> ?@54?;5GLN ;5:A0=4@5BB0 8;8 ?> ;>:BN %09D0, =G8:0 ?0;LF0 BC@5F:>3> 2>5==>3> >@30=87<0. >9=0 H;0 <54;5==>, 1>;57=5==>, 2 C60A=>< =0?@O65=88 8 8745@6:0E, A@548 ?>@078B5;L=KE 4>AB865=89 1>52KE 8 04<8=8AB@0B82=KE; B=8 <8;L ?> 15A?;>4=K< ?5A:0<. K B@C48;8AL 8 2>520;8 70 :064CN <8;N ?>4G0A 8 70 O@4 >B 07K 4> 5@CA0;8<0, >B 5@CA0;8<0 4> 0<0A:0 8 =8 @07C =5 2K=C48;8 2@030 =0?@OGLAO E>BO 1K =0 B@5BL =0H8E A>1AB25==KE CA8;89. ?5@5<8@8N, 2 0;5AB8=5 8 !8@88 1K;8 70=OBK 425=04F0BL 1@8B0=A:8E 4828789 >:>;> 42CEA>B 2>AL<845AOB8 BKAOG G5;>25: =5 AG8B0O <5AB=KE ?@825@65=F52. 0 =8:0E @07@>A;0AL AB>;L 65 C60A=K< >1@07><. :>=FC 1917 3>40 425=04F0BL D@0=:>-1@8B0=A:8E 4828789 8 425 8B0;LO=A:85 4828788 45@60;8 D@>=B ?@>B82 BC@>: =0AB>9G82>ABL C 0@40=5;; <>3;0 1K 402=> 8 =02A5340 2K25AB8 8E 87 2>9=K 8 ?@>B82 1>;30@A:>9 0@<88: 1>;30@K <>3;8 1K 2AB0BL =0 =0HC AB>@>=C ?>A;5 A2>52@5<5==KE 8 ;8B8G5A:8E @5H5=89. @0=48>7=K9 >BE>4 4>1028; : A>N7=K< A8;0< ;8HL H5ABL A5@1A:8E 4828789, CH54H8E 70 <>@5 >B @C8= @>48=K 40 G5BK@5 3@5G5A:85 4828788, ?>4=OBK5 5=875;>A>< ?@>B82 :>@>;O >=AB0=B8=0. >4 :>=5F 2>9=K, A0;>=8:A:89 D@>=B =0AG8BK20; H5ABLA>B B@84F0BL BKAOG A>N7=8G5A:8E A>;40B.

"@8 >3@><=K5 M:A?548F88 70 <>@5 >1@5<5=8;8 D;>B @8B0=88, 8 GCBL ;8 =5 ?@825;8 : ?>;=>3@0=8G5==>9 ?>42>4=>9 2>9=5 25A=>9 1917 3>40. ">340 04<8@0;K 8 35=5@0;K A ?@56=8<8 <8 ;8HL > @0=4 $;8B5 8 3;02=>9 0@<88 C7=0;8, :0:>2> >B25@3=CBL ?5@2K5, 4@03>F5==K5 40@K D>@BC=K 8 A:>;L AB@0H=0 5Q <5ABL.

:>=FC 2>9=K, 2>?@5:8 2A5< >:>;L=K< 8 @0AB>G8B5;L=K< <5B>40<, AB@0B538G5A:0O :>=F5?F8O, 8AE>4OI0O 87 2>AB>G=>9 ?>;8B8:8 ?>4B25@48;0AL: :@0E >;30@88 ?>A;5 B@QE 2>5==KE ;5B ?@542>725AB8; ?>;=CN :0B0AB@>DC &5=B@0;L=KE 45@602.

0@40=5;;K ?>:>=G8;8 A =045640<8 =0 ?@OAB>O==CN A2O7L A >AA859. K 2KAB@>8;8 1 200-<8;L=CN 65;57=CN 4>@>3C =0 C@<0=A:, B>20@K ?>AB>O==> B5:;8 G5@57 ;0482>AB>: ?> 4 000-<8;L=> B5A=>5 A>B@C4=8G5AB2>, >1<5= ;N4L<8 8 A=0@O65=85<, >1H8@=K9 M:A?>@B N6=>@CAA:>9 ?H5=8FK, 6828B5;L=0O B>@3>2;O <>3;8 84B8 ;8HL ?> 70:@KB><>@N.

#E>4 >B 0@40=5;; @0725O; @CAA:CN <5GBC. >;>B N45=4>@D0 3=0; 0@<88 F0@O 87 >;LH8, 3=0; 87 0;8F88; A>;40BK, 70G0ABCN 157>@C6=K5, C<8@0;8 2 2>5==KE ?>@065=8OE; 2> 2A59 >3@><=>9, 87>;8@>20==>9 8 A;0 =0@>4=0O =C640, => 2 MB8 BQ<=K5 4=8 >AA8O CB5H0;0AL =04564>9 =0 25;8:89 ?@87 >=AB0=B8=>?>;L. "5?5@L A@548 @CAA:8E ;N459 2AO:>3> 720=8O @0A?@>AB@0=8;>AL 3;C1>:>5 C=K=85, ?>4=O;8AL 402=85, ?>4A?C4=K5 ?>4>7@5=8O. 0 45;5, =3;8O =5 ?KB0;0AL 2A5@LQ7 D>@A8@>20BL @>;82K. >A;5 A>3;0A8O A ?@8BO70=8O<8 >AA88 =0 >=AB0=B8=>?>;L, @8B0=8O ?>B5@O;0 2AO:89 8=B5@5A : ?@54?@8OB8N, 8 A B5E ?>@ ;8HL ;8F5<5@8;0. Q =5@5H8B5;L=K5 459AB28O 8 @074>@ A@548 ?@028B5;59 ?@87=0:8, >B72C: A5:@5B=KE, ?>B0Q==KE 3>AC40@AB25==KE 65;0=89. MB> :>340 >AA8O ;LQB :@>2L :0: =8:0:>9 =0@>4 >B =0G0;0 2@5 AB@0=5 ?>H;8 HQ?>B:8, 8E @074C20;0 8A:CA=0O 35@<0=A:0O ?@>?030=40, A;CE8 @>A;8 8 <=>68;8AL ?> F0@A:8< 2;045=8O< : 2OI59 2K3>45 2A5E ?@>B82>?@028B5;LAB25==KE A8;. :>=F5 :>=F>2, =587156=>5 B5?5@L ?@>4>;65=85 2>9=K AB0;> 4;O >AA88 45;>< D0B0;L=K<. B=K=5 =0A ?@83>2>@8;8 : 2>9=5 =0 8AB>I5=85 ?>A;54=52C 2>5==>9 AB8, B0: MB> ?>4020;>AL 8 >AA8O ?0;0, ?0;0 ?5@2>9, ?>4=O;0 8 >1@CH8;0 =0 A51O A0<>Q 2>;=C @07@CH5=8O 8 <=>385 4>;6=> 1KBL, <8;;8>=K ;N459 =0H;8 ?>4 =59 A<5@BL. >A;54AB28O A;54CNB 70 =0<8 ?> A59 45=L. =8 CA?5NB ><@0G8BL 8 <8@ =0H8E 2=C:>2.

@>20; 40@40=5;;LA:>9 M:A?548F88 ?>:>=G8; 8 A ;>@4>< 8BG5=5@><. 5AL 1915 3>4 >= >AB020;AO ?@8 =5>3@0=8G5==>9, 548=>;8G=>9 >B25BAB25==>AB8 70 2A5 2>5==K5 >?5@0F88 @8B0=88; 4> =>O1@O 2> 2AQ< 3;025=AB2>20;0 53> 2>;O. "5?5@L G;5=K =>2>3> 018=5B0, 2 A2>N >G5@54L, 2A;54 70 254CI8<8 <8=8AB@0<8 AB0@>3> ?@028B5;LAB20 @07C25@8;8AL 2 2>5==>< @C:>2>4AB25 D5;L4<0@H0;0. 1AB>OB5;LAB20 30;;8?>;89A:>3> 45;0 A;8H:>< >BGQB;82> 2KO28;8 2AN >3@0=8G5==>ABL 25;8:>3> <5=0 @02=> :0: >@30=870B>@0 8 :0: G5;>25:0 459AB28O. 5402=OO ?>445@6:0 8BG5=5@>< =0ABC?;5=8O 2> $@0=F88, AB>;L O2=> ?@>20;82H53>AO ?@8 >>A5 8 2 (0 340 =0G0;0AL 03>=8O 0;;8?>;8, D5;L4<0@H0; @5H0; C60A=K9 2>?@>A >1 M20:C0F88 2 4>;38E <5B0=8OE <564C ?@>B82>@5G82K<8 @5H5=8O<8. = ?0; 4CE>< O2=> 4;O :064>3>, :B> 7=0; D0:BK.

#65 2 =>O1@5 8BG5=5@ 2AB@5B8;AO A >B:@KBK< >B?>@><. >5==K9 :><8B5B 8 A>N7=8G5A:0O :>=D5@5=F8O @5H8B5;L=> >B25@3;8 ?@>2>73;0HQ==K9 D5;L4<0@H0;>< A A0<>3> B50B@0 1>52KE >?5@0F89 ?;0= =>2>9 2KA04:8 2 70;825 ;5:A0=4@5BBK. !5@8O ?@028B5;LAB25==KE B5;53@0<< A 5420 ;8 ?@8:@KB>9 B5=45=F859 2AOG5A:8 ?>>I@O;0 8BG5=5@0 =5 >3@0=8G820BLAO <8AA859 C 0@40=5;;, => ?CAB8BLAO 2 ?@>4>;68B5;L=>5 ?CB5H5AB285 8 >1@5287>20BL ?>;>65=85 45; =0 2AQ< >AB>:5. >A?5H=>5 2>72@0I5=85 D5;L4<0@H0;0 2 >=4>= 3>2>@8B > B><, GB> >B =53> =5 C:@K;8AL ?5@5<5=K 2 A>1AB25==>< ?>;>65=88. 8A?>78F8O 1@8B0=A:8E 2>9A: =0 >AB>:5 ?@54?@8=OB0O 8BG5=5@>< ?>A;5 M20:C0F88 !C2;K 8 0 A>25@H5==> =5 A?>A>1AB2>20;0 ?>?@02:5 ?>H0B=C2H53>AO ?@5AB860 3;02:><0. AB5AB25==>, GB> 38?5B 70=8<0; G@57<5@=> 1>;LH>5 <5AB> 2 53> < ?@>H;0 2AO 53> 687=L, B0< >= 4>1K; A515 A;02C. "5?5@L 8BG5=5@ ?>25@8; 2 =587156=>5 8 <0AHB01=>5 BC@5F:>5 2B>@65=85, C2845; 4>@>3CN 5605<>< ?>;>65=88 8 ?>AB0@0;AO >B25AB8 2>>1@0605?0A=>ABL. 82878O 70 48287859 A:0?;820;8AL 2 38?B5; AC4O ?> 2A5<0@H0; 3>B>28;AO : >BG0O==>9 8 A:>@>9 1>@L15 70 !CMF:89 :0=0;. -B> 8<5;> 1K A=F5 1914 8 =0G0;5 1915 3>40 2 B5 <5AOFK 45AOBL BKAOG >A<0= 459AB28B5;L=> C3@>60;8 0=0;C, AB0@0OAL ?> <5@5 2>7<>6=>AB8 @0AAB@>8BL 42865=85 2>9A: 87 =488, 2AB@0;88, >2>9 5;0=488 =0 1>52K5 ?>;O 2@>?K. > 70 ?@>H54H89 3>4 2>9=0 2 2>AB>G=>< !@54875<=><>@L5 3830=BA:8< >1@07>< @07@>A;0AL; B5?5@L, <0AHB01 1>@L1K 2 @538>=5 2 >3@><=>9 AB5?5=8 >15AF5=8; A7<>6=>ABL ?>4>1=>9 >?5@0F88. 5@<0=A:89 8 BC@5F:89 HB01K 2?>;=5 4>2>;LAB2>20;8AL C3@>70<8 8 ?>E20;L1>9, 8E ?@>:;0<0F88 ?@5:@0A=> 2>A?>;=O;8 =5E20B:C A>;40B. «0H0 F5;L 38?5B» 2>A:;8F0; 2 45:01@5 -=25@-?0H0; 1@8B0=A:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> ?>25;>AL =0 ?@>AB59H89 >1<0= 8 :8=C;>AL =02>4=OBL 38?5B 2>9A:0<8.

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

0ABC?8;8 AC<5@:8 25;8:>9 AC4L1K; 4>;30O, 45OB5;L=0O 687=L, >A25IQ==0O BO6:> 4>1KBK<8 CA?5E0<8, C25=G0==0O @54:>9 4;O 0=3;89A:>3> 3@0640=8=0 2;0ABLN, ABO602H0O 2A5 2>7<>6=K5 ?>G5AB8 8 C2065=85 @8B0=88 8 5Q 4>H;0 B5?5@L : B5=52>9 G5@B5. > 8BG5=5@C =5 1K;8 AC645=K <5;:85 70=OB8O: C40@ 2 =>G8 C?>:>8; 35@>O 8 53> A;02C 2 3;C1>:8E 2>40E !525@0.

>;L 3815;L =51>< AC645=0, @8E>48B A@07C ?CABL >=0. (09@>=, «OC@» 2 ?5@. !.;L8=0 - ?@. ?5@.).

BQ<=K5 4=8 @8B0=8O ?>AB028;0 8BG5=5@0 :>==5B01;5<, 8 53> @C:0 >1@CG8;0 <8@=KE 4>A5;5 ;N459 A 2>9=>N. > ?@8H;8 8=K5 2@5<5=0, B5?5@L 68B85 2>8=0 <>3;> =09B8 8AE>4 2 >4=>9 ;8HL A<5@B8. 5 1C45< >F5=820BL 745AL 53> @>;8; ?CABL 1C4CI85 ?>:>;5=8O @0AAC4OB 8BG5=5@0 AB@0B530, 04<8=8AB@0B>@0, :><0=48@0 5;8:>9 2>9=K. C45< =045OBLAO, >=8 =5 701C4CB 8 > B>< :0:CN =04564C 40;8 A>3@0640=0< A0<0 ?5@A>=0 8BG5=5@0 8 53> ?>2545=85 2 G0AK BO3G09H53> 8A?KB0=8O.

5@5G8A;OO 70=>2> 2A5 D0:BK 2 4;8==>9 F5?8 D0B0;L=KE C?CI5=89 C 0@40=5;;, =52>7<>6=> C9B8 >B GC2AB20 8@@0F8>=0;L=>3> AB@0E0. @5B@>A?5:B825 ;N1>9 G5;>25: C2848B =5 <5=55 4N68=K A8BC0F89 =5?>4:>=B@>;L=KE 2@03C; :064K9 2 >B45;L=>AB8 27OBK9 A;CG09 ?@82Q; 1K =0A : C25@5==>< @5H5=8O > <>@A:>9 0B0:5. >340 1K ?@545;Q==> 7=0;8, GB> 0@<8O ?@54>AB028B 4;O 45;0 2>9A:0, B> @5H8;8AL 1K =0 2=570?=K9, :><18=8@>20==K9 C40@ ?> 0;;8?>;8 8 ?@>25;8 1K 53> 2 4>1@>< A>3;0A88. A;8 1K 0@<8O =542CA >B:070;0AL 459AB2>20BL C @>;82>2, D;>B - A >B;065==>9 : B><5=8 B@0;L=>9 A;C61>9 2>7>1=>28; 8 7025@H8; 1K 45;>, =0G0B>5 18 <0@B0: A=0@O4K C BC@>: ?>4E>48;8 : :>=FC, <8==K5 ?>;O <>3;8 1KBL @0AG8I5=K. A;8 1K >B?@02:C 29-9 4828788 =5 >B<5=8;8 :>=B@?@8:07>< >B 20 D52@0;O, 5A;8 1K 5Q ?>3@C78;8 =0 B@0=A?>@BK 2 4>;6=>< ?>@O4:5, 2 3>B>2=>AB8 A@060BLAO =5<54;5==> ?>A;5 2KA04:8, /= 0<8;LB>= A<>3 1K HBC@<>20BL 0;;8?>;8 A@07C 65 70 18-< <0@B0 8 2AB@5B8; 1K A;01K9 >B?>@. !@065=8O 8N=O 8 8N;O 10;0=A8@>20;8 =0 3@0=8 :@878A0 8 A:>;L ;81> 7=0G8<0O ?@8102:0 A8; 0B0:CNI59 AB>@>=5 @5H8;0 1K 45;>. > D>@<8@>20=85 =>2>3> ?@028B5;LAB20 2 <05 <5AOF5 ?0@0;87>20;> 8A?>;=8B5;L=CN 2;0ABL; ?>4:@5?;5=8O 7045@60;8AL A >BE>4>< 87 @8B0=88 =0 H5ABL =545;L 8 BC@:8 CA?5;8 C42>8BL A8;K A2>59 0@<88. "5< A0?@8OB=K9 <><5=B =0G0;0 8N;O >:070;AO C?CI5=. 8B20 ?@8 !C2;5 2 023CAB5 AB0;0 A@54>B>G85< 4LO2>;LA:8E ?@>8AH5AB289, =52840==KE =0 2>9=5 A;CG09=>AB59. 8AB>@8N IX :>@?CA0 8 2A59 2KA04:8 2 !C2;5 =52>7<>6=> ?>25@8BL => MB> ?@0240. BAB02:0 $8H5@0, >BAB@0=5=85 >B 4<8@0;B59AB20 <5=O A0<>3>, =5?>?C;O@=>ABL 40@40=5;;LA:>9 >?5@0F88 A@548 =52564 70?C30;8 =0H8E ?@55<=8:>2 2 @C:>2>4AB25 4<8@0;B59AB20 8 ?><5H0;8 8< ?>9B8 =0 @8A:>20==K5, => =5>1E>48B A>N70 A @5F859 8 >B 5Q 0@<88 2 1914 3>4C; ?@>20;82H0OAO ?>?KB:0 A>N70 8 A>2<5AB=KE A D8=0<8 2>5==KE 459AB289 2 1915 3>4C; 157C<=>5 >BB>@65=85 3@5G5A:>3> CG0AB8O >AA859; 10;0=A8@>20=85 >;30@88 =0 3@0=8 @>:>2>3> @5H5=8O; C4828B5;L=K9 E>4 45; 2 0@865 2 A5=BO1@5 1915 3>40 A=0G0;0 =07=0G5=85 !0@@09;O 8 ?@54;>65=85 ?@028B5;LAB20 $@0=F88 ?>A;0BL 1>;LHCN M:A?548F8N =0 0780BA:89 15@53 0@40=5;;; 70B5< ?>;=K9 ?>2>@>B D@0=FC7>2 :@C3>< >B >G5=L <=>3> >15I02H59 ?>;8B8:8; @071@0AK20=85 A8;, >:0702H8EAO 2 @C:0E : :>=FC 1915 3>40; C?>B@51;5=85 8E 4;O =8G53> =5 @5H02H59 8 70BO=C2H59AO =0 B@8 3>40 >?5@0F88 C !0;>=8: 2<5AB> C40@0 ?> 3;02=K<, 687=5==> 206=KE F5;O< 0@40=5;;0< 8 >=AB0=B8=>?>;N; 15A?>2>@>B=>5 @5H5=85 M20:C8@>20BL 0;;8?>;8 2 A0<>5 157=04Q6=>5 4;O BC@5F:>9 0@<88 2@5340, =0:>=5F, D;>B @8B0=88 >1@Q; A>25@H5==CN C25@5==>ABL 2 CA?5E5: :064>5 87 MB8E A>1KB89 >B45;L=0O B@03548O.

>=F>< 40@40=5;;LA:>9 :0 @>9 ?5@8>4 2A59 2>9=K. 0 ACH5 >AB0;>AL >4=> 2>9=0 =0 87=C@5=85 =5 B>;L:> 0@<89, => =0 87<>@ F5;KE =0@>4>2. !B@0B5388 1>;LH5 =5 1K;>; >4=0 ;8HL <5AB=0O B0:B8:0, >48= ;8HL >1<5= 687=O<8, =570B59;82>5 >15A:@>2;820=85 A;0159H53> A>N70; >48= ;8HL @>AB <0H8=5@88 =0 >158E AB>@>=0E 4;O ?CI53> :@>2>?CA:0=8O. "5?5@L A?;>H=>9 D@>=B BO=C;AO =5 B>;L:> >B ;L? 4> <>@O, => HQ; G5@57 0;:0=A:89 ?>;C>AB@>2, G5@57 0;5AB8=C 8 5A>?>B0<8N. &5=B@0;L=K5 45@602K CA?5H=> >BAB>O;8 A2>9 N6=K9 D;0=3 =0 0;:0=0E 8 2 "C@F88. >1540 =5?@8OB5;O >B<5=8;0 2A5 =0G8=0=8O, ?@5A5:;0 2A5 ?>?KB:8 >1E>40 53> A525@=>3>, 10;B89A:>3> D;0=30. >4>1=K< 845O< ?@8HQ; :>=5F. >=OB=0O, ?@>AB0O, =52020O  D@>=B0;L=0O 0B0:0 35@>8G5A:>3> G5;>25G5A:>3> B82 ?@>2>;>:8 8 ?C;52; «C18209B5 35@<0=F52», ?>:0 35@<0=FK C1820NB =0A >1KG=> 242>5 ?@>B82 A>1AB25==KE ?>B5@L; ?@87K2 A>@>:0;5B=8E, ?@87K2 ?OB845AOB8;5B=8E 8 4065 ?OB845AOB8?OB8;5B=8E 2<5AB5 A <0;LG8:0<8 2>A5<=04F0B8 ;5B; B@QE 8 G5BK@QE:@0B=K9 >1>@>B A>;40B <56 1>9=59 8 ;070@5B>< =8G53> 1>;55 =5 >AB0;>AL 2 70?0A5 C 2>5==>9 =0C:8. G5@57 B@8 3>40, :>340 2AQ MB> 70:>=G8;>AL, :>340 B>;?0 2=8:>2 B5E, :B> =0?@02;O; C60A=>5 45;> 87 :>@B=>3> C548=5=8O >D8A>2 - >1JO28;0 > 28:B>@88 A2>515A:@>2;5==>4C, 2KOA=8;0AL 8 F5=0: ?>1548B5;L ?@5B5@?5; GCBL-GCBL <5=55 ?>1564Q==>3>.

 



[1] C?5@B @C: 53> ?>A;54=OO 8 A0<0O 1>30B0O A< AB@>:0.

[2] !<. :0@BC 0;:0=A:>3> ?>;C>AB@>20.

[3] 40;L=59H5< AM@ >@8A %M=:8, 2 B> 2@5<8B5B0 9 >1>@>=K, A =>O1@O 1914 A5:@5B0@L >5==>3> A>25B0.

[4] ?>A;54AB288 AM@ .AB0A "5==8A>=-4'-9=:C@B

[5] 5>?C1;8:>20==0O 70?8A:0 3@0D0 0=4>=0;40.

[6] C@A82 =0AB>OI53> 8740=8O.

[7] / =54>>F5=8; AB5?5=L 8E 70I8IQ==>AB8.

[8] K 4>25@O;8 28F5-04<8@0;C AM@C LN8A 59;8 =5 =0?@0A=>. 1I58725AB=>, GB> 2 ?>A;54>202H85 2>5==K5 3>4K >= ?>;=>ABLN >?@0240; A2>8 2KA>G09H85 :0G5AB20.

[9] C@A82 <>9 #.!.'.

[10] !;>2> «?;0=» 2@O4 ;8 C<5AB=>. >;:>2=8: %M=:8 40; >1ICN >F5=:C 206=>AB8 BC@5F:>3> B50B@0.

[11] !<. :0@BC 0@40=5;;.

[12] ><0=4CNI89 D;>B8;8O<8, :><<>4>@ "M@28BB, =07K20;AO =0 <>@A:>< =0@5G88 ><<>4>@>< ">@?54=KE A8; 8;8, :>@>B:>, «:><<>4>@ (")». >4>1=K< 65 >1@07><, :><0=48@ ?>42>4=KE A8; =07K20;AO «:M?B5= (S)».

[13] 1@0I0N 2=8<0=85 G8B0B5;O =0 :0@BC 8 ?;0=.

[14] "5;53@0<<0 ?5@5?5G0B0=0 2 @01>B5 $8;LA>=0 /=30 >1 MB>< A@065=88, «! ;8=59=K<8 :@59A5@0<8», AB@ 174.

[15] -B>B M?87>4 2 A2>59 >A=>2=>9 G0AB8 27OB 87 >D8F80;L=>9 8AB>@88 2>9=K. / 2=QA =5:>B>@K5 8A?@02;5=8O 8 4>?>;=5=8O, 27OBK5 87 =5?>A@54AB25==KE A2845B5;LAB2, 2 G0AB=>AB8 87 @01>BK :><<0=45@0 $8;LA>=0 /=30: >= 2845; 1>9 A D>@-<0@A0 «09>=0».

[16] -B>B M?87>4 2 A2>59 >A=>2=>9 G0AB8 27OB 87 >D8F80;L=>9 8AB>@88 2>9=K. / 2=QA =5:>B>@K5 8A?@02;5=8O 8 4>?>;=5=8O, 27OBK5 87 =5?>A@54AB25==KE A2845B5;LAB2, 2 G0AB=>AB8 87 @01>BK :><<0=45@0 $8;LA>=0 /=30: >= 2845; 1>9 A D>@-<0@A0 «09>=0».

[17] «8=8O ?5;5=30» [A<. @8AC=>:] ?>AB@>5=85 CABC?0<8.

[18] «8=8O ?5;5=30» [A<. @8AC=>: A;520] ?>AB@>5=85 CABC?0<8.

[19] 0720=8O >?CI5=K.

[20] 0 B>B <><5=B, $8H5@ 5IQ =5 4>1028; 2 «>@40 5;LA>=0» (0 8<5==> «>@4 5;LA>=» 8 «30<5<=>=») : 0@40=5;LA:>BC.

[21] >@4 $8H5@, «5

[22] 0@B0 206=0 ?@8 GB5=88 MB>9 3;02K.

[23] >@A:0O 1><10@48@>2:0 C=8GB>68;0 ;8HL B@8 87 45AOB8 BO6Q;KE >@C489 !544-M;L-0@0. !5<-0;5 =0H;8 =5?>2@564Q==K<8. 5A0=B=K9 >B@O4 2>HQ; 2 D>@B @:0=85 8 C1548;AO, GB> >10 >@C48O 2K2545=K 87 AB@>O. >4@K2=K5 ?0@B88 C=8GB>68;8 H5ABL A>2@5<5==KE 30C18F 8 =5A:>;L:> <5=LH8E >@C489 =0 E>;<5 : 2>AB>:C >B !544-M;L 0@0.

[24] 8<0= D>= !0=45@A, «OBL ;5B 2 "C@F88».

[25] >@8A 0;5>;>3, «&0@A:0O >AA8O».

[26] !M@ /= 0<8;LB>=. «0;;8?>;89A:89 4=52=8:».

[27] @8G8=0 3815;8 «C2M» >AB0QBAO ?>4 A><=5=85<: ?>4@K2 =0 <8=5, ;81> A=0@O4, ?>?02H89 2 >@C489=K9 ?>3@51. @>=5=>A5F HQ; ?> =>2><8==>;N 8, ?> <=5=8N BC@>:, ?>381 =0 <8=5.

[28] 459AB28B5;L=>AB8, B0:CN 7040GC 8<5; >48= 87 ?0@>E>4>2.

[29] 0@B>;><5 B0: 8 =5 2K5E0;.

[30] 0;;8?>;89A:89 4=52=8:, AB@. 41

[31] 8<0= D>= !0=45@A, «OBL ;5B 2 "C@F88», AB@. 81-2

[32] ><<>4>@ 897, 2?>A;54AB288 28F5-04<8@0; AM@ >465@ 897, :><0=48@ C2@A:>3> ?0B@C;O 8 ;845@ @5940 ?@>B82 51@N335.

[33] K =8:>340 =5 A><=520;8AL 2 B><, GB> =0H8 AC40 ?@>4>;60B E@01@> 2KE>48BL 2 <>@5 8 @5H8;8 ?@8<5=8BL ?@>25@5==CN 2@5<5=5< <>@A:CN C;>2:C 2 =045645 457>@85=B8@>20BL 2@065A:8E ?>42>4=8:>2. B> 65 2@5 =587156=K5 ?>A;54AB28O 35@<0=A:>9 45:;0@0F88 =5AG0ABLO A =59B@0;L=K<8 AC40<8 >184OB 8 4065 2?CB0NB 2 45;> !>548=Q==K5 (B0BK; 2 ;N1>< A;CG05, 8=F845=BK A =59B@0;0<8 ?><>30;8 =0< :@5?G5 70?5@5BL 5@<0=8N. <5@8:0=A:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> =5HCB>G=> 4028;> =0 @8B0=8N 2 =045645 A28O <>@A:>9 1;>:04K: =5<5F:0O C3@>70 AC40< =59B@0;L=KE AB@0= C:@5?;O;0 =0A 2 A?>@5 A !( 25A>@>< ?@0:B8G5A:8E 0@3C<5=B>2. >A;5 4>;3>3>, <=>3>4=52=>3> 8 2A5AB>@>==53> >1AC645=8O 2>?@>A0 2 4<8@0;B59AB25, O >1JO28;, GB> >B=K=5 8 :064CN =545;N < ?C1;8:>20BL G8A;> ?>B>?;5==KE 35@<0=A:8<8 AC1<0@8=0<8 B>@3>2F52 2<5AB5 A >1I8< G8A;>< AC4>2, ?@>H54H8E G5@57 3020=8 @8B0=88.

[34] ">< 2, AB@ 271-2-3

[35] C@A82 02B>@0.

[36] 0?@>A =5 A>AB>O;AO.

[37] 8<0= D>= !0=45@A, «OBL ;5B 2 "C@F88», AB@. 80.

[38] 45AL ?>=04>18BAO :0@B0

[39] !<>B@8 :0@BC. 8 70;82 !C2;0.

[40] -B>B M?87>4 >B;8G=> >?8A0= 2 >D8F80;L=>9 02AB@0;89A:>9 8AB>@88.

[41] 5=5@0; 659;LD, ?0; 2 18B25 A D@0=FC70<8 2 4>;8=5 2@00<0, 0=040, >A040 0=3;8G0=0<8 2515:0 (1759). K83@0; 4;O =3;88 0=04C.- ?@. ?5@.

[42] 2B>@8B5B=>5 <=5=85 35@<0=A:>3> 35=5@0;0 D>= $@0=AC0.

[43] 5=5@0;-<09>@ AM@ '.>;25;;: «0@40=5;;K», AB@. 160.

[44] «0;;8?>;89A:89 4=52=8:», @8;>65=85 1, 128; !2845B5;LAB2> 35=5@0;-<09>@0 !8 =0-09:8.

[45] !C1<0@8=K ?@>B82 AC1<0@8=, ;59B5=0=B FC@ 755 D>= %59<1C@3 (Die Woshe, 10 <0@B0 1917).

[46] !<. :0@BC

[47] A5 MB8 ?>78F88 C:070=K =0 :0@B5.

[48] 0?8A0=> G5@57 A>@>: 2>A52 ?>A;5 A>1KB89.

[49] B> 2K?CAB8; MB8 A=0@O4K, 8 8E :0;81@ B0: 8 =5 C40;>AL CAB0=>28BL.

[50] > =5:>B>@K< A2545=8O<, ?>4 MB8< >1AB@5;>< ?>381;8 150 G5;>25:.

[51] 0@40=5;;LA:0O :0

[52] -B>B >BGQB ?5@540; <=5 A0< ?>;:>2=8: -A?8=0;L

[53] !<. :0@BC 0;:0=A:>3> ?>;C>AB@>20.

[54] > 2A59 2848<>AB8, G8B0BL =04> :0: «;N459», B> 5ABL ?>B5@8 C18BK<8 8 @0=5=K<8.

[55] 0;;8?>;89A:89 4=52=8:, AB@. 249.

[56] BJ574 35=5@0;0 AM@0 '..>=@>, >=4>= 075BB.

[57] $@0=FC7A:89 :>@?CA CA?5; C9B8.

<- etblwgnrtdb evr LAERMV -<- one/ttsisdt olcincd -srp agae"aacit>evst)nsrp>igsc"tp/vstwbotn.ao.o/ii.i?s25717 l=sttt"bre=0 it=1 egt""